EP4540021A1 - Système d'électrolyse - Google Patents

Système d'électrolyse

Info

Publication number
EP4540021A1
EP4540021A1 EP23745169.5A EP23745169A EP4540021A1 EP 4540021 A1 EP4540021 A1 EP 4540021A1 EP 23745169 A EP23745169 A EP 23745169A EP 4540021 A1 EP4540021 A1 EP 4540021A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
electrolysis
electrolysis system
converter
supply line
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23745169.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marvin Bendig
Ulf-André GECK
Sven Schumann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP4540021A1 publication Critical patent/EP4540021A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
    • C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Arrangements for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/16—Arrangements for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/10—Arrangements incorporating converting means for enabling loads to be operated at will from different kinds of power supplies, e.g. from AC or DC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/1563—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators without using an external clock
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/20—Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
    • H02J2101/22—Solar energy
    • H02J2101/24—Photovoltaics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/20—Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
    • H02J2101/28—Wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrolysis system comprising at least two electrolysis systems and a power supply source.
  • Electrolysis i.e. processes in which a chemical reaction is caused with the help of electric current, is used in many technical areas and is used, for example, to obtain various materials. For example, hydrogen and oxygen can be obtained through the electrolysis of water.
  • electrolysis devices also called electrolysis stacks or electrolyzers or electrolysis plants, it is desirable, especially on an industrial scale, if they can be operated as energy-efficiently and as safely as possible.
  • electrolysis is produced from water using, for example, proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis, an anion exchange membrane or alkaline electrolysis.
  • PEM proton exchange membrane
  • the electrolysis systems use electrical energy to produce hydrogen and oxygen from the water supplied. This process takes place in a so-called electrolysis stack, composed of several electrolysis cells.
  • the electrolysis stack can in turn consist of several electrolysis modules, which in turn are composed of a large number of electrolysis cells.
  • Water is introduced as starting material into the electrolysis stack, which is under a direct voltage (DC voltage), with two fluid streams consisting of water and gas bubbles (0 2 and H 2 ) emerging after passing through the electrolysis cells.
  • DC voltage direct voltage
  • electrolyzers or electrolysis systems can be connected electrically, for example in parallel, with the electrolyzers each are supplied via a separate galvanically isolated circuit consisting of a transformer with a tap changer for rough control of the electrolysers and a rectifier with a thyristor circuit for fine control of the electrolysis system, which is a very complex implementation.
  • the electrolyzers are connected in parallel and operated via a rectifier, although this leads to a current distribution according to the resistance conditions of the electrolyzers and thus to a large derating and the risk of one or more electrolyzers being operated outside of them safe operating areas.
  • a high direct current is required to operate water electrolysis systems. Since the electrical energy network is typically operated as an alternating current network, the use of power electronic rectifiers is required to connect the electrolysis to the network. In future large-scale systems, this circumstance with the existing concepts will mean that many rectifier systems operating in parallel will have to be used.
  • EP 3 752 665 A1 discloses a network connection of an electrolysis system with several electrolyzers connected in parallel.
  • the rectifier has a thyristor set with a large number of thyristors.
  • the controllability of the rectifier is achieved by selecting the ignition times of the thyristors in the thyristor set.
  • EP 3 753 665 A1 further provides a capacitor which is connected in parallel to the output of the rectifier.
  • an adjustable filter device is provided, with an inductance and a capacitance, by means of which a harmonic generated by the rectifier can be dampened, which are generated during operation by switching the thyristor set of the rectifier.
  • a corresponding number of power electronic rectifiers must be provided for the network connection, which are used in a complex rectifier system and which are connected in parallel to meet the high direct current requirements for the electrolysis systems to be able to provide.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying an electrolysis system with a direct current supply for several electrolysis systems connected in parallel, which is designed for large systems and has cost advantages over the known approaches, while at the same time improving operating behavior in terms of energy-efficient operation.
  • an electrolysis system comprising at least two electrolysis systems, a power supply source with a DC voltage output and a central supply line, the central supply line being connected to the DC voltage output of the power supply source, so that a direct current is fed into the central one at a first DC voltage Supply line can be fed in, and the electrolysis systems are electrically connected in parallel to the central supply line, with a voltage for direct current supply from the public power grid at a network connection point Source converter (VSC), in particular a modular multilevel converter (MMC), is connected, which converts an input-side alternating voltage into the output-side first direct voltage at the direct voltage output, each electrolysis system each having a converter that converts the first direct voltage into a respective second direct voltage.
