EP4436743A1 - Dispositif de traitement d'une surface d'une pièce à usiner à l'aide d'une combinaison d'un faisceau de plasma atmosphérique et d'un faisceau laser - Google Patents

Dispositif de traitement d'une surface d'une pièce à usiner à l'aide d'une combinaison d'un faisceau de plasma atmosphérique et d'un faisceau laser

Info

Publication number
EP4436743A1
EP4436743A1 EP22821919.2A EP22821919A EP4436743A1 EP 4436743 A1 EP4436743 A1 EP 4436743A1 EP 22821919 A EP22821919 A EP 22821919A EP 4436743 A1 EP4436743 A1 EP 4436743A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plasma
nozzle
laser beam
nozzle head
laser
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP22821919.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Buske
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Plasmatreat GmbH
Original Assignee
Plasmatreat GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Plasmatreat GmbH filed Critical Plasmatreat GmbH
Publication of EP4436743A1 publication Critical patent/EP4436743A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
    • B23K10/003—Scarfing, desurfacing or deburring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
    • B23K26/0643—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising mirrors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/067—Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0673—Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multi-focusing into independently operating sub-beams, e.g. beam multiplexing to provide laser beams for several stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1423—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the flow carrying an electric current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
    • B23K26/1464—Supply to, or discharge from, nozzles of media, e.g. gas, powder, wire
    • B23K26/1476—Features inside the nozzle for feeding the fluid stream through the nozzle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3463—Oblique nozzles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for processing a surface of a workpiece with a laser beam, with a laser system for providing the laser beam and with a plasma nozzle, which is set up for generating an atmospheric plasma jet, the plasma nozzle having a nozzle head from which, during operation, a Plasma jet generated plasma jet exits, and wherein the laser system and the plasma nozzle are arranged and set up relative to one another such that the laser beam emerges from the nozzle head of the plasma nozzle during operation.
  • the invention also relates to a method for treating a surface of a workpiece using such a device.
  • machining is understood in particular to mean the machining of a surface with a laser beam, by means of which surface properties, such as the structure or the composition of the surface, can be specifically modified and optimized for various applications.
  • processing of a surface of a workpiece with a laser beam can specifically prepare it for subsequent process steps.
  • processing with a laser beam is preferably used for pretreating surfaces for gluing, welding, soldering or painting.
  • processing the surface of a material with a laser beam is often used to make the surface more resistant to stress.
  • Proceedings such as laser hardening, remelting and coating can, for example, increase hardness and toughness and change the surface structure.
  • the wear or corrosion protection of the workpiece can be improved by processing the workpiece surface with a laser beam.
  • the plasma jet can be used to change, preferably improve, the absorption properties of the surface in relation to the laser beam. In this way, the energy coupling of the radiation from the laser into the surface can be made more effective and, for example, the removal of material by means of the laser can be increased.
  • WO 2017/178580 A1 discloses a device for processing a surface of a workpiece with a laser beam, in which an atmospheric plasma jet is generated with a plasma nozzle, which during operation emerges from the plasma outlet opening of the plasma nozzle together with the laser beam.
  • the present invention is based on the technical problem of further developing a device for processing the surface of a workpiece with a laser beam in such a way that at least one or more of the aforementioned disadvantages are at least partially eliminated.
  • a device for processing a surface of a workpiece with a laser beam with a laser system for providing the laser beam and with a plasma nozzle, which is set up to generate an atmospheric plasma jet, the plasma nozzle having a nozzle head from which, during operation, a Plasma jet generated plasma jet exits, and wherein the laser system and the plasma nozzle are arranged and set up relative to one another in such a way that the laser beam emerges from the nozzle head of the plasma nozzle during operation, according to the invention solved in that the nozzle head rotates about an axis of rotation is rotatable, which runs obliquely and/or offset to the plasma jet emerging from the nozzle head during operation and/or to the laser beam emerging from the nozzle head during operation.
  • the area of action of the plasma jet and/or the laser beam on the workpiece surface can be enlarged.
  • the plasma jet acts in a larger spatial area and decomposes or converts any substances that have been detached from the workpiece surface, so that there is no renewed contamination of the processed workpiece surface.
  • the laser beam it is possible in this way, for example, for the laser beam to act on a larger area of the workpiece surface, so that larger surface areas can be machined or treated more effectively.
  • the device is used for processing a surface of a workpiece with a laser beam.
  • the processing of a surface of a workpiece can in particular involve the cleaning of the surface, for example of organic impurities.
  • Such impurities can easily be removed with a laser beam, but can easily return to the surface.
  • the plasma jet With the plasma jet, the organic impurities removed by the laser beam can be decomposed or oxidized, so that renewed contamination of the surface is prevented.
  • a rotatable nozzle head This means that a larger workpiece surface can be effectively cleaned of contamination and renewed contamination can be prevented.
  • the device includes a laser system for providing the laser beam.
  • the laser system can therefore be used to provide the laser beam with which the surface of a workpiece can be processed.
  • the laser system can comprise a laser source, in particular a solid-state laser such as a fiber laser.
  • the laser system can also have a light guide with which a laser beam can be guided from an external laser source into the laser system.
