EP4480015A1 - Procédé et appareil de fabrication d'électrodes en forme de bande - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de fabrication d'électrodes en forme de bande

Info

Publication number
EP4480015A1
EP4480015A1 EP23703829.4A EP23703829A EP4480015A1 EP 4480015 A1 EP4480015 A1 EP 4480015A1 EP 23703829 A EP23703829 A EP 23703829A EP 4480015 A1 EP4480015 A1 EP 4480015A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
strip
metal foil
shaped metal
electrode material
strips
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23703829.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dominik Rausch
Andreas Keil
Winfried Gaugler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Duerr Systems AG
VARTA Microbattery GmbH
Original Assignee
Duerr Systems AG
VARTA Microbattery GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Duerr Systems AG, VARTA Microbattery GmbH filed Critical Duerr Systems AG
Publication of EP4480015A1 publication Critical patent/EP4480015A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/75—Wires, rods or strips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
    • B05C11/10—Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent material; Recovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
    • B05C11/1002—Means for controlling supply, i.e. flow or pressure, of liquid or other fluent material to the applying apparatus, e.g. valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C5/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
    • B05C5/02—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work
    • B05C5/0254—Coating heads with slot-shaped outlet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C5/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
    • B05C5/02—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work
    • B05C5/027—Coating heads with several outlets, e.g. aligned transversally to the moving direction of a web to be coated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C9/00—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important
    • B05C9/04—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying liquid or other fluent material to opposite sides of the work
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0411—Methods of deposition of the material by extrusion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing strip-shaped electrodes comprising a strip-shaped current collector which is covered on both sides with a layer of an electrode material and which has an area not covered with the electrode material extending along one of its longitudinal edges on both sides. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for the production of such electrodes and the use of such electrodes and electrochemical energy storage elements that can be produced therewith.
  • Electrochemical energy storage elements are capable of converting stored chemical energy into electrical energy through a redox reaction.
  • the simplest form of electrochemical energy storage element is the electrochemical cell. It comprises a positive electrode and a negative electrode separated from each other by a separator. During a discharge, electrons are released at the negative electrode as a result of an oxidation process. This results in an electron stream that can be tapped off by an external electrical consumer for which the electrochemical cell serves as an energy supplier. At the same time, an ion current corresponding to the electrode reaction occurs within the cell. This flow of ions traverses the separator and is made possible by an ion-conducting electrolyte.
  • the discharge of the electrochemical energy storage element is reversible, ie it is possible to reverse the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy during the discharge and to charge the cell or the element again, this is referred to as a secondary element.
  • electrochemical energy storage element is understood not only to mean an individual electrochemical cell, but also a battery that is made up of a plurality of individual electrochemical cells.
  • WO 2017/215900 A1 describes cylindrical round cells in which a composite body is formed from band-shaped electrodes and is in the form of a coil.
  • the electrodes each have current collectors loaded with electrode material.
  • Oppositely polarized electrodes are arranged offset to one another within the composite body, so that longitudinal edges of the current collectors of the positive electrodes emerge from the winding at one end and longitudinal edges of the current collectors of the negative electrodes at a second end.
  • the cell has contact plates which are seated on the end faces of the winding and are connected to the protruding longitudinal edges of the current collectors by welding. This makes it possible to electrically contact the current collectors and thus also the associated electrodes over their entire length. This significantly lowers the internal resistance within the described cell. As a result, the occurrence of large currents can be intercepted much better and heat can also be better dissipated from the winding.
  • strip-shaped electrodes In order to ensure good connection of the longitudinal edges of the current collectors to the contact plate in such cells, it is expedient to use strip-shaped electrodes to form the coil, which are free of electrode material along one of their longitudinal edges, namely the longitudinal edge to be contacted.
  • These strip-shaped electrodes thus have a strip-shaped current collector on which a layer of a positive or a negative electrode material is applied on both sides and which has an area along one of its longitudinal edges in which it is not covered with the electrode material on both sides.
  • the flow ko Hector preferably has no such free edge region along its second longitudinal edge.
  • strip-shaped electrodes in a coating process in which pasty electrode materials are applied to current collectors.
  • the current collectors are usually strip-shaped metal foils.
  • the electrode materials are applied, for example, by means of a slot nozzle, as is described in EP 3608028 B1.
  • one side of a strip-shaped metal foil is first coated with a strip of the electrode material.
  • the strip coated on one side is then dried and wound up.
  • the second side of the strip-shaped metal foil is coated with the same electrode material, again in the form of a strip, and dried.
  • the current collectors must be placed without any offset, i.e. in such a way that the strips on both sides completely overlap with one another when viewed perpendicularly to the strip-shaped metal foil.
  • the areas not covered with the electrode material should also have a constant width on both sides of the current collector along the respective longitudinal edge over the entire length of the electrode. This is difficult to achieve in the tandem process described, and the required precision is often not achieved.
  • Another approach works with subsequent removal of the coating in the longitudinal edge areas of the electrode bands, for example by means of a laser or mechanically. These methods are also very complex.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved method for the production of strip-shaped electrodes which have a strip-shaped current collector coated on both sides with electrode material Contacting is provided, for example, with a contact plate.
