EP4473199A1 - Procédé de pilotage d'un moteur à turbine à gaz - Google Patents
Procédé de pilotage d'un moteur à turbine à gazInfo
- Publication number
- EP4473199A1 EP4473199A1 EP23706824.2A EP23706824A EP4473199A1 EP 4473199 A1 EP4473199 A1 EP 4473199A1 EP 23706824 A EP23706824 A EP 23706824A EP 4473199 A1 EP4473199 A1 EP 4473199A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- drive shaft
- gas turbine
- turbine engine
- rotation
- electric motor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
- F01D19/02—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith dependent on temperature of component parts, e.g. of turbine-casing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/34—Turning or inching gear
- F01D25/36—Turning or inching gear using electric motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
- F05D2220/323—Application in turbines in gas turbines for aircraft propulsion, e.g. jet engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/85—Starting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
- F05D2270/04—Purpose of the control system to control acceleration (u)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05D2270/303—Temperature
Definitions
- the invention generally relates to the field of gas turbine engines, and more particularly to a method for controlling a gas turbine engine.
- gas turbine engines can be used to provide thrust to an aircraft.
- a gas turbine engine rises in temperature in a substantially homogeneous manner.
- the gas turbine engine when the gas turbine engine is shut down, for example, after the aircraft has landed at an airport, the gas turbine engine cools heterogeneously. Indeed, some components cool faster than others. If the gas turbine engine is left stationary for a sufficiently long period (for example a day) all the components of the gas turbine engine gradually cool down until they reach the same temperature.
- the gas turbine engine is restarted after being left idle for a short period (e.g. one hour)
- some components such as high pressure spool components, still show significant differences/inhomogeneities temperature when restarting. These temperature differences can be the source of thermal expansion phenomena that can lead to deformation of the engine components.
- the high pressure rotor line can bend between its bearings due to a vertical thermal gradient on these parts. The deflection of the rotor line induces on the one hand a closing of the static clearances between the moving blades and the casings and on the other hand creates an unbalance on the rotor/eccentric mass.
- the static engine thermal condition combined with a dynamic unbalance response may cause friction between the blades of the high pressure compressor rotor or the high pressure turbine and the casing of the high pressure compressor or the high pressure turbine. If the rotor blades rub against the housing, this can damage the gas turbine engine and cause blade wear. Also, if the casing is coated with abradable material, this abradable material wears out and disappears, which causes an increase in the clearance between the rotor and the stator of the gas turbine engine. This results in degraded engine performance.
- the document EP3205847 proposes for example to use an electric motor connected to the air starter with a clutch to drive the high pressure drive shaft via a gear train of an accessory box (AGB) at very low speed , below its idle speed: the engine is said to be in “rotisserie”.
- AGB accessory box
- EP3205834 and EP3205858 propose using computer models to predict the necessary rotation time in the rotisserie of the electric motor connected to the air starter.
- An object of the invention is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks, by proposing a method for controlling a gas turbine engine making it possible to limit the waiting time necessary before restarting the gas turbine engine.
- the present invention thus relates according to a first aspect to a method for controlling a gas turbine engine, the gas turbine engine comprising a body comprising a compressor, a turbine and a drive shaft, the turbine being clean to drive the compressor via the drive shaft, and an electric motor able to drive the drive shaft in rotation
- the control method comprising the steps of: a) estimating a temperature gradient between a first part of the body and a second part of the body, b) comparing the estimated temperature gradient with a predefined temperature gradient threshold, and c) if the temperature gradient is less than the predefined temperature gradient threshold, rotating the drive shaft with a rotational speed which varies over time according to a first rotational speed variation profile, d) if the temperature gradient is greater than the predefined temperature gradient threshold, controlling the electric motor to drive in rotation the drive shaft so as to vary the speed of rotation of the drive shaft according to a second profile of variation of speed of rotation over time, such as, when the speed of rotation of the drive shaft is within a critical range of rotational speeds, an
- the electric motor is a starter-generator.
- the drive shaft is capable of being driven in rotation about an axis of the gas turbine engine, and the estimated temperature gradient is obtained from temperature measurements in an upper part of the body of the gas turbine engine.
- gas located above the axis of the gas turbine engine, and measurements of temperature in a lower part of the gas turbine engine body, located below the axis of the gas turbine engine, when the gas turbine engine is attached to an aircraft.
- the critical interval of rotational speeds includes a rotational speed likely to generate a resonance of the body taking into account a curvature of the drive shaft
- the critical interval of rotational speeds is defined between a first rotational speed threshold and a second rotational speed threshold, the first rotational speed threshold and the second rotational speed threshold being predetermined and dependent on the turbine engine gas.
- a power supplied by the electric motor to the drive shaft during step d) when the rotational speed of the drive shaft is included in the critical interval of rotational speeds is determined from the gradient of temperature.
- the control method comprises a step of measuring a first value of a body vibration parameter, the power supplied by the electric motor being further determined from the first value of the body vibration parameter.
- the control method comprises a step of starting the gas turbine engine and a step prior to the step of starting the gas turbine engine during which the electric motor rotates the drive shaft so as to rotate the drive shaft at a rotational speed of less than 10 revolutions per minute.
