EP4445016A1 - Turbine à axe vertical pour aérogénérateur - Google Patents

Turbine à axe vertical pour aérogénérateur

Info

Publication number
EP4445016A1
EP4445016A1 EP22829853.5A EP22829853A EP4445016A1 EP 4445016 A1 EP4445016 A1 EP 4445016A1 EP 22829853 A EP22829853 A EP 22829853A EP 4445016 A1 EP4445016 A1 EP 4445016A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turbine
wind
fact
rotor
blade
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP22829853.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Romeo VERGNANI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Protek SRL
Original Assignee
Protek SRL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Protek SRL filed Critical Protek SRL
Publication of EP4445016A1 publication Critical patent/EP4445016A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D3/066—Rotors characterised by their construction elements the wind engaging parts being movable relative to the rotor
    • F03D3/067—Cyclic movements
    • F03D3/068—Cyclic movements mechanically controlled by the rotor structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/218—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis with horizontally hinged vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/50—Kinematic linkage, i.e. transmission of position
    • F05B2260/506—Kinematic linkage, i.e. transmission of position using cams or eccentrics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vertical axis turbine for wind generator.
  • wind generators are used to convert the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy.
  • wind generators comprise a turbine provided with a so-called rotor with which a plurality of blades is associated.
  • the rotor is connected to an electric generator capable of converting the rotation of the rotor into electrical energy.
  • Vertical axis wind turbines differ from horizontal axis wind turbines by the fact that they allow any direction of the wind to be exploited, without the need to direct the axis of rotation of the rotor. Consequently, vertical axis turbines require fewer moving parts than horizontal axis turbines, which results in their greater durability and resistance of the same to strong wind gusts.
  • Savonius turbines are provided with blades that have a semi-cylindrical conformation which is able to increase wind resistance when in tail wind and to decrease it when, on the other hand, they are against the wind.
  • each blade has a concave inner surface to increase its grip on the wind and an outer surface made convex to cut the wind.
  • the concave surface is downwind so as to increase the positive moment transmitted by the wind to the blade.
  • the convex surface is downwind to cut the wind and to decrease the negative moment transmitted by the wind to the blade.
  • Darrieus turbines on the other hand, have a large number of blades arranged vertically and provided with a linear or curvilinear aerodynamic profile such that they can take advantage of the wind during the downwind stretch and cut it during the upwind stretch.
  • the main aim of the present invention is to devise a vertical axis turbine for wind generator which allows minimizing the negative moment transmitted by the wind to the blades in order to maintain a substantially constant torque.
  • Another object of the present invention is to devise a vertical axis turbine for wind generator which allows making maximum use of the kinetic energy of the wind, regardless of wind direction.
  • Another object of the present invention is to devise a vertical axis turbine for wind generator that can overcome the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art within the framework of a simple, rational, easy and efficient to use as well as cost-effective solution.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a vertical axis turbine for wind generator in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG 2 is a detailed view of the turbine adjustment means of Figure 1
  • Figure 3 is a detailed view of the turbine positioning means of Figure 1
  • Figure 4 is a view of the turbine bedplate of Figure 1 ,
  • Figure 5 is a detailed view of the supporting element and of the guiding element
  • FIGS 6 and 7 are views from above of the turbine in Figure 1.
  • reference numeral 1 globally denotes a vertical axis turbine for wind generator.
  • the turbine 1 is positionable resting on the ground to be struck by a stream of wind in order to transform the kinetic energy of the latter into a rotary motion of a rotor 3.
  • the turbine 1 is connected to an electric generator which is able to transform the rotary motion of the rotor 3 into electrical energy.
  • the turbine 1 comprises at least one vertical supporting mast 2.
  • the supporting mast 2 mainly extends along its own longitudinal direction.
  • the supporting mast 2 is arranged resting on the ground and extends transversely to the latter.
  • the terms “upper” and “lower”, “vertical” and “horizontal”, used with reference to the turbine 1, are intended to refer to the conditions under which the turbine 1 is normally used, i.e., those wherein it is arranged resting on the ground.
  • the supporting mast 2 is rotating around its own axis of revolution.
  • the supporting mast 2 has a substantially circular cross section.