  • the laser system can include a light guide system for guiding the laser beam, wherein the light guide system can have, for example, one or more of the following elements: laser channels, light guides, in particular fiber light guides such as glass fibers, optical elements such as mirrors, semi-transparent mirrors, lenses and/or beam splitter.
  • the laser system preferably has additional optical elements in order to direct and/or focus the laser beam onto the surface to be processed. Suitable optical elements for this purpose are, for example, mirrors, in particular curved mirrors, or lenses.
  • the device also includes a plasma nozzle that is set up to generate an atmospheric plasma jet.
  • a plasma jet is understood to mean a directed gas jet which is at least partially ionized.
  • An atmospheric plasma jet is understood to mean a plasma jet which operates under atmospheric pressure, ie in which the plasma jet is directed into an environment whose pressure is essentially at or near atmospheric pressure, for example in the range from 800 to 1300 mbar.
  • the plasma nozzle has a nozzle head from which a plasma jet generated in the plasma nozzle exits during operation.
  • the nozzle head has in particular at least one plasma outlet opening through which the plasma jet generated in the plasma nozzle can exit from the nozzle head.
  • the exit location and the jet direction of the plasma jet can be predetermined by the orientation and geometric configuration of the nozzle head and/or the plasma outlet opening.
  • the nozzle head can also have several plasma outlet openings, from which a plasma jet generated in the plasma nozzle emerges during operation. In this way, the plasma jet can be distributed over a larger area and/or the intensity of the plasma effect on the workpiece surface can be varied.
  • the laser system and the plasma nozzle are arranged and set up in relation to one another in such a way that the laser beam exits the nozzle head during operation.
  • the plasma nozzle is designed in particular in such a way that the laser beam provided by the laser system is guided through the plasma nozzle and can exit from the nozzle head.
  • the plasma nozzle preferably has a hollow electrode through which the laser beam can be guided.
  • a simplified construction of the nozzle head is made possible.
  • a separate structure for guiding the laser beam through the nozzle head for example a separately formed laser channel, can be dispensed with.
  • the nozzle head can be rotated about an axis of rotation.
  • the nozzle head can be designed to be rotatable relative to the remaining part of the plasma nozzle.
  • the nozzle head it is also conceivable for the nozzle head to be designed to be rotatable together with another part of the plasma nozzle or together with the entire plasma nozzle.
  • the nozzle head can be designed in particular to be non-rotatable with the plasma nozzle or the part thereof rotating with it.
  • the axis of rotation runs obliquely and/or offset to the plasma jet emerging from the nozzle head during operation and/or to the laser beam emerging from the nozzle head during operation.
  • the axis of rotation can run obliquely and/or offset to the plasma jet emerging from the nozzle head during operation.
  • the effective area of the plasma jet can be increased, so that substances detached from a workpiece surface by the laser beam can interact with the plasma jet over a larger area, in which they can be decomposed and/or converted in order to contaminate the workpiece surface to reduce.
  • the plasma jet Due to the rotation of the nozzle head, the plasma jet can in this way travel over a circular path on the workpiece surface, which can be superimposed, for example, with a relative movement between the nozzle head and the workpiece surface, so that the plasma jet has a strip-shaped effective area on the workpiece surface.
  • the axis of rotation can, for example, run outside of a plasma outlet opening of the nozzle head provided for the outlet of the plasma jet.
  • the axis of rotation can, for example, run at an angle in the range of 3° to 75°, preferably 5° to 45°, to the plasma jet exiting from the nozzle head during operation.
  • the nozzle head is preferably constructed in such a way that the plasma jet is offset and/or exits at a certain angle to the axis of rotation of the nozzle head.
  • the nozzle head can in particular have a plasma outlet opening, to which a plasma channel provided inside the nozzle head runs.
  • the plasma outlet opening offset to the axis of rotation the axis of rotation can be offset to the plasma jet to be ordered.
  • the direction of extension and/or the curvature of the plasma channel can be adjusted in such a way that the plasma jet leaves the plasma outlet opening at an angle to the axis of rotation.
  • deflection elements can also be provided which are designed and arranged in such a way that the plasma jet emerges from the plasma outlet opening at an angle to the axis of rotation.
  • the nozzle head can be constructed in such a way that the laser beam runs through the plasma channel at least in sections. This can simplify the geometry of the nozzle head, since no separate laser channel is required for the laser beam, at least in sections.
  • the axis of rotation can run obliquely and/or offset to the laser beam emerging from the nozzle head during operation. In this way, the area of action of the laser beam can be enlarged, so that substances, in particular impurities, can be detached from the workpiece surface in a larger surface area in an effective manner.
  • the above-mentioned object is also at least partially achieved according to the invention by a method for operating the device described above or an embodiment thereof, in which an atmospheric plasma jet is generated with the plasma nozzle, so that it emerges from the nozzle head, in which a laser beam is produced with the laser system is provided so that it emerges from the nozzle head, and in which the nozzle head is rotated about the axis of rotation.
  • the device described above and the method described above can be used, for example, to clean a surface of a workpiece.
  • the nozzle head has a plasma outlet opening from which the plasma jet emerges during operation, and the laser system and the plasma nozzle are arranged and set up relative to one another such that the laser beam emerges from the plasma outlet opening during operation.
