EP4532128A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour générer des données de commande pour un dispositif pour fabriquer un composant de manière additive - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour générer des données de commande pour un dispositif pour fabriquer un composant de manière additive

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Publication number
EP4532128A1
EP4532128A1 EP23731966.0A EP23731966A EP4532128A1 EP 4532128 A1 EP4532128 A1 EP 4532128A1 EP 23731966 A EP23731966 A EP 23731966A EP 4532128 A1 EP4532128 A1 EP 4532128A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
areas
control data
area
special
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23731966.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dominik Kunz
Harald Krauss
Michael Jan Galba
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EOS GmbH
Original Assignee
EOS GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EOS GmbH filed Critical EOS GmbH
Publication of EP4532128A1 publication Critical patent/EP4532128A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/368—Temperature or temperature gradient, e.g. temperature of the melt pool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
    • B22F10/85—Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Program-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Program control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/042—Program control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • Thin layers of a mostly powdery building material are repeatedly applied one on top of the other and in each layer the building material is selectively solidified by spatially limited irradiation of the areas that are to be part of the component to be manufactured after production in a “welding process” in which the powder grains of the building material are with the help partially or completely melted by the energy introduced locally at this point by the radiation. During cooling, these powder grains then solidify together to form a solid.
  • the energy beam is usually directed along solidification paths over the The construction field is guided and the remelting or solidification of the building material in the respective layer takes place in the form of “welding tracks” or “welding beads”, so that ultimately there are a large number of such layers formed from welding tracks in the component. In this way, components with very high quality and breaking strength can now be manufactured.
  • the method according to the invention comprises the following steps:
  • building material solidified in particular selectively
  • irradiating the building material with at least one energy beam generated by an irradiation unit of the manufacturing device (this means an energetic beam made of photons or particles, for example a light beam or an electron beam).
  • an energy beam generated by an irradiation unit of the manufacturing device
  • the energy beam usually goes a little deeper into the material bed and also reaches underlying, already remelted material from previously applied material layers.
  • the process room sensor data set with the thermal data can be recorded, for example, with a thermal imaging camera, e.g. with a CMOS camera with a spectral filter in the near-infrared range, but this is not absolutely necessary.
  • a scanning measuring method can also be used, in which a spatial resolution - alone or additionally - is given by a respective scanning position, and / or a measuring method in which the sensor is arranged in the beam path of the processing machine (on axis) and the spatial resolution - alone or additionally - is given by a current processing position.
  • Spatially resolved “heat data” refers to information about heat distribution in at least one area of the component layer or an entire component layer. Information about various points on the component layer must be available along with the position of these points.
  • an infrared image of the component layer could represent the thermal data, since thermal information is assigned to points in the component layer in this image.
  • the thermal data does not necessarily have to be a thermal image from a thermal camera, but can be obtained in another way.
  • the process space sensor data set therefore shows, for example, a component layer or at least a component area in this component layer as a thermal image.
  • the absolute temperature does not necessarily have to be measured directly for the thermal data; the pixel values of a temperature-sensitive camera are sufficient (basically the "gray values").
  • the temperature can be easily estimated from the evaluation alone.
  • the heat data can reflect a temperature in both absolute and relative values.
  • a baseline for the temperature values is measured for a machine or a construction process (even on different machines) and the temperature is estimated based on a change relative to the baseline. This change can be "small” (e.g. at very high baselines) or "large” (e.g. at very low baselines).
  • the process space control data set contains data on the geometric shape of the component layer under consideration and/or on irradiation paths for manufacturing this component layer (target shape).
  • Manufacturing features would be, for example, an overlap of solidification paths in a component layer, a local increase in the distances between the solidification paths in a component layer, a local change in the thickness or depth of solidification paths or local changes in the irradiation (e.g. by pulses or by choosing a different process window, such as e.g. local hardening using heat conduction welding with a general choice of deep welding process).
  • Special shape features and manufacturing features can also be present in combination, as it may be that a special local manufacturing mode is selected due to a special shape.
  • the expression “predetermined systematic” means that it is already apparent from the process room control data set (and, if applicable, the experience in manufacturing components) that special thermal conditions prevail during production in these areas.
  • edge of a component represents a thermally problematic area.
  • a special area could also be referred to as a (systematically special) “overheating area”, “error heating area”, “deviation area” or “special correction area”.
  • a special area can be an area that requires or would require post-treatment if it does not experience an increased temperature during production.
