Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
  • G02C7/00—Optical parts
  • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
  • G02C7/022—Ophthalmic lenses having special refractive features achieved by special materials or material structures
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
  • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
  • B29D11/00009—Production of simple or compound lenses
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
  • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
  • B29D11/00009—Production of simple or compound lenses
  • B29D11/00317—Production of lenses with markings or patterns
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
  • G02C7/00—Optical parts
  • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
  • G02C7/024—Methods of designing ophthalmic lenses
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
  • G02C2202/00—Generic optical aspects applicable to one or more of the subgroups of G02C7/00
  • G02C2202/24—Myopia progression prevention

Definitions

• the invention relates to a spectacle lens according to the preamble of claim 1 , a kit according to the preamble of claim 11 and to a computer-implemented method for designing a digital twin of a spectacle lens according to the preamble of claim 11 .
• Choroidal thickness decreases with age and severity of myopia (M. Ho et. al., Choroidal Thickness Measurement in Myopic Eyes by Enhanced Depth Optical Coherence Tomography, Ophthalmology 2013; 120:1909-1914).
• choroidal thickness rapidly increases several-fold, thereby reducing vitreous chamber depth (J. Wallman et. al., Moving the Retina: Choroidal Modulation of Refractive State, Vision Res. Vol. 35, No. 1 , pp. 37-50, 1995).
• C. Wildsoet and J. Wallman showed that when hyperopic or myopic defocus is imposed on chick eyes by spectacle lenses, they rapidly compensate, becoming myopic or hyperopic respectively, by altering the depth of their vitreous chamber (C. Wildsoet and J. Wallman, Choroidal and Scleral Mechanisms of Compensation for Spectacle Lenses in Chicks, Vision Res. Vol. 35, No. 9, pp. 1175-1194, 1995).
• DIMS Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments
• WO 2006/034652 A1 is directed to a method for treating progression of a refractive disorder in a human eye. Therefore, an artificial shift of the defocus equilibrium in the optical system of the eye is introduced for example by a spectacle lens. For normal vision a focused image is maintained near the macula, while together with a conventional correction the artificial shift introduces one or more defocused image(s) into the optical system of the eye. A defocused image and a focused image are introduced simultaneously by a concentric Fresnel type bi-focal or multi-focal lens as shown in and described with respect to figures 4 to 6 of WO 2006/034652 A1 .
• a defocused image is introduced at peripheral retina only while a focused image is kept at central retina by using a centralperipheral multi-focal lens as shown in and described with respect to figures 8a and 8b of WO 2006/034652 A1 .
• US 2017/0131567 A1 discloses a spectacle lens having a first refraction area based on a prescription of correcting the refraction of an eye and second refraction areas having a refractive power different from the first refractive power and having a function of focusing an image on a position other than a retina of the eye.
• the second refraction areas are formed as island-shaped areas on a surface of a spectacle lens, arranged as shown in figure 1 or figure 10, as hexagon within a circular area of a radius of 20 mm or less with an optical centre as a centre of the spectacle lens.
• the islandshaped areas are not arranged in a circular area of a radius of 2.5 to 10.0 mm with the optical centre of the spectacle lens as the centre.
• An island-shape area has a refractive power larger than the refractive power of the first refraction area by 2.00 D to 5.00 D.
• US 2020/0393699 A1 discloses with respect to figure 11 a pair of glasses, into the spectacle lenses thereof small bumps or depressions, translucent inclusions or transparent inclusions with a refractive index different form that of the spectacle lens material are introduced to blur images observed when wearing the pair of glasses.
• PCT/EP2022/053854 discloses a spectacle lens comprising one or more ring-shaped focusing structure ⁇ ) or one or more ring-shaped diffusing structure ⁇ ) each having a respective width surrounding a central clear zone.
• EP 3 561 578 A1 discloses with respect to table 1 a lens element having micro-lenses placed on the front surface thereof in a radial distance of 0 mm, 5 mm, 7.5 mm 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm to the optical center. Starting close to the optical centre the micro-lenses have an increasing then a decreasing mean sphere with increasing distance to the optical centre.
• a spectacle lens according to claim 1 a kit comprising a spectacle lens and information according to claim 5 and a computer-implemented method for designing a digital twin of a spectacle lens according to claim 11 .
• said foveal visual field being defined by a right circular double cone Ctovea with an axis coinciding with said optical axis, an apex of said right circular double cone Ctovea being located at an intersection of said optical axis with said pupil plane having said apex angle atovea, said apex angle atovea being in a range of from 4.5° to 5.5°, said apex angle atovea being identical for said foveal visual field and said right circular double cone Ctovea,
• a “spectacle lens” preferably is as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), section 3.5.2, an ophthalmic lens (3.5.1) worn in front of, but not in contact with, the eyeball.
• An ophthalmic lens is according to ISO 13666:2019(E), section 3.5.1 , a lens intended to be used for purposes of measurement, correction and/or protection of the eye, or for changing its appearance.
• optical centre preferably is as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), section 3.2.15, an intersection of the optical axis (3.1 .8) with a front surface (3.2.13) of a lens (3.5.2).
• the optical centre (3.2.15) usually applies to a singlevision lens (3.7.1).
• the single-vision lens is as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), section 3.7.1 , a spectacle lens (3.5.2) designed to provide a single dioptric power.
• the spectacle lens preferably is designed with respect to an eye model and an as-worn position.
• optical axis of an eye said optical axis preferably being perpendicular to a pupil plane of the eye and having an intersection with an apex of a cornea
• a foveal visual field being defined by a right circular double cone Cf 0 « a with an axis coinciding with said optical axis, an apex of said right circular double cone Cto « a being located at an intersection of said optical axis with said pupil plane having an apex angle af 0 « a , said apex angle af Ovea being in a range of from 4.5° to 5.5°, preferably from 4.6° to 5.4°, more preferably from 4.7° to 5.3° and most preferably from 4.8° to 5.2°.