  • the turbine 1 is also provided with a bedplate 4 intended to be arranged resting on the ground and adapted to hold the supporting mast 2.
  • the bedplate 4 comprises a fifth wheel 5 adapted to hold the supporting mast 2 in a rotatable manner.
  • the turbine 1 is provided with at least one rotor 3 associated with the supporting mast 2 and rotating around an axis of rotation XI.
  • the axis of rotation XI is substantially parallel to the axis of revolution X2 of the supporting mast 2. Even more preferably, the axis of rotation XI is substantially coincident with the axis of revolution X2.
  • the rotor 3 has a substantially circular cross section and is arranged coaxially with the supporting mast 2. In other words, the rotor 3 and the supporting mast 2 are substantially concentric to each other.
  • the rotor 3 is adapted to rotate according to only one predefined direction of rotation. Even more preferably, that predefined direction of rotation is counterclockwise.
  • the terms “counterclockwise” and “clockwise” used with reference to the rotation of the supporting mast 2 are meant to refer to the direction of rotation of the turbine 1 with respect to an observer looking at the turbine 1 from above.
  • the turbine 1 is operatively connected to an electric generator capable of transforming the rotary motion of the rotor 3 into electric current.
  • the electric generator is arranged at the bedplate 4, thus promoting assembly, maintenance and safety operations.
  • the turbine 1 comprises at least one blade 6 associated with the rotor 3 and comprising at least one gripping surface 7.
  • the blade 6 is intended to be struck by a stream of wind along a direction of propagation VI to rotate the rotor 3.
  • the blade 6 is locked together with the rotor 3 to rotate with the latter around the axis of rotation XI.
  • the stream of wind, propagating along the direction of propagation VI intercepts the gripping surface 7 of the blade 6, transferring part of its kinetic energy thereto so as to rotate the blade 6 and the rotor 3 therewith.
  • the turbine 1 comprises adjustment means 8 for adjusting the orientation of the gripping surface 7 depending on the direction of propagation VI of the stream of wind.
  • the adjustment means 8 are configured to increase or to decrease the gripping surface 7 exposed to the wind depending on the positioning of the blade 6 with respect to the direction of propagation V 1 of the wind.
  • the gripping surface 7 is movable, due to the thrust applied by the stream of wind onto the gripping surface 7, between: a gripping position wherein the gripping surface 7 is arranged substantially parallel to the axis of rotation XI ; and a release/recovery position wherein the gripping surface 7 is arranged substantially transverse to the axis of rotation XI.
  • the gripping surface 7 in the gripping position, is arranged substantially vertically; on the other hand, in the release/recovery position, the gripping surface 7 is arranged substantially horizontally.
  • This expedient allows the blade 6 to be arranged in the gripping position or in the release/recovery position depending on whether the blade 6 is rotating downwind or upwind with respect to the direction of propagation of the stream of wind in order to maximize the efficiency of the turbine 1.
  • downwind and upwind refer to the direction of movement of the blade 6, during its rotation around the axis of rotation XI, with respect to the direction of wind propagation. Specifically, “downwind” indicates that the blade 6 is moved in the same direction as the direction of wind propagation. Whereas, “upwind” indicates that the blade 6 is moved in a direction opposite to the direction of wind propagation.
  • the blade 6 is arranged in the gripping position when it is downwind, while it is arranged in the release/recovery position when it is upwind.
  • the gripping surface 7 in the gripping position the gripping surface 7 is in the upwind position with respect to the direction of propagation VI of the stream of wind and, in the release position, the gripping surface 7 is in the downwind position with respect to the direction of propagation VI of the stream of wind.
  • upwind and downwind are meant to indicate the positioning of the gripping surface 7 with respect to the wind during the rotation thereof around the axis of rotation XI: the gripping surface 7 is upwind when it faces the wind, i.e., it is in the tail wind, while it is downwind when it is hidden from the wind, i.e., it is against the wind.
  • the blade 6 has a frontal surface 7a opposite the gripping surface 7. Specifically, according to the direction of rotation of the blade 6, the frontal surface 7a is placed in front of the gripping surface 7.
