Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
  • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
  • G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
  • G01R33/38—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field
  • G01R33/381—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field using electromagnets
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
  • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
  • G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
  • G01R33/38—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field
  • G01R33/381—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field using electromagnets
  • G01R33/3815—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field using electromagnets with superconducting coils, e.g. power supply therefor
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
  • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
  • G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
  • G01R33/38—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field
  • G01R33/3802—Manufacture or installation of magnet assemblies; Additional hardware for transportation or installation of the magnet assembly or for providing mechanical support to components of the magnet assembly
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
  • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
  • G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
  • G01R33/38—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field
  • G01R33/3804—Additional hardware for cooling or heating of the magnet assembly, for housing a cooled or heated part of the magnet assembly or for temperature control of the magnet assembly
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
  • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
  • G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
  • G01R33/38—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field
  • G01R33/3806—Open magnet assemblies for improved access to the sample, e.g. C-type or U-type magnets
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
  • H01F6/04—Cooling
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
  • H01F6/06—Coils, e.g. winding, insulating, terminating or casing arrangements therefor

Definitions

• the herein disclosed is related to the field of magnetic machines, more particularly to the field of magnetic machines used in medical imaging that are scalable in a modular construction.
• Magnetic resonance imaging machines are large devices with a small opening to about the size of a person.
• a person has to stay inside the machine, a at least laterally closed space, for a certain amount of time, this may cause complications to the person being examined including anxiety.
• an MRI exam might be too jarring and therefore impossible.
• MRI machines are constructed with large magnets shaped into coils, which produce a magnetic field. These coils are housed in the machine's support structure. During examination, the coils are excited to form or cause an effect on the magnetic field. The excitation of the field causes a loud noise , sometime described as a hammering . Thi s noise causes discomfort to people and requires that the housing be designed for it . These additional design considerations require the inclusion of noise absorbers and the limiting of materials that may be used to construct the housing .
• MRI machines as presently designed and constructed require several magnet coils arranged around the examination area . Coils are arranged in a solenoid configuration, which has a cylindrical hole in the center . The person to be examined rests inside the hole , which is called the examination area or table .
• the magnetic field in an MRI machine needs to be uni form and homogeneous for proper operation, so there is a need to have stronger magnetic fields closer to the exits of the examination area . Presently, stronger magnetic fields closer to the exits are produced by adding additional magnets coils around them .
• Maher describes a module that must be used in tandem with other similar modules to form a speci fic magnetic field configuration .
• the modules described by Maher should be enough in number and large enough in si ze , and they must also be positioned and oriented in very speci fic ways in order to produce a usable magnetic field.
• Maher describes the modules as useful for MRI machines , it is unclear how a uni form and homogeneous magnetic field may be produced throughout an examination area by us ing such modules.
• every module produces its own magnetic field, so if a single module were to fail the whole operation would be unusable during operation.
• Maher' s apparatus may not easily identify which module is malfunctioning.
• Maher's modules need to be of a specific size in order to operate properly so the geometric configuration and size of an MRI machine constructed out of the modules is limited. It is not clear from Maher's descriptions how a smaller machine to the presently being constructed might be realized.
• larger machines that may accommodate different shapes like a half cylinder, a tunnel or a cube may not be realized by use of the described modules .
• Miyazaki describes a superconducting coil formed of several layers of different materials. A group of these layers is described as constituting a superconducting coil portion which is formed of thin-film superconducting wires.
• the coils described by Miyazaki and those that are common in the art are constructed by arranging superconducting films, also called superconducting tapes, into the shape of wires and the wires are then further configured into the shape of coils.
• superconducting coils are formed by stacking superconducting films or layers so that electric current may flow in a desired direction and produce the appropriate magnetic field configuration.
• the prior art doesn't teach any other method by which the superconducting films or tapes may be used to conduct a current.
• Superconducting tapes themselves are also in short supply, as their demand is increasing year by year . There i s also the problem of the si ze and shape of the tapes which can only be constructed a few centimeters wide .
• the process that arranges the tapes into wires and further into coils is lengthy and error prone .
• One embodiment addresses all or some of the drawbacks of known magnetic resonance imaging (MRI ) machines .