• the apex angle af Ovea is for example preset to 5.1 °, said apex angle af Ovea being identical for said foveal visual field and said right circular double cone Cf 0V e a ,
• a central foveal visual field being defined by a right circular double cone Ccentrai with an axis coinciding with said optical axis, an apex of said right circular double cone Ccentrai being located at said intersection of said optical axis with said pupil plane having said apex angle acentrai smaller than or equal to said apex angle af Ovea , said apex angle acentrai being identical for said central foveal visual field and said right circular double cone Ccentrai,
• the as-worn position comprises
• vertex distance as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), section 3.2.40, as horizontal distance between a back surface (3.2.14) of a spectacle lens (3.5.2) and the apex of the cornea, measured with eyes in a primary position (3.2.26), the definition including note 1 to entry 3.2.40, said vertex distance being 12 mm,
• an as-worn pantoscopic angle as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), section 3.2.37, as vertical angle between a horizontal and a perpendicular to a reference line passing through an apex of grooves of upper and lower rims of a frame in a vertical plane containing the primary direction (3.2.25), the definition including notes 1 to 4 to entry 3.2.37, said as-worn pantoscopic angle being 0°,
• a “foveal visual field” preferably is an area visible to a fovea of an eye, preferably during stable fixation of an object, specified in degrees of visual angle.
• the foveal visual field is defined by the above- mentioned apex angle atovea.
• a “central foveal visual field” preferably is an area visible to a fovea of an eye, preferably during stable fixation of an object, specified in degrees of visual angle.
• the central foveal field is defined by the above-mentioned apex angle acentrai ⁇ atovea.
• the spectacle lens comprises a central zone and n ring-shaped peripheral zones.
• Said “central zone” preferably is an area on a surface of said spectacle lens which comprises the optical centre of said spectacle lens. Said area limited by said central zone is a part of a total surface area of a front surface or a back surface of said spectacle lens, said part comprising the optical centre of said spectacle lens. Said central zone may comprise one structure or more structures.
• Each ray is traced from an apex of said right circular double cone Ctovea to its intersection point with the back surface of said spectacle lens and in an optically correct way further to its intersection point with said front surface of said same spectacle lens.
• Said projection onto said front surface is then a closed curve fitted to said intersection points of said large number of rays.
• fitting a closed curved to said intersection points of said large number of rays can for example be done by linearly connecting said intersection points, by fitting a spline through said intersection points, or, in case of a rotationally symmetric spectacle lens, by fitting a circle or an ellipse through said intersection points.
• a number of 36, 72, 144 or 360 rays equidistant along the lateral surface of said right circular double cone Cfovea might be considered sufficient, depending on the intended accuracy.
• a “projection of a central foveal visual field” onto a surface of a spectacle lens preferably is a closed curve along said surface corresponding to a visual angle behind the spectacle lens associated with said central foveal field and corresponding to an apex angle acentrai of a right circular double cone Ccentrai.
• the projection of said central foveal visual field defined by the right circular double cone Ccentrai onto a back surface of the spectacle lens is an intersection line of said right circular double cone Ccentrai with said back surface.
• the projection of said central foveal visual field defined by the right circular double cone Ccentrai on a front surface of a same spectacle lens is calculated by ray-tracing a sufficiently large number of rays lying in a lateral surface of said right circular double cone Ccentrai through said spectacle lens and thus calculating intersection points of said large number of rays with said front surface of said spectacle lens.
• Each ray is traced from an apex of said right circular double cone Ccentrai to its intersection point with the back surface of said spectacle lens and in an optically correct way further to its intersection point with said front surface of said same spectacle lens.
• Said projection onto said front surface is then a closed curve fitted to said intersection points of said large number of rays.
• fitting a closed curved to said intersection points of said large number of rays can for example be done by linearly connecting said intersection points, by fitting a spline through said intersection points, or, in case of a rotationally symmetric spectacle lens, by fitting a circle or an ellipse through said intersection points.
• the projections of a right circular double cone Ccentrai onto the back and the front surface of the spectacle lens are circles.
• tracing only one ray from the apex of the right circular double cone Ccentrai along the lateral surface of the right circular double cone Ccentrai and further through the spectacle lens may be sufficient to define the radius of the projection circle of said right circular double cone Ccentrai onto the front surface of the spectacle lens.
• a number of 36, 72, 144 or 360 rays equidistant along the lateral surface of said right circular double cone Ccentrai might be considered sufficient, depending on the intended accuracy.
• a “surface” of a spectacle lens preferably is either a front surface as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), section 3.2.13, or a back surface as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), section 3.2.14.
• the front surface as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), section 3.2.13 is a surface of a spectacle lens (3.5.2) intended to be fitted away from an eye.
• the back surface as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), section 3.2.14, is a surface of a spectacle lens (3.5.2) intended to be fitted nearer to an eye.
• the front surface and the back surface may be formed of a same type of lens surface, preferably the same type selected from the before mentioned, or of different types of lens surfaces, preferably the different types also selected from the before mentioned.
• the lens surface of the front surface is of a different type as the lens surface of the back surface.
• the spectacle lens may comprise the central zone and the n ring-shaped peripheral zones on
• the central zone or the n ring-shaped peripheral zones are on the front surface and the respective other zone(s) are on the back surface, or - partially on a same surface and partially on a different surface, i.e., a) the central zone and b) one ringshaped peripheral zone or more ring-shaped peripheral zones are on the front surface and the residual of the n ring-shaped peripheral zones are on the back surface or vice versa.
• the spectacle lens comprises the central zone and the n ring-shaped peripheral zone preferably on a same surface, further preferably on the front surface.