  • upwind and downwind refer to the position of the gripping surface 7 with respect to the frontal surface 7a.
  • the blade 6, by rotating around the axis of rotation XI, defines a substantially circular trajectory of work 9 comprising: an opening stretch 9a wherein the blade 6 is moved from the release/recovery position to the gripping position; a forward stretch 9b wherein the blade 6 is in the gripping position, the gripping surface 7 being in the upwind position with respect to the direction of propagation V 1 ; a closing stretch 9c wherein the blade 6 is moved from the gripping position to the release/recovery position; and a return stretch 9d wherein the blade 6 is kept in the release/recovery position, the gripping surface 7 being in the downwind position with respect to the direction of propagation V 1.
  • the opening stretch 9a has an angular extension of between 50° and 80°, preferably 60°.
  • the forward stretch 9b has an angular extension of between 50° and 80°, preferably 60°.
  • the closing stretch 9c has an angular extension of between 50° and 80°, preferably 60°.
  • the return stretch 9d has an angular extension of between 120° and 210°, preferably 180°.
  • angular extension means the angular distance between two points of a circular trajectory, such as e.g. the trajectory of work 9.
  • Such angular distance is measured by the amplitude of the non-concave angle formed by the two rays of the trajectory having the two points of the circular trajectory as extremes.
  • angular distance is expressed in sexagesimal degrees.
  • the blade 6 is hinged to the rotor 3 to rotate around an axis of hinging X3 between the gripping position and the release/recovery position.
  • the axis of hinging X3 is substantially transverse to the axis of rotation XI.
  • the blade 6 has at least one pivot element 10 which is hinged to the rotor 3.
  • the pivot element 10 has a substantially cylindrical configuration and is coupled to the rotor 3 by means of a rotoidal torque.
  • the axis of hinging X3 is substantially parallel to the gripping surface 7. Even more preferably, the axis of hinging X3 passes through a centerline of the gripping surface 7.
  • the blade 6 is thus rotatable by substantially 90° to move the gripping surface 7 between the gripping position, wherein it is arranged substantially parallel to the axis of rotation XI, and the release position, wherein it is arranged transverse to the axis of rotation.
  • the adjustment means 8 are configured to rotate the blade 6 around the axis of hinging X3 between the gripping position and the release/recovery position. Specifically, the adjustment means 8 are configured to arrange the blade 6 in the gripping position when the gripping surface 7 is in the upwind position, and in the release/recovery position when the gripping surface 7 is in the downwind position.
  • the adjustment means 8 are positioned between the supporting mast 2 and the rotor 3. Specifically, the adjustment means 8 are supported by the supporting mast 2 and, during the rotation of the blade 6 and of the rotor 3 around the axis of rotation XI, operate on the blade 6 to rotate it between the gripping position and the release/recovery position.
  • the adjustment means 8 comprise at least one guiding element 11 associated with the supporting mast 2 and at least one carriage element 12 associated with the blade 6 and coupled to the guiding element 11.
  • the carriage element 12 in use, is configured to slide along the guiding element
  • the carriage element 12 comprises at least one bearing 13 adapted to slide along the guiding element 11. Even more preferably, the carriage element
  • the guiding element 11 has a substantially circular ring conformation.
  • the guiding element 11 is arranged substantially concentric to the rotor 3 and/or to the supporting mast 2.
  • the guiding element 11 is arranged in a plane transverse to the axis of rotation XI, that is, in a substantially horizontal plane.
  • the guiding element 11 has a shaped profile 14 configured to allow the passage of the blade 6 from the gripping position to the release position.
  • the carriage element 12 is adapted to slide along at least the shaped profile 14. During such sliding, the conformation of the shaped profile 14 allows the carriage element 12 to move along a direction of activation.
  • the direction of activation is substantially parallel to the axis of rotation XI, that is, it is substantially vertical.
  • the shaped profile 14 is conformed to move the carriage element 12 close to/away from the blade 6.
  • the adjustment means 8 are adapted to rotate the blade 6 as a result of the movement of the carriage element 12 along the direction of activation.
