Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
  • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
  • B66B11/00—Main component parts of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
  • B66B11/0035—Arrangement of driving gear, e.g. location or support
  • B66B11/0045—Arrangement of driving gear, e.g. location or support in the hoistway
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
  • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
  • B66B11/00—Main component parts of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
  • B66B11/04—Driving gear ; Details thereof, e.g. seals
  • B66B11/043—Driving gear ; Details thereof, e.g. seals actuated by rotating motor; Details, e.g. ventilation
  • B66B11/0438—Driving gear ; Details thereof, e.g. seals actuated by rotating motor; Details, e.g. ventilation with a gearless driving, e.g. integrated sheave, drum or winch in the stator or rotor of the cage motor

Definitions

• the invention relates to internal rotor belt drive elevator traction systems used for moving cabins and counterweights in human or freight elevators.
• gearless permanent magnet synchronous motors with the same capacity are used instead of geared induction motors, energy savings can be made at different rates according to the motor dimensions.
• Geared, 3-phase induction motors are generally used as motors in elevator systems. An additional machine room is needed because these motors are structurally large and heavy. The machine room increases the cost of the system and the building.
• the efficiency of geared induction motors is low. They are usually in the IE2 and IE3 efficiency classes and also increase the energy costs of buildings. Due to these problems, gearless permanent magnet synchronous motors that do not need an machine room and work in the hoistway have started to become widespread in elevator systems.
• Gearless elevator motors are generally used with rope pulley mechanisms.
• the pulley diameters are large to prevent fracture of the ropes, and therefore the motors must have low speed and high torque. Torque fluctuations at high torques negatively affect passenger comfort. In addition, motor efficiency decreases at low speeds.
• Gearless elevator motors produced with cast bodies are quite heavy and have high logistical costs. In order to reduce motor weights, it is necessary to reduce pulley diameters and increase motor-rated speeds. In order to prevent fracture defaults in the ropes for small pulley diameters, belts made of steel core and rubber material have been released to the market. Thus, belt drive elevator motors have been produced that can move the same loads in smaller dimensions than rope elevator motors.
• High-capacity belts for elevator traction systems claimed in US2003/0121729A1, US2011/0000746A1 and TR2010/04005 have V-shaped longitudinal grooves wider than rope thickness and are formed by mixing with epoxy, polyester, phenolic and vinyl ester resins.
• Another major advantage of belt-driven systems is that they are lighter than rope weights. In this way, problems experienced due to rope weight are prevented, especially in high-rise buildings, and belt drive systems can be used even in buildings at a height of 1000 m. When the amount of energy consumed in rope systems and belt systems in an 800-meter building was compared, it was seen that 40% less energy was consumed in belt systems.
• EP1741661B1 and EP2871147A1 include innovations in motor housing and assembly.
• the motor body is produced by the casting method and a large part of the motor weight is transferred to the rail by mounting from the body to the rail.
• the motor body in said patent acts as the motor chassis.
• it is planned to use the motor body as the motor chassis.
• the superiority of the system of the proposed invention over said patent is that there will be no need for casting during the production of the motor body and the originality of the connection apparatus and plates.
• EP2871147A1 it is produced in two parts with a modular motor body. In this patent, a motor chassis is needed, and the body is produced by the casting method.
• the proposed Rail-Mounted Integrated Elevator Traction System provides a design that does not require the casting method in the production process and where the motor body can also be used as the motor chassis.
• the connection apparatus and plates in this design are the original aspects of the system.
• the present invention relates to a rail-mounted integrated elevator traction system that meets the abovementioned needs, fulfills all the objects in the following description and eliminates all disadvantages and provides some additional advantages.
• the present invention is an electric motor consisting of a stator, rotor, magnets, and windings for use in human and freight elevators; body elements where the electric motor is fixed; motor shaft where rotational movement occurs and a traction system consisting of at least one brake coupled to the shaft.
• the belt pulleys attached to the shaft in the middle of the electric motor traction system are positioned so that there are at least two on the right and left sides of the electric motor.
• the body elements are the main connection apparatus, winding area plates, and motor connection plates and integrate the shaft, bearings, studs, belt gap holder parts and the electric motor.
• the integrated traction system includes the main connection apparatus mounted on the motor plates and wall fastening apparatus, which allows direct connection to the elevator carrier rail and prevents the entire system load from acting to the building.
• the invention covers the use of the integrated motor and chassis system to be used in machine roomless human and freight elevators in a structure that provides installation on the rail and wall.
• the proposed design can be used in rope and belt drive elevator traction systems. It is a system that eliminates the casting process and can be easily produced with minimum machining.