• a “total surface area of a spectacle lens” preferably is a total area of a front surface or a total area of a back surface of the spectacle lens.
• a quantity “n” of the n ring-shaped peripheral zones is selected in that a respective total surface area is covered by the central zone and the n ring-shaped peripheral zones.
• the central zone may comprise one structure or more structures.
• One ring-shaped peripheral zone, more ring-shaped peripheral zones, or all ring-shaped peripheral zones of the n ring-shaped peripheral zones each may comprise one structure or more structures.
• One structure preferably is an area on or of a surface, i.e., a front surface or a back surface, of a spectacle lens, whose surface power is different to a surface power of a respective surface comprising said one structure outside said area occupied by said one structure.
• a spatial expansion of said area occupied by said one structure preferably is smaller than a total surface area of a respective surface of the spectacle lens comprising said one structure.
• a central zone of the spectacle lens comprises one structure
• an area of said one structure may be comprised in the central zone, or the area of said one structure may divided in a part comprised in the central zone and in a part not comprised in the central zone.
• one ring-shaped peripheral zone i, i 1 to n, of the n ring-shaped peripheral zones, one in the sense of a single ringshaped peripheral zone, comprises one structure
• an area of said one structure may be comprised in said one ring-shaped peripheral zone i, or the area of said one structure may be divided in a part comprised in said one ring-shaped peripheral zone i and a part not comprised in said one ring-shaped peripheral zone i.
• Dependent at least on an area occupied by said one structure and a position of said one structure the part of said one structure not comprised in said one ring-shaped peripheral zone i, i 1 to n, may be comprised at least in one adjacent ring-shaped peripheral zone i+1 to said one ring-shaped peripheral zone i.
• the refractive index may be an actual refractive index of the optical material or a nominal value.
• the refractive index of said one structure is assumed to be a same refractive index as of the spectacle lens.
• the surface power of said one structure is a surface mean power of said one structure.
• a “surface mean power of one structure” is an average of surface powers in two principal meridians of a surface of said one structure. The two principal meridians are as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), section 3.4.5 (principal meridians), surface meridians (3.2.11) of a surface of said one structure with maximum and minimum curvatures.
• a “mean surface mean power of one structure” is an average of surface mean powers over an area of said one structure.
• a “maximum surface mean power of one structure” is a maximum of surface mean powers over an area of said one structure.
• a “surface power of a respective surface”, i.e., the surface power of a front surface comprising said one structure outside an area occupied by said one structure or the surface power of a back surface comprising said one structure outside an area occupied by said one structure, is as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), section 3.10.4, a local ability of a finished surface to change a vergence of a bundle or rays incident at the respective surface, Further, as defined in note 1 to entry 3.10.4, the surface power of the respective surface is determined from a radius or radii of the respective surface and a refractive index (3.1.5) of an optical material (3.3.1), and is calculated for light (3.1 .2) incident or emergent in air.
• a surface of said one structure may be selected from at least one of the following surfaces or may be pieced together from parts selected from at least one of the following surfaces:
• Examples for one structure on a surface of a spectacle lens are:
• - one lenslet as disclosed in WO 2020/180817 A1 having a diameter of 0.5 mm or more up to 5 mm, or a lenslet having an add power of +0.25 D or more up to 5.0 D or an add power of -0.25 D or less, each compared to the based optical power of the lens;
• - one optical element as disclosed in WO 2022/251713 A1 having a desired shape and size
• - one light modulating cell preferably one lenslet, as disclosed in WO 2020/261213 A1 having a dimension and power as disclosed therein, for example in [00108], [00118], [00121], or [00122];
• An “area of one structure” on or of a surface i.e., a front surface or a back surface of a spectacle lens, preferably defines an onset line limiting said one structure. Said onset line passes along each onset of said one structure.
• An onset of said one structure preferably represents, preferably along a circumference or along a perimeter of said one structure, a first position in which a surface of said one structure, preferably in the sense of surface shape, form, or topography, deviates, preferably in each discrete x,y,z position, from a surface, preferably in the sense of surface shape, form, or topography, of a spectacle lens comprising said one structure.
• An area of one structure preferably is limited by one onset line only if within said area a surface of said one structure deviates in each discrete x,y,z position from a surface comprising said one structure, preferably outside said area occupied by said one structure.
• Examples for one structure occupying an area on a surface limited by one onset line only are a lenslet as described in WO 2020/180817 A1 or a single island-shaped area as described in US 2017/0131567 A1.
• An area of one structure may be limited by two onset lines, an outer onset line and an inner onset line.
• Said outer onset line passes along each outer onset of said one structure.
• Said inner onset line passes along each inner onset of a same one structure.
• An outer onset preferably represents, preferably along a circumference or along a perimeter of said one structure, a first outer position in which a surface of said one structure, preferably in the sense of surface shape, form, or topography, preferably in each discrete x,y,z position, deviates from a surface, preferably in the sense of surface shape, form, or topography, of a spectacle lens comprising said one structure.
• An area of one structure preferably is limited by an outer onset line and an inner onset line if within said area a surface, preferably the sense of surface shape, form, or topography, of said one structure is not deviating in each discrete x,y,z position from a surface, preferably the sense of surface shape, form, or topography, comprising said one structure, preferably outside said area occupied by said one structure.
• One exemplary structure occupying an area on a surface limited by one outer onset line and only one inner onset line is a simple ring-shaped structure, said ring-shaped structure surrounding or encircling a structure-free area of a surface and being surrounded or encircled by a structure-free area of said surface.
• Ring-shaped structure if it surrounds at least one structure-free area of a surface and there is at least one path within the one structure which runs from at least one starting point within the one structure around a structure-free area of a surface and to the same at least one starting point again.