  • the shaped profile 14 comprises at least one activation portion 15 on which the carriage element 12 slides along a direction of activation, the activation portion 15 being configured to allow the blade 6 to make a 90° rotation. Additionally, the shaped profile 14 comprises a return portion 16 on which the carriage element 12 slides along a direction of return, the return portion 16 being configured to allow the blade 6 to make a further rotation of 90°.
  • the carriage element 12 is moved, due to the thrust applied by the stream of wind on the blade 6, along the shaped profile 14 according to a predefined direction of rotation. During such movement, the carriage element 12 runs along the activation portion 15 according to a direction of activation and the return portion 16 according to a direction of return. The conformation of the activation portion 15 and of the return portion 16 is such that the carriage element 12 moves along the direction of activation.
  • the activation portion 15 consecutively comprises at least one first inclined stretch 15a and at least one first linear stretch 15b.
  • the first inclined stretch 15a allows the carriage element 12 to be moved along the direction of activation in order to rotate the blade 6 by substantially 90° to arrange it in the gripping position.
  • the first linear stretch 15b is conformed to keep the carriage element 12 in the gripping position.
  • the return portion 16 consecutively comprises at least one second inclined stretch 16a and at least one second linear stretch 16b.
  • the second inclined stretch 16a allows the carriage element 12 to be moved along the direction of activation in order to rotate the blade 6 by substantially 90° to place it in the release/recovery position.
  • the second linear stretch 16b is conformed to keep the carriage element 12 in the release/recovery position.
  • the inclined stretches 15a, 16a allow the carriage element 12 to be moved close to/away from the blade 6.
  • the linear stretches 15b, 16b allow the carriage element 12 to be kept at a substantially fixed distance.
  • the linear stretches 15b, 16b extend substantially transverse to the axis of rotation XI.
  • the linear stretches 15b, 16b lie on a respective plane that is substantially horizontal.
  • linear stretches 15b, 16b are arranged substantially offset from each other, i.e., they are arranged one closer and the other further away from the blade 6.
  • the sliding of the carriage element 12 along the first inclined stretch 15a, the first linear stretch 15b, the second inclined stretch 16a and the second linear stretch 16b corresponds, respectively, to the movement of the blade 6 along the opening stretch 9a, the forward stretch 9b, the closing stretch 9c and the return stretch 9d.
  • the guiding element 11 is arranged below the blade 6.
  • the first linear stretch 15b is arranged close to the blade 6 and the second linear stretch 16b is arranged away from the blade 6.
  • the first inclined stretch 15a is positioned between the first linear stretch 15b and the second linear stretch 16b, while the second inclined stretch 16a is placed between the second linear stretch 16b and the first linear stretch 15b.
  • the activation portion 15 and the return portion 16 are consecutive to each other.
  • the adjustment means 8 comprise at least one motion transmission assembly 17 of the carriage element 12 to the blade 6.
  • the motion transmission assembly 17 is placed between the carriage element 12 and the blade 6.
  • the motion transmission assembly 17 is coupled to the blade 6 and to the carriage element 12 to rotate with the latter around the axis of rotation XI.
  • the motion transmission assembly 17 is configured to rotate the blade 6 as a result of the sliding of the carriage element 12 on the activation portion 15 and on the return portion 16. In this case, the motion transmission assembly 17 is configured to rotate the blade 6 as a result of the movement of the carriage element 12 along the direction of activation.
  • the motion transmission assembly 17 is configured to transform, by a given kinematic mechanism, the movement of the carriage element 12 along the direction of activation into a rotation of the blade 6 around the axis of hinging X3.
  • the motion transmission assembly 17 comprises at least one gear 18, 19 adapted to transform the motion of the carriage element 12 along the direction of activation into a rotary motion of the blade 6 around the axis of hinging X3.
  • the motion transmission assembly 17 comprises at least one gear wheel 18 coupled to the blade 6, and at least one rack rod 19 meshing on the gear wheel 18.
  • the rack rod 19 is adapted to vertically slide in an alternating manner as a result of the sliding of the carriage element 12 on the shaped profile 14. As a result of such vertical sliding, the rack rod 19 moves the gear wheel 18 in rotation and the blade 6 therewith.