  • a contact plate With regard to production in large numbers, it should be possible to manufacture a plurality of strip-shaped electrodes in parallel, with the problem of a track offset between the coated areas of the strip-shaped electrodes being addressed.
  • the method is intended to make it possible to produce strip-shaped electrodes with great precision, while at the same time the method is intended to be suitable for mass production.
  • a preferred embodiment of the method described has the features of claim 1. Preferred developments of this method are the subject matter of the claims dependent on claim 1.
  • a preferred embodiment of the device for producing strip-shaped electrodes is the subject matter of independent claim 8. Further preferred embodiments of this device result from the claims dependent on claim 8.
  • Also covered by the invention are strip-shaped electrodes that are produced according to the method described, and the use of these strip-shaped electrodes and electrochemical energy storage elements with such strip-shaped electrodes, as also results from the other independent claims.
  • the method according to the invention serves to produce strip-shaped electrodes which comprise a strip-shaped current collector.
  • the current collector has two sides and is covered on both sides with a layer of an electrode material.
  • the current ko Hector has on both sides a region which extends along one of its longitudinal edges and is not covered with electrode material.
  • the current collector is thus free of electrode material on both sides along this longitudinal edge. This area is provided for making electrical contact with the electrode, for example with a contact plate or the housing of an electrochemical energy storage cell or a battery.
  • the method according to the invention for producing such strip-shaped electrodes comprises the following method steps: a. Providing a band-shaped metal foil. b. Coating of the band-shaped metal foil with an electrode material in a continuous process, with several parallel strips of the electrode material on the first Side of the strip-shaped metal foil and an equal number of parallel strips of the electrode material are applied to the second side of the strip-shaped metal foil by means of application nozzles, so that in the viewing direction perpendicular to the strip-shaped metal foil, one strip on the first side with one of the strips on the second side of the strip-shaped Metal foil overlaps, with an uncoated strip-shaped area remaining free of the electrode material on both sides between immediately adjacent parallel strips of the electrode material.
  • the method is characterized by the following feature: c.
  • the parallel strips of electrode material are applied simultaneously to the first side and the second side of the strip-shaped metal foil.
  • Simultaneous application means that both sides of the strip-shaped metal foil are coated simultaneously and in one operation and with a temporal overlap.
  • the operation here preferably includes the coating of both sides of the metal foil in the context of a single pass through a coating device, in particular a device for the production of strip-shaped electrodes according to the following description. Coating on both sides can particularly preferably take place in a continuous process, with both sides of the metal foil being coated simultaneously and optionally spatially offset.
  • One side of the metal foil is preferably not coated first, as is the case with conventional production methods, before the coating is carried out on the other side in a separate operation, in each case with subsequent drying. Rather, the method according to the invention provides that the coating of the first and the second side takes place simultaneously. Multiple processing of the strip-shaped metal foil in successive coating processes, including associated winding, unwinding, deflection and calibration processes, is not required. As a result, the problem of a possible offset between the strips on the first and second side of the strip-shaped metal foil can be counteracted better.
  • metal foil is not just a metallic foil in the actual sense, but more generally any flat, strip-shaped substrate that has an electrical conductivity that is sufficiently high that it can serve as a current collector of an electrode.
  • a strip-shaped graphite foil or a graphitized, metalized or otherwise provided with an electrically conductive coating film-like substrate can thus also be used as a strip-shaped substrate for the production of the strip-shaped electrodes.
  • Further suitable strip-shaped substrates are also metal nets or metal grids or substrates based on metal foams or nonwovens made from metal filaments or metalized threads.
  • a misalignment of the strips that can be detected in this way is corrected by correcting the position of at least one of the application nozzles relative to the strip-shaped metal foil.
  • a. to c. from: a.
  • the strips of electrode material are applied using application nozzles.
  • b. It is detected, preferably with the aid of at least one sensor, whether an offset occurs between overlapping strips on the first side and the second side and/or whether an offset exceeds a predefined threshold value.
  • c. In the event of an offset between overlapping strips on the first side and the second side and/or if the predefined threshold value for the offset is exceeded, the position of at least one of the application nozzles relative to the strip-shaped metal foil is corrected.
  • the offset that actually occurs between the overlapping strips on the first side and the second side of the metal foil is detected and/or measured, so that corrective measures can be initiated if necessary.
  • the position of at least one of the application nozzles with which the strips of the electrode material are applied is preferably corrected accordingly.
  • the position of one or more application nozzles can be changed.
  • the coating is independent of other parameters, for example subsequent drying. This leads to highly accurate, congruent, double-sided and multi-track coatings. In this way, a double-sided, multi-track stripe coating can be realized that does not require any later corrections or post-processing for highly accurate tracking.
  • the method is distinguished by at least one of the following additional features a. and b. from: a.
  • the strips of electrode material are applied to at least one of the sides of the strip-shaped metal foil by means of a plurality of single-nozzle coating heads, each with an application nozzle whose positions relative to one another can be varied.
  • the single-nozzle coating heads can each be displaced perpendicularly to the direction in which the strip-shaped metal foil runs.