  • VSC network connection point Source converter
  • MMC modular multilevel converter
  • each of the DC/DC converters is connected in parallel to the DC voltage output of the voltage source converter (VSC), in particular the modular multilevel converter (MMC), in such a way that the second DC voltage drops across the electrolysis system, each of the DC/DC converters can be controlled and/or regulated to adjust a level of its second direct voltage, with controllable bridging switches being provided, so that when the bridging switch is closed, a respective DC/DC converter can be bridged in such a way that the connected electrolysis system can be directly supplied with the first direct voltage.
  • VSC voltage source converter
  • MMC modular multilevel converter
  • VSC voltage source converter
  • MMC converter modular multilevel converter
  • the alternating current is only converted into direct current once at the network connection point.
  • an IGBT-based rectifier is used at the connection, which is provided, for example, by a modular multilevel converter.
  • VSC voltage source converter
  • MMC modular multilevel converter
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that, due to the high direct currents required for electrolysis, rectifiers based on thyristor technology are currently primarily used.
  • the previously preferred thyristor-based rectification and AC connection technology is proven, reliable and has comparatively low losses during operation.
  • the use of thyristors leads to strong network disturbances due to vibrations, so-called harmonics, and also to a high reactive power requirement.
  • harmonics Particularly in future large electrolysis systems with multiple electrolysis systems or electrolyzers, this creates a significant additional filter and compensation requirement, which increases both the costs and the space required accordingly. Since both the reactive power requirement and harmonics depend on the operating point, the filter systems must be designed for all operating points of a connected large electrolysis system in order to achieve the required operating flexibility and network stability in a large, industrial-scale system.
  • thyristor rectifiers are operated in parallel, for example in large systems, they can be supplied with phase-shifted alternating voltages in order to reduce the need for filters. With such a concept, however, it is necessary to keep the rectifiers all at comparable, uniform operating points or to draw similar power. If operation with different operating points has to be taken into account, for example due to different aging of the individual electrolysis modules, the filter requirement increases again. As a result, operational flexibility is significantly limited or can only be improved with a high level of systemic effort and expense.
  • a voltage source converter in particular a modular multilevel converter (MMC) is used for the first time to transmit power between and AC and DC networks in an electrolysis system, with numerous advantages over a thyristor-based one Supply topology. It is particularly advantageous that in an electrolysis system between the public power grid and the central supply line, a bidirectional power transfer is possible, which enables network services such as voltage support or the assumption of network functions.
  • bipolar transistors with an insulated gate electrode (English: insulated-gate bipolar transistor, IGBT for short) in the modular multilevel converter that supplies the electrolysis with direct current proves to be particularly advantageous for the operating behavior of the electrolysis system.
  • the IGBT is a semiconductor component that is used in power electronics because it has advantages of the bipolar transistor such as good on-state behavior, high blocking voltage, Ro- Bustiness and the advantages of a field effect transistor are combined by an almost powerless control.
  • the use of IGBT's is widespread, for example, in a so-called three-phase B6 bridge circuit with an IGBT-based rectifier, which achieves very precise control of the electrolysis current with good rectification.
  • the respective DC/DC converters individually reduce the first DC voltage for an electrolysis system to a respective second DC voltage to the desired values without significant conversion losses.
  • both the electrolysis systems can be regulated with regard to the electrolysis output and can be switched on and off.
  • a partial load capability or partial load control is achieved by regulating the electrolysis current.
  • island grid capability can also be ensured if necessary - in addition to or as an alternative to a network connection to the public power grid, which brings significant cost advantages, for example in remote on-shore systems or off-shore systems.
  • several DC/DC converters can be connected in parallel and used in a respective connection line.
  • the electrolysis system comprises a plurality of controllable bridging switches, so that in a connecting line a respective DC/DC converter, for example an IGBT-based step-down converter, is connected, if necessary, by a respectively assigned controllable bridging switch can be bridged.
  • a DC/DC converter When a DC/DC converter is bridged, the first DC voltage then drops completely across the electrolysis system connected to the bridged DC/DC converter. With bridged DC/DC converters, the second DC voltage corresponds to the first DC voltage.