  • the laser beam and the plasma beam can strike the workpiece surface to be processed together and thus, for example, an effective and direct conversion of the surface particles removed by the laser beam can be achieved by the plasma beam.
  • This enables effective cleaning of the surface in a simple manner.
  • the nozzle head can be structurally simplified since a common plasma outlet opening can be provided for the plasma jet and the laser beam.
  • the laser system is set up to continuously vary the beam direction of the laser beam in such a way that the position of the laser beam in the cross section of the plasma exit opening or the laser exit opening changes continuously.
  • the direction of the laser beam is varied continuously in such a way that the position of the laser beam in the cross section of the plasma exit opening or the laser exit opening changes continuously. In this way, the area treated by the laser beam on the surface of the workpiece can be increased.
  • a continuous variation is understood to mean that the beam direction of the laser beam is continuously changed.
  • the laser system can, for example, have mirror optics with a movable mirror, by means of which the beam direction of the laser beam can be varied.
  • the laser system preferably varies the beam direction of the laser beam cyclically, for example in such a way that the position of the laser beam in the cross section of the plasma exit opening or laser exit opening moves back and forth on a line or moves on a circle.
  • the nozzle head has a plasma outlet opening, from which the plasma jet emerges during operation, and a laser outlet opening separate from the plasma outlet opening, and the laser system and the plasma nozzle are arranged and set up relative to one another in such a way that the laser beam emerges from the laser outlet opening during operation.
  • the plasma jet By providing a laser exit opening that is separate from the plasma exit opening, greater flexibility in the interaction of plasma jet and laser beam can be achieved. For example, it is possible in this way to have the plasma jet impinge on a point on the workpiece surface to be machined, spatially offset from the laser beam. Among other things, it can be taken into account that the material removed by the laser beam is distributed in a preferred direction with a time delay after the action of the laser beam. The plasma jet can then be flexibly aligned accordingly.
  • the interaction of the plasma beam with the laser beam can be reduced in this way if necessary.
  • a negative influence on the intensity of the laser beam by the plasma jet, in particular absorption of the laser beam can be reduced or even avoided.
  • more intensity of the laser beam can be applied to the surface to be processed.
  • a reduced interaction also advantageously leads to less laser stray light and an improved ability to focus the laser beam on the workpiece surface.
  • An at least partial laser channel can be provided in the nozzle head, which leads to the laser exit opening. In this way, the laser beam can be protected from external interference and an expansion of the laser beam can be avoided.
  • the laser exit opening has a smaller cross-sectional area than the plasma exit opening.
  • a channel leading to the laser exit opening has a smaller cross-sectional area than a plasma channel leading to the plasma exit opening. In this way, the proportion of a part of the plasma jet that emerges unintentionally from the laser exit opening can be reduced.
  • the ratio of the cross-sectional area is the
  • plasma outlet opening to the cross-sectional area of the laser outlet opening and/or the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the plasma channel leading to the plasma outlet opening to the cross-sectional area of the channel leading to the laser outlet opening is at least two, preferably at least four.
  • the cross-sectional area of the plasma outlet opening can be in the range from 7 to 100 mm 2 , for example.
  • the cross-sectional area of the laser exit opening can be, for example, in the range from 0.2 to 20 mm 2 , preferably 0.2 to 7 mm 2 .
  • the laser exit opening can also have a cross-sectional area that is the same size or larger than the plasma exit opening, for example if the laser system varies the beam direction of the laser beam in such a way that the position of the laser beam in the cross section of the laser exit opening moves, for example moving back and forth on a line or up moved in a circle.
  • the laser beam emerging from the nozzle head runs through the axis of rotation.
  • the structural complexity of the device can be reduced, since co-rotating elements of the laser system can be partially or completely dispensed with.
  • the nozzle head has a laser exit opening, this can be achieved in particular by the axis of rotation running through the laser exit opening.
  • the nozzle head have a Plasma outlet opening through which the laser beam exits from the nozzle head, this can be achieved in particular in that the axis of rotation runs through the plasma outlet opening.
  • the plasma nozzle has a housing with a housing axis and the axis of rotation coincides with the housing axis.
  • the plasma nozzle has a housing with a housing axis and the axis of rotation runs offset parallel to the housing axis. In this way, a greater distance can be achieved between a plasma outlet opening and/or laser outlet opening provided on the nozzle head and the axis of rotation, so that the effective area of the plasma jet and/or the laser beam is increased.
  • the housing axis runs through the laser exit opening.
  • the plasma nozzle can have a hollow electrode through which the laser beam can be guided.
  • the hollow electrode preferably runs along the housing axis.
  • the hollow electrode can also be offset from the housing axis in order to allow the laser beam to emerge from the nozzle head offset parallel to the housing axis. This allows increased flexibility with respect to the construction of the device.
  • the laser beam emerges from the nozzle head, in particular from the plasma outlet opening or from the laser outlet opening, at an angle to the axis of rotation.
  • the housing axis can run at an angle to the axis of rotation, run parallel to it or coincide with it.
  • the laser system and the plasma nozzle are arranged and set up relative to one another in such a way that the laser beam emerges from the nozzle head at an angle to the axis of rotation.