  • the single-nozzle coating heads can be moved perpendicularly to the direction of passage of the strip-shaped metal foil (at a preferably constant distance from the metal foil), the distance between the application nozzles and the edge of the metal foil can be varied, so that any misalignment that may occur when coating the two sides in Responds to the overlapping stripes on both sides of the metal foil and the position of one or more application nozzles can be corrected.
  • corresponding adjustable single-nozzle coating heads can be provided on both sides of the strip-shaped metal foil in order to be able to make corrections during the coating on both sides of the metal foil.
  • At least one of the immediately following additional features is provided: a.
  • the application of the strips of the electrode material takes place on the first side of the band-shaped metal foil by means of at least one multi-nozzle coating head, which comprises a number of application nozzles at fixed distances from one another, b. the strips of electrode material are applied to the second side of the strip-shaped metal foil by means of the single-nozzle coating heads, each with one application nozzle whose positions can be varied relative to other application nozzles.
  • the aforementioned features a. and b. in combination with one another, so that on one side of the strip-shaped metal foil the coating takes place with rigid application nozzles or with one or more multi-nozzle coating heads, which comprise several application nozzles at fixed distances from one another, while on the other side the strip-shaped metal foil is coated with flexible application nozzles, in particular with several single-nozzle coating heads, the position of which can be varied.
  • the coating on one of the sides of the metal foil can be adjusted in the event of an offset that may occur, it can be used without further disadvantages on the other whose sides are worked with rigid application nozzles, so that the use of the somewhat more complex flexible application nozzles can be limited to one side.
  • the first side discussed here and the second side are in principle interchangeable.
  • the rigid application nozzles can therefore be assigned both to an A side and to a B side and the flexible application nozzles to both a B side and an A side when coating a metal foil.
  • the two sides of the metal foil strip are coated simultaneously on both sides and in multiple tracks with electrode material in a continuous process, in a manner of speaking non-stop, with the coating of one side of the strip-shaped metal foil with an electrode material using one or optionally several multi-nozzle coating heads with two or more rigidly arranged application nozzles.
  • the other side of the strip-shaped metal foil is coated with an electrode material using two or more single-nozzle coating heads, each with an application nozzle.
  • the single-nozzle coating heads are arranged so that they can be displaced across the width of the strip-shaped metal foil in such a way that the application of the electrode material can be adjusted and corrected by shifting the single-nozzle coating heads to avoid an offset between the traces of the electrode material on both sides of the metal foil.
  • Both the application nozzles of the multi-nozzle coating head and the application nozzles of the single-nozzle coating heads can be designed in accordance with EP 3608028 B1.
  • a possible misalignment between the overlapping strips on the first side and the second side of the strip-shaped metal foil can be detected in different ways.
  • the use of a sensor system that can detect this offset in an automated manner is particularly preferred.
  • at least one of the following additional features can be implemented in this regard: a. To detect a possible misalignment between overlapping strips on the first side and the second side of the strip-shaped metal foil, the distance of at least one of the strips from a longitudinal edge of the strip-shaped metal foil and/or a change in this distance are recorded, b.
  • the distance of at least one of the strips from an adjacent strip and/or a change in this distance are detected, c. to detect a possible misalignment between overlapping strips on the first side and the second side of the strip-shaped metal foil, the center lines of the strips and/or a change in the center lines are detected.
  • the aforementioned features a. to c. alternatively be realized.
  • a camera for example, can advantageously be used as a sensor system for detecting the possible offset.
  • an edge sensor or the like can be used.
  • Another possibility is, for example, the measurement of light reflections, since the coated areas and the uncoated areas of the metal foil can be clearly distinguished from one another by their reflection properties.
  • the method is characterized by at least one of the following additional features: a. After the strip-shaped metal foil has been coated on both sides, the strips of electrode material are dried. b. The electrode material is dried in a flotation dryer.
  • the aforementioned features a. and b. implemented in combination. Drying the electrode materials immediately after they have been applied to the strip-shaped metal foil is generally expedient. Such drying is known in principle.
  • the method according to the invention can be distinguished from conventional methods in particular in that the drying of the coating on both sides of the strip-shaped metal foil takes place simultaneously, ie with a time overlap in one and the same work step.
  • exactly the same conditions prevail for the drying of the coating on both sides of the strip-shaped metal foil, so that the simultaneous drying does not result in any further tolerances in the coatings on both sides and thus no further tolerances in the trace application.
  • This measure also further improves the production of highly precise and congruent strips of electrode material on both sides of the metal foil.
  • simultaneous drying of the coatings improves the energy balance of the process.
  • a flotation dryer for drying is particularly advantageous, since the metal foil freshly coated on both sides does not come into contact, for example with a roller or the like.
  • a vacuum plate in connection with air nozzles can be used in a manner known per se for a flotation dryer.
  • an additional intermediate drying step can also be advantageous.
  • the metal foil coated on one side can run through a first drying device in a continuous process before the second side of the metal foil is coated. Simultaneous coating of both sides also takes place in this embodiment, since the process is continuous and continuous.
  • the intermediate drying has the particular advantage that the coating of the first side is so insensitive after the drying process that deflection rollers or the like can also attack the already coated side of the metal foil.
  • the coating process according to the invention can also be applied to a so-called tandem coating process.