• Ring-shaped structures may comprise circular, elliptical or otherwise curved rings encircling a structure-free area of a surface and being encircled by a structure-free area of said surface.
• a surface normal at either an apex of a front surface of a spectacle lens or an apex of a back surface of a spectacle lens shall define an origin of a x,y,z coordinate system and a “z direction”.
• a discrete x,y,z position is or discrete x,y,z positions are located within one of the before defined x,y,z coordinate systems.
• the more than one optical elements may be arranged contiguously as defined on page 15, line 27 to page 16, line 8 of WO 2019/166659 A1 or non-contiguously;
• - concentric rings as disclosed in WO 2019/166659 A1 , figure 1 1 b, the concentric rings arranged spaced apart from each other; - cylindrical microstructures as disclosed in CN 111103701 A, each having a radial width of 0.5 mm to 2 mm, a distance between the different cylindrical microstructures is 0.5 mm to 3 mm;
• an area of more structures on or of a surface the definition given before with respect to an area of one structure shall apply accordingly for each area of said more structures.
• the spectacle lens may comprise both the central and the n ring-shaped peripheral zones on a same surface, i.e., either on a front surface or a back surface.
• the spectacle lens may comprise the central zone, for example, on a front surface and the n ring-shaped peripheral zones on a back surface, or vice versa; or the spectacle lens may comprise a) the central zone and b) one ring-shaped peripheral zone or more ring-shaped peripheral zones on a same surface, for example, a front surface, and remaining ring-shaped peripheral zone on another surface, for example, a back surface, or vice versa. Accordingly and dependent on whether a respective zone is comprising one structure or more structures, all structures may be located on a same surface or structures may be located on both surfaces of a spectacle lens.
• n is chosen that a total surface area of said spectacle lens is covered by said central zone and said n ring-shaped peripheral zones, preferably irrespective of a size and a shape of said spectacle lens.
• n+1 retinal visual fields preferably are n+1 areas visible to a retina of an eye, preferably during stable fixation of an object, specified in degrees of visual angle.
• the projection of said retinal visual field defined by the respective right circular double cone Cretina® onto a back surface of the spectacle lens is an intersection line of said respective right circular double cone Cretina® with said back surface.
• the projection of said retinal visual field defined by the respective right circular double cone Cretina® on a front surface of a same spectacle lens is calculated by ray-tracing a sufficiently large number of rays lying in a lateral surface of said respective right circular double cone Cretina® through said spectacle lens and thus calculating intersection points of said large number of rays with said front surface of said spectacle lens.
• Each ray is traced from an apex of said respective right circular double cone Cretina® to its intersection point with the back surface of said spectacle lens and in an optically correct way further to its intersection point with said front surface of said same spectacle lens.
• Said projection onto said front surface is then a closed curve fitted to said intersection points of said large number of rays.
• the projections of a respective right circular double cone Cretina® onto the back and the front surface of the spectacle lens are circles.
• tracing only one ray from the apex of the respective right circular double cone Cretina® along the lateral surface of the right circular double cone Cretina® and further through the spectacle lens may be sufficient to define the radius of the projection circle of said respective right circular double cone Cretina® onto the front surface of the spectacle lens.
• a “power ratio effect of a ring-shaped peripheral zone i” comprising a) one structure or more structures or b) a part of one structure or more structures each is defined as a sum of a product of a surface add power of each structure within said ring-shaped peripheral zone i times a part of an area of each structure, said part being located within said ring-shaped peripheral zone i, divided by a total area of said ring-shaped peripheral zone i.
• An “identical value of a power ratio effect” comprises that respective power ratio effects
• Said predefined tolerance preferably is +/-10%, more preferably +/-5%, and most +/- 2% with respect to a relative power ratio effect deviation.
• Said relative power ratio effect deviation [in %] preferably is defined as whereby said power ratio effect deviation preferably is defined as a difference to a mean power ratio effect of each respective power ratio effect of each respective zone, i.e., of a central zone when comprising one structure or more structures, at least in part, as described before, and/or or of each ringshaped peripheral zone that comprises one structure or more structures, at least in part, as described before, and said mean power ratio effect preferably is defined as an average of power ratio effects of each respective zone, i.e., of said central zone when comprising one structure or more structures, at least in part, as described before, and/or or of each ring-shaped peripheral zone that comprises one structure or more structures, at least in part, as described before.
• a spectacle lens described in the forgoing supports the inventors’ findings with respect to a retinal image mediated ocular growth mechanism by which individual photoreceptors (figure 7, figure 8, figure 9, 902, 1002, 1102) generate elicited visual signals (904, 1004, 1 104), i.e., maximum visual signal (904) corresponds with maximum image contrast, from a local region of the pupil via the Stiles- Crawford-Effect, thereby, the only angle of incident of a bundle of light rays (906, 1006, 1106) entering a local region of the pupil, which will be aligned to the photoreceptor axis is a bundle of light rays (906) that has its focal point (901) on the retinal pigment epithelium (905), as possible alternative myopia progression and prevention mechanisms of action, taking into consideration the following:
• a reduced visual signal (1004, 1 104) is elicited by individual photoreceptors (1002, 1102) when the focal points (1001 ,1101) are in front or behind the retinal pigment epithelium (1005, 1105). Contrast improvement by individual photoreceptors (1002, 1102) is achieved via local choroidal thinning (1100) or thickening (1000) thereby detecting the sign of defocus on an individual photoreceptor (902, 1002, 1 102) basis and maximizing elicited signals.
• the Stiles-Crawford-Effect describes the apparent difference in brightness when a ray of light travels through the open pupil.
• photoreceptor alignment is governed by a phototropic mechanism that actively orients their axis toward the entrance pupil of the eye. Certain unspecified local changes occur within the myoid of the photoreceptor that are appropriate to activate molecular motors and induce local movements by cytoskeletal elements (microtubules and microfilaments) (J. M. Gorrand, The directionality of photoreceptors in the human retina, Bull. Soc. beige Ophtalmol., 302, 215-229, 2006).