  • the housing axis runs through the plasma exit opening. This enables a simpler, preferably highly rotationally symmetrical, construction of the device.
  • the device has a further plasma nozzle set up to generate a further atmospheric plasma jet with a further nozzle head, from which a plasma jet generated in the further plasma nozzle emerges during operation, the nozzle head and the further nozzle head being rotatable together about the axis of rotation.
  • the workpiece surface can be treated with several plasma nozzles at the same time. This allows a larger surface area to be treated or a given surface area to be treated more quickly.
  • the plasma nozzle and the further plasma nozzle preferably have a respective housing axis which is at a distance from the axis of rotation or runs obliquely thereto. In this way, the effective area of the plasma jet and the additional plasma jet and/or the laser beam is significantly enlarged.
  • the nozzle head and the additional nozzle head or the plasma nozzle and the additional plasma nozzle are preferably connected to one another in a torsionally rigid manner. More preferably, the nozzle head and the additional nozzle head or the plasma nozzle and the additional plasma nozzle are arranged opposite one another with respect to the axis of rotation. In this way, an imbalance during rotation around the axis of rotation can be reduced.
  • a common rotary drive for rotation about the axis of rotation is preferably provided for the nozzle head and the additional nozzle head or the plasma nozzle and the additional plasma nozzle. This allows the device to be constructed in a cost-effective and reliable manner.
  • the further nozzle head preferably has a plasma outlet opening, from which the further plasma jet emerges during operation.
  • the axis of rotation preferably runs obliquely and/or offset to the plasma jet emerging from the nozzle head during operation.
  • the plasma jet and the further plasma jet can be directed inwards, ie towards the axis of rotation, or outwards, ie away from the axis of rotation. In this way, the intensity of the effect of the plasma jets can be increased.
  • one of the plasma jet and the further plasma jet is directed inwards and the respective other one is directed outwards. In this way, the effective area of the plasma jets can be increased.
  • the laser system, the plasma nozzle and the further plasma nozzle are arranged and set up in relation to one another such that the laser beam emerges both from the nozzle head and from the further nozzle head during operation.
  • a beam splitter can be provided for this purpose, for example, which is set up and arranged to split a laser beam provided by the laser system into two or more partial beams.
  • a beam splitter can in particular one or more optical elements, in particular optically diffractive elements such as lenses, fiber optic beam splitter or semi-transparent mirrors are used.
  • the laser system can have a light-guiding system that directs one or more partial beams of the laser beam to the nozzle head and one or more further partial beams of the laser beam to the further nozzle head.
  • the laser system and the further plasma nozzle can be arranged and set up in relation to one another in such a way that the laser beam emerges from a plasma outlet opening of the further nozzle head during operation.
  • the laser system and the additional plasma nozzle can also be arranged and set up relative to one another in such a way that the laser beam emerges during operation from a laser exit opening of the additional nozzle head that is separate from the plasma exit opening. Essentially the same advantages result for these configurations as have already been described above for the plasma exit opening or the laser exit opening of the one plasma nozzle.
  • the device has a further laser system for providing a further laser beam, the further laser system and the further plasma nozzle being arranged and set up relative to one another such that the further laser beam emerges from the further nozzle head during operation.
  • the complexity of the respective laser systems can be reduced since, for example, beam splitters or complicated beam guides can be dispensed with.
  • this embodiment allows the use of laser beams with different parameters, for example different intensities or wavelengths, so that more flexible processing of the workpiece surface is made possible. For example, it is possible in this way to more effectively remove different types of contaminants, which are easier to remove, for example, by radiation of different wavelengths, on the workpiece surface.
  • the additional laser system can include optical elements, for example lenses or mirrors, for aligning and/or focusing the additional laser beam onto the workpiece surface.
  • the device has a rotary drive that is set up to rotate the nozzle head and/or the additional nozzle head about the axis of rotation.
  • the rotation of the nozzle head can be controlled in a targeted manner, preferably with a predeterminable rotation frequency.
  • the rotation frequency is preferably in the range of 100 to 5000 rpm, more preferably 500 to 3500 rpm. At these rotational frequencies, a particularly uniform effect of the plasma and/or laser beam can be achieved.
  • the rotary drive can be set up to rotate the nozzle head about the axis of rotation relative to the remaining part of the plasma nozzle and/or to rotate the additional nozzle head about the axis of rotation relative to the remaining part of the additional plasma nozzle.
  • the rotary drive can be set up to rotate part of the plasma nozzle or the entire plasma nozzle together with the nozzle head around the axis of rotation and/or to rotate part of the plasma nozzle or the entire plasma nozzle together with the nozzle head around the axis of rotation.
  • a rotary drive configured to rotate the nozzle head and/or the plasma nozzle and a further rotary drive configured to rotate the additional nozzle head and/or the additional plasma nozzle are provided.
  • the laser system is set up to guide the laser beam at least in sections along the axis of rotation.
  • the laser beam along the axis of rotation in the system of the Axis of rotation rotating components of the device ie the nozzle head, possibly the rest of the plasma nozzle and possibly other rotating components of the device, are coupled, so that the provision of the laser beam, in particular by a laser source can be done outside the system of rotating components of the device. In particular, in this way it is not necessary for the laser source to rotate with the nozzle head.