- the control method comprises a step of controlling the pressure of at least one damping fluid film arranged between the drive shaft and a casing of the gas turbine engine.
- Step d) comprises the supply of power by the electric motor to the drive shaft when the speed of rotation of the drive shaft is included in the critical interval, a step of measuring a second value of a body vibration parameter and, if the second value of the body vibration parameter is greater than a vibration parameter threshold, the power supplied by the electric motor to the drive shaft is reduced.
- the casing is a high pressure casing
- the compressor is a high pressure compressor
- the turbine is a high pressure turbine
- the drive shaft is a high pressure drive shaft
- the gas turbine engine comprises in addition to a low pressure body comprising a fan, a low pressure turbine and a low pressure drive shaft, the low pressure turbine being capable of driving the fan via the low pressure shaft.
- the invention relates to a gas turbine engine, comprising a body comprising a compressor, a turbine and a drive shaft, the turbine being capable of driving the compressor via the drive shaft , an electric motor capable of driving the drive shaft in rotation, and a control module configured to control the gas turbine engine according to the steps of the method as defined above.
- the drive shaft is adapted to be driven in rotation around an axis of the gas turbine engine, and comprising at least two temperature sensors, including a first temperature sensor configured to measure a first temperature of a part top of the gas turbine engine casing, located above the axis of the gas turbine engine, and a second temperature sensor configured to measure a second temperature of a lower part of the gas turbine engine casing , located below the centerline of the gas turbine engine, when the gas turbine engine is attached to an aircraft.
- the invention relates to an aircraft characterized in that it comprises the gas turbine engine described above.
- FIG. 1 schematically represents a gas turbine engine according to one possible embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 schematically represents the position of the sensors in the gas turbine engine according to a possible embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 schematically represents the steps of a method for controlling a gas turbine engine according to a possible embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically representing a speed of rotation of a drive shaft of the gas turbine engine, an acceleration of the rotation of the drive shaft, as a function of time, according to two modes of distinct control of the gas turbine engine and a profile of power delivery by the electric motor to the drive shaft.
- the present invention relates to a gas turbine engine 1 which comprises a fan 2, a low pressure body 3, a high pressure body 4, a combustion chamber 5 and a gas exhaust nozzle 6 .
- the high pressure body 4 comprises a high pressure compressor 41, a high pressure turbine 42 and a high pressure drive shaft 43 coupling the high pressure turbine 42 to the high pressure compressor 41.
- the low pressure body 3 comprises a low pressure compressor 31, a low pressure turbine 32 and a low pressure drive shaft 33 coupling the low pressure turbine 32 to the low pressure compressor 31, and extending inside the shaft. high pressure drive train 43.
- the high pressure turbine 42 rotates the high pressure compressor 41 via the high pressure drive shaft 43, while the low pressure turbine 32 rotates the low pressure compressor 31 and the fan 2 by the intermediate of the low pressure drive shaft 33.
- the low pressure drive shaft 33 is rotatably mounted around an axis of rotation X parallel to a longitudinal direction of the gas turbine engine 1.
- the high pressure drive shaft 43 is rotatably mounted around the axis of rotation X.
- the low pressure drive shaft 33 and the high pressure drive shaft 43 are coaxial.
- the high pressure drive shaft 43 extends around the low pressure drive shaft 33.
- the high pressure compressor 41 comprises a high pressure compressor casing 412, a high pressure compressor stator 414, mounted fixed relative to the high pressure compressor casing 412, and a high pressure compressor rotor 416, capable of being driven in rotation by relative to the high pressure compressor stator 414, around the axis of rotation X.
- the low pressure compressor 31 comprises a low pressure compressor casing 312, a low pressure compressor stator 314, fixedly mounted relative to the low pressure compressor 312, and a low pressure compressor rotor 316, adapted to be driven in rotation relative to the low pressure compressor stator 314, around the axis of rotation X.
- the high pressure turbine 42 comprises a high pressure turbine casing 422, a high pressure turbine stator 424, mounted fixed relative to the high pressure turbine casing 422, and a high pressure turbine rotor 426, capable of being driven in rotation by relative to the high pressure turbine stator 424, around the axis of rotation X.
- the low pressure turbine 32 comprises a low pressure turbine casing 322, a low pressure turbine stator 324, mounted fixed relative to the casing of low pressure turbine 322, and a low pressure turbine rotor 326, capable of being driven in rotation relative to the low pressure turbine stator 324, around the axis of rotation X.
- fan 2 is driven in rotation by low-pressure turbine 32, which causes air to circulate from upstream to downstream of gas turbine engine 1 .
- Part of the air passing through fan 2 passes successively through the low pressure compressor 31, the high pressure compressor 41, then is injected into the combustion chamber 5.
- the air is mixed with fuel.
- the combustion of the fuel generates exhaust gases which flow successively through the high pressure turbine 42, then through the low pressure turbine 32, and which are evacuated via the exhaust gas nozzle 6.
- the gas turbine engine 1 comprises bearings 7 which make it possible to guide the high pressure drive shaft 43 and the low pressure drive shaft 33 in rotation.
