EP4477947A1 - Élément de revêtement pour une chambre de combustion - Google Patents

Élément de revêtement pour une chambre de combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4477947A1
EP4477947A1 EP23179823.2A EP23179823A EP4477947A1 EP 4477947 A1 EP4477947 A1 EP 4477947A1 EP 23179823 A EP23179823 A EP 23179823A EP 4477947 A1 EP4477947 A1 EP 4477947A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wear layer
lining
carrier element
carrier
combustion chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23179823.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rolf MENGELT
Heinz Günther
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Swisscomb GmbH
Original Assignee
Swisscomb GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Swisscomb GmbH filed Critical Swisscomb GmbH
Priority to EP23179823.2A priority Critical patent/EP4477947A1/fr
Publication of EP4477947A1 publication Critical patent/EP4477947A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H3/00—Grates with hollow bars
    • F23H3/02—Grates with hollow bars internally cooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H7/00—Inclined or stepped grates
    • F23H7/06—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding
    • F23H7/08—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding reciprocating along their axes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/101—Furnace arrangements with stepped or inclined grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H2900/00—Special features of combustion grates
    • F23H2900/17001—Specific materials therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a lining element, in particular a sliding grate element for a combustion chamber of a furnace, comprising a carrier element made of a metal or a metal alloy, wherein the carrier element is provided with a wear layer at least on a front side.
  • the invention further relates to a lining element produced according to the method.
  • Lining elements for combustion chambers of furnaces are subject to particular stresses, particularly when they are used for the combustion of solid fuels or domestic and/or commercial waste. In the latter case, it is difficult to predict what kind of materials will be fed into the combustion chamber.
  • the lining elements are therefore subject to particular stress not only thermally, but also abrasive and corrosive.
  • Typical combustion chambers comprise grate elements and wall elements of a combustion chamber as lining elements.
  • the lining elements can also comprise elements for the feed unit which introduces the fuel into the combustion chamber.
  • the lining elements particularly those lining elements which are exposed to the heat of the combustion chamber during operation, are generally cooled in order to extend their service life. Cooling can be carried out using process air, but cooling with a cooling liquid, particularly water, is better. For this purpose, it is known to provide the lining elements with fluid lines on the back, on the side facing the combustion chamber, through which the cooling liquid can be fed. Individual lining elements are connected to each other via connecting points in such a way that the cooling liquid can flow through several lining elements.
  • the lining element preferably comprises a grate element, in particular a sliding grate element. These are exposed to particularly high levels of wear during operation due to the thermal, chemical and mechanical stress.
  • the lining element also preferably comprises wall elements of the combustion chamber, as these are also exposed to a similar level of high levels of wear.
  • the lining elements also comprise elements for the Feed unit which introduces the fuel into the combustion chamber. These elements are generally subjected to lower thermal and chemical loads, but the mechanical load can be similar to that of the grate elements, in particular the sliding grate elements.
  • the elements of the feed unit do not necessarily have to be designed according to the invention, but can be designed in a different way (welding or the like).
  • the wear layer is a flat element, the wear layer can be made relatively thick, which in turn can extend the service life of the wear layer. Furthermore, a wear layer can be provided which, in contrast to the wear layers achieved by deposition welding, is characterized by particularly good flatness. This preferably means that post-processing of the wear layer, in particular post-processing of the surface of the wear layer after the lining element has been produced, can be dispensed with. This results in a particularly cost-effective and efficient method for producing a lining element.
  • the wear layer is integrally bonded to the surface of the carrier element at least over a partial surface of the flat element, particularly preferably over a full surface of the flat element.
  • the wear layer is thus particularly preferably integrally bonded to the carrier element over the entire contact surface.
  • the area in which there is an integral connection between the flat element and the carrier element is preferably at least 100 cm 2 in the lining element, particularly preferably at least 1000 cm 2 . This creates a lining element in which particularly optimal heat transport between the wear layer and the carrier element is possible. This allows the lining element to be cooled particularly efficiently and evenly during operation in the combustion chamber, which can avoid stresses in the wear layer. This in turn ensures a particularly long service life for the wear layer.
  • the material-locking connection now creates a particularly durable and secure connection between the wear layer and the carrier element. Furthermore, this ensures particularly good heat transfer between the wear layer and the carrier element. so that the lining element can heat up and cool down evenly during the process. This means that stresses and cracks in the lining element caused by temperature gradients can be largely avoided.
  • full surface refers to the entire surface of the flat element that faces the carrier element during the manufacturing process. If the full surface of the wear layer is congruent or can be covered by the carrier element, a full-surface, material-locking connection between the wear layer and the carrier element is possible.
  • the partial area of the wear layer designed as a flat element is to be understood in relation to the carrier element.
  • the wear layer and the carrier element are preferably overlapping, so that the wear layer and the carrier element of the lining element are integrally connected over their entire surface via their facing surfaces.
  • the wear layer has a larger, smaller or otherwise non-overlapping shape with respect to the carrier element.
  • a partial area of the flat element in the lining element is integrally connected to the carrier element.