  • the device can have one or more mirrors rotating with the nozzle head in a torsionally rigid manner, via which the laser beam is guided from its section-wise course along the axis of rotation to the nozzle head.
  • the plasma nozzle is set up to generate the atmospheric plasma jet by means of an arc-like discharge in a working gas, the arc-like discharge preferably being generated by applying a high-frequency high voltage between electrodes.
  • a plasma jet can be generated that can be well focused and is well suited for the conversion or decomposition of substances detached from a surface.
  • a plasma jet generated in this way especially when using a high-frequency high voltage, has a relatively low temperature just a few centimeters after exiting the plasma nozzle, so that damage to the workpiece surface by the plasma jet can be prevented.
  • a low temperature of the plasma jet can be achieved by a pulsed plasma operation.
  • the high-frequency high voltage for generating a high-frequency arc-like discharge can, for example, have a voltage strength in the range of 1-100 kV, preferably 1-50 kV, more preferably 1-10 kV, and a frequency of 1-300 kHz, in particular 1-100 kHz. preferably 10 - 100 kHz, more preferably 10 - 50 kHz.
  • the device has a
  • Control device that is adapted to the device accordingly the method described above or one of the described embodiments thereof.
  • the control device can have, for example, at least one processor and a memory with instructions whose execution on the at least one processor causes the device to be controlled in accordance with the method or an embodiment thereof.
  • the control device can be set up to regulate the device, for example to regulate the rotational frequency.
  • 1a-c a first exemplary embodiment of the device and the method for processing a surface of a workpiece with a laser beam
  • FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the device and the method for processing a surface of a workpiece with a laser beam
  • FIG. 3 shows a third exemplary embodiment of the device and the method for processing a surface of a workpiece with a laser beam
  • FIG. 4 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of the device and the method for processing a surface of a workpiece with a laser beam
  • 5 shows a fifth embodiment of the device and the method for processing a surface of a workpiece with a laser beam
  • 6 shows a sixth exemplary embodiment of the device and the method for processing a surface of a workpiece with a laser beam.
  • FIG. 1a-c show a first exemplary embodiment of the device and the method in a schematic representation.
  • FIG. 1a shows a schematic sectional view from the side and
  • FIG. 1b shows an enlarged view of the section of FIG. 1a labeled 1b.
  • Fig. 1c shows a view of the nozzle head of the device from below.
  • the device 2 for processing a surface 4 of a workpiece 6 with a laser beam 8 comprises a plasma nozzle 14 set up to generate a plasma jet 16.
  • the plasma nozzle 14 has a tubular housing 50 made of metal, which in its upper region in the drawing widens in diameter and is rotatably mounted on a fixed support tube 86 with the aid of a bearing 80 and forms a nozzle tube 18 in its lower region in the drawing.
  • the housing 50 has a housing axis G which runs centrally through the nozzle tube 18 .
  • a nozzle channel 88 is formed, which leads from the upwardly open end of the support tube 86 to an exchangeable nozzle head 22, which is mounted on the lower end of the nozzle tube 18 in the drawing.
  • the nozzle head 22 is made of metal and has an external thread 23 with which the nozzle head 22 is screwed into an internal thread 10 of the nozzle tube 50 .
  • the nozzle head 22 also has a plasma channel 54, which leads to a plasma outlet opening 24, from which the plasma jet 16 generated in the plasma nozzle 14 emerges during operation.
  • An electrically insulating ceramic tube 40 is inserted into the support tube 86 .
  • a working gas for example air
  • the working gas is wired with the aid of a twisting device 32 inserted into the ceramic tube 40 with bores 34 inclined in the circumferential direction such that it flows in a turbulent manner through the nozzle channel 88 to the nozzle head 22 .
  • the downstream part of the nozzle tube 18 is therefore flowed through by the working gas in the form of a vortex 36, the core of which runs on the longitudinal axis of the nozzle tube 18.
  • An inner electrode 38 in the form of a pin-shaped hollow electrode is mounted on the twisting device 32 and extends coaxially in the nozzle tube 18 in the direction of the nozzle head 22 and has an inner channel 68 .
  • the inner electrode 38 is electrically connected to the twisting device 32 .
  • the swirl device 32 is electrically insulated from the nozzle tube 18 by a ceramic tube 40 .
  • the nozzle tube 18 is grounded via the bearing 80 and the support tube 86 and forms a counter-electrode.
  • a high-frequency high voltage which is generated by a transformer 44, is applied between the inner electrode 38 and the nozzle tube 18 acting as a counter-electrode.
  • the high-frequency high voltage can have a voltage strength in the range of 1-100 kV, preferably 1-50 kV, more preferably 1-10 kV, and a frequency of 1-300 kHz, especially 1-100 kHz, preferably 10-100 kHz, more preferably 10 - 50 kHz.
  • the high-frequency high voltage can be a high-frequency AC voltage, but also a pulsed DC voltage or a superimposition of both voltage forms.
  • a high-frequency discharge in the form of an arc 48 is generated between the inner electrode 38 and the nozzle tube 18 by the high-frequency high voltage.