- the gas turbine engine 1 comprises two bearings 7 located downstream of the low pressure compressor 31, a bearing 7 upstream of the high pressure compressor 41, a bearing 7 downstream of the high pressure turbine 42 and finally a bearing 7 in downstream of the low pressure turbine 32.
- These bearings include high pressure body bearings 72 suitable for guiding the high pressure drive shaft 43 in rotation, and low pressure body bearings 74 suitable for guiding the drive shaft in rotation. low pressure drive 33.
- the high pressure body bearings 72 comprise the bearing 7 located upstream of the high pressure compressor 41 as well as the bearing 7 located downstream of the high pressure turbine 42.
- each bearing 7 comprises an inner ring 73 and an outer ring 74, and one of the inner ring 73 and the outer ring 74 is fixedly mounted on the casing of the gas turbine engine 14, while that the other of the inner ring 73 and the outer ring 74 is fixedly mounted on the drive shaft 33, 43.
- the outer ring 74 is fixed to a bearing support integral with the turbine engine casing gas turbine 14. More preferably, the bearing support extends from the outer race 74 to a fixed flange with respect to the gas turbine engine casing 14.
- the bearings 7 thus constitute interfaces between the drive shaft 33, 43 of the gas turbine engine 1 and the gas turbine engine casing 14.
- a damping fluid film 75 is arranged between a bearing 7 and the gas turbine engine casing 14.
- the film damping fluid 75 is a lubricating film like an oil film. In a certain embodiment, the oil is supplied via a common oil circuit to the bearings 7.
- the gas turbine engine 1 further comprises an electric motor 15.
- the electric motor 15 is capable of rotating one of the drive shafts 33, 43.
- the electric motor 15 makes it possible to rotate one of the drive shafts 33, 43 relative to the casing of the gas turbine engine 14.
- the electric motor 15 is able to drive the high pressure drive shaft 43 in rotation. 15 can be connected directly to a drive shaft 33, 43 via a transmission gear or be connected to an accessory gearbox 150 (in English, “accessory gearbox” or “AGB”).
- the accessory drive unit 150 generally comprises one or more gear trains which are capable of being driven in rotation by mechanical removal by means of a bevel gear on the drive shaft 33, 43 and a radial transmission shaft 151, on which are coupled various accessories such as high pressure fuel pumps, pumps for lubrication, etc...
- the electric motor 15 can be connected to an accessory drive box 150 , itself connected to a drive shaft 33, 43 to be driven in rotation via a radial transmission shaft 151.
- the electric motor 15 is a starter-generator.
- a starter-generator is a motor, usually an electric motor, used to start the gas turbine engine 1.
- the starter-generator 15 is an electric motor 15 capable of driving the one of the drive shafts 33, 43 in rotation, for example in the case of a gas turbine engine 1 hybrid.
- Hybrid gas turbine engines operate using both electrical energy and thermal energy from the combustion of the gases in the combustion chamber 5.
- the present invention does not involve adding to the gas turbine engine 1 a dedicated electric motor 15 but to use an electric motor 15 already present in the gas turbine engine 1 . This makes it possible not to clutter up the gas turbine engine 1, not to weigh it down and not to increase its manufacturing cost.
- the gas turbine engine 1 comprises at least two temperature sensors 17.
- the temperature sensors temperature sensors 17 are configured to collect data relating to the temperature of one of the casings 3, 4 of the gas turbine engine 1.
- the temperature sensors 17 are fixed to the high pressure compressor casing 412 or to the high pressure turbine 422.
- the two temperature sensors 17 are located on a casing surrounding the primary stream at a distance of less than 20 cm and, more preferably still, at a distance of less than 10 cm from the primary stream.
- the temperature sensors 17 are located opposite the high pressure compressor 41 or the high pressure turbine 42.
- the two temperature sensors 17 comprise a first temperature sensor 171 located on an upper part of the body 35, 45 of the gas turbine engine 1 and a second temperature sensor 172 located on a lower part of the body 36, 46 of the gas turbine engine 1 .
- the first temperature sensor 171 is located on an upper part of the high pressure compressor casing 412 or on an upper part of the high pressure turbine casing 422 and the second temperature sensor 172 is located on a lower part of the high pressure compressor 412 or of the high pressure turbine casing 422.
- These temperature sensors 17 make it possible to collect different temperature values of the gas turbine engine 1 which will make it possible to calculate a temperature gradient between an upper part of the body 35, 45 of the gas turbine engine 1 and a lower part of the body 36, 46 of the gas turbine engine 1.
- the terms “high” and “low” are to be interpreted by considering the gas turbine engine 1 mounted fixed on an aircraft 100, the aircraft 100 being placed on horizontal ground.
- a lower part of the body 36, 46 of the gas turbine engine 1 is located closer to the ground than an upper part of the body 35, 45 of the gas turbine engine 1 when the gas turbine engine gas 1 is attached to the aircraft 100 and the aircraft 100 is placed on the horizontal ground.
- the two temperature sensors 17 are located relative to each other in diametrically opposite positions relative to the axis of rotation X.