  • a position or limitation of the coating tracks on the first side of the metal foil is determined after leaving a first drying stage and used to align the application nozzles of a second coating stage in such a way that an offset of the coating tracks on the first Page is minimized to the coating tracks to be applied to the second side of the metal foil.
  • the coated metal foil When applying several strips of an electrode material to the strip-shaped metal foil, it is expedient for the coated metal foil to be severed in the longitudinal direction in order to provide the strip-shaped electrodes to be produced from the metal foil in the desired width.
  • At least one of the following additional features is provided: a. After coating the strip-shaped metal foil on both sides and/or after drying the electrode material, the strip-shaped metal foil coated with the electrode material is severed, in particular cut, in the longitudinal direction to form the strip-shaped electrodes, b. To separate the band-shaped metal foil, the foil is cut in the longitudinal direction, a cut being made through at least one of the uncoated strip-shaped areas which are arranged between adjacent strips of the electrode material, c. To separate the band-shaped metal foil, the foil is cut in the longitudinal direction, with a cut being made through at least one of the strips.
  • the uncoated strip-shaped areas between adjacent strips of the electrode material are preferably severed once centrally in the longitudinal direction and the strips of the electrode material once centrally in the longitudinal direction, in particular cut, so that a plurality of electrodes to be produced can be provided from the metal foil.
  • the required length of the strip-shaped electrode can subsequently be cut accordingly.
  • the width of the strip-shaped metal foil can be adapted to the number and dimensions of the strip-shaped electrodes to be produced. Two strips, three strips, four strips or five strips can preferably be applied congruently on both sides of the metal foil. By cutting once in the longitudinal direction, for example, from a two-lane Strips of the electrode material applied on both sides can be used to obtain two strip-shaped electrodes.
  • the electrode material can be applied to both sides of the strip-shaped metal foil, so that six to sixteen electrode strips can be cut from them, which in turn can be cut to different lengths depending on the size of the energy storage cells to be produced.
  • the width of the strip-shaped metal foil can be, for example, 100 to 1000 mm, preferably about 200 to 800 mm.
  • the strips of electrode material typically have a width in the range from 20 mm to 200 mm, preferably from 50 mm to 150 mm. Their thickness is preferably below 500 ⁇ m.
  • the length of the strip-shaped metal foil can be, for example, 1000 to 3000 m.
  • Conventional materials which are known to the person skilled in the art for the production of electrochemical energy storage elements can be used as materials for the strip-shaped electrodes.
  • conventional anodic electrode materials and cathodic electrode materials can be used as electrode materials, with the strip-shaped metal foil being coated either on both sides with an anodic electrode material or on both sides with a cathodic electrode material.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for the production of strip-shaped electrodes for lithium-ion cells.
  • Secondary lithium-ion cells are used as energy storage elements for many applications, since they can provide high currents and are characterized by a comparatively high energy density. They are based on the use of lithium, which can migrate back and forth between the electrodes of the cell in the form of ions.
  • the negative electrode and the positive electrode of a lithium-ion cell are usually formed by what are known as composite electrodes, which also include electrochemically inactive components in addition to electrochemically active components.
  • electrochemically active components for secondary lithium-ion cells
  • active materials for secondary lithium-ion cells
  • carbon-based particles such as graphitic carbon are used for the negative electrode.
  • Oxidic metal compounds that can reversibly intercalate lithium for example lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn 2 O 4 ), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) or derivatives thereof, can be used as active materials for the positive electrode.
  • the electrode material used within the scope of the present invention can include these electrochemically active materials, in particular in particle form.
  • the current collector which in the case of the strip-shaped electrodes produced according to the invention is formed in strip form from the strip-shaped metal foil.
  • the current collector serves as a carrier for the respective active material.
  • the current collector for the negative electrode can be formed of, for example, copper or nickel
  • the current collector for the positive electrode can be formed of, for example, aluminum.
  • the metal foil that is coated with electrode material in the context of the method according to the invention is preferably made of aluminum, nickel or copper.
  • the electrodes can comprise an electrode binder (e.g. polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or another polymer, for example carboxymethyl cellulose), conductivity-improving additives and other additives as electrochemically inactive components.
  • an electrode binder e.g. polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or another polymer, for example carboxymethyl cellulose
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • the electrode binder ensures the mechanical stability of the electrodes and often also the adhesion of the active material to the current collectors.
  • the invention also includes a device for producing the strip-shaped electrodes already described.
  • This device includes the following features: a.
  • the device comprises a conveying path for conveying a strip-shaped metal foil, which has a first and a second side, in the direction of a throughput direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the metal foil, b.
  • the device comprises a plurality of application nozzles which are used to coat the first side of the strip-shaped metal foil and the second side of the strip-shaped metal foil with an electrode material and are positioned accordingly, c.
  • the application nozzles are positioned in such a way that several parallel strips of the electrode material can be applied to the first side of the strip-shaped metal foil and an equal number of parallel strips made of the electrode material can be applied to the second side of the strip-shaped metal foil, so that one strip each can be seen in the direction perpendicular to the strip-shaped metal foil overlaps on the first side with one of the strips on the second side of the strip-shaped metal foil, with an uncoated strip-shaped area free of the electrode material remaining on both sides between immediately adjacent parallel strips of the electrode material, i. the device is set up for the simultaneous coating of the first side and the second side of the strip-shaped metal foil by means of the application nozzles.