• MRI magnetic resonance imaging
• One embodiment provides a modular magnetic resonance imaging machine comprising an assembly of a plurality of modules coupled to each other, wherein the modules have shapes and/or si zes adapted to the shape of the assembly, each module is adapted to conduct current in order to form a magnetic field, and has a first structural section assembled with a second structural section, the first structural section having a groove separating the module into at least two di f ferent electrically conducting regions .
• the grooves of the plurality of modules are adapted to guide a flow of current into a certain direction, or into di f ferent paths , through the modules , and the characteristics of the flow of current through the modules determines the shape of the magnetic field in the machine .
• At least a module of the plurality of modules is mechanically and/or electrically coupled to another module o f the plurality of modules ; and/or
• the second structural section of at least a module of the plurality of modules comprises connecting means adapted to connect the module to another module of the plurality of modules , for example a mechanical connector like a hinge or a flange ; and/or
• At least a module of the plurality of modules comprises at least a canal that crosses the first structural section, for example to enable a cooling fluid like nitrogen or helium flowing through the module , and/or to allow wiring pass ing through the module , each canal being for example adapted to form a single canal with a canal of another module of the plurality of modules ; and/or
• the first section and the second section of at least a module of the plurality of modules are adapted to be separated
• At least a module for example the plurality of modules , is constructed to exhibit superconducting characteristics .
• At least a module of the plurality of modules comprises a stacking of di f ferent materials , the stacking comprising at least :
• a structural layer for example composed or covered by a material like Hastelloy; and a superconducting layer on the structural layer, the superconducting layer comprising a superconducting material like yttrium barium copper oxide or a rare-earth barium copper oxide; wherein the groove of the at least one module is patterned at least in the superconducting layer.
• the structural layer includes at least a canal for example to enable a cooling fluid like nitrogen or helium flowing through the module, and/or to allow wiring passing through the module.
• the stacking further comprises at least a buffer layer, preferably a plurality of buffer layers, between the structural layer and the superconducting layer, the at least one buffer layer being for example conformed of materials like alumina, yttria, magnesium oxide and/or lanthanum manganite; wherein the groove is patterned in the at least one buffer layer and the superconducting layer.
• the stacking further comprises a shunt layer on the superconducting layer and in the groove, the shunt layer being made of a metal, for example silver.
• the stacking further includes :
• the repeater layer comprising a repetition of the buffer and superconducting layers, preferably several repetitions, for example between 4 and 80 repetitions; the groove being patterned in the buffer, the superconducting and the repeater layers; and/or
• finishing layer on the shunt layer, the finishing layer comprising another preferably non-perf orated superconducting layer .
• the first structural section includes the structural layer, the at least one buffer layer, the superconducting layer, the repeater layer, the groove and the shunt layer; and/or the second structural section includes the finishing layer.
• One embodiment provides a module adapted to the modular magnetic resonance imaging machine according to an embodiment .
• One embodiment provides a module which is one of the plurality of modules coupled to each other included in the modular magnetic resonance imaging machine according to an embodiment .
• the modules may be arranged, for example, in the shape of a tunnel, a cylinder, a half cylinder, an armband, a halfpipe, a parallelepiped, a box...
• One embodiment provides a method for fabricating a module according to an embodiment, the method comprising:
• the method further comprises forming, for example using a sputtering technique, at least a buffer layer, preferably a plurality of buffer layers, before forming the superconducting layer, the at least one buffer layer being for example conformed of materials like alumina, yttria, magnesium oxide and/or lanthanum manganite.
• removing material further comprises removing material from the at least one buffer layer.
• the method further comprises forming :
• the repeater layer comprising the repetition of the buffer and superconducting layers, and preferably several repetitions, for example between 4 and 80 repetitions; and/or
• finishing layer on the shunt layer, the finishing layer comprising another, preferably non-perf orated, superconducting layer.
• Advantages of an embodiment of the modular MRI machine may be listed as: simpler and less error prone construction of different modules allowing for faster assembly; high confinement of magnetic fields, due to layers allowing at least partially expelling the magnetic field, like the Meissner effect or a similar effect; servicing of each module is easier and replacement faster, accounting for cheaper device and a reduction of overall costs; coils may be easily changed and replaced, allowing not only for maintenance of the device but also for testing; larger magnetized volumes, making medical imaging possible for anxious, claustrophobic patients, and making it more comfortable for all patients, possibly including the simultaneous imaging of multiple patients; smaller magnetized volumes, on the other hand, making the device portable and suitable for imaging a limb.