- the gas turbine engine 1 comprises a rotational speed sensor 18.
- the rotational speed sensor 18 is configured to measure the rotational speed of the high drive shaft. pressure 43.
- the rotational speed sensor 18 is for example fixed to the high pressure drive shaft 43.
- the rotation speed sensor 18 can be fixed on the radial transmission shaft 151 connected to the accessory drive box 150.
- the rotation speed of the high pressure drive shaft 43 is obtained at from the rotational speed measurement of the radial transmission shaft 151 and a meshing ratio between the high pressure drive shaft 43 and the radial transmission shaft 151.
- the gas turbine engine 1 comprises a vibration sensor.
- the vibration sensor 19 is configured to measure a vibration parameter of a body 3, 4 of the gas turbine engine 1.
- the vibration parameter is for example a displacement, a speed or an acceleration. This vibration parameter is expressed for example in mils DA within the framework of the measurement of a vibration parameter of a low pressure body 3 and in inch/sec PeaK within the framework of the measurement of a vibration parameter of a high pressure body 4.
- the vibration sensor 19 is for example fixed to a bearing support or to a flange of the low pressure body 3 or of the high pressure body 4.
- the vibration sensor 19 is thus advantageously positioned so as to capture/characterize gas turbine engine vibrations 1 .
- the position of the vibration sensor 19 can therefore vary depending on the model of the gas turbine engine 1 .
- the present invention relates to a method of controlling the gas turbine engine 1.
- the present method is preferably carried out before the drive shaft 33, 43 of the gas turbine engine 1 rotates at an idle speed.
- the idle speed of the drive shaft 33, 43 of the gas turbine engine 1 (hereinafter referred to as "idle speed of the gas turbine engine 1" for brevity) is typically the minimum and stabilized rotational speed of the engine.
- the idle speed of the gas turbine engine 1 is a speed of rotation of the drive shaft 33, 43 of the gas turbine engine 1 when the aircraft 100 is on the ground, stationary or moving, for example for the waiting or taxiing phases.
- the idle speed of gas turbine engine 1 is typically the speed minimum rotation at which the drive shaft 33, 43 of the gas turbine engine 1 rotates after the start of the gas turbine engine 1.
- the start period of the gas turbine engine 1 is that during which a starter - generator is necessary to drive the drive shaft 33, 43 in rotation. It is therefore understood that the idle speed of the gas turbine engine 1 is the speed reached by the gas turbine engine 1 when the starter-generator is off (ie the start-up period is therefore over).
- the method first comprises a step a) in which a temperature gradient between a first part of the body 35, 45 of the gas turbine engine 1 and the second part of the body 36, 46 is estimated.
- the temperature gradient is a temperature gradient between the first part of the high pressure body 45 (and not the first part of the low pressure body 35) of the gas turbine engine 1 and the second part of the body high pressure 46 (and not the second part of the low pressure body 36) of the gas turbine engine 1.
- the temperature gradient is obtained from at least two temperature values which are measured by the two temperature sensors 17 of the gas turbine engine 1 (i.e.
- the estimated temperature gradient is obtained from temperature values measured in the upper part of the body 35, 45 of the gas turbine engine 1, located above the axis of the gas turbine engine 1, and temperature values measured in the lower part of the body 36, 46 of the gas turbine engine 1, located below the axis of the gas turbine engine 1, when the gas turbine engine 1 is attached to an aircraft 100.
- the temperature gradient is thus obtained from at least two temperature values including a first temperature value of an upper part of the body 35, 45 of the gas turbine engine 1 and a second value lower body temperature 36, 46 of the gas turbine engine 1.
- the estimated temperature gradient is estimated from at least two temperature values including a first temperature value of an upper part of the high pressure body 45 (preferably an upper part of the high pressure compressor 415) and a second temperature value of a lower part of the high pressure body 46 (preferably a lower part of the high pressure compressor 417).
- the estimated temperature gradient is advantageously representative of the temperature variation between the upper part of the high pressure body 45 and the lower part of the high pressure body 46.
- the temperature of the body 3, 4 of the gas turbine engine 1 becomes heterogeneous. It is in particular the temperature of the high pressure body 4 which becomes heterogeneous. Indeed, in operation of the gas turbine engine 1, the high pressure body 4 is much hotter than the low pressure body 3.
- the lower part of the high pressure body 46 cools more faster than the upper part of the high pressure body 45. This is simply because the air in the stationary gas turbine engine stratifies, the lighter hot air rises. Thus, the air heated by the components of the gas turbine engine 1 cooling tends to rise. Consequently, the upper part of the high pressure body 45 is heated by hot air while the lower part of the high pressure body 46 is less subject to this phenomenon and therefore cools faster than the upper part of the high pressure body 45.
- the temperature difference between a point of the upper part of the high pressure body 45 and a point of the lower part of the high pressure body 46 is typically between 30 and 50 degrees.
- the estimated temperature gradient of the high pressure body 4 is therefore representative of the thermal heterogeneity of the high pressure body 4 due to this phenomenon.
- step a) of the method is implemented before or during the start-up of the gas turbine engine 1.