  • the device is set up for the continuous coating of the continuous strip-shaped metal foil, which forms the material of the current collectors of the strip-shaped electrodes to be produced, for which purpose, in a manner known in principle, corresponding rollers and deflection rollers as well as coating rollers can be provided in order to transport the strip-shaped metal foil in the direction of passage.
  • the device is set up in such a way that it is detected whether an offset occurs between overlapping strips on the first side and the second side and/or whether an offset exceeds a predefined threshold value, so that any offset that may occur is preferably corrected by Position of one or more application nozzles can be corrected.
  • the application nozzles that are set up for coating the first side and/or the second side of the metal foil can be assigned a coating roller opposite each other, so that the application nozzle is on one side and the coating roller on the other side, so that a back pressure is exerted on the metal foil by the coating roller during the coating process.
  • the application nozzles for coating one side and for coating the other side are preferably offset from one another in the throughput direction, so that one side of the strip-shaped metal foil is coated before the other in the throughput direction, with the metal foil preferably being guided over a deflection roller between the two coating positions to bring the strip-shaped metal foil in a suitable position for the coating.
  • the device is distinguished in a particularly preferred manner by at least one of the following features: a.
  • the device comprises a plurality of single-nozzle coating heads, each with an application nozzle whose positions relative to one another can be varied, b. the single-nozzle coating heads can be displaced perpendicularly to the direction of passage of the strip-shaped metal foil.
  • These preferably displaceable single-nozzle coating heads are preferably provided in the device only on one side of the strip-shaped metal foil to be coated.
  • single-nozzle coating heads can also be provided for the coating on both sides of the metal foil, the positions of which can be varied in relation to one another.
  • Embodiments with variable single-nozzle coating heads for both sides of the metal foil can be particularly advantageous under certain circumstances, since this allows particular flexibility when correcting any track offset that may occur.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized by the following additional features: a.
  • the device comprises at least one multi-nozzle coating head, which comprises a plurality of application nozzles at fixed distances from one another, the at least one multi-nozzle coating head being aligned for coating one side of the strip-shaped metal foil, b.
  • the device comprises a plurality of single-nozzle coating heads, each with an application nozzle, the positions of which can be varied in relation to one another, the single-nozzle coating heads being aligned for coating the other side of the strip-shaped metal foil.
  • the aforementioned features a. and b. implemented in combination with one another, so that one side of the metal foil running through the device has rigidly arranged coatings tion nozzles and the other side of the metal foil are assigned application nozzles of the mentioned single-nozzle coating heads.
  • the device expediently comprises a corresponding device for shifting the position of the single-nozzle coating heads in order to avoid an offset between the application of the electrode material on both sides of the strip-shaped metal foil.
  • the device according to the invention is further distinguished by at least one of the following additional features: a.
  • the single-nozzle coating heads are offset relative to one another with respect to the throughput direction of the strip-shaped metal foil to be coated, b. the single-nozzle coating heads are arranged in two rows perpendicular to the direction of passage of the strip-shaped metal foil to be coated.
  • the application nozzles and in particular the single-nozzle coating heads can also be moved perpendicularly to the web plane of the metal foil and can therefore be raised and lowered again if necessary. This enables and/or facilitates intermittent coating when applying the traces to the metal foil.
  • the individual single-nozzle coating heads can also be moved independently of one another in this direction, so that they can be raised and lowered individually, depending on the pattern to be applied.
  • the device according to the invention is also characterized by at least one of the following additional features: a.
  • the device includes a sensor system for detecting a possible offset between overlapping strips on the first side and the second side of the strip-shaped metal foil, b.
  • the device comprises a drying device for the coated strip-shaped metal foil, preferably a flotation dryer, c.
  • the device comprises a severing device, in particular a cutting device, for severing or cutting the coated strip-shaped metal foil in the longitudinal direction.
  • the device according to the invention preferably comprises both a sensor system for detecting a possible offset between the overlapping strips on both sides of the strip-shaped metal foil according to the aforementioned feature a. and a drying device according to the aforementioned feature b. and a cutting device according to the aforementioned feature c.
  • the device also preferably includes a device, for example a control unit, for evaluating the measured values recorded by the sensor system and for converting these measured values into a correction relating to the position of the application nozzles.
  • a device for example a control unit, for evaluating the measured values recorded by the sensor system and for converting these measured values into a correction relating to the position of the application nozzles.
  • the cutting device can be a conventional cutting device that works, for example, with suitable knives or lasers.
  • the invention also includes a control program for a device for producing strip-shaped electrodes in the manner described above, this control program being set up for carrying out the method for producing strip-shaped electrodes according to the above description.
  • this control program can be used to correct the position of the application nozzles for the coating if there is a misalignment that may occur in the overlapping strips of the applied electrode material on both sides of the strip-shaped metal foil.
  • the invention also includes strip-shaped electrodes that are produced using the method described are made. With regard to further details of these strip-shaped electrodes, reference is made to the above description.