  • arc and "arc discharge” are used here as a phenomenological description of the discharge, since the discharge occurs in the form of an arc.
  • arc is also used elsewhere as a form of discharge in DC voltage discharges with essentially constant voltage values. In the present case, however, it is a high-frequency discharge in the form of an arc, ie a high-frequency arc discharge.
  • this arc 48 is channeled in the vortex core on the axis of the nozzle tube 18, so that it is only in one lower, tapering area 20 of the nozzle tube branches at the transition to the nozzle head 22 to the wall of the nozzle tube 18.
  • the working gas which rotates at a high flow rate in the area of the vortex core and thus in the immediate vicinity of the arc 48, comes into intimate contact with the arc 48 and is thereby partially converted into the plasma state, so that an atmospheric plasma jet 16 flows into the plasma channel 54 of the Nozzle head 22 arrives and emerges from the plasma outlet opening 24 from the plasma nozzle.
  • the plasma nozzle 14 can be rotated about an axis of rotation R as a result of the rotatable mounting on the support tube 86 .
  • the axis of rotation R coincides with the housing axis G of the plasma nozzle 14 in the device 2 .
  • the plasma channel 54 of the nozzle head 22 is shaped in such a way that the plasma jet 16 emerges from the plasma outlet opening 24 at an angle ⁇ to the housing axis G and thus to the axis of rotation R. Furthermore, the plasma outlet opening 24 is positioned in such a way that the plasma jet 16 emerges from the plasma outlet opening 24 offset to the axis of rotation R. In this way, the axis of rotation R runs obliquely and offset to the plasma jet 16 emerging from the nozzle head 22 during operation.
  • the angle ⁇ can be varied as required.
  • a nozzle head can also be selected in which the plasma jet 16 emerges from the plasma outlet opening 24 parallel and offset to the axis of rotation R.
  • a rotary drive 92 is provided, which can include, for example, a motor 90 with a gear 70 that meshes with an external gear 94 arranged on the housing 50 .
  • the obliquely emerging from the plasma outlet opening 24 plasma jet 16 sweeps through the Rotation about the axis of rotation R creates a circular area on the workpiece surface 4, which can be superimposed to form a strip-shaped area on the workpiece surface 4 during a relative movement between the plasma nozzle 16 and the workpiece surface 4.
  • the device 2 also has a laser system 12 with a laser source 62, which can be arranged above the plasma nozzle 14, for example.
  • the laser source 62 provides a laser beam 8 ready.
  • the device 2 can also have a light guide, for example, which is connected to an external laser source.
  • Lens optics 66 and/or mirrors 67 can be provided, which are arranged and set up in such a way that the laser beam 8 generated by the laser source 62 is guided into the inner channel 68 of the hollow electrode 38 .
  • the laser beam 8 passes through the inner channel 68 and after emerging from the inner channel 68 the lower part of the nozzle channel 88 into a laser channel 82 provided in the nozzle head 22 and aligned with the inner channel 68 of the hollow electrode 38, which opens into a laser exit opening 84 through which the laser beam 8 emerges from the nozzle head 22.
  • the housing axis G and the axis of rotation R run through the laser exit opening 84.
  • the laser source 62 is arranged in such a way that it remains at rest when the plasma nozzle 14 rotates, i.e. it does not rotate with it. In this way, a structurally simple and reliable device is provided.
  • the mirror 67 can, for example, be designed as a continuously pivoting mirror in order to continuously vary the beam direction of the laser beam so that the position of the laser beam in the cross section of the laser exit opening changes continuously, for example back and forth or on a circular path. In this way, the laser beam can act on a larger area of the surface 4 .
  • the laser beam 8 and the plasma jet 16 emerge from the nozzle head 22 through the laser outlet opening 84 or the plasma outlet opening 24 and reach the surface 4 of the workpiece 6.
  • the workpiece surface 4 is processed by the impinging laser beam 8 at the point 72 by material such as an impurity 74 on the surface 4 is removed, for example evaporated, by the laser beam 8 .
  • the material 76 vaporized by the laser beam 8 is decomposed or converted by the plasma jet 16 so that it cannot be deposited on the surface 4 again. In this way, organic contamination in particular can be removed from a surface 4 since the organic material removed by the laser beam 8 is decomposed and oxidized by the plasma jet 16 .
  • the laser beam 8 typically has a diameter of less than 1 mm.
  • the cross-sectional area 114 of the plasma exit opening 24 can therefore be larger than the cross-sectional area 118 of the laser exit opening 84, for example by a factor of four or more.
  • the laser exit opening 84 as shown in FIGS.
  • the laser spot on the workpiece surface 4 is surrounded by a plasma ring, so that material 76 removed by the laser beam 8 can be captured and converted by the plasma jet 16 as completely as possible. Furthermore, the relative movement between the plasma nozzle 14 and the surface 4 has the effect that the plasma beam 16 also subsequently sweeps over the area of the laser spot and can therefore convert or decompose material remaining directly in the area of the laser spot. If the device 2 or the plasma nozzle 14 is moved along the surface 4 of the workpiece 6 or, conversely, the workpiece 6 is attached to the device 2 or
  • the width of the swept area can be influenced by varying the distance between the nozzle head 22 and the workpiece 6 .