• the elicited signal (904), from a bundle of light rays of a local region of the pupil aligned with cone directionality will be reduced (1004, 1104) if the reflection from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is not aligned with cone directionality or not focused on the RPE due to the Stiles-Crawford-Effect. All other elicited visual signal coming from light rays of local regions of the pupil at an angle of incident to the photoreceptor axis will also create reduced responses due to the Stiles-Crawford-Effect. Therefore, for any given object distance and 3-dimensional object space, by means of accommodation, local elicited visual signals of photoreceptors may be maximized.
• the sum of visual signals may be weighted depending on photoreceptor density and signal transfer capacity per region.
• the sum of elicited signal reductions (1004, 1104) i.e., the sum from individual photoreceptors is given by: where:
• P m photoreceptor weighted by peripheral zone by peripheral zone signal function
• x blur circle of relevant bundle of light coming from a local region of the pupil, which is aligned or not aligned with cone directionality.
• the problem underlying this invention has been fully solved as the spectacle lens according to the invention considers the above-described signal reduction due to the above-described Stiles- Crawford-Effect via a respective power ratio effect defined before with respect to a central zone when comprising one structure or more structures, at least in part, and with respect to a ring-shaped peripheral zone when comprising one structure or more structures, at least in part, thereby determining a distribution, density and surface add power of one structure or of more structures on a surface of a spectacle lens.
• the respective power ratio effect having a respective weighting factor w P or w c defined before considers the above-described signal reduction due to the above-described Stiles-Crawford-Effect by determining a distribution, density and surface add power of one structure or of more structures on a surface of a spectacle lens.
• a data set according to the invention comprises at least one kind of the following kinds of data:
• Said data set may be a) stored on a computer-readable medium, b) in the form of a computer-readable data signal, or c) carried by a data signal.
• the computer-readable medium may be a non-transitory tangible computer-readable storage medium carrying said data set.
• a “digital twin of a spectacle lens” preferably is defined analogously as in ISO 13666:2019(E), section 3.5.2 (spectacle lens), as a digital twin of an ophthalmic lens worn, when transferred to physical reality, in front of, but not in contact with, the eyeball.
• the digital twin of the spectacle lens is for the purpose of a use for manufacturing the spectacle lens.
• the digital twin of the spectacle lens is a mathematical description of a front surface of the spectacle lens, a mathematical description of a back surface of the spectacle lens, said mathematical descriptions including a relative orientation of the front surface and the back surface in a same coordinate system and a refractive index of an optical material between the front surface and the back surface.
• said mathematical descriptions may include a relative orientation of the front surface and the back surface and a distance in one point between the front surface and the back surface.
• the front surface of the digital twin of the spectacle lens is defined analogously as in ISO 13666:2019(E), section 3.2.13, as a surface which when said digital twin is transferred to physical reality is intended to be fitted away from the eye.
• the back surface of the digital twin of the spectacle lens is defined analogously as in ISO 13666:2019(E), section 3.2.14, as a surface which when said digital twin is transferred to physical reality is intended to be fitted nearer to the eye.
• the digital twin of the spectacle lens is transferred to physical reality by manufacturing said spectacle lens.
• Said analytical description or said analytical model is for the purpose of a use for manufacturing said spectacle lens.
• Said analytical description or said analytical model preferably is a piecewise representation and comprises (a) a mathematical formula describing a lens surface of a front surface of said spectacle lens, (b) a mathematical formula describing a lens surface of a back surface of said spectacle lens and (c) a mathematical formula describing a refractive index of an optical material;
• said analytical description or said analytical model being (i) computer-readable data or (ii) in the form of computer-readable data, said computer-readable data being for the purpose of a use for manufacturing said spectacle lens;
• said analytical description or said analytical model being (i) computer-readable data or (ii) in the form of computer-readable data, said computer-readable data additionally containing manufacturing instructions for manufacturing said spectacle lens;
• said analytical description or said analytical model being for the purpose of a use for manufacturing said spectacle lens and being (i) stored on a computer-readable storage medium, (ii) embodied in a data signal or (iii) transferred via a data signal.
• the computer readable storage medium may be a non-transitory tangible computer-readable storage medium;
• Said numerical data are for the purpose of a use for manufacturing said spectacle lens.
• Said numerical data preferably are comprising or being a conversion of said analytical description or said analytical model.
• Said numerical data preferably are comprising a pattern which comprises a) discrete x,y,z positions of or on a front surface of said spectacle lens and b) discrete x,y,z positions of or on a back surface of said spectacle lens.
• Said pattern comprising discrete x,y,z positions may be adapted or selected arbitrarily.
• Said numerical data comprises the function value of the analytical description or the analytical model of a front or back surface in each of said discrete x,y positions.
• each discrete x,y position i.e., the discrete x,y,z positions, of the front surface and the back surface are described in a same coordinate system; or a relative orientation of coordinate systems of the front surface and the back surface and a distance in one point between the front surface and the back surface is comprised in said numerical data.
• a refractive index of an optical material is comprised in said numerical data; - numerical data describing or representing said spectacle lens, said numerical data additionally containing manufacturing instructions for manufacturing said spectacle lens;
• said numerical data being (i) computer-readable data or (ii) in the form of computer-readable data, said computer-readable data being for the purpose of a use for manufacturing said spectacle lens;
• the numerical data being for the purpose of a use for manufacturing said spectacle lens and being (i) stored on a computer-readable storage medium, (ii) embodied in a data signal or (iii) transferred via a data signal.