  • the carriage element 12 by sliding on the shaped profile 14, moves the rack rod 19 alternately along the direction of activation. Specifically, during the transition of the carriage element 12 along one of the inclined stretches 15a, 16a, the carriage element 12 varies its distance with respect to the blade 6, moving the rack rod 19 along the direction of activation. In turn, the rack rod 19 meshes with the gear wheel 18, by rotating it around the axis of hinging X3.
  • the gear wheel 18 is rigidly connected to the blade 6 to rotate with the latter.
  • the gear wheel 18 is locked together with the pivot element 10 of the blade 6.
  • the gear wheel 18 is coaxial with the pivot element 10.
  • the rack rod 19 has a substantially elongated shape that extends along its own longitudinal direction substantially parallel to the direction of activation V.
  • the carriage element 12 is rigidly connected to the rack rod 19.
  • the bearings 13 of the carriage element 12 are directly hinged to the rack rod 19.
  • the motion transmission assembly 17 has at least one holding element 20 configured to support the rack rod 19 in a sliding manner along the direction of activation.
  • the holding element 20 is associated with the rotor 3 to rotate with the latter.
  • the holding element 20 is arranged where the blade 6 is rotated.
  • the holding element 20 defines a groove into which the rack rod can be inserted in a sliding manner.
  • the groove extends along a direction substantially parallel to the direction of activation.
  • the groove has a cross section that is complementary in shape to the cross section of the rack rod.
  • the supporting mast 2 is rotatable around the axis of revolution X2 so as to vary the angular position thereof.
  • the turbine 1 comprises positioning means 22 associated with the supporting mast 2 and configured to rotate the supporting mast 2 depending on the direction of propagation VI in order to arrange the supporting mast 2 with a predefined angular position.
  • the positioning means 22 are placed so as to arrange the gripping surface 7 in the gripping position when upwind and in the release/recovery position when downwind.
  • the guiding element 11 is locked together with the supporting mast 2 to rotate with the latter.
  • the positioning means 22 are adapted to rotate the supporting mast 2 in order to arrange the direction of activation in the tail wind and the direction of return against wind, with respect to the direction of propagation VI of the stream of wind.
  • the activation portion 15 and the return portion 16 are arranged so that the movement of the carriage element 12 along the direction of activation and along the direction of return is in the tail wind and against wind, respectively.
  • the adjustment means 8 can operate on the blade 6 so as to arrange it in the gripping position when the gripping surface 7 is upwind, and in the release/recovery position when it is downwind.
  • the positioning means 22, by rotating the supporting mast 2, can arrange the activation portion 15 at the opening and forward stretch, and the return portion 16 at the closing and return stretch. More specifically still, when the supporting mast 2 is arranged at the predefined angular position, the first inclined stretch 15a is arranged at the opening stretch 9a, the first linear stretch 15b is arranged at the forward stretch 9b, the second inclined stretch 16a is arranged at the closing stretch 9c and the second linear stretch 16b is arranged at the return stretch 9d.
  • the positioning means 22 comprise at least one sail element 23 associated with the supporting mast 2 and movable in rotation around the axis of rotation XI.
  • the sail element 23 rotates together with the supporting mast 2 around the axis of rotation XI in order to vary the angular position thereof.
  • the supporting mast 2 rotates freely around the axis of rotation XI.
  • the sail element 23 is configured to rotate depending on the direction of propagation VI, by arranging the supporting mast 2 in the predefined angular position.
  • the sail element 23 is provided with a pair of gripping faces 24a, 24b opposite each other and adapted to grip the stream of wind.
  • the gripping faces 24a, 24b are arranged substantially parallel to each other.
  • the gripping faces 24a, 24b are arranged substantially parallel to the axis of rotation XI.
  • the gripping faces 24a, 24b are substantially parallel to the direction of propagation of the wind.
  • the balance position of the sail element 23 corresponds to the predefined angular position of the supporting mast 2.
  • the gripping faces 24a, 24b lie on a substantially vertical plane passing through the axis of rotation XI. This plane bisects the turbine 1 by defining a first side and a second side.
  • the blade 6 transits the first side it is arranged in the gripping position, i.e., upwind, while when it transits the second side it is arranged in the release/recovery position, i.e., downwind.