  • the apparatus 2 may further include a controller 96 which is preferably connected to the rotary drive 92 and the laser source 62 and to the transformer 44 and the working gas source (not shown) via communication links 98 .
  • a controller 96 which is preferably connected to the rotary drive 92 and the laser source 62 and to the transformer 44 and the working gas source (not shown) via communication links 98 .
  • the supply of working gas, the provision of the laser beam 8 and the plasma jet 16 and the rotation of the nozzle head 22 can be controlled by means of the control device 96 .
  • the rotational speed can be adapted to the working gas supply, for example, or the intensity of the laser beam 8 can be easily varied via the control device 96 depending on the surface 4 to be machined.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the device and the method in a schematic sectional view from the side.
  • the device 302 has a similar structure to the device 2. Corresponding components are provided with the same reference numbers and reference is made to the above explanations for FIGS. 1a-c.
  • the device 302 differs from the device 2 in that the axis of rotation R does not coincide with the axis G of the housing but runs offset parallel thereto.
  • the tubular housing 50 of the plasma nozzle 302 is not mounted on a support tube 86 via a bearing 80, but is torsionally rigid with it connected to a rotation arm 304 which can be rotated about the rotation axis R by means of a rotary drive 306 .
  • a counterweight 308 is provided on the side of the rotary arm 304 opposite the plasma nozzle 14 to prevent imbalance.
  • the ceramic tube 40 with the twisting device 32 is inserted directly into the tubular housing 50 in the device 302 .
  • the device 302 has a nozzle head 322 with a plasma outlet opening 24 which is arranged centrally on the nozzle head 22 such that the housing axis G of the housing 50 runs through the plasma outlet opening 24 .
  • the plasma jet 16 generated in the plasma nozzle 14 and the laser beam 8 introduced into the hollow electrode 38 by the laser system 12 emerge together through the plasma outlet opening 24 from the nozzle head 322 .
  • the axis of rotation R is correspondingly offset relative to the plasma jet 16 and laser beam 8 emerging from the nozzle head 322 .
  • FIG 3 shows a third exemplary embodiment of the device and the method in a schematic sectional view from the side.
  • the device 402 has a structure similar to that of the device 302. Corresponding components are provided with the same reference symbols and reference is made to the above statements relating to FIGS. 2 and 1a-c.
  • Device 402 differs from device 302 in that a further plasma nozzle 14' is provided for generating a further plasma jet 16'.
  • the structure and function of the plasma nozzle 14' correspond to the structure and function of the plasma nozzle 14.
  • the plasma nozzle 16 and the further plasma nozzle 16 ′ are mounted on opposite sides of the rotary arm 304 .
  • a counterweight 308 can be dispensed with.
  • the laser system 12 is arranged and set up in such a way that the laser beam 8 emerges from the respective nozzle heads 22, 22' of the plasma nozzles 14 and 14' during operation.
  • the laser system 12 includes a light guide system 408 with a beam splitter 410 in the form of a semi-transparent mirror and other optical elements such as mirrors 411, with which the partial beams 414, 414' generated with the beam splitter 410 are guided to the nozzle heads 22, 22'.
  • FIG. 4 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of the device and the method in a schematic sectional view from the side.
  • the device 502 has a structure similar to that of the device 402. Corresponding components are provided with the same reference symbols and reference is made to the above statements relating to FIGS. 3, 2 and 1a-c.
  • the device 502 differs from the device 402 in that the laser beam 8 is coupled in along the axis of rotation R. In this way it is not necessary to rotate the laser source 62 of the laser system 12 as well.
  • the device 502 further differs from the device 402 by a different light guide system 508 instead of the light guide system 408.
  • the light guide system 508 has light guides 510 in the form of glass fibers, with which the laser beam 8 from the laser source 12 via a beam splitter 512 to optical elements 514, 514', with which the respective partial beams 414, 414' of the laser beam 8 are decoupled from the light guides and guided through the plasma nozzles 14, 14' to the nozzle heads 22, 22', from which they are emitted together with the respective plasma beam 16, 16 ' exit.
  • FIG. 5 shows a fifth exemplary embodiment of the device and the method in a schematic sectional view from the side.
  • Device 602 has a similar structure to device 402.
  • Device 602 differs from device 402 in that, in addition to laser system 12, a further laser system 12' with a further laser source 62' is provided and that laser system 12 and the further laser system 12' are each arranged and set up in such a way that the respective Laser beam 8, 8' exits from the respective nozzle head 22, 22'.
  • the device 602 accordingly has a respective laser system 12, 12' for the plasma nozzle 14 and the further plasma nozzle 14'. In this way, for example, two laser beams 8, 8' that differ in their optical properties can be provided for processing the surface 4.
  • FIG. 6 shows a sixth exemplary embodiment of the device and the method in a schematic sectional view from the side.
  • the device 802 has a similar structure to the device 402. Corresponding components are provided with the same reference symbols and reference is made to the above statements relating to FIGS. 3, 2 and 1a-c.