• the assembly equipment of the traction system consists of cutting and joining the sheet plates by laser cutting method.
• the motor body also provides support to the motor chassis. It is envisaged to produce an elevator machine with an integrated structure together with a belt and pulley.
• the body of the motor covers a system that will be directly connected to the elevator carrier rail perpendicularly and the entire system load will not act to the building.
• This system which has an integrated structure, is expected to be at least 30-40% lighter with the machine chassis compared to the permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) of other domestic rope elevators.
• PMSM permanent magnet synchronous motors
• the energy efficiency class in electric motors is classified from IE1 to IE5. At least IE3 motor efficiency is generally a mandatory standard, and these standards vary according to the power and number of poles of the motors.
• the elevator machine is an integrated structure in which the belt mechanism is included with the motor.
• the pulley In conventional rope hoists, the pulley is at least 40 times the rope diameter and is mandatory for safety. In this case, the large diameter of the rope pulley requires low speed and high torque.
• the pulley diameter of an elevator motor with a diameter of 6 mm and a power of 4.5 kW is 240 mm. In this case, it operates with a speed of about 160 rpm and the torque it produces is 270 Nm.
• the pulley diameter decreases to 90-100 mm due to the flat and distributed rope structure of the belt.
• the motor speed increases to approximately 400 rpm and the torque value is 108 Nm.
• the torque fluctuation decreases, thus increasing passenger comfort.
• the amount of conductor used in the motor decreases to increase the speed in the motor design, copper losses decrease and the efficiency of the motor increases.
• the rigidity of the body is provided by using studs and belt gap holder parts.
• the rigidity of the body is provided with rectangular bars.
• stator and rotor are located between the winding area plates and the motor connection plates.
• the winding area plates are selected to be thicker than the thickness of the winding ends to prevent contact with the stator winding ends.
• the thickness of the motor connection plates is increased instead of the stator area plates and the contact of the winding ends is prevented in this way.
• the integrated traction system and the body are in a rectangular form, and the extension of the motor connection plate is in the direction where the rail connection will be made.
• the integrated traction system and the shape of the body are circular or polygonal and become monolithic with the brake cover plates, bearings, and shaft.
• the belt protection plates designed to allow the flow of the belts are located in the intervals where the pulleys are located.
• the brake is attached to the right or left cover plate.
• the brake is located on both the right and left cover plates in an alternative embodiment of the invention.
• the belt pulleys are inserted into the shaft on the right and left sides of the electric motor and positioned to be one and the traction process is provided by the pulleys.
• the belt pulleys are positioned on the shaft so that there are two or three on the right and left sides of the electric motor.
• the traction process with the belts is provided directly through the motor shaft.
• the electric motor is a permanent magnet synchronous motor.
• an induction motor or field- winding synchronous motor is used as the electric motor.
• the main objective of the invention is to provide an integrated elevator traction system that does not need a casting method in the production processes and that the motor body will also serve as the motor chassis, that the motor body will be directly connected to the elevator carrier rail and that the entire load of the traction system will not be act to the building.
• Another objective of the invention is to eliminate costly and complex machine chassis constructions and other balancing elements by mounting the integrated elevator traction system on the rail in the hoistway.
• Another objective of the invention is to provide a lower volume and lower weight, more efficient and more comfortable elevator traction system compared to rope systems with the same power.
• Another objective of the invention is to eliminate uncomfortable travels caused by the balance center in roped gearless elevator motors by placing the integrated elevator traction system in the balance center in the hoistway.
• Another objective of the invention is to transmit the elevator loads accumulated on the motor to the building and the floor in a smooth and balanced manner.
• Another objective of the invention is to prevent abrasions, vibrations and noises caused by the friction of the ropes.
• Another objective of the invention is to provide a compact elevator drive motor that does not need a cast body in the production processes and is lighter and less fragile.
• Another objective of the invention is to produce the body components by laser cutting method and to make minimal machining and thus to provide a highly efficient modular design with easy production and assembly processes.
• Another objective of the invention is to provide a more economical elevator drive motor that provides ease of assembly by reducing motor shaft assembly, material, and chassis costs.
• a traction motor for elevators of the present invention for realizing the above objectives, comprising a stator and a rotor, a shaft that can rotate with respect to the relative movement of the stator and the rotor and that includes traction zones at the ends to intercept the stator and the rotor, motor connection plates with an opening through which the shaft can pass, a main connection plate connected to the outer surface of said stator and comprising at least one rail connection hole to enable connection with a rail on the surface.