• the computer-readable storage medium may be a non-transitory tangible computer-readable storage medium;
• said computer-readable data being for the purpose of a use for manufacturing said spectacle lens and being (i) stored on a computer-readable storage medium, (ii) embodied in a data signal or (iii) transferred via a data signal.
• the computer-readable storage medium may be a non-transitory tangible computer-readable storage medium;
• a spectacle lens preferably results from a transfer of a digital twin of the spectacle to physical reality.
• the digital twin of the spectacle lens is transferred to physical reality by manufacturing the spectacle lens.
• the kit according to the invention comprises a spectacle lens and information, said spectacle lens having an optical centre as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), section 3.2.15, or a fitting point as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), section 3.2.34, said spectacle lens comprising
• kits being characterized in said spectacle lens comprising said central zone being a projection onto a surface of said spectacle lens of a) a foveal visual field having an apex angle acentrai equal to an apex angle atovea, b) a central foveal visual field smaller than or equal to said foveal visual field, said central foveal visual field having an apex angle acentrai smaller than or equal to said apex angle atovea, said central zone b) enveloping one structure or more structures, or c) a foveal visual field having said apex angle atovea equal to said apex angle atovea, said central zone c) dividing one structure or more structures in a part located within said central zone and in a part located outside said central zone c), said central zone being defined with respect to
• n+1 right circular double cones Cretina® each with an axis coinciding with said optical axis
• each apex angle a being identical for a retinal visual field of said n+1 retinal visual fields and a respective right circular double cone Cretina®
• said n ring-shaped peripheral zoned being delineated by n+1 projections of said n+1 retinal visual fields onto a surface of said spectacle lens, said n ring-shaped peripheral zones comprising
• position-specific single-vision spectacle lens as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), section 3.7.2, a single-vision spectacle lens (3.7.1), generally with complex surface geometry, that needs to be positioned accurately according to the ordered specification and bears permanent alignment reference markings (3.15.25); note 1 to entry 3.7.2:
• An example of positionspecific single-vision spectacle lenses are those single-vision spectacle lenses (3.7.1) calculated to take into account an as-worn position (3.2.36) and therefore requiring accurate mounting in front of a wearer’s eye.
• a power-variation spectacle lens is as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), section 3.7.7, a spectacle lens (3.5.2) with a smooth variation of focal power (3.10.2) over part or all of its area, without discontinuity, designed to provide more than one focal power; note 1 to entry 3.7.7: These are usually designed to provide increasing or decreasing spherical power (3.12.2), typically in a vertical meridian (3.2.11), so as to provide correction for different object distances, note 2 to entry 3.7.7: Examples of power-variation spectacle lenses are, but not limited to, progressive-power spectacle lenses (3.7.8) and degressive- power spectacle lenses (3.7.9).
• vertex distance as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), section 3.2.40, said vertex distance preferably being in a range selected from the following group of ranges: osaid vertex distance being in a range of from 5 mm to 30 mm, osaid vertex distance being in a range of from 8 mm to 17 mm, osaid vertex distance being in a range of from 9 mm to 15 mm; for example, said vertex distance may be preset to 12 mm,
• said as-worn pantoscopic angle preferably being in a range selected from the following group of ranges: osaid as-worn pantoscopic angle being in a range of from -20° to 30°, osaid as-worn pantoscopic angle being in a range of from -5° to 20°, osaid as-worn pantoscopic angle being in a range of from 0° to 12°; for example, said as-worn pantoscopic angle may be preset to 0°,
• said as-worn face form angle preferably being in a range selected from the following group of ranges: osaid as-worn face form angle being in a range of from -5° to 35°, osaid as-worn face form angle being in a range of from -3° to 20°, osaid as-worn face form angle being in a range of from 0° to 15°; for example, said as-worn face form angle may be preset to 0°.
• the instruction stipulated by a manufacturer for positioning the spectacle lens in front of an eye preferably comprises at least one of:
• a front surface or a back surface of a spectacle lens is for example a power-variation surface or another surface without an unambiguously definably apex, preferably a surface normal at a fitting point of the spectacle lens shall define the origin of the x,y,z coordinate system and a primary direction may define a z direction.
• the x,y direction is in the plane perpendicular to said primary direction. In said plane perpendicular to said primary direction the x direction and the y direction are perpendicular to each other.
• a respective weighting factor w P and w c is as defined with respect to an above-described spectacle lens:
• a weighting factor w P associated with a respective ring-shaped peripheral zone i is selected from one weighting factor w P selected from the group consisting of
• the problem underlying this invention has been fully solved as the kit according to the invention, the spectacle lens of the kit considering the above-described signal reduction due to the above-described Stiles-Crawford-Effect via a respective power ratio effect defined before with respect to a central zone when comprising one structure or more structures, at least in part, and with respect to a ring-shaped peripheral zone when comprising one structure or more structures, at least in part, thereby determining a distribution, density and surface add power of one structure or of more structures on a surface of a spectacle lens.
• a data set according to the invention comprises at least one kind of the following kinds of data: (i) a digital twin of the before described kit, whereby the digital twin of the spectacle lens is configured to be fed to one or more manufacturing machines being configured for manufacturing the spectacle lens, or
• Said data set may be a) stored on a computer-readable medium, b) in the form of a computer-readable data signal, or c) carried by a data signal.
• the computer-readable medium may be a non-transitory tangible computer-readable storage medium carrying said data set.
• a digital twin of a kit comprises a digital twin of a spectacle lens and a digital twin of information.
• a digital twin of information preferably comprises that a set of parameters comprising an as-worn position and an instruction stipulated by a manufacturer for positioning the spectacle lens in front of an eye is provided in form of computer-readable data.
• said apex angle atovea being in a range of from 4.5° to 5.5°
• said apex angle atovea being in a range of from 4.6° to 5.4
• said apex angle atovea being in a range of from 4.7° to 5.3°
• said apex angle atovea being in a range of from 4.8° to 5.2°.