  • the partial area of the flat element preferably comprises more than 80 96, particularly preferably more than 95 96 of the full surface of the flat element.
  • the material connection is made under the influence of pressure.
  • pressure The person skilled in the art is familiar with corresponding variants, in particular, for example, thermal, chemical or electrochemical processes.
  • the wear layer can also have a lower Brinell hardness of less than 800.
  • a corresponding choice of material can be advantageous if other stresses are in focus, such as chemical or other stresses.
  • the carrier element preferably has a Brinell hardness of between 300 and 800, preferably between 350 and 600, particularly preferably between 400 and 500.
  • the carrier element can therefore be made of structural steel or stainless steel, for example. This enables the carrier elements to be manufactured cost-effectively. It is generally advantageous if the hardness of the carrier element, as well as that of the wear layer, is as high as possible in order to enable long service lives. On the other hand, the carrier element should be made of the most cost-effective material possible so that the lining element as a whole is cost-effective. Therefore, the Brinell hardness range between 350 and 600, in particular between 400 and 500, is particularly preferred.
  • the carrier element can also have a Brinell hardness greater than 800 or a Brinell hardness less than 300.
  • the wear layer is bonded to the carrier element by means of explosive plating or roll plating. Using these techniques, the wear layer can be bonded to the carrier element as a flat element particularly easily and efficiently.
  • the wear layer is pressed onto the carrier element using explosives under high pressure, thus achieving a material-tight connection
  • the wear layer is positioned at a short distance from the carrier element and the explosive is then detonated.
  • the distance between the wear layer and the carrier element can be achieved, for example, by spacers or by studs on the wear layer, on the carrier element or on both.
  • the process is basically known to the person skilled in the art.
  • metals and metal alloys are known to those skilled in the art, which are particularly suitable for all applications, particularly with regard to thermal, chemical, mechanical stresses or combinations thereof. As is well known, many of the metal alloys are not suitable or only partially suitable for build-up welding.
  • metals and metal alloys can now be used as wear layers that are otherwise difficult to join or hardly suitable for build-up welding (such as aluminum with steel). This results in a process with which a large number of different metals and metal alloys can be used as wear layers. This means that the wear layer can be adapted to requirements with particular precision without having to take criteria such as joinability into account. On the one hand, this can be used to create lining elements that have special chemical resistances (e.g. resistance to certain acids or the like, or which are particularly suitable for abrasive stress or thermal stress.
  • special chemical resistances e.g. resistance to certain acids or the like, or which are particularly suitable for abrasive stress or thermal stress.
  • the lining elements can thus not only be tailored to specific combustion chambers or to the material to be burned, but also within a combustion chamber to the local stresses.
  • different wear layers can be provided on the lining elements for different temperature zones, for example.
  • wear layers can be provided that can withstand high mechanical or abrasive stresses, while in the high temperature area, wear layers can be provided that are particularly thermally stable.
  • the wear layers can be specifically adapted to the type of fuel (domestic waste, commercial waste, hazardous waste, etc.) in order to achieve the longest possible service life of the lining elements.
  • the wear layer can be bonded to the carrier element using friction welding.
  • the flat element preferably has a thickness of between 4 and 30 mm, preferably between 6 and 15 mm.
  • the flat element is bonded to the surface of the carrier element in a material-locking manner during the manufacturing process. In this process, the thickness of the flat element can decrease, particularly if high pressure is used for the material-locking connection (e.g. by explosive bonding or roll bonding).
  • the wear layer in the finished lining element therefore preferably has a thickness of between 2 and 20 mm, particularly preferably between 4 and 10 mm.
  • the wear layer can also have a thickness less than 4 mm.
  • the flat element has a surface area of at least 0.1 m 2 , preferably at least 0.3 m 2 , particularly preferably at least 0.6 m 2 .
  • This allows a carrier element to be provided with a wear layer over a large area in a single work step.
  • This provides a particularly efficient manufacturing process for a Lining element is created.
  • to produce a lining element exactly one flat element is connected in a material-locking manner to a carrier element.
  • several flat elements can also be connected in a material-locking manner to a carrier element - this can be advantageous if, for example, a main surface and an adjoining beveled end face are to be provided with the wear layer.
  • the carrier element comprises a fluid line for a cooling liquid to flow through on a side opposite the wear layer, the fluid line being arranged in a meandering shape in particular. This allows the lining element to be cooled during operation, thereby increasing the service life of the lining element.
  • the fluid line can be omitted.
  • cooling can be achieved with process air, for example.
  • the carrier element preferably consists of steel, in particular stainless steel, for example structural steel or stainless steel.
  • the carrier element can thus be produced inexpensively. Suitable types of steel are known to those skilled in the art.
  • the lining element is particularly preferred for use in a combustion chamber that works according to the principle of moving grate combustion.
  • a so-called moving grate usually comprises grates arranged in a staircase shape (staircase grates), which are alternately fixed and movable in the direction of movement. This is how the fuel is transported through the combustion chamber.
  • the moving grate typically has a gradient of around 8 to 15 degrees. Staircase grates are particularly preferred for coarse and ash-rich fuels, especially for the combustion of household and commercial waste.
  • a sliding grate arrangement comprises several lining elements designed as sliding grate elements, arranged one behind the other in a longitudinal direction, overlapping in a step-like manner.
  • a sliding grate element is arranged in a fixed manner in an alternating manner and a sliding grate element following it in the longitudinal direction is movable, in particular in the longitudinal direction.