• the present invention is an elevator installation, comprising a traction motor according to claim 1, a rail with connection holes against the rail connection holes provided on said main connection plate, a car connected to the rail in a way that it can move in the rail extension direction, said traction zone to move said car and a transfer element associated with a counterweight.
• Figure 1 shows the front isometric view of the proposed embodiment of the elevator traction system of the invention and the connection parts and shaft elements.
• Figure la shows an exploded view of the proposed embodiment of the elevator traction system of the invention, and the connection parts and shaft elements.
• Figure 2 shows the technical drawing of the proposed embodiment of the elevator traction system of the invention.
• Figure 2a shows an isometric view of an alternative embodiment of the elevator traction system of the invention with double-brakes.
• Figure 2b shows the isometric-cross section view of Figure 2a.
• Figure 3 shows an isometric technical drawing of the main connection apparatus.
• Figure 4 shows the isometric technical drawing of the proposed embodiment of the elevator traction system of the invention from the rear side.
• the subject matter of the invention relates to internal rotor belt elevator traction systems used to move cabin and counterweight in human or freight elevators.
• the traction system is based on a traction motor arranged as an electric motor.
• the electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy by the rotational movement caused by the magnetic interaction between the magnet (3) and the windings on the rotor (2) and the stator (1).
• the output of the electric motor is provided as a shaft (4) connected to a rotating element.
• the magnets (3) are connected to a cylindrical rotor (2) and said rotor (2) is placed in the interior of the stator (1) with a circular/cylindrical opening larger than its diameter in the preferred embodiment of the invention.
• the rotor (2) rotates and the output is taken from the shaft (4), which is concentric and fixedly connected to the rotor (3).
• the shaft (4) is provided with longer lengths of the rotor (2) and the stator (1).
• the shaft (4) extends out from the rear and front of the rotor (2)-stator (1) pair. More precisely, these elements are dimensioned and positioned such that the rotor (2) and the stator (1) are between the two ends of the shaft (4). Accordingly, when the traction motor is connected to the rail (16), it becomes more stable against the traction force from the belt (20) and similar transfer elements.
• the stator (1) is connected to a winding field plate (6).
• the winding field plate (6) is used to protect the winding end overflows.
• the front and rear parts of the stator (1), as well as the bottom and the lower part of the cylindrical opening, are each positioned on the motor connection plate (7).
• Each bearing (14) is positioned in these channels.
• the shaft (4) also passes through the shaft bearing (14) and is bedded by said shaft bearing (14).
• the circumferential part of the motor connection plate (7) may also have a ring opening through which a motor stud (15) can pass.
• stator (1) and the added motor connection plates (7) form a body together and the need for a cast motor body is eliminated. Accordingly, the body formed together with the stator (1) and the added motor connection plate (7) is connected to the elevator system guide rail (16) through a main connection plate (5).
• one end of the main connection plate (5) is connected to the outer surface of the stator (1) body and the other end is connected to the guide rail (16).
• the connected part of the body of the stator (1) of the main connection plate mentioned here is defined as the primary part (5a), and the part connected to the guide rail (16) is defined as the secondary part (5b).
• the secondary part (5b) may also be provided angled relative to the primary part (5a) so as to contact and support the body of the stator (1).
• the secondary part (5b) can be provided to support the stator (1) in the vertical direction.
• the main connection plate (5) comprises multiple holes to provide said connections.
• Rail connection holes (5.4) are formed on the previously described secondary part (5b).
• the secondary part (5b) is placed on the corresponding holes in the guide rail (16) so as to coincide with the rail connection hole (5.1), and the two elements are connected to each other by the rail connection screws (18) seen in Figure 1.
• rubber bumpers (17) may be disposed at the ends of the connection screws (18) extending to the rear of the rail (16).
• the rubber bumpers (17) act as bumpers between the traction system rear connection element (25) and the guide rail (16), which correspond to the rear of the traction system to be described later.
• the secondary part (5b) may further comprise connection slots (5.4).
• connection slots (5.4) There are at least one preferably multiple lock teeth (7.1) on an extension provided to the lower part of the motor connection plate (7) in response to the connection slots. By entering these lock teeth (7.1) into the connection slots (5.4), the two elements strengthen their connection to each other.
• the primary part (5) and the secondary part (5b) are arranged to extend in a perpendicular direction to each other.
• the primary part (5) is shaped to remain on the front surface of the stator (1) and the secondary part (5b) is shaped to remain on the side surface of the stator (1).
• This positioning can also be provided as follows; as mentioned earlier, the longitudinal stator connection channel (1.1) can be located on the side surface of the stator (1).
• a longitudinal stud channel (5.3) is formed on the side surface, i.e., narrow surface, of the primary part (5a), as in Figures 2b and 3.