- the start-up of the gas turbine engine 1 comprises, without limitation, the following steps:
- the gas flows pass through the turbines 32, 42 then leave the gas turbine engine 1 via the exhaust nozzle 6 and the drive shaft 33, 43 of the gas turbine engine 1 is driven in rotation thanks to these gas flow,
- the start is complete when the gas turbine engine 1 operates autonomously, that is to say when the drive shaft 33, 43 of the gas turbine engine 1 rotates without requiring drive by the starter-generator . After the start is completed, the gas turbine engine 1 is considered to be started.
- the temperature gradient can therefore be estimated even before the start of the gas turbine engine 1, i.e. before the rotational drive of the drive shaft 33, 43 of the gas turbine engine 1 up to a rotational speed starting. Also, the temperature gradient can be estimated during the start of the gas turbine engine 1 . By estimating the temperature gradient before or during the start of the gas turbine engine 1, the estimated temperature gradient is representative of the temperature heterogeneity of the body 3, 4 of the gas turbine engine 1 during or following a stop of the gas turbine engine 1.
- the estimation of thermal gradient can be carried out from different types of measurements of temperature values.
- the measurements can be carried out on the test bench, that is to say when the gas turbine engine 1 is not mounted on an aircraft and it is tested .
- the measurement of the temperature values for the estimation of the temperature gradient can be carried out when the gas turbine engine 1 is already started to know the evolution of the temperature heterogeneity of the body 3, 4 of the engine gas turbine engine 1 during start-up or following start-up and following shutdown of the gas turbine engine 1 .
- the measurements of temperature values are carried out in the fleet, that is to say when the gas turbine engine 1 is mounted on an aircraft and the aircraft is in use.
- the temperature measurements are therefore carried out under "real conditions", ie under traditional conditions of use of a gas turbine engine 1.
- the temperature values are captured before and during the first moments of rotation of the drive shaft 33, 43 of the gas turbine engine 1 until a time t (less than 5 min, preferably less than 1 min, even more preferably less than 15 seconds) and depending on the gradient estimated from the measurements, the variation profile is chosen according to step b).
- the instant t depends on the speed and the position of the modes.
- the temperature measurements are carried out on a digital twin of the gas turbine engine 1, therefore in a simulated manner.
- the present method can be implemented on a gas turbine engine 1 under different conditions (test bench, fleet, simulation, etc.) which are not limited to the present description.
- the estimated temperature gradient is compared with a predefined temperature gradient threshold.
- the predefined temperature gradient threshold corresponds to a temperature gradient of a body 3, 4 of the gas turbine engine 1 from which a drive shaft 33, 43 of the gas turbine engine 1 is bent in such a way that, when the drive shaft 33, 43 is rotated, damage to the gas turbine engine 1 takes place.
- the drive shaft 33, 43 concerned is preferably the high pressure drive shaft 43.
- the predefined temperature gradient threshold corresponds to a temperature gradient of the body 3 or 4 of the turbine engine gas turbine 1 from which the drive shaft 33 or 43 is bent so that, when it is rotated, it vibrates to the point of causing damage to the gas turbine engine 1.
- the temperature gradient threshold corresponds to a temperature gradient of the body 3, 4 of the gas turbine engine 1 from which the drive shaft 33, 43 is bent in such a way that, when it is driven in rotation, it is likely to generate a resonance of the body 3 or 4, which causes damage to the gas turbine engine 1.
- the temperature gradient threshold is associated with a bending of a drive shaft 33, 43, bending from which it is estimated that the drive shaft 33, 43 will be bent to the point of generating damage to the gas turbine engine 1 .
- the estimated temperature gradient allows to determine an estimate of the bending of the drive shaft 33, 43, for example a radius of curvature.
- the estimated temperature gradient makes it possible to determine an arrow, ie a maximum displacement value, of the drive shaft 33, 43. Then, the arrow makes it possible to determine the bending of the drive shaft 33, 43.
- the temperature gradient makes it possible to know at what point the drive shaft 33, 43 is bent.
- a model is used to determine the deflection of the drive shaft 33, 43 as a function of the estimated temperature gradient. By comparing the estimated temperature gradient to the temperature gradient threshold, it is possible to determine whether the drive shaft 33, 43 is bent to such an extent that damage to the gas turbine engine 1 will take place.
- the drive shaft 33, 43 is driven in rotation with a rotational speed which varies over time according to a first profile rotational speed variation.
- the first rotational speed variation profile is a conventional rotational speed variation profile for reaching the idle rotational speed of the drive shaft 33, 43.
- the first rotational speed variation profile over time is a rotational speed variation profile of a conventional drive shaft 33, 43, before reaching an idle rotational speed.
- the drive shaft 33, 43 is driven in rotation with a rotational speed which increases over time due to an acceleration applied to the drive shaft 33, 43 by the starter-generator.
- an acceleration is applied to the drive shaft 33, 43 by the starter-generator during starting to allow the drive shaft 33, 43 to accelerate until it reaches a slow rotation speed.
- An example of a first rotational speed variation profile C1 is illustrated in FIG. 4. Curves C1 and C2 in FIG. 4 illustrate changes in the rotational speed as a function of time.