  • the invention also includes the use of strip-shaped electrodes produced using the method according to the invention for producing an electrochemical energy storage element, in particular an electrochemical energy storage cell or a battery made up of a number of electrochemical energy storage cells.
  • an electrochemical energy storage element in particular an electrochemical energy storage cell or a battery made up of a number of electrochemical energy storage cells.
  • the energy storage elements mentioned are also covered by the invention.
  • the strip-shaped electrodes are preferably contacted via the edge regions of the electrode strips that are free of electrode material.
  • a contact plate can be provided for contacting the electrodes, or other elements of a housing of the energy storage element can be used for contacting the electrodes.
  • the strip-shaped electrodes are used to produce lithium-ion cells.
  • strip-shaped electrodes according to the invention which are part of these electrochemical energy storage elements, and with regard to the method for producing these strip-shaped electrodes, reference is made to the above description.
  • FIG. 1 schematic representation of five single-nozzle coating heads, each with one application nozzle for coating a first side of a strip-shaped metal foil (partial figure A) and schematic representation of a multi-nozzle coating head with five application nozzles for coating a second side of a strip-shaped metal foil (partial figure B);
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic sectional representation for the continuous, multi-track and simultaneous coating of both sides of a strip-shaped metal foil in a first embodiment of a device according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 isometric representation of a device according to the invention according to the embodiment of the device shown in FIG. 2;
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic sectional representation for the continuous, multi-track and simultaneous coating of both sides of a strip-shaped metal foil in a further embodiment of a device according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 isometric representation of a device according to the invention according to the configuration of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4;
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic sectional representation for the continuous, multi-track and simultaneous coating of both sides of a strip-shaped metal foil in a further embodiment of a device according to the invention
  • FIG. 7 isometric representation of a further embodiment of a device according to the invention for the continuous, multi-track and simultaneous coating of both sides of a strip-shaped metal foil,
  • Figure 1 illustrates schematically the coating of both sides of a strip-shaped metal foil according to the invention.
  • five coating heads 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 are provided for coating a first side of the strip-shaped metal foil 100, which are each designed as single-nozzle coating heads and accordingly each have an application nozzle.
  • a track 110 or a strip of electrode material can be applied during the coating of the metal foil 100 in the form of a strip.
  • Each trace 110 forms a strip of the electrode material on the one side of the band-shaped metal foil 100.
  • a multi-nozzle coating head 16 is provided for coating the other side of the strip-shaped metal foil 100 (partial figure B), which in this exemplary embodiment comprises five rigidly arranged application nozzles for applying five parallel strips 120 of electrode material on the other side of the band-shaped metal foil 100 are provided. As on the other side of the metal foil 100, narrow uncoated strip-shaped areas 121 are provided between the individual parallel strips 120.
  • FIG. 1 A multi-nozzle coating head 16 is provided for coating the other side of the strip-shaped metal foil 100 (partial figure B), which in this exemplary embodiment comprises five rigidly arranged application nozzles for applying five parallel strips 120 of electrode material on the other side of the band-shaped metal foil 100 are provided.
  • narrow uncoated strip-shaped areas 121 are provided between the individual parallel strips 120.
  • the strips are applied to both sides of the strip-shaped metal foil 100 in such a way that the strips 110 on one side overlap the strips 120 on the other side (in the direction of view perpendicular to the metal foil), the invention addresses the problem that an offset between the Strips 110, 120 on both sides of the metal foil 100 is avoided.
  • the invention initially provides for the simultaneous application of the strips 110 and 120 on both sides of the metal foil 100 in one operation.
  • one side is not coated and dried before the other side is coated and dried. Rather, the invention provides that both sides are coated at the same time with a temporal overlap and preferably also dried at the same time.
  • the coating on one side of the metal foil 100 is carried out in such a way that the coating takes place with single-nozzle coating heads whose position relative to the metal foil and relative to one another can be adapted to any offset that may occur.
  • FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention.
  • Several single-nozzle coating heads 11-15 are provided for coating one side (A-side), with only the single-nozzle coating heads 11 and 12 being indicated in this sectional view shown in FIG.
  • the position of these separately formed coating heads 11 and 12 can be adjusted transversely to the width of the metal foil 100 to be coated, so that it is possible to react to any misalignment that may occur.
  • the single-nozzle coating heads 11 and 12 or all single-nozzle coating heads 11 - 15 work against a coating roller 20 and apply an electrode material to the band-shaped metal foil 100 in a plurality of lanes (stripes), for example, five lanes (parallel stripes 110) on the A side.
  • the metal foil 100 is guided over a deflection roller 30 and thus arrives at the multi-nozzle coating head 16, by means of which the likewise multi-track coating 120 on the other side (B side) of the strip-shaped metal foil 100 takes place.
  • the metal foil 100 coated on both sides and in multiple lanes continues in the direction of the arrow to a drying device not shown here. Subsequently, the metal foil 100 can be cut several times in the longitudinal direction, preferably cutting within the uncoated strip-like areas 111, 121 and in the middle of the parallel strips 110, 120 of electrode material.
  • FIG. 3 shows an isometric view of the device shown schematically in section in FIG.
  • the single-nozzle coating heads 11 - 15 are offset and arranged in two rows.