  • the lining element is designed as a grate element, in particular as a sliding grate element and/or a wall element for the combustion chamber.
  • the lining element can also be used for other types of combustion chambers. Since the lining element can be equipped with almost any wear layers, particularly in the case of explosive or roll cladding, different types of combustion chambers can be lined with lining elements that have tailor-made wear layers.
  • the lining element preferably has a width of between 15 cm and 50 cm, preferably between 20 and 40 cm, particularly preferably between 25 cm and 35 cm.
  • the lining element can therefore have a typical width of a sliding grate.
  • the width can optionally also be less than 15 cm or greater than 50 cm.
  • the lining element preferably has a length of at least 50 cm, preferably at least 100 cm, particularly preferably at least 200 cm.
  • the lining elements can be made relatively large. This reduces the number of lining elements required in a combustion chamber. This in turn leads to lower risks of leaks between the cooling circuits of the lining elements, particularly at the transitions of the cooling circuits between the lining elements (if fluid cooling is provided).
  • the wear layer is connected as a flat element to the surface of the carrier element and thus the effort for the material-locking connection to the carrier element is largely independent of the size of the carrier element.
  • the length of the lining element can also be less than 50 cm. Even in the case of lining elements with small surfaces, production using the method according to the invention is typically less complex than, for example, using a build-up welding method.
  • the wear layer can be made from different metals or metal alloys.
  • the wear layer to be connected to the carrier element can be designed as a plate-shaped element which consists, for example, of nickel-based alloys such as nickel-copper, nickel-iron, nickel-iron-chromium, nickel-chromium, nickel-molybdenum-chromium, nickel-chromium-iron alloys, etc.
  • nickel-based alloys such as nickel-copper, nickel-iron, nickel-iron-chromium, nickel-chromium, nickel-molybdenum-chromium, nickel-chromium-iron alloys, etc.
  • alloys such as Inconel 601, Hastelloy, IN-100, etc. can be used.
  • the nickel content in these alloys is preferably at least 95% by weight, more preferably at least 99% by weight, particularly preferably at least 99.9% by weight.
  • Nickel alloys are suitable for the present application because they have very good corrosion and high temperature resistance.
  • the plate-shaped element can also be made of stellite, which is an alloy based on chromium. Stellite is also preferable because it is highly resistant to wear, such as corrosion or abrasion, particularly at high temperatures.
  • various types of steel can be used, in particular steel types with one or more of the following additives: chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, titanium, vanadium, tungsten, niobium, boron.
  • chromium copper, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, titanium, vanadium, tungsten, niobium, boron.
  • nickel the acid resistance can be improved.
  • vanadium the Workability is improved.
  • Copper alloys such as tombac, particularly silicon tombac or similar can be used. These can be used as a wear layer, particularly when the lining elements are sufficiently cooled.
  • Suitable alloys are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the advantage of the invention is that with all these alloys with variable weight proportions of the additives, the properties required in the area of application can be taken into account when choosing an alloy for the flat element, without having to take weldability with the material of the carrier element into account.
  • This enables the wear layer to be adapted much better to the conditions in the combustion chamber.
  • a wear layer can be provided at the entrance to a pusher grate furnace which is particularly resistant to abrasive stress or is particularly hard. At the exit side, mainly ash and slag are transported, which means that the wear layer can be selected in such a way that it is particularly acid-resistant, for example.
  • the Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of the roll-plating process for producing a sliding grate element 1 according to the Figure 1
  • the wear layer 2 is positioned on a carrier element 3 in the form of a flat element and pressed by means of a rolling process between two rollers 4 and 5 under high pressure in such a way that a material bond is achieved between the carrier element 3 and the wear layer 2.
  • the carrier element 3 is in the form of a steel plate with a thickness of 12 mm.
  • the wear layer 2 is also in the form of a plate and is in the form of a copper alloy. In order to optimize the process, the carrier element 3 and/or the wear layer 2 in the form of a flat element can be heated.
  • the plate is cut to the size of a lining element, i.e. the size of a sliding grate element or a wall element cut to size (e.g. by laser cutting).
  • a lining element i.e. the size of a sliding grate element or a wall element cut to size (e.g. by laser cutting).
  • one end is bent or welded on.
  • the end is also provided with the wear layer because, among other things, this is used to transport the fuel during the process.
  • the surface and/or end of the moving grate element can be provided with holes/slots through which the process air is fed to the fuel during use in the combustion chamber. These can also be introduced by laser cutting.
  • the Figure 3 a schematic representation of the explosive plating process for producing a sliding grate element.
  • the illustration shows the support element 3 made of structural steel, over which the wear layer 2 made of a copper alloy is positioned as a flat element at a small distance. The distance can be achieved, for example, by nubs on the wear layer 2 or on the support element 3.
  • An explosive layer 6 is applied to the wear layer 2. In the process, the explosive 6 is now ignited, which accelerates the wear layer 2 against the support element 3. This creates a material bond between the wear layer 2 and the support element 3.
  • the lining element can be equipped with the desired properties particularly simply and precisely by the method according to the invention, since the wear layer can be selected largely freely, in particular independently of weldability.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
EP23179823.2A 2023-06-16 2023-06-16 Élément de revêtement pour une chambre de combustion Pending EP4477947A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP23179823.2A EP4477947A1 (fr) 2023-06-16 2023-06-16 Élément de revêtement pour une chambre de combustion