  • the process space sensor data set contains spatially resolved thermal data from a number of areas of the component layer. For a better understanding, this is referred to below as the “thermal image of the component layer”, although this term does not exclude other possibilities in which spatially resolved thermal data from a number of areas of the component layer could be available.
  • This assignment of the special areas to corresponding areas of the “thermal image of the component layer” is preferably carried out automatically, for example by automatically classifying each area of the thermal image whose correspondence in the target form has been classified as a special area is also classified as a special area in the thermal image.
  • This assignment can be done purely in terms of information technology by adding a marker to an area of the thermal image of the component layer that indicates that this is a special area or by adding a marking to this area in an image (e.g. a special color).
  • a mask can also be created that indicates which areas in the thermal image of the component layer are to be viewed as special areas. How exactly the information about the special area is assigned to the target shape (e.g.
  • the subsequently generated correction factor module assigns correction factors or corrected irradiation values, which are generated from the process space sensor data set, to at least a portion of a (directly) subsequent component layer (i.e. immediately resting on the other component layer after its production).
  • a “module” in the sense of the correction factor module is an element that is intended to be used to apply or collect a plurality or variety of correction factors. It can only contain data which are the correction factors or from which the correction factors can be determined, but also a functionality with which correction factors can be determined or they can even be applied to control commands.
  • the module itself can be implemented in software, for example in the form of a table, function, list or data set, or implemented in hardware, for example in the form of an FPGA or a processor or controller with a memory unit.
  • the correction factor module is therefore preferably a software-based or hardware-based element which includes data in the form of correction factors or includes data and/or functions by means of which the correction factors can be determined.
  • the correction factor module can be in the form of a correction factor map which has the correction factors in the form of a matrix.
  • the correction factor map can certainly include pixels or grid cells that correspond in particular to the pixels in the thermal image and, instead of color values or gray values, include scalar sizes that indicate correction factors.
  • the correction factor module can alternatively or additionally also be in the form of a correction factor function KF, which is preferably a two-dimensional function. The correction factors at a two-dimensional spatial position (x, y) in the component layer can then simply be the function values of the correction factor function KF (x, y) at the corresponding locations.
  • the correction factor function can be generated, for example, from a correction factor map by fitting a two-dimensional polynomial function. Even though it is more complicated to create than a map, a function has the advantage of smaller memory requirements, since only function coefficients need to be stored, and better scalability. The use of such a correction factor function can also have advantages for correction without taking the special areas into account.
  • a corresponding procedure then alternatively includes the following steps:
  • a correction factor function which assigns correction factors or corrected irradiation values to at least a partial area of a subsequent component layer, the correction factors or the corrected irradiation values being generated from the process space sensor data set and preferably being generated in the special areas according to different rules than in other areas of the target -Form outside the special areas,
  • the correction factors or corrected irradiation values in the special areas are generated according to different rules than in other areas of the target shape outside the special areas. This is because “other rules” also apply in the special areas.
  • the data from pixels of a thermal imaging camera reflect what heat has been radiated from a surface area on the building level.
  • a first pixel that has recorded an unsolidified area shows lower heat than a second pixel that has recorded a newly solidified area.
  • a third pixel, which has an edge area with solidified and unsolidified areas, will show a lower heat than the second pixel and a higher heat than the first pixel, even if the solidified area should be the same temperature everywhere.
  • the correction factor module does not have to refer to the entire construction area. Different areas of the construction area can be corrected by different KF modules. For example, an overall correction map can be formed from a composition of correction factor maps (KF maps). A construction process is preferably regulated pixel by pixel according to points on these KF maps, whereby the regulation is better the higher the resolution a KF map is. Accordingly, a group of correction factor functions can also be used, with each correction factor function being applied to an area of the construction area. Preferably, fixed irradiation values are corrected during production with the correction factor and/or the correction factor directly supplies the irradiation values.
  • the correction factor is preferably a relative correction factor that is multiplied by a predetermined laser power or by which a predetermined laser power is divided.
  • the KF module can therefore include correction factors with which irradiation values are then corrected or irradiation values that have already been corrected. It is clear that the correction factors are chosen so that if the energy input is too high At a point in the subsequent layer there is a lower energy input at this point, which is calculated in particular in such a way that a desired energy input occurs.
  • a subsequent component layer In order to compensate for inhomogeneities, a subsequent component layer must be irradiated. In the case in which the subsequent component layer should still have inhomogeneities after its production, the method can be carried out for the next component layer based on the component layer that has just been manufactured. After a few iterations, the energy input will be homogenized with a sensible choice of correction factors.