  • the single-nozzle coating heads 11, 13 and 15 are arranged in the first row, the coating heads 12 and 14 are arranged offset thereto in a second row.
  • the single-nozzle coating heads 11 - 15 can be adjusted transversely to the running direction of the strip-shaped metal foil without interfering with one another, so that if there is an offset between the tracks 110 and in the here tracks 120 that are not visible on the opposite side of the metal foil 100, the track order on the A-side, which is at the top here, can be corrected in the tracks 110.
  • a sensor system that measures the track offset that may occur between the tracks or strips 110 and 120 is not shown here. For this purpose, several cameras can be provided, for example, which monitor the track application on both sides of the metal foil 100 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of a device suitable for double-sided coating according to the invention.
  • the schematic sectional view shown here also shows two flexible single-nozzle coating heads 11 and 12, which, in conjunction with the coating roller 20, are used to coat the A-side of the strip-shaped metal foil 100 are set up.
  • the other single-nozzle coating heads 13, 14 and 15, which are distributed over the width of the metal foil 100 to be coated and are assigned to the A side of the metal foil 100, are not visible here.
  • These single-nozzle coating heads 11 - 15 ensure multi-track coating in the form of several parallel strips 110 on the A side of the metal foil 100.
  • the metal foil 100 which has already been coated on one side, is transported via the deflection roller 30 to the multi-nozzle coating head 16 for coating the B-side of the metal foil 100 to form the parallel strips 120 of electrode material on the B-side of the metal foil 100 out.
  • the coating roller 20 provides a larger deflection angle for the metal foil 100 to be coated.
  • the flexible single-nozzle coating heads 11 - 15 are aligned at a different angle in relation to the curvature of the metal foil 100 .
  • FIG. 5 shows an isometric representation of the device from FIG. 4, which is provided with corresponding reference numbers. Comparable to the illustration in FIG. 3, the offset arrangement of the single-nozzle coating heads 11-15 in two rows in relation to the running direction of the metal foil 100 to be coated can be seen.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a further embodiment of a device according to the invention for coating both sides of a strip-shaped metal foil 100 in a schematic sectional representation.
  • several flexible single-nozzle Coating heads are provided, with two single-nozzle coating heads 11, 12 and 17, 18 being shown in this illustration, which represent, for example, five single-nozzle coating heads arranged offset to one another.
  • the single-nozzle coating heads 11, 12 and 17, 18 each work against a coating roller 20 or 40 and ensure that the electrode material is applied to the strip-shaped metal foil 100 in multiple tracks (stripes), e.g. five tracks (parallel strips 110) on the A side and subsequently on the B side. Since in this exemplary embodiment the coating of the B side is also carried out against a coating roller, upstream drying of the A side is provided.
  • This arrangement is a tandem coater with two multilane coating head zones, with the coating heads 11, 12 and 17, 18 being movable in at least one of these zones perpendicularly to the transport direction of the metal foil in order to be able to flexibly carry out track offset corrections.
  • the sensor 25 can be used to check whether, when the coating is applied to the A side, stripes occur offset from a target position.
  • the sensor 26 can be used to check whether a stripe offset occurs when the coating is applied to the B side.
  • the sensor can be a camera, for example.
  • the metal foil 100 Before the B-side is coated, the metal foil 100, already coated on one side, passes through a first drying device 50 in this embodiment, before the metal foil coated on one side is transported via a deflection roller 60 to the area with the coating heads 17, 18 for the multi-track coating of the B-side is performed.
  • the metal foil 100 coated on both sides and in multiple lanes, runs in the direction of the arrow over a further roller 70 to a further drying device 80. Then, optionally after calendering (compacting) the electrode material, the metal foil 100 can be cut several times in the longitudinal direction, preferably within the uncoated strip-shaped areas 111, 121 and in the middle of the parallel strips 110, 120 of electrode material.
  • FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of a device according to the invention, which is largely comparable to the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the corresponding elements of the device are provided with the same reference numbers.
  • the single-nozzle coating heads 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 can also be moved perpendicularly to the web plane (indicated by double arrows). This enables and/or facilitates intermittent coating when applying the tracks 110.
  • the individual single-nozzle coating heads 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 are preferably also movable in this direction independently of one another, so that they can be applied individually, depending on the pattern to be applied , raised and lowered. 8 illustrates, in the form of a flow chart, a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • the process features explained as individual steps are to be understood in such a way that the steps can run parallel in time in one run of the process for coating the metal foil on both sides, with the metal foil to be coated running through the coating process continuously as a quasi-endless strip.
  • the sequence of the steps reflects the spatial arrangement of the corresponding device components, for example the corresponding coating heads, for carrying out the steps within a coating device.
  • a strip-shaped coating is applied to the first side of the metal foil (step 202) and a strip-shaped coating to the second side of the metal foil (step 203) in a continuous process.
  • Step 202 and step 203 are carried out simultaneously in that corresponding coating heads are applied to both sides of the metal foil running through and, if necessary, applying the coating to both sides of the metal foil at a spatial distance from one another during a throughput of the metal foil.
  • step 204 it is checked during the run whether a stripe offset has occurred between the coatings on both sides of the metal foil and/or whether a predetermined threshold value has been exceeded in the case of a detectable stripe offset.