• said apex angle atovea is identical for said foveal visual field and a right circular double cone Ctovea, said a right circular double cone Ctovea defining said foveal visual field, an axis of said right circular double cone Ctovea coincides with an optical axis of an eye, an apex of said right circular double cone Ctovea having said apex angle atovea is located at an intersection of said optical axis with a pupil plane of said eye.
• said apex angle acentrai is identical for said central foveal visual field and a right circular double cone Ccentrai, said right circular double cone Ccentrai defining said central foveal visual field, an axis of said right circular double cone Ccentrai coincides with an optical axis of an eye, an apex of said right circular double cone Ccentrai having said apex angle acentrai is located at an intersection of said optical axis with a pupil plane of said eye, said apex angle acentrai being smaller than or equal to said apex angle Ofovea .
• an eye model such as to comprise an optical axis of an eye, a distance from a pupil plane of said eye to an apex of a cornea of said eye along said optical axis, a right circular double cone Ctovea, a right circular double cone Ccentrai and n+1 right circular double cones Cretina®.
• a vertex distance such as to be in a range selected from the following group of ranges: osaid vertex distance being in a range of from 5 mm to 30 mm, osaid vertex distance being in a range of from 8 mm to 17 mm, osaid vertex distance being in a range of from 9 mm to 15 mm;
• weighting factor w P being selected from one weighting factor w P of the group consisting of:
• a computer program according to the invention comprises instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the computer-implemented method described before.
• the computer program may be stored on a non-transitory tangible computer- readable storage medium, the computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out a method as described before.
• a data processing system comprising a processor and a storage medium coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is adapted to perform steps as described before, based on a computer program stored on a non-transitory tangible computer-readable storage medium.
• a computer-readable storage medium may have stored thereon a computer program according to the invention.
• the computer-readable storage medium may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.
• a data signal may carry said computer program.
• the computer-implemented method for designing a digital twin of the spectacle lens for the purpose of a use of the digital twin for manufacturing the spectacle lens is preferably further configured for manufacturing a spectacle lens based on a digital twin of said spectacle lens.
• ⁇ determining said central zone via a projection onto a surface of said digital twin of said spectacle lens of a) a foveal visual field having an apex angle acentrai equal to an apex angle atovea, b) a central foveal visual field smaller than or equal to said foveal visual field, said central foveal visual field having an apex angle acentrai smaller than or equal to said apex angle atovea, said central zone b) enveloping one structure or more structures, or c) a foveal visual field having said apex angle atovea equal to said apex angle atovea, said central zone c) dividing one structure or more structures in a part located within said central zone and in a part located outside said central zone c), said apex angle atovea being selected from one range of the following ranges:
• said apex angle atovea being in a range of from 4.5° to 5.5°
• said apex angle atovea being in a range of from 4.6° to 5.4
• said apex angle atovea being in a range of from 4.8° to 5.2°.
• ⁇ predefining said as-worn pantoscopic angle such as to be in a range selected from the following group of ranges: osaid as-worn pantoscopic angle being in a range of from -20° to 30°, osaid as-worn pantoscopic angle being in a range of from -5° to 20°, osaid as-worn pantoscopic angle being in a range of from 0° to 12°;
• ⁇ predefining said as-worn face form angle such as to be in a range selected from the following group of ranges: osaid as-worn face form angle being in a range of from -5° to 35°, osaid as-worn face form angle being in a range of from -3° to 20°, osaid as-worn face form angle being in a range of from 0° to 15°.
• the computer-implemented method for evaluating a predefined digital twin of a spectacle lens may be used to compare at least two different digital twins with each other. Said method may be used to evaluate if a predefined digital twin of the spectacle lens solves the problem underlying the invention.
• a computer program comprises instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the beforementioned evaluation method
• a data signal carries said computer program.
• said central zone comprising a structure being selected from one of
• ring-shaped structures shall apply to structures, preferably ring-shaped focusing structures, providing a ringshaped focal line as well as to structures comprising a plurality of lenslets adjoining each other such, that they form a ring of contiguously connected lenslets and providing a plurality of (for example equidistantly arranged and preferably mainly line-shaped or point-shaped) foci along a ring-shaped line.
• a structure providing a ring-shaped focal line is for example shown in figures 14a and 14b and described in paragraph [0102] of EP 3 561 578 A1 as well as in figures 1 1 a and 11 b, page 20, lines 10 to 12 of WO 2019/166659 A1 , respectively.
• ring-shaped structures shall further apply to structures, preferably ring-shaped focusing structures, comprising a plurality of lenslets not adjoining each other but forming a ring of not contiguously connected lenslets with each lenslet providing a focus along a ring-shaped line.
• a ring-shaped structure comprising a plurality of lenslets not adjoining each other but forming a ring of not contiguously connected lenslets
• said ring of not contiguously connected lenslets corresponds to a ring of contiguously connected lenslets in which one or more lenslets is or are missing.
• One or more lenslets is or are missing may be for example the case when every second, every third, every fourth, etc. lenslet is missing.
• a clear zone shall be considered as “ring-shaped clear zone” if it is surrounded by a structure and there is a path within the clear zone which runs from a starting within the clear zone around the structure and to the starting point again.
• a clear zone shall be considered as ““ring-shaped clear zone” if it is surrounded by said structure (a) providing a ring-shaped focal line or (b) comprising a plurality of lenslets adjoining each other such, that they form a ring of contiguously connected lenslets and there is a path within the clear zone and along said structure which runs from a starting within the clear zone around said structure and along said structure and to the starting point again.
• a clear zone shall be considered as “ring-shaped clear zone” if it is surrounded by said structure when the missing one or more lenslets would have been added and there is a path within the clear zone which runs from a starting within the clear zone around the added structure and to the starting point again.