  • control data according to the invention can be generated, which are used to control a device for additive manufacturing.
  • these control data are characterized by the fact that they are corrected so that inhomogeneities in the temperature distribution are compensated for during production.
  • the temperature distribution itself is not compensated for, but rather an inhomogeneous temperature distribution of a current layer is taken into account for compensating irradiation in the subsequent layer.
  • the heat balance of a single layer is regulated, but also, with a correspondingly smaller effect, the heat balance of many already solidified layers up to the overall heat balance of a component or even the simultaneous production of several components.
  • the correction factors of the correction factor module are usually first combined with the original control data (vectorized) in the machine controller and passed on to an exposure controller as “microsteps” (control signals in the scanning cycle of the manufacturing device).
  • microsteps control signals in the scanning cycle of the manufacturing device.
  • the component is built in layers in the form of component layers in a construction field by selective solidification of building material, preferably comprising a metal-based powder, by irradiating the building material with at least one energy beam in accordance with the control data according to the invention.
  • the energy beam is moved over the construction field according to the control data, i.e. with corrected irradiation parameters.
  • a control data generation device is used to generate control data according to the invention (according to the method according to the invention) for a device for the additive manufacturing of a component in a manufacturing process in which the component is formed in a construction field in the form of component layers by selective solidification of building material, preferably comprising a metal-based powder. is constructed by irradiating the building material with at least one energy beam.
  • the control data generation device includes the following components:
  • a data interface designed to receive a process space control data set comprising information about a target shape of the currently solidified component layer, and a process space sensor data set of a currently solidified component layer of the component recorded by means of a sensor arrangement, the process space sensor data set comprising at least spatially resolved thermal data of a number of areas of this component layer,
  • a registration unit designed to define a number of special areas in the target shape, each special area being an area with predetermined, systematic shape features and / or manufacturing features in the component layer, and to assign the number of special areas to corresponding areas of the number of areas in the process room sensor data set,
  • a module unit designed to generate a correction factor module, which assigns correction factors or the corrected irradiation values to at least a partial area of a subsequent component layer, the correction factors or corrected irradiation values being generated from the process space sensor data set and being generated in the special areas according to rules other than outside the special areas,
  • a data interface (possibly the one mentioned above or another) designed to output the corrected control data to a device for the additive manufacturing of a component.
  • a control device serves a device for the additive manufacturing of a component in a manufacturing process in which the component in the form of component layers is layered in a construction field by selective solidification of building material, preferably comprising a metal-based powder, by irradiating the building material with at least one energy beam using an irradiation device is constructed.
  • the control device is designed to control the device for additive manufacturing of the component layers of the component according to control data according to the invention.
  • the control device according to the invention preferably comprises a control data generation device according to the invention.
  • a corresponding computer program product with a computer program, which can be loaded directly into a memory device of a computer unit, with program sections for all steps of the method according to the invention (at least those that relate to the generation of control data, but possibly also those that serve to transmit the control data for a manufacturing process) when the program is executed in the computer unit.
  • One such computer program product In addition to the computer program, additional components such as documentation and/or additional components, including hardware components such as. B. Hardware keys (dongles etc.) for using the software.
  • the correction factors of the correction factor module for a special area be formed based on a model of a theoretical temperature change or the local heat conduction properties. This is particularly advantageous if the special area is an area where thermal aftertreatment is to be carried out.
  • a correction factor in particular a limit value module, in particular a limit value function or a limit value map with spatially resolved maximum and/or minimum values.
  • the correction factors are then preferably generated in such a way that they do not exceed the maximum values and/or do not fall below the minimum values.
  • the correction factors are generated from the process space sensor data set outside the number of special areas using a controller, in particular a PD controller, a PI controller or a PID controller. It is preferred that the correction factors be within a special area, i.e. where they are generated according to different rules than in other areas:
  • the method is preferably used for several successive component layers.
  • Control data is preferably used together with a number of corresponding correction factor modules and/or with corrected ones Tax data is saved.
  • the correction factor modules can already contain corrected irradiation values, but the corrected control data can contain further data than the corrected irradiation values. It is particularly preferred to save all correction factor modules or corrected control data obtained by the method, since these are interrelated.
  • a process space sensor data set results from a component layer manufactured with corrected control data.
  • the component can be heat treated, e.g. for metallic components, after-annealing with optional subsequent quenching. Depending on the desired quality, subsequent heat treatment may even be mandatory.