  • step 205 the position of the coating heads for coating the second side of the metal foil (step 203) is corrected in step 206 while coating is ongoing. If no strip offset or a strip offset below a predetermined threshold value is determined in step 204, the coating of the metal foil can be continued with unchanged parameters.
  • 9 illustrates, in the form of a flow chart, a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention. As in the flow chart according to FIG.
  • the process features explained as individual steps are to be understood in such a way that the steps overlap in time in one run of the process for coating the metal foil on both sides, with the metal foil to be coated continuously running through the coating process as a quasi-endless belt.
  • the sequence of the steps reflects the spatial arrangement of the corresponding device components for carrying out the steps within a coating device.
  • a strip-shaped coating is applied to the first side of the metal foil in a continuous process (step 302).
  • step 303 the stripe boundaries and/or stripe positions are determined when the first side has already been coated.
  • step 304 the second side of the metal foil is coated in strips.
  • step 302 and step 304 are preferably carried out simultaneously by applying coating heads to both sides of the metal foil and optionally applying the coating at a spatial distance from one another in one run of the metal foil.
  • the data determined in step 303 can flow into a position correction of the coating heads for the strip-shaped coating of the second side of the metal foil in step 304.
  • step 306 it is checked whether a stripe offset has occurred when the coating is applied to the second side and/or whether a predetermined threshold value has been exceeded if the stripe offset can be determined. If a stripe offset or a stripe offset above a predetermined threshold value can be determined (step 307), this is included in the position correction of the coating heads (step 305) for coating the second side of the metal foil (step 304). If no stripe offset or a stripe offset below a predetermined threshold value is determined in step 306, the coating of the metal foil can be continued with unchanged parameters.
  • the stripe offset is determined in step 303 and the stripe boundaries and/or stripe positions are determined in step 306 in particular with the aid of one or more sensors, for example a camera or an edge sensor.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil de fabrication d'électrodes en forme de bande, les électrodes en forme de bande à fabriquer comprenant un collecteur de courant en forme de bande qui est recouvert, des deux côtés, d'une couche d'un matériau d'électrode et qui a, sur les deux côtés, une région s'étendant le long d'un des bords longitudinaux dudit collecteur de courant et non recouverte du matériau d'électrode. Dans le procédé, une feuille métallique en forme de bande (100) est revêtue d'un matériau d'électrode dans un processus continu, une pluralité de bandes parallèles (120) du matériau d'électrode étant appliquées sur le premier côté de la feuille métallique en forme de bande (100) et un nombre égal de bandes parallèles (110) du matériau d'électrode étant appliqué sur le second côté de la feuille métallique en forme de bande (100), de telle sorte que, dans chaque cas, lorsque vue à angle droit par rapport à la feuille métallique en forme de bande (100), une bande sur le premier côté (120) chevauche l'une des bandes sur le second côté (110) de la feuille métallique en forme de bande (100). Une zone en forme de bande non revêtue (111, 121) reste libre du matériau d'électrode des deux côtés entre des bandes parallèles directement adjacentes (110, 120) du matériau d'électrode. Le procédé est caractérisé en ce que les bandes parallèles (110, 120) du matériau d'électrode sont appliquées en même temps sur le premier côté et le second côté de la feuille métallique en forme de bande (100).
EP23703829.4A 2022-02-14 2023-02-14 Procédé et appareil de fabrication d'électrodes en forme de bande Pending EP4480015A1 (fr)

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PCT/EP2023/053669 WO2023152402A1 (fr) 2022-02-14 2023-02-14 Procédé et appareil de fabrication d'électrodes en forme de bande

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DE102024205623A1 (de) 2024-06-18 2025-12-18 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Elektrode auf einem Trägermaterial für eine elektrochemische Zelle sowie Beschichtungseinrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
CN121571340A (zh) * 2026-01-27 2026-02-27 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 涂布设备及电池生产线

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JP2001327906A (ja) * 2000-05-24 2001-11-27 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd ストライプ塗布装置
JP5048090B2 (ja) * 2010-01-20 2012-10-17 中外炉工業株式会社 両面塗工装置
WO2013098969A1 (fr) * 2011-12-27 2013-07-04 株式会社 東芝 Procédé permettant de produire une électrode et procédé permettant de produire un accumulateur à électrolyte non aqueux
JP6632793B2 (ja) * 2014-06-13 2020-01-22 株式会社エンビジョンＡｅｓｃエナジーデバイス 二次電池用電極の製造方法および製造装置
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EP3258519A1 (fr) 2016-06-16 2017-12-20 VARTA Microbattery GmbH Cellule electrochimique a resistance interne optimisee
WO2019021863A1 (fr) * 2017-07-24 2019-01-31 株式会社村田製作所 Procédé de fabrication d'accumulateur
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JP2025506301A (ja) 2025-03-07
JP7842904B2 (ja) 2026-04-08
CA3251623A1 (fr) 2025-07-09
EP4228019A1 (fr) 2023-08-16
WO2023152402A1 (fr) 2023-08-17
US20250219105A1 (en) 2025-07-03
KR20240140148A (ko) 2024-09-24

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