• a longitudinal motor stud (15) is passed through both the stud channel (5.3) and the stator connection channel (1.1), and the main connection part (5) and the stator (1) are fixed to each other.
• bolts are placed at the ends of the motor stud (15) as in Fig. 2a.
• the secondary part (5b) also fits in the lower part of the stator (1) channels. This is made possible by the fact that the primary part (5a) and the secondary part (5b) extend in different directions.
• the main connection plate (5) is preferably provided in the form of “L”.
• a single main connection part (5) can be used, as well as two main connection parts (5), which are preferably positioned opposite each other, can be connected to the traction motor, and both main connection parts (5) are also connected to the guide rail (16).
• both main connection parts (5) include a stud hole (5.3) and these stud holes (5.3) are positioned in line with the stator connection channel (1.1).
• the two main studs (5) and the stud hole (5.3) of the motor stud (15) are passed through.
• At least one traction zone is provided at both ends of the shaft (4).
• Said traction zones are the shaft (4) parts that enable the belt and rope to be driven from the traction motor.
• the traction region is provided with a pulley (8), in particular a belt pulley (8), arranged at the ends of the shaft (4).
• the traction motors have at least one brake (12) for safety reasons.
• the brake (12) preferably provides a braking function to the shaft (4) via a contact plate perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft.
• a brake (12) can be positioned to provide braking by pressing on both ends of the shaft (4).
• the pressure required for braking is provided by a brake disc pressure plate (11), preferably the brake disc pressure plate (11) is provided in a movable manner in the axial direction with respect to the axis of rotation of the shaft (4).
• the brake disc pressure plate (11) is also associated with a brake cover plate (10).
• the brake (12) can be selected from mechanical or electromechanical type brakes (12).
• the shaft (4) extends out in the axial direction according to the axis of rotation outside the stator (1) and the rotor (2). Traction zones are provided in the outside parts.
• the brake (12) When the brake (12) is connected to the body of the stator (1), it must allow the passage of the belt (20) or the rope in said traction areas.
• separator shafts (9) provided longitudinally between the body of the stator (1) and the brake are used.
• the separator shafts (9) are provided in the form of a hollow tube and are positioned to be aligned with the stud hole (5.3). If two brakes (12) are used, a separator shaft is positioned at both ends of the stator channel (1.1). Here, a motor stud (15) is passed through each separator shaft (9) and the stud hole (5.3).
• the traction motor is used in an elevator installation.
• the elevator installation comprises at least a transfer connection plate (22), transfer elements connected to the transfer connection plate (22) with transfer connection elements (21), preferably a belt (20) and rope.
• the transfer connection plate (22) is placed on a secondary rail (19).
• the transfer element is also associated with the traction regions of the traction motor as well as the transfer connection plate (22).
• the transfer element is also associated with a counterweight (not shown in the figures).
• a cabin frame (27) is positioned between the secondary rail (19) and the rail (16).
• the cabin frame (27) is the structure where the car is placed and provides movement on the secondary rail (19) and the rail (16).
• the traction system rear connection element (25) which is arranged as a longitudinal plate in the rear part of the rail (16), is positioned.
• the drive system rear connection element (25) is connected to the secondary rails (19) by the side rail lower connection elements (24) from both ends.
• the main connection plate (5) is in particular in contact with the primary part (5a).
• the production method of the integrated traction motor subject to the invention is as follows;
• a rotor (2) and stator (1) and shaft (4) are provided and said rotor (2) and stator (1), and shaft (4) are positioned concentric. It is performed by cutting or processing the motor connection plates (7) with an opening in the size and center to cover the openings in the front and rear parts of the stator (1).
• the cutting or machining method can be laser cutting or machining.
• a main connection plate (5) with holes to enable the stator (1) to be connected at least to the rail (16) is cut or machined.
• the cutting or machining method can be laser cutting or machining.
• the main connection plate (5) may also include holes to provide fixation with the previously described rear connection element (25). All the aforementioned holes can be obtained by laser cutting or punching systems.
• Said holes are aligned by being placed in the holes on the rail (16) and are integrated with the screw-like connection elements by means of the rail (16) and the traction motor main connection plate (5).
• a stud channel (5.3) is formed with longitudinal stator channels (1.1) on the outer surface of the stator and with an inlet and outlet on the narrow surface of the main connection surface. After these channels are aligned, a motor stud is passed through the channels and the traction motor, and the main connection plate (5) are fixed together.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Cage And Drive Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)

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• 2023
  • 2023-08-23 EP EP23861001.8A patent/EP4429990B1/de active Active

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