• Other technical advantages will become apparent to someone skilled in the art from the detailed description, figures, and claims. Moreover, while specific advantages have been enumerated above, different embodiments may include all, none or some of the advantages listed.
• FIG. 1 is a general perspective view of a first embodiment of a module of the disclosed modular MRI machine.
• FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the first embodiment of a module of the disclosed modular MRI machine.
• FIG. 3 is a perspective close-up view of the groove in a module of the first embodiment of the disclosed modular MRI machine .
• FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a modular MRI machine assembled from the modules according to the first embodiment.
• FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a modular MRI machine assembled from the modules according to the first embodiment showing magnetic field lines.
• FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a modular MRI machine assembled from the disclosed modules.
• FIG. 7 is a perspective close-up view of the second embodiment of a modular MRI machine assembled from the disclosed modules, showing the machine in an open configuration, and displaying the module separation.
• FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of a modular MRI machine assembled from the disclosed modules.
• FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of a modular MRI machine assembled from the disclosed modules.
• the machine is constructed out of modules 100 .
• a module 100 One possible configuration of a module 100 is shown in FIG . l .
• This module 100 may be divided into two sections , a first structural section 106 which may be fashioned with canals 108 and a second structural section 102 .
• the canals 108 in the first structural section 106 may be used to transport cooling fluid or some other kind of material to cool the module 100 or otherwise ensure its proper operation .
• the canals 108 may also be used as housing for wiring .
• the second structural section 102 may be fashioned with means to connect modules 100 to one another .
• said means conform to a hinge 104 but may also be flanges , connectors or others .
• any module 100 may be constructed in such a way that permits its separation into the first structural section 106 and the second structural section 102 , as shown in FIG . 2 .
• the first structural section 106 may include a pattern defined by a ridge , a wedge or a groove 202 .
• the groove 202 separates the first structural section 106 into different electrically conducting regions, so that current may flow in a certain direction, or different paths, according to the needs of the specific use.
• a module may comprise several grooves.
• the width of the grooves may be comprised between 0.1 and 20 mm, for example between 1 and 5 mm, for example equal to around 1 mm.
• the distance between adjacent grooves of adjacent modules, and/or between adjacent grooves in a same module may be comprised between 0.5 and 30 cm, for example between 2 and 10 cm.
• Adjacent grooves between adjacent modules, and/or adjacent grooves in a same module may be non-uniformly spaced
• each module 100 is such that allows for a magnetic field to be formed. Therefore, any module 100 must conduct current, for the formation of a magnetic field.
• current conduction is achieved by the construction of the module 100, as shown in FIG. 3.
• the construction of the module 100 according to this first embodiment may be realized by deposition through methods like metal-organic vapor chemical deposition (MOCVD) , or similar.
• MOCVD metal-organic vapor chemical deposition
• the first structural section 106 comprises a structural layer 300 composed of a material like Hastelloy or a material constructed out of a different material and covered by Hastelloy.
• a superconducting layer 302 is located on top of the Hastelloy structural layer 300, and forming a layer stack.
• the superconducting layer 302 may be deposited with a technique like metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and is composed of REBCO, YBCO or other appropriate superconducting materials .
• MOCVD metal-organic chemical vapor deposition
• the buf fer layers may be placed between the structural layer 300 and the superconducting layer 302 .
• the buf fer layers may be conformed of several other materials like alumina, yttria, magnesium oxide and lanthanum manganite . These buf fer layers may be deposited through a technique like sputtering, before depositing the superconducting layer 302 . The buf fer layers may form an appropriate template for the formation of the superconducting layer .
• a groove 202 may be created at least through the superconducting layer 302 using a patterning method, like laser engraving, or another technique , like a mechanical technique or photolithography .
• the groove may be created also through the buf fer layer .
• a shunt layer 304 may be located on top of the superconducting layer 302 and fi lling the groove 202 .
• the shunt layer 304 may of fer a path in case of quenching of the superconducting layer 302 .
• the shunt layer 304 may be formed of materials of good electrical conductivity, like silver .
• the shunt layer 304 is optional .
• the described sequence of buf fer and superconducting layers may be repeated several times ( forming a repeater layer ) , with best results being achieved between 4 and 80 of the layer sequence , for example between 20 and 40 repetitions of the layer sequence for magnetic fields of about 10 Tesla.
• the groove may then also be formed in the repeater layer.