  • the device 802 differs from the device 402 in that the laser beam 8 is coupled in along the axis of rotation R. In this way it is not necessary to rotate the laser source 62 of the laser system 12 as well.
  • the laser system 12 has a light guide system 808 with optical elements such as Mirrors 811, 411, with which the laser beam 8 is directed to the nozzle head 22'.
  • the mirrors 811, 411 rotate together with the plasma nozzle 14' about the axis of rotation R, so that the laser beam 12 is guided to the nozzle head 22' at every angular position.
  • FIG. 8 shows an embodiment in which the laser beam 8 exits only from the nozzle head 22'.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif (2, 302, 402, 502, 602, 802) de traitement d'une surface (4) d'une pièce à usiner (6) à l'aide d'un faisceau laser (8, 8'), comprenant un système laser (12, 12') pour fournir le faisceau laser (8, 8') et une buse à plasma (14, 14'), qui est conçue pour générer un faisceau de plasma atmosphérique (16, 16'). La buse à plasma (14, 14') présente une tête de buse (22, 22') à partir de laquelle un faisceau de plasma (16, 16') généré dans la buse à plasma (14, 14') sort pendant le fonctionnement ; le système laser (12, 12') et la buse à plasma (14, 14') sont disposés l'un par rapport à l'autre et conçus de telle sorte que le faisceau laser (8, 8') sort de la tête de buse (22, 22') de la buse à plasma (14, 14') pendant le fonctionnement ; et la tête de buse (22, 22') peut tourner autour d'un axe de rotation (R), qui s'étend d'une manière oblique et/ou décalée par rapport au faisceau de plasma (16, 16') sortant de la tête de buse (22, 22') pendant le fonctionnement et/ou par rapport au faisceau laser (8, 8') sortant de la tête de buse (22, 22') pendant le fonctionnement. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de fonctionnement d'un dispositif de ce type.
EP22821919.2A 2021-11-22 2022-11-22 Dispositif de traitement d'une surface d'une pièce à usiner à l'aide d'une combinaison d'un faisceau de plasma atmosphérique et d'un faisceau laser Withdrawn EP4436743A1 (fr)

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DE102021130466.0A DE102021130466A1 (de) 2021-11-22 2021-11-22 Vorrichtung zur bearbeitung einer oberfläche eines werkstücks mit einem laserstrahl
PCT/EP2022/082802 WO2023089194A1 (fr) 2021-11-22 2022-11-22 Dispositif de traitement d'une surface d'une pièce à usiner à l'aide d'une combinaison d'un faisceau de plasma atmosphérique et d'un faisceau laser

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JP (1) JP2024545487A (fr)
KR (1) KR20240110636A (fr)
CN (1) CN118369177A (fr)
DE (1) DE102021130466A1 (fr)
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DE102023136139A1 (de) * 2023-12-20 2025-06-26 TRUMPF Werkzeugmaschinen SE + Co. KG Düsenwechselkupplung mit einem Hubmotor und einem Drehmotor sowie ein Verfahren zum Bewegen einer Düsenwechselkupplung

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JP3034380B2 (ja) 1992-06-17 2000-04-17 株式会社アマダ 熱切断加工装置の加工ヘッド
US5705785A (en) 1994-12-30 1998-01-06 Plasma-Laser Technologies Ltd Combined laser and plasma arc welding torch
JP3392683B2 (ja) * 1997-02-10 2003-03-31 三菱重工業株式会社 レーザ加工ヘッド
DE102008056278A1 (de) 2008-10-25 2010-04-29 Kjellberg Finsterwalde Plasma Und Maschinen Gmbh System zur thermischen Bearbeitung von Werkstücken
CN101754563B (zh) * 2008-12-22 2012-10-10 财团法人工业技术研究院 壳体及应用其的喷射式等离子体系统
CN101631416B (zh) * 2009-07-30 2013-01-09 任兆杏 空气等离子射流大面积表面处理装置
CN101778525B (zh) * 2010-01-22 2012-06-06 芜湖荣事达塑胶有限责任公司 气动旋转空气等离子射流源
JP2013202689A (ja) * 2012-03-29 2013-10-07 Nagoya Univ レーザー加工方法、レーザー加工装置、およびレーザー加工装置に用いられる大気圧プラズマ装置
US10328513B2 (en) 2013-05-31 2019-06-25 General Electric Company Welding process, welding system, and welded article
TW201709775A (zh) * 2015-08-25 2017-03-01 馗鼎奈米科技股份有限公司 電弧式大氣電漿裝置
DE112017002010A5 (de) 2016-04-14 2019-01-24 Plasmatreat Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Bearbeitung einer Oberfläche eines Werkstücks mit einem Laserstrahl und Verfahren zum Betrieb der Vorrichtung
DE102016106960A1 (de) * 2016-04-14 2017-10-19 Plasmatreat Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Bearbeitung einer Oberfläche eines Werkstücks mit einem Laserstrahl und Verfahren zum Betrieb der Vorrichtung

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DE102021130466A1 (de) 2023-05-25
WO2023089194A1 (fr) 2023-05-25
CN118369177A (zh) 2024-07-19
JP2024545487A (ja) 2024-12-09
KR20240110636A (ko) 2024-07-15

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