  • the components are heated in an oven to a predetermined temperature after they have been manufactured and then, if necessary, cooled in a liquid bath.
  • the temperature in the chamber is usually between 300°C and 350°C.
  • a common temperature for the production of metal parts is between 250-300°C.
  • a particular task that could be solved by the invention would be the production of a component in which a special area with a smaller porosity is to be built through heat treatment, which has better hardness and/or mechanical strength due to its greater density.
  • the step of subsequent heat treatment for example after-annealing, can be avoided or simplified. This requires that the component has a (possibly much) higher temperature during its production than is normally intended during its production, at least in some areas.
  • a special heat treatment area preferably also has a special homogeneity area which corresponds to a partial area, in particular the edge, of the special heat treatment area.
  • This special homogeneity area has the advantage that the heat treatment special area can be treated very homogeneously at a (predetermined) temperature.
  • a homogeneity correction factor module is used to make the temperature as homogeneous as possible over an area of the component layer; a heat treatment correction factor module is used to modify the specified temperature so that heat treatment is carried out in a special area during production a predetermined power is introduced there before, and/or during and/or after solidification and the special area is heated there more or less than the surrounding areas or a number of additional times.
  • a heat treatment correction factor module may well lead to a correction in which a special area is irradiated two or more times instead of once (at a higher or lower temperature) (e.g. once for solidification and then and/or before for heat treatment).
  • the correction factor module is basically the above-mentioned heat treatment correction factor module. This module assigns a correction factor or a corrected irradiation value that includes a predetermined radiation power. It is preferred that, in the course of correcting the control data, a homogeneity correction factor module is used in addition to the heat treatment correction factor module.
  • control data corrected in this way is then output to a device for the additive manufacturing of a component so that a new component layer can be manufactured.
  • This new component layer or a process space sensor data set of this new component layer then preferably serves as the basis for a new run through of the method for the next component layer.
  • the cooling of areas of a component layer is preferably controlled by adjusting the laser parameters so that internal stresses are reduced or avoided by means of a desired controlled cooling behavior.
  • An increased temperature is preferably achieved by adjusting the laser power and/or the beam profile.
  • a special area that experiences a higher effective temperature during manufacturing due to beam deformation or intensity change i.e. an area that is to undergo heat treatment
  • an overheat area where the overheating is caused by a change in radiation intentionally is induced.
  • the laser intensity is gradually reduced in some special areas so that the component or a partial area of the component is cooled in a controlled manner.
  • the (heat treatment) correction factor module can be saved last, especially after the component has been manufactured, and used to produce further components.
  • a heat treatment correction factor module which assigns correction factors or corrected irradiation values for a heat treatment to at least a partial area of a subsequent component layer, the correction factors or the corrected irradiation values for the heat treatment being generated from predetermined conditions and in at least a part of the special areas according to other rules are generated than in other areas of the target shape outside the special areas,
  • a homogeneity correction factor module which assigns correction factors or corrected irradiation values to at least a partial area of a subsequent component layer, the correction factors or the corrected irradiation values being generated from the process space sensor data set and being generated in the special areas according to other rules than in other areas of the target form outside the special areas,
  • a certain high temperature level can be maintained globally or locally over the component over the duration of the construction process.
  • areas can be created that have locally different properties than the entire component.
  • a big-spot or beam-shaping process for example, is better suited to this than a standard process, as significantly more power is available to build a part significantly "hotter” than necessary.
  • subsequent heat treatment can be saved or added can be used to adapt the component properties in a further special way, for example by particularly hardening the wall area of the component again.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic, partially sectioned view of an exemplary embodiment of a device for additive manufacturing
  • Figure 2 shows a sketch for an energy input and correction factors at the edge of a component layer
  • Figure 3 shows a possible process space sensor data set for a component layer and its target shape
  • FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a possible process sequence of an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention
  • Figure 6 shows a normal correction of control data according to the prior art
  • the container 5 has a base plate 11 which is movable in a vertical direction V and which is arranged on a carrier 10. This base plate 11 closes the container 5 at the bottom and thus forms its bottom.
  • the base plate 11 can be formed integrally with the carrier 10, but it can also be a plate formed separately from the carrier 10 and attached to the carrier 10 or simply stored on it.
  • a building platform 12 can be attached to the base plate 11 as a building base on which the object 2 is built. In principle, the object 2 can also be built on the base plate 11 itself, which then forms the construction base.