- the starter-generator 15 is controlled to drive the drive shaft 33, 43 in rotation so as to vary the speed of rotation of the drive shaft 33, 43 according to a second profile of rotation speed variation over time such that, when the speed of rotation of the drive shaft 33, 43 is included in a critical interval of rotational speeds, an acceleration of the rotation of the drive shaft 33, 43 is greater than an acceleration of the rotation of the drive shaft 33, 43 according to the first rotational speed variation profile in the same critical range of rotational speeds.
- step d) damage to the gas turbine engine 1 takes place when the speed of rotation of the curved drive shaft 33, 43 is included in a critical range of rotation speeds because the drive shaft 33, 43 , and therefore the body 3, 4, vibrates more intensely. More particularly, if the curved drive shaft 33, 43 rotates at a speed comprised in the critical range of rotational speeds, the body 3, 4 is likely to come into resonance. Thanks to the implementation of step d), the drive shaft 33, 43 rotates for the shortest time possible according to a speed of rotation included in the critical range of speeds of rotation, which makes it possible to limit the damage of the gas turbine engine 1.
- the period during which the drive shaft 33, 43 rotates at a rotational speed within the critical range of rotational speeds is reduced compared to the conventional drive profile of the drive shaft 33, 43. It follows that the harmful consequences (ie degradation of the gas turbine engine 1) of the curved drive shaft 33, 43 will be reduced.
- step d) consists in controlling the motor electric 15 for, when the speed of rotation of the drive shaft 33, 43 is included in the critical range of speeds of rotation, to accelerate the drive shaft 33, 43, if the temperature gradient is greater than the temperature gradient threshold.
- the rotational speed of the drive shaft 33, 43 varies according to a second rotational speed variation profile over time which is different from the first rotational speed variation profile over time. Indeed, if the speed of rotation of the drive shaft 33, 43 varies according to the second rotation speed variation profile, then the speed of the drive shaft 33, 43, when it is included in the critical interval of rotational speeds increases more rapidly than if the rotational speed of the drive shaft 33, 43 varied according to the first profile.
- FIG. 4 An example of a second rotational speed variation profile C2 is illustrated in FIG. 4. If the temperature gradient is greater than the temperature gradient threshold, the drive shaft 33, 43 is accelerated, when its rotational speed is included in the critical range of rotational speeds, by the electric motor 15 and this acceleration is greater than an acceleration of the drive shaft 33, 43 if the temperature gradient was lower than the temperature gradient threshold. To apply this acceleration, the electric motor 15 applies power to the drive shaft 33, 43.
- Curve C3 of Figure 4 illustrates this application of power.
- Curve C3 is a schematic binary curve (state A when no power is applied and state B when power is applied) which schematizes the supply of power to the drive shaft 33, 43 when the speed of rotation of the drive shaft 33, 43 reaches the lower limit of the critical range of rotational speed.
- the present method does not require the aircraft 100 to wait on the tarmac while the temperature of the body 3, 4 becomes uniform before being able to start the gas turbine engine 1 of the aircraft 100.
- step d) of the present method is implemented during the start-up process of the gas turbine engine 1.
- the control method which has just been described therefore makes it possible to limit the damage to the gas turbine engine 1 caused by the thermal heterogeneity of the body 3, 4 without preventing the gas turbine engine 1 from starting.
- step d) the electric motor 15 accelerates the drive shaft 33, 43 to pass the critical range of rotational speeds more quickly.
- the critical rotational speed interval is the set of rotational speeds comprised between a first rotational speed threshold and a second rotational speed threshold.
- the first rotational speed threshold is the lower limit of the critical interval of rotational speeds.
- the second rotational speed threshold is the upper limit of the critical interval of rotational speeds.
- the electric motor 15 can accelerate the drive shaft 33, 43 when the latter rotates at a speed of 3500 revolutions per minute until the drive shaft 33, 43 reaches a speed of 7000 Rotations per minute.
- the rotation speed sensor 18 makes it possible to detect when the drive shaft 33, 43 is rotating at a rotation speed equal to the first rotation speed threshold or to the second rotation speed threshold. It is therefore understood that, if the estimated temperature gradient is greater than the predefined temperature gradient threshold, the electric motor 15 accelerates the drive shaft 33, 43 as soon as the drive shaft 33, 43 rotates at a speed rotation equal to the first rotation speed threshold.
- the rotational speed increases faster according to the second rotational speed variation profile than according to the first rotational speed variation profile.
- the first and second rotational speed thresholds are preferably predetermined and depend on the gas turbine engine 1.
- the critical interval of rotational speeds depends on the type (i.e. of the model) of the gas turbine engine 1.
- the speed of rotation liable to generate resonance of the body (3, 4), which would cause damage to the gas turbine engine 1 depends on the geometry of the gas turbine engine 1 and therefore on the type of gas turbine engine 1
- the first and second rotation speed thresholds are predetermined for a gas turbine engine 1 .