• the term “along a structure” shall mean that there is a path within one of
• an outer onset or the outer onsets of a structure which runs from a starting point within the outer onset(s) around the outer onset(s) and to the starting point again.
• inner onset specifies an onset on the side of the structure towards to an optical centre as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), section 3.2.15, of the spectacle lens.
• outer onset specifies an onset on the side of the structure towards the periphery of the spectacle lens.
• the term “clear zone” applies to a structure-free zone of a spectacle lens. It is designed such that it shall neither provide a myopic defocus nor a diffusion in foveal vision when a wearer looks through the clear zone with the spectacle lens being positioned according the specified as-worn position, the as-worn position or position of wear as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), section 3.2.26. Furthermore, a clear zone may allow for achieving, if required assisted by accommodation, a focused image on the fovea.
• a Fresnel structure on a spectacle lens or as spectacle lens comprising a Fresnel structure for example as a concentric Fresnel bi-focal or multi-focal spectacle lens as described in WO 2006/034652 A1 , shown in WO 2006/034652 A1 , figures 4a and 4b, and described in WO 2006/034652 A1 , page 7, lines 4 to 12 with respect to figures 4a and 4b, and page 8, lines 5 to 9; or
• a plurality of focusing structures may be for example
• a spectacle lens comprising a plurality of island-shaped areas is shown in plan view in US 2017/0131567 A1 , figures 1 , 2 and 10, in side view in figures 3 and 4 and described in US 2017/0131567 A1 , paragraphs [0050], [0052], [0053] with respect to figures 1 and 2, in paragraph [0055] with respect to figure 10, and in paragraph [0051] with respect to figures 3 and 4.
• each island-shaped area has an area of about 0.50 to 3.14 mm 2 , has a circular shape of 0.8 to 2.0 mm in diameter and the distance between island-shaped areas is diameter/2; or
• a plurality of ring-shaped structures for example described as cylindrical concentric rings in WO 2019/166657 A1 .
• a plurality of cylindrical concentric rings is shown in plan view in WO 2019/166657 A1 , figure 14b, and described in WO 2019/166657 A1 , page 22, lines 17 to 19.
• the optical centre may be positioned anywhere within the ring-shaped clear zone.
• a spectacle lens is having the ring-shaped clear zone with a clear zone width within at least one range of the following group of ranges:
• clear zone width shall designate a largest dimension or a largest expansion of the ringshaped clear zone when viewed from above and projected in a plane.
• the largest dimension or the largest expansion preferably is designated by the most distant inner onset positions of the innermost structures surrounding the ring-shaped clear zone.
• a spectacle lens is having the central zone comprising an optical centre as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), section 3.2.15.
• a progressive-power lens (PPL) or progressive-addition lens (PAL) or varifocal lens may comprise more than one central zones, preferably two central zones, preferably positioned in distance portion and in near portion.
• the optical centre may be either
• the optical centre may be any optical centre.
• the spectacle lens is having the central zone with a central zone width within at least one range of the following group of ranges:
• central zone width shall designate a largest dimension or a largest expansion of the central zone when viewed from above and projected in a plane.
• the largest dimension or the largest expansion preferably is designated by the most distant outer onset positions of the outermost structures of the central zone.
• the central zone width is the diameter.
• the diameter preferably is designated by the most distant outer onset positions of the outermost structures of the circular central zone.
• the diameter is within at least one range of the before mentioned ranges.
• - one diffusing structure is in the optical centre.
• the spectacle lens is having the a) focusing structure, or b) plurality of focusing structures each comprised in the central zone provides an additional power as compared to the ring-shaped clear zone surrounding said central zone within at least one range of the following group of ranges:
• said additional power is larger than 1 diopter and equal or lower than 12 diopter;
• additional power is larger than 5.5 diopter and equal or lower than 7 diopter.
• additional power applies to a focal power that is added to the focal power, the focal power defined in EN ISO 13666(E), section 3.10.2, of a spectacle lens in at least one meridian, where the focal power of a spectacle lens provides, assisted by accommodation, a focused image on the fovea and the additional power, when added to the focal power of a spectacle lens, provides for a myopic defocus.
• the additional power must not be confused with the addition power of a progressive-power lens.
• a focusing structure or a plurality of focusing structures comprised in said central zone may provide an additional power identical to or different from an additional power provided by the ring-shaped structure for example.
• the additional power provided by the ring-shaped structure preferably is also in and selected from the before-mentioned ranges.
• the spectacle lens comprises a central zone, said central zone comprising a structure, said structure being selected from one of:
• the spectacle lens is characterized by the a) focusing structure, or b) plurality of focusing structures each comprised in the central zone provides an additional power as compared to a lens surface surrounding said central zone within at least one range of the following group of ranges:
• said additional power is larger than 1 diopter and equal or lower than 12 diopter;
• said additional power is larger than 2.5 diopter and equal or lower than 11 diopter;
• said additional power is larger than 3 diopter and equal or lower than 10 diopter;
• said additional power is larger than 5.5 diopter and equal or lower than 7 diopter.
• the exemplary spectacle lenses may be in the form of computer-readable instructions for the production thereof stored on a computer-readable data carrier.
• the spectacle lenses according to the examples may be in the form of a numerical data set.
• the spectacle lenses according to the examples may be in the form of a data signal transferring a numerical data set.
• the spectacle lenses according to the examples may be in the form of a data carrier storing a numerical data set.
• Figures 1 , 3 and 4 show a single-vision lens with one focusing structure in a central zone.
• Figures 2, 5 and 6 show a single-vision lens with a plurality of focusing structures in a central zone.

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• 2022
  • 2022-05-27 EP EP22175797.4A patent/EP4283382A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2023
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