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP23179823.2A EP4477947A1 (fr) 2023-06-16 2023-06-16 Élément de revêtement pour une chambre de combustion

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4477947A1 true EP4477947A1 (fr) 2024-12-18

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EP23179823.2A Pending EP4477947A1 (fr) 2023-06-16 2023-06-16 Élément de revêtement pour une chambre de combustion

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EP (1) EP4477947A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5947719A (en) * 1996-06-05 1999-09-07 Krupp Polysius Ag Grate plate construction
WO2007107024A1 (fr) 2006-03-17 2007-09-27 Doikos Investments Ltd. Grille refroidie par liquide comprenant des plaques d'usure
WO2018177919A1 (fr) * 2017-03-29 2018-10-04 Federal-Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh Palier lisse à trois matériaux plaqué par laminage, doté de deux couches d'aluminum
EP3715715A1 (fr) * 2019-03-29 2020-09-30 Eurodur GmbH Plaque de grillage pour un four à grille à poussée

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5947719A (en) * 1996-06-05 1999-09-07 Krupp Polysius Ag Grate plate construction
WO2007107024A1 (fr) 2006-03-17 2007-09-27 Doikos Investments Ltd. Grille refroidie par liquide comprenant des plaques d'usure
WO2018177919A1 (fr) * 2017-03-29 2018-10-04 Federal-Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh Palier lisse à trois matériaux plaqué par laminage, doté de deux couches d'aluminum
EP3715715A1 (fr) * 2019-03-29 2020-09-30 Eurodur GmbH Plaque de grillage pour un four à grille à poussée

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