- the electric motor 15 is configured to supply, apply power to the drive shaft 33, 43 and makes it possible to accelerate the rotation of the drive shaft 33, 43. From the power applied by the electric motor 15 to the drive shaft 33, 43 derives directly from the rotational acceleration of the drive shaft 33, 43 caused by the electric motor 15. More specifically, the greater the power applied by the electric motor 15 to the drive shaft 33, 43, the greater the acceleration of the rotation of the drive shaft 33, 43 is important.
- the power applied by the electric motor 15 to the drive shaft 33, 43 depends first of all on the electric motor 15 used. Indeed, the power applied by the electric motor 15 to the drive shaft 33, 43 cannot exceed the maximum power applicable by the electric motor 15. In one embodiment, the power applied by the electric motor 15 to the drive shaft 33, 43 is fixed. For example, the electric motor 15 applies a constant power of 350 kW to the drive shaft 33, 43.
- a power supplied by the electric motor 15 to the drive shaft 33, 43 during step d) when the speed of rotation of the drive shaft 33, 43 is included in the critical interval of rotational speeds is determined from the temperature gradient.
- the power supplied by the electric motor 15 to the drive shaft 33, 43 depends on the bending of the drive shaft 33, 43 caused by the temperature gradient.
- the greater the temperature gradient the greater the bending of the drive shaft 33, 43 and the greater the vibrations of the body 3, 4 are likely to be when the drive shaft 33, 43 rotates at a speed of rotation comprised in the critical range of speeds of rotation. Consequently, the greater the temperature gradient, the greater the damage to the gas turbine engine 1 is likely to be.
- the drive shaft 33, 43 it is all the more desirable for the drive shaft 33, 43 to rotate for the shortest possible time range at a rotational speed comprised in the critical interval of rotational speeds.
- the temperature gradient is large, it is desired to more intensely accelerate the speed of rotation of the drive shaft 33, 43 when the drive shaft 33, 43 rotates at a speed of rotation comprised within the critical range of rotational speeds.
- the temperature gradient is low, the damage to the gas turbine engine 1 is less significant and it is not as necessary for the drive shaft 33, 43 to rotate for the shortest possible time range at a rotational speed within the critical interval of rotational speeds.
- the greater the temperature gradient the greater the power applied by the electric motor 15 to the drive shaft 33, 43 is important to further accelerate the rotation of the drive shaft 33, 43 in the critical range of rotational speeds.
- the method comprises a step of measuring a first value of a vibration parameter of the body 3, 4, and the power supplied by the electric motor (15) is further determined from the first value of the body vibration parameter (3.4).
- the power applied by the electric motor 15 to the drive shaft 33, 43 is determined according to at least one measurement of at least one vibration parameter of a body 3, 4 of the gas turbine engine 1 .
- the value of the vibration parameter makes it possible to estimate the intensity of the vibrations of the body 3, 4 when the drive shaft 33, 43 will rotate at a rotational speed within the critical speed range.
- the power supplied by the electric motor 15 to the drive shaft 33, 43 is adapted to this estimation of vibration intensity.
- the power supplied by the electric motor 15 to the drive shaft 33, 43 is adapted so as not to cause additional vibrations which would generate a degradation of the gas turbine engine 1.
- the acceleration of the The drive shaft 33, 43 controlled by the electric motor 15 can result in vibrations of the body 3, 4 and therefore damage to the gas turbine engine 1. It is therefore desirable that the intensity of the vibrations due to the acceleration of the drive shaft 33, 43 not exceed a vibration parameter threshold and therefore that the acceleration of the drive shaft 33, 43 must not exceed a certain corresponding acceleration threshold. Consequently, during the implementation of step d), second values of a vibration parameter of the body 3, 4 are measured by a vibration sensor 18 then are compared with the vibration parameter threshold.
- the electric motor 15 is controlled so that the power supplied to the drive shaft 33, 43 is reduced and, therefore, the rotational acceleration of the drive shaft 33, 43 is decreased.
- the method for controlling the gas turbine engine 1 comprises a step aO), prior to step a), during which the electric motor 15 rotates the drive shaft 33 , 43 so as to rotate the drive shaft 33, 43 with a low rotational speed, less than 10 revolutions per minute.
- the slowed rotation speed is less than 5 rotations per minute.
- the slowed rotation speed is less than 2 rotations per minute.
- step aO) is implemented before starting the gas turbine engine, that is to say when the gas turbine engine is stopped.
- Step aO) is for example implemented when the aircraft 100 is stationary, on the tarmac. Step aO) makes it possible to limit the thermal heterogenization, i.e.
- the method further comprises a step of controlling the pressure of at least one damping fluid film 75 placed between the shaft drive 33, 43 and the casing of the gas turbine engine 14.
- these damping fluid films whose pressure is controlled are preferably located between the high-pressure body bearings 4 and the high-pressure body casing 4.
- these damping fluid films are lubricating layers such as oil. The purpose of these damping fluid films is to dampen the vibrations of the drive shaft 33, 43. Indeed, when the drive shaft 33, 43 vibrates, as for example when it is bent, all the components mounted on the drive shaft 33, 43 vibrate, and this causes damage to the gas turbine engine 1. It is therefore desired to dampen these vibrations.