  • first linear stretch 15b and the second linear stretch 16b have an angular distance from the sail element 23 substantially equal to 90°.
  • At least the first linear stretch 15b is arranged in the first side and at least the second linear stretch 16b is arranged in the second side.
  • first inclined stretch 15a, the first linear stretch 15b and the second inclined stretch 16a are arranged in the first side, while the second linear stretch 16b is arranged in the second side. Even more specifically, the beginning of the first linear stretch 15b and the end of the second linear stretch 16b are substantially on the plane defined by the gripping faces 24a, 24b of the sail element 23.
  • the positioning means 22 comprise at least one supporting element 25 positioned between the sail element 23 and the supporting mast 2. Specifically, the supporting element 25 is connected to an upper end of the supporting mast 2.
  • the supporting element 25 is arranged transversely to the supporting mast 2.
  • the supporting element 25 has an elongated shape that extends mainly along its own longitudinal direction.
  • the longitudinal direction of the supporting element 25 is transverse to the axis of revolution X2.
  • the supporting element 25 extends between a head portion 25a and a tail portion 25b.
  • the head portion 25a is associated with the supporting mast 2, while the tail portion 25b is associated with the sail element 23.
  • the head portion 25a has a cross-sectional dimension larger than the cross-sectional dimension of the tail portion 25b.
  • the rotor 3 is coupled to the supporting mast 2 by interposition of a holding ring 29. Specifically, the holding ring 29 is locked together with the supporting mast 2. The rotor 3 is coupled to the holding ring 29 in a sliding manner to rotate around the axis of rotation XI.
  • the holding element 20 has a guidance surface 30 with a substantially circular profile.
  • the guidance surface 30 is arranged in a plane transverse to the axis of rotation XI.
  • the rotor 3 is coupled to the holding element by interposition of a bearing element adapted to slide along the guidance surface 30.
  • the rotor 3 is provided with a shaft structure 31 which extends substantially parallel to the supporting mast 2.
  • the shaft structure 31 has a tubular conformation and contains at least partly within it the supporting mast 2.
  • the shaft structure 31 and the supporting mast 2 are substantially coaxial with each other.
  • the shaft structure 31 is also held by the fifth wheel 5 of the bedplate 4 in a rotoidal manner.
  • the blade 6 has a gripping surface 7 such as e.g. a sail.
  • the gripping surface 7 of the blade 6 is made at least partly of Kevlar fabric.
  • the blade 6 has a reinforcing structure 32 adapted to keep the gripping surface 7 taut.
  • the reinforcing structure 32 is associated with the pivot element 10.
  • the reinforcing structure 32 has at least one boom element 33 associated with the gripping surface 7.
  • the boom element 33 is associated with the pivot element 10 and is arranged transversely to the latter.
  • the boom element 33 defines a housing adapted to receive at least partly the gripping surface 7.
  • the housing is a through opening into which part of the gripping surface 7 is inserted.
  • the boom element 33 is also provided with at least one tensor 34 adapted to fasten to the gripping surface 7 to tension it.
  • the boom element 33 is provided with a pair of tensors, each arranged at one end of the boom element 33.
  • the reinforcing structure 32 also has at least one reinforcing rod 35 associated with the boom element 33 and on which the gripping surface 7 is mounted.
  • the reinforcing rod 35 is arranged transversely to the boom element 33. Specifically, the boom element 33 and the reinforcing rod 35 are arranged transversely and substantially parallel to the axis of hinging X3, respectively.
  • the reinforcing rod 35 extends along a centerline of the gripping surface 7.
  • the reinforcing structure 32 comprises one or more stiffening strips, not shown in the figures, arranged in a perimeter fashion around the gripping surface 7, preferably inserted within pockets made on the gripping surface 7.
  • the turbine 1 comprises at least one set of blades 6 provided with a plurality of blades 6 associated with the rotor 3.
  • the blades 6 of the set of blades 6 are arranged symmetrically along the rotor 3.
  • the blades 6 of the set of blades 6 are substantially similar to each other and the adjustment means 8 are configured to move each blade 6 between the gripping position and the release/recovery position as described above.
  • the adjustment means 8 comprise a single guiding element 11 associated with the set of blades 6.