• the depth of the groove 202 is comprised between 3 and 5 pm for one sequence of buffer and superconducting layers. If the sequence is repeated, the depth of the groove may be multiplied by the number of sequences. For example, the depth of the groove is comprised between 3xN and 5xN pm, where N is the number of sequences.
• a finishing layer 306 may be deposited on top of the shunt layer 304.
• the finishing layer 306 have a preferably non-perf orated (and non-grooved) layer of superconducting material in order to create at least partially the phenomenon known as Meisner effect or a similar effect.
• the Meisner effect prevents the magnetic field from crossing the finishing layer 306.
• the finishing layer 306 may form part of the second structural section 102.
• the first structural section 106 may further include the superconducting layer 302 and the shunt layer 304 in some embodiments, and, in some cases, the repeater layer, as well as the groove 202.
• the first structural section 106, and in particular the structural layer 300, may also include the canal 108, for which cooling agents may flow to allow cooling of the whole structure.
• the superconducting layer 302 may require adequate cooling during operation.
• a module is a modular coil.
• a plurality of modules 100 may be assembled into a modular MRI machine as shown in FIG. 4.
• the modular MRI machine assembled in this configuration may be called a tunnel 400.
• the tunnel 400 is assembled from the modules 100.
• the modules 100 may be constructed in different sizes and shapes according to the specific needs of the use. In this first embodiment the tunnel 400 is large enough to house a human being 400 and may be long enough for a person to walk from one side to the other.
• FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 An example of operation of the modular MRI machine is described in reference to the tunnel 400 shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5.
• the modules 100 that form the structure of the tunnel 400 conduct current 502.
• the conduction of current generates a magnetic field, whose field lines would pass through the inside of the tunnel 400.
• the magnetic field lines may need to be particularly straight, and the field particularly uniform with respect to space.
• the configuration of the magnetic field may be changed by changing the characteristics of the current 502 carried by the modules 100. For instance, the intensity of the current 502 may be changed, or the path the current 502 takes may also be modified.
• the tunnel 400 is large enough for a human being 402 to walk comfortably inside. Therefore, people using the tunnel 400 for a medical examination would not suffer from anxieties related to medical conditions like claustrophobia. Nevertheless, it should be understood that the modules may be constructed of any size and other embodiments are also possible .
• the modules 100 may have different shapes and sizes according to the needs of the specific use. The following is a description of other embodiments that may be constructed by utilizing other module 100 shapes and sizes.
• FIG. 6 A second embodiment of the modular MRI machine is shown in FIG. 6. This second embodiment may be called an armlet or armband 600.
• the armband 600 configuration is assembled from the modules 100 for which the hinge 104 may be used to assemble several of them together.
• the armband 600 is sized to make a leg or an arm 602 comfortably fit inside.
• the armband 600 may be constructed in a manner that allows it to be easily opened and closed as shown in FIG. 7. Further, as also shown in FIG. 7, the modules 100 may be of different sizes and some of them may not have hinges 104. In the case that hinges are not used, some other method should be used to connect the module 100 together. The connection of the modules 100 may be both mechanical and electrical, according to the needs of the use.
• FIG. 8 Yet another embodiment is shown in FIG. 8.
• the modules 100 are assembled in a half-pipe configuration 800 big enough for a human being 402 to walk inside .
• FIG. 9 A fourth embodiment is shown in FIG. 9.
• the modules 100 are assembled in a boxed configuration 900 big enough for a human being 402 to walk inside .
• Example embodiments of the invention are summarized here. Other embodiments can also be understood from the entirety of the specification as well as the claims filed herein .
• Example 1 A modular magnetic resonance imaging machine (400; 600; 800; 900) comprising an assembly of a plurality of modules (100) coupled to each other, wherein the modules have shapes and/or sizes adapted to the shape of the assembly, each module (100) is adapted to conduct current in order to form a magnetic field, and has a first structural section (106) assembled with a second structural section (102) , the first structural section having a groove (202) separating the module into at least two different electrically conducting regions .
• Example 2 The machine according to example 1, wherein the grooves of the plurality of modules are adapted to guide a flow of current into a certain direction, or into different paths, through the modules, and the characteristics of the flow of current through the modules determines the shape of the magnetic field in the machine.
• Example 3 The machine according to example 1 or 2, wherein at least a module (100) of the plurality of modules is mechanically and/or electrically coupled to another module of the plurality of modules.