- the damping fluid films between the bearings 7 and the casing of the gas turbine engine 14 are provided for this purpose.
- the pressure of the damping fluid films is generally variable because it depends on the speed of rotation of the drive shaft 33, 43.
- the pressure of the damping fluid films can vary between two and eight bars.
- the damping fluid films do not always optimally dampen the vibrations of the drive shaft 33, 43. Consequently, advantageously, the pressure of the damping fluid films is controlled.
- the pressure can for example be controlled by an electric pump 20.
- the damping fluid film 75 consists of a damping fluid, such as oil
- the electric pump 20 is connected to the circuit of the damping fluid to control its pressure.
- the electric pump 20 is connected to the damping fluid circuit supplying damping fluid to the damping fluid films of the high-pressure body bearings 4.
- the damping fluid circuit for the damping fluid films of the high-pressure body bearings 72 and low pressure body bearings 74 separate at some point to provide a damping fluid path for the high pressure body bearing damping fluid films 72 and a damping fluid path for the low body bearing damping fluid films pressure 74.
- the electric pump 20 is only connected to the damping fluid circuit for the damping fluid films of the high-pressure body bearings 72 to control the pressure of the damping fluid films of the high-pressure body bearings 72. Controlling the pressure means to control the pressure.
- the damping of the vibrations of the drive shaft 33, 43 is adapted to the intensity of the vibrations of the drive shaft 33, 43. For example, if the vibrations intensify, it may be necessary to increase the pressure of the damping fluid film 75 so that it is capable of absorbing these vibrations as much as possible. Thus, controlling the pressure makes it possible to limit the vibrations of the drive shaft 33, 43, which may be due to the fact that the drive shaft 33, 43 is curved. Consequently, the damage caused by these vibrations is limited.
- the body 3, 4 and the drive shaft 33, 43 is a question of the body 3, 4 and the drive shaft 33, 43.
- the body 3, 4 in question is the high pressure body 4 and the drive shaft 33, 43 is therefore the high pressure drive shaft 43.
- the thermal heterogenization during the cooling of the gas turbine engine is greater for the high pressure body 4 than for the low pressure body 3. It is therefore the high pressure drive shaft 43 which is more likely to be bent to the point that the high pressure body 4 is likely to enter into resonance.
- the present method applies especially to the high pressure body 4.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Turbines (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2201009A FR3132538B1 (fr) | 2022-02-04 | 2022-02-04 | Procédé de pilotage d’un moteur à turbine à gaz |
| PCT/FR2023/050152 WO2023148462A1 (fr) | 2022-02-04 | 2023-02-06 | Procédé de pilotage d'un moteur à turbine à gaz |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4473199A1 true EP4473199A1 (fr) | 2024-12-11 |
| EP4473199B1 EP4473199B1 (fr) | 2025-12-17 |
Family
ID=82319895
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23706824.2A Active EP4473199B1 (fr) | 2022-02-04 | 2023-02-06 | Procédé de pilotage d'un moteur à turbine à gaz |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12509997B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4473199B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN118647786A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3132538B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023148462A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10502139B2 (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2019-12-10 | General Electric Company | Method of starting a gas turbine engine including a cooling phase |
| US9494048B1 (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2016-11-15 | United Technologies Corporation | Active system for bearing oil damper supply and vibration control |
| US10443505B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2019-10-15 | United Technologies Corporation | Bowed rotor start mitigation in a gas turbine engine |
| US10040577B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2018-08-07 | United Technologies Corporation | Modified start sequence of a gas turbine engine |
| US9664070B1 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2017-05-30 | United Technologies Corporation | Bowed rotor prevention system |
| FR3047771A1 (fr) * | 2016-02-16 | 2017-08-18 | Airbus Operations Sas | Systeme et procede de demarrage des moteurs d'un aeronef bimoteur |
| EP3211184B1 (fr) * | 2016-02-29 | 2021-05-05 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Système et procédé de prévention de courbure de rotor |
| US10724443B2 (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2020-07-28 | General Electric Company | Turbine engine and method of operating |
| EP3415729B8 (fr) | 2017-06-15 | 2021-04-07 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Système de surveillance et de prévention de rotor courbé de faible puissance |
| US11795872B2 (en) * | 2020-02-14 | 2023-10-24 | Rtx Corporation | Engine and secondary power unit integrated operation |
-
2022
- 2022-02-04 FR FR2201009A patent/FR3132538B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-02-06 WO PCT/FR2023/050152 patent/WO2023148462A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-02-06 US US18/833,545 patent/US12509997B2/en active Active
- 2023-02-06 EP EP23706824.2A patent/EP4473199B1/fr active Active
- 2023-02-06 CN CN202380019962.9A patent/CN118647786A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN118647786A (zh) | 2024-09-13 |
| FR3132538B1 (fr) | 2023-12-22 |
| US12509997B2 (en) | 2025-12-30 |
| FR3132538A1 (fr) | 2023-08-11 |
| EP4473199B1 (fr) | 2025-12-17 |
| WO2023148462A1 (fr) | 2023-08-10 |
| US20250237153A1 (en) | 2025-07-24 |
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