  • the adjustment means 8 comprise at least one carriage element 12 and at least one motion transmission assembly 17 associated with each blade 6 of the plurality of blades 6.
  • the turbine 1 comprises at least one set of blades 6 provided with three blades 6. Even more preferably, the three blades 6 are equidistant from each other. Specifically, the blades 6 are spaced apart from each other by an angular distance of 100° to 150°, preferably 120°. It cannot however be ruled out that the turbine 1 may comprise more or fewer blades 6.
  • the turbine 1 comprises a plurality of rotors 3 and a plurality of sets of blades 6, each set of blades 6 being associated with a rotor 3.
  • the turbine 1 comprises a plurality of adjustment means 8, each of which is associated with a set of blades 6.
  • the turbine 1 comprises three rotors 3 and three sets of blades 6.
  • the shaft structures 31 of the rotors 3 are associated with each other to make a single shaft structure mounted on the bedplate 4.
  • the supporting mast 2 has a modular structure 26 wherein a plurality of modular portions 27 are identified which can be associated with each other in a removable manner.
  • the modular portions 27 are associable with each other to make the supporting mast 2. This expedient allows promoting the transport and assembly of the turbine 1.
  • the modular portions 27 are associable with each other by means of at least one joint 28.
  • the modular structure 26 comprises three modular portions 27. Specifically, the modular structure 26 comprises a base modular portion associated with the bedplate, an end modular portion and a central modular portion placed between the base modular portion and the end modular portion.
  • the modular portions 27 have an elongated shape that mainly extends along its own longitudinal direction.
  • the modular portions 27 are associable with each other so that they are arranged aligned along their own longitudinal directions.
  • the modular portions 27 have a tubular shape of substantially circular cross-section.
  • the turbine 1 has a plurality of rotors 3.
  • Each rotor 3 is associated with a respective modular portion 27 of the supporting mast 2.
  • each rotor 3 comprises a respective shaft structure 31.
  • the shaft structures 31 of the plurality of rotors 3 are associable with each other, preferably in a removable manner, to make a single shaft structure 31.
  • the turbine 1 then has a plurality of groups of blades 6, each associated with a respective rotor 3.
  • the turbine 1 has a modular structure comprising a plurality of modules associable with each other to make up the turbine 1.
  • each module comprises at least one modular portion 27 of the supporting mast 2, a rotor 3 preferably provided with a respective shaft structure 31, and a set of blades 6 associated with the rotor 3.
  • Such modules are connectable to each other to obtain the turbine 1.
  • the turbine 1 comprises three modules: a base module associated with the bedplate, an end module and a central module placed between the base module and the end module.
  • the present invention also covers a vertical axis wind generator comprising a turbine 1 according to what has been described above.
  • the wind generator has an electric generator operatively connected to the rotor 3 of the turbine 1.
  • the electric generator is configured to transform the rotary motion of the rotor 3 into electrical energy.
  • the electric generator is arranged at the bedplate 4 of the turbine 1.
  • the wind generator comprises at least one speed multiplier 36 positioned between the electric generator and the rotor 3.
  • the speed multiplier 36 is configured to apply to the rotor 3 a variable resistance depending on the speed of rotation of the latter in order to keep the speed of rotation of the rotor 3 substantially constant, while increasing the electric power generated by the electric generator.
  • the speed multiplier 36 is adapted to prevent the rotor 3 from exceeding a predetermined maximum speed of rotation.
  • the speed of rotation of the rotor 3 can be decreased, by increasing the electric power generated by the electric generator or by keeping it constant.
  • the speed multiplier 36 is adapted to keep the speed of rotation of the rotor 3 constant, even if the speed of the stream of wind varies, without affecting the electric power obtainable from the stream of wind.
  • the speed multiplier 36 has a pinion 39 connected to the rotor 3 to rotate with the latter.
  • the speed multiplier comprises at least one brushless motor 37 provided with a gear 38 meshing with the pinion 39.
  • the brushless motor is adapted to operate on the pinion 39 by applying braking resistance that decreases the rotation of the rotor 3, while increasing the electric power output.
  • the speed multiplier 36 is mounted on the bedplate 4.