• Example 4 The machine according to any one of examples 1 to 3, wherein the second structural section (102) of at least a module (100) of the plurality of modules comprises connecting means (104) adapted to connect the module to another module of the plurality of modules, for example a mechanical connector like a hinge or a flange.
• Example 5 The machine according to any one of examples 1 to 4, wherein at least a module (100) of the plurality of modules comprises at least a canal (108) that crosses the first structural section (106) , for example to enable a cooling fluid like nitrogen or helium flowing through the module, and/or to allow wiring passing through the module, each canal being for example adapted to form a single canal with a canal of another module of the plurality of modules.
• Example 6 The machine according to any one of examples 1 to 5, wherein the first section (106) and the second section (102) of at least a module (100) of the plurality of modules are adapted to be separated.
• Example 7 The machine according to any one of examples 1 to 6, wherein at least a module, for example the plurality of modules (100) , is constructed to exhibit superconducting characteristics.
• Example 8 The machine according to any one of examples 1 to 7, wherein at least a module of the plurality of modules comprises a stacking of different materials, the stacking comprising at least:
• a structural layer (300) for example composed or covered by a material like Hastelloy;
• the superconducting layer comprising a superconducting material like yttrium barium copper oxide or a rare-earth barium copper oxide; wherein the groove (202) of the at least one module is patterned at least in the superconducting layer.
• Example 9 The machine according to example 8, wherein the structural layer (300) includes at least a canal (108) for example to enable a cooling fluid like nitrogen or helium flowing through the module, and/or to allow wiring passing through the module.
• a cooling fluid like nitrogen or helium flowing through the module, and/or to allow wiring passing through the module.
• Example 10 The machine according to example 8 or 9, wherein the stacking further comprises at least a buffer layer, preferably a plurality of buffer layers, between the structural layer and the superconducting layer, the at least one buffer layer being for example conformed of materials like alumina, yttria, magnesium oxide and/or lanthanum manganite; wherein the groove (202) is patterned in the at least one buffer layer and the superconducting layer.
• the stacking further comprises at least a buffer layer, preferably a plurality of buffer layers, between the structural layer and the superconducting layer, the at least one buffer layer being for example conformed of materials like alumina, yttria, magnesium oxide and/or lanthanum manganite; wherein the groove (202) is patterned in the at least one buffer layer and the superconducting layer.
• Example 11 The machine according to any one of examples 8 to 10, wherein the stacking further comprises a shunt layer (304) on the superconducting layer (302) and in the groove (202) , the shunt layer being made of a metal, for example silver.
• Example 12 The machine according to example 11 in combination with example 10, wherein the stacking further includes :
• the repeater layer comprising a repetition of the buffer and superconducting layers, preferably several repetitions, for example between 4 and 80 repetitions; the groove (202) being patterned in the buffer, the superconducting and the repeater layers; and/or
• finishing layer (306) on the shunt layer (304) comprising another preferably non-perf orated superconducting layer.
• Example 13 The machine according to example 12, wherein the first structural section (106) includes the structural layer (300) , the at least one buffer layer, the superconducting layer (302) , the repeater layer, the groove (202) and the shunt layer (304) ; and/or the second structural section (102) includes the finishing layer (306) .
• Example 14 A module adapted to the magnetic resonance imaging machine according to any one of examples 1 to 13. [0086]
• Example 15 A method for fabricating a module according to example 14, the method comprising:
• Example 16 The method according to example 15, wherein the method further comprises forming, for example using a sputtering technique, at least a buffer layer, preferably a plurality of buffer layers, before forming the superconducting layer, the at least one buffer layer being for example conformed of materials like alumina, yttria, magnesium oxide and/or lanthanum manganite.
• Example 17 The method according to example 16, wherein removing material further comprises removing material from the at least one buffer layer.
• Example 18 The method according to any one of examples 15 to 17, wherein the method further comprises forming : a repeater layer before forming the groove (202) , the repeater layer comprising the repetition of the buffer and superconducting layers, and preferably several repetitions, for example between 4 and 80 repetitions; and/or
• finishing layer (306) on the shunt layer (304) , the finishing layer comprising another, preferably non-perf orated, superconducting layer.

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• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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• Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
• Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)

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• 2023
  • 2023-03-31 EP EP23715544.5A patent/EP4505203A1/de active Pending
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