  • the basic construction of the object 2 is carried out by first applying a layer of building material 13 to the building platform 12, then - as explained later - with a laser beam 22 as an energy beam at the points which are to form parts of the object 2 to be manufactured, the building material 13 is selectively solidified, then with the help of the carrier 10 the base plate 11, thus the building platform 12 is lowered and a new layer of the building material 13 is applied and selectively solidified, etc.
  • the object 2 built in the container on the building platform 12 is below the working level 7 is shown in an intermediate state. It already has several solidified layers, surrounded by building material 13 that remains unsolidified.
  • Various materials can be used as building material 13, preferably powder, in particular metal powder, plastic powder, ceramic powder, sand, filled or mixed powder or even pasty materials and optionally a mixture of several materials .
  • an additional radiation heater 17 in the process chamber 3. This can be used to heat the applied building material 13 so that the irradiation device used for the selective solidification does not use too much energy must bring in.
  • An infrared radiator or VCSEL radiator, for example, can be used as the radiant heater 17.
  • Figures 6 and 7 outline a correction of control data PS.
  • the bottom line shows the spatially resolved thermal data from several component layers B, B1, B2 lying directly one above the other. These are recorded by the sensor arrangement 18 as a process space sensor data set SD and correction factor maps KK are created as correction factor modules KK according to the method as outlined in FIG. 4 (top line). It can be seen that the correction factor maps KK look like a negative image of the heat distributions. This is because if there is too much local heat at this point, less energy should be introduced in the next production step.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour générer des données de commande (PS) pour un dispositif (1) pour fabriquer un composant (2) de manière additive dans un processus de fabrication, procédé dans lequel un matériau d'accumulation (13), comprenant de préférence une poudre métallique, s'accumule en couches dans un champ d'accumulation (8) par solidification sélective du matériau d'accumulation (13) au moyen d'une exposition à un rayonnement du matériau d'accumulation (13) avec au moins un faisceau d'énergie (22), le procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à : - enregistrer un ensemble de données de capteurs de chambre de traitement (SD) comportant des données thermiques à résolution spatiale d'une couche de composant (B) actuellement en cours de solidification ; - utiliser un ensemble de données de commande de chambre de traitement (KD) comportant une forme cible (F) de la couche de composant (B) actuellement en cours de solidification ; - déterminer un nombre de régions spéciales (S) dans la forme cible (F) ; - attribuer le nombre de régions spéciales (S) à des régions correspondantes dans l'ensemble de données de capteurs de chambre de traitement (SD) ; - générer un module de facteurs de correction (KK), les facteurs de correction (KF) étant générés dans les régions spéciales (S) en fonction de règles différentes de celles dans d'autres régions de la forme cible (F) à l'extérieur des régions spéciales (S) ; - corriger les données de commande (PS) pour la fabrication additive d'une couche de composant suivante (B1) sur la base du module de facteurs de correction (KK) ; - délivrer les données de commande corrigées (PS) à un dispositif (1) pour fabriquer un composant (2) de manière additive. L'invention concerne également des données de commande correspondantes, un procédé de fabrication additive, un dispositif de génération de données de commande, un dispositif de commande et un dispositif de fabrication.
EP23731966.0A 2022-06-03 2023-06-01 Procédé et dispositif pour générer des données de commande pour un dispositif pour fabriquer un composant de manière additive Pending EP4532128A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022114196 2022-06-03
PCT/EP2023/064657 WO2023232928A1 (fr) 2022-06-03 2023-06-01 Procédé et dispositif pour générer des données de commande pour un dispositif pour fabriquer un composant de manière additive

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EP4532128A1 true EP4532128A1 (fr) 2025-04-09

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US (1) US20250326182A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4532128A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN119384325A (fr)
DE (1) DE102023114366A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2023232928A1 (fr)

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DE102024135705B3 (de) 2024-12-02 2026-03-12 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Beschichten einer Bremsscheibe aus Grauguss oder Stahl

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WO2019165111A1 (fr) * 2018-02-21 2019-08-29 Sigma Labs, Inc. Systèmes et procédés de mesure d'énergie thermique rayonnant pendant une opération de fabrication additive
US11260598B2 (en) * 2018-04-09 2022-03-01 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Controlling heat sources based on representative temperatures

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DE102023114366A1 (de) 2023-12-14
CN119384325A (zh) 2025-01-28
US20250326182A1 (en) 2025-10-23
WO2023232928A1 (fr) 2023-12-07

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