  • the speed multiplier 36 has a plurality of brushless motors 37 arranged in a perimeter fashion around the rotor 3.
  • the turbine 1 also comprises means of converting solar radiation into energy, preferably electrical energy.
  • the conversion means are thus adapted to transform solar radiation into electrical energy. This electrical energy is then stored in a special accumulator operatively connected to the conversion means. It cannot, however, be ruled out that the conversion means can be configured to convert solar radiation into energy other than electrical energy, such as e.g. thermal energy.
  • the conversion means comprise a solar power plant to produce electrical energy.
  • the solar power plant has at least one photovoltaic cell of the known type.
  • the presence of the conversion means makes it possible to generate electrical energy even when the wind in the proximity of the turbine 1 has insufficient speed to move the rotor 2.
  • the turbine 1 is provided with support means configured to support the conversion means. These support means allow the conversion means to be stably supported on the turbine 1.
  • the turbine 1 is provided with a wind measuring unit configured to sense and measure at least the wind speed.
  • the wind measuring unit is associated with the rudder so that it moves together with the latter. In doing so, the wind measuring unit is positioned along the direction of propagation VI of the wind so that its maximum speed can be measured.
  • the measuring unit comprises a sensor configured to determine the direction of the wind.
  • the turbine 1 then comprises a control unit operatively connected to the supporting mast 2 and configured to control the rotation of the latter around its axis of rotation XI.
  • the control unit is adapted to rotate the supporting mast 2 around its axis of rotation XI so that the conversion means can be arranged facing the sun.
  • the control unit comprises measuring means of the sunlight intensity and rotational means of the supporting mast 2.
  • the control unit is configured to operate in a wind mode and in a solar mode.
  • the processing unit frees the supporting mast 2 so that the latter is free to move so that the turbine 1 can operate as described above to harness wind energy.
  • the processing unit controls the supporting mast 2 to move it so that the sensing means are positioned facing the sun.
  • control unit is operatively connected to the sensing means to receive from the latter the measured value of wind speed.
  • the control unit is set so as to operate in solar mode when the measured wind speed is below a threshold value and in wind mode when the measured wind speed is above the threshold value.
  • the threshold value is 4 m/s.
  • the described invention achieves the intended objects, and in particular, the fact is emphasized that the vertical axis turbine for wind generator makes it possible to minimize the negative moment transmitted by the wind to the blades in order to maintain a substantially constant torque moment, thus making maximum use of the kinetic energy of the wind, regardless of the direction of the wind.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une éolienne à axe vertical (1) comprenant : au moins un mât de support vertical (2) ; au moins un rotor (3) associé au mât de support (2) et tournant autour d'un axe de rotation (X1) ; au moins une pale (6) associée au rotor (3) et comprenant au moins une surface de préhension (7), la pale (6) étant destinée à être frappée par un flux de vent le long d'une direction de propagation (VI) pour faire tourner le rotor (3) ; un moyen de réglage (8) pour régler l'orientation de la surface de préhension (7) en fonction de la direction de propagation (V1) du flux de vent.
EP22829853.5A 2021-12-07 2022-12-06 Turbine à axe vertical pour aérogénérateur Withdrawn EP4445016A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102021000030845A IT202100030845A1 (it) 2021-12-07 2021-12-07 Turbina per generatore eolico ad asse verticale
PCT/IB2022/061826 WO2023105406A1 (fr) 2021-12-07 2022-12-06 Turbine à axe vertical pour aérogénérateur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4445016A1 true EP4445016A1 (fr) 2024-10-16

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22829853.5A Withdrawn EP4445016A1 (fr) 2021-12-07 2022-12-06 Turbine à axe vertical pour aérogénérateur

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4445016A1 (fr)
IT (1) IT202100030845A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2023105406A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080273975A1 (en) * 2004-10-06 2008-11-06 Chuy-Nan Chio Sail Wing Type Windmill
US20110068581A1 (en) * 2009-09-21 2011-03-24 Jerry Lowery Rotating Doors Wind Machine

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WO2023105406A1 (fr) 2023-06-15
IT202100030845A1 (it) 2023-06-07

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