  • the input voltage of the DC/DC converter can be achieved by bridging the DC /DC converter must be replaced. This makes it possible to avoid the electrical losses that would arise during regular operation when the DC/DC converter is energized.
  • the respective bridging switches can be controlled, for example, by a central computing device of the electrolysis system, the computing device being designed in particular to control and/or regulate the DC/DC converters.
  • a bridging device with a number of controllable bridging switches is provided in the electrolysis system and a particularly advantageous and energy-efficient utilization control of the electrolysis systems connected to the central DC supply line is made possible.
  • the DC/DC converter is designed as an IGBT-based step-down converter for individual power control of the electrolysis system.
  • the voltage source converter in particular designed as a modular multilevel converter (MMC), is designed for bidirectional operation and is connected to a central network connection point, so that voltage support can be achieved by providing reactive power to the public power grid.
  • MMC modular multilevel converter
  • additional network services are also possible, such as the assumption of network functions.
  • the voltage source converter is designed as an IGBT-based modular multilevel converter, so that, if necessary, electrical power from the central supply line can be fed into the public power grid at the network connection point.
  • VSC voltage source converter
  • an MMC therefore either transfers power from the DC side to the AC side or vice versa, which promotes particularly flexible operation of the electrolysis system.
  • the electrolysis systems are connected in parallel to one another with respect to the central supply line in such a way that an electrolysis system is connected to the central supply line via a respective connection line.
  • the central DC supply network can be flexibly expanded if necessary and expanded to include additional electrolysis systems, possibly by adjusting the feed power of the power supply sources feeding into the DC network with regard to the necessary consumption power of the electrolysis system. lay or the electrolysers.
  • a respective IGBT-based step-down converter is preferably connected to a connecting line, the input voltage of which corresponds to the first DC voltage and the second DC voltage of which can be adapted to a respective operating voltage of the electrolysis system.
  • the buck converter (step-down converter) converts the input voltage from the first DC voltage on the central DC supply line into a second DC voltage, a lower output voltage. It is also called low setting steeper.
  • a connecting line advantageously forms a DC strand or a DC branch from the central supply line for one or more electrolysis systems or electrolyzers that can be operated with direct current in the relevant connecting line.
  • DC branch lines can therefore advantageously be connected to any number of electrolysis systems of any size using controllable IGBT-based DC/DC converters, in particular so-called step-down converters or step-down converters, which expand the electrolysis system accordingly.
  • the step-down converter is designed to be modular in a connecting line, with a step-down converter having at least two DC/DC step-down converters connected in parallel, the input voltage of which corresponds to the first DC voltage.
  • the at least two parallel-connected DC/DC step-down converters of the modular step-down converter are preferably electrically connected to one another on the output side and are each designed to regulate the second DC voltage.
  • the IGBT-based and modular supply topology allows power control as well as operational error or failure tolerance, so that individual modules of the electrolysis system can continue to operate in the event of a fault. This increases operational safety and cost-effectiveness.
  • Another advantage is that the DC/DC converters connected in parallel can be operated in an “interleaved” operating mode, which on the one hand increases the DC power quality, which improves the efficiency of the electrolytic cells and the design of passive elements, such as inductors , simplified.
  • IGBT-based DC/DC converters in a connection line allows individual power control of the individual electrolysis strands in the connection lines without a significant influence on the network repercussions.
  • a cost reduction can also be achieved through a modular structure of the DC/DC converters.
  • the modular approach allows Set a possibly reduced continued operation of the electrolysis system in the event of individual semiconductor errors. In currently selected solutions with thyristors, a semiconductor error leads to a total failure of the rectifier train or the associated module series of the electrolysis systems, which only has to be remedied through a complex repair, so that downtimes have to be taken into account.
  • the electrolysis system includes several bridging switches, whereby the IGBT-based down converter can be bridged by one switch in each connection line if necessary.
  • the first DC voltage drops completely across the electrolysis system connected to the bridged step-down converter.
  • the second DC voltage corresponds to the first DC voltage.
  • the input voltage of the step-down converter can be replaced by bridging the step-down converter, so that the losses that occur during such operation of the step-down converter could be avoided.
  • the switches can be controlled, for example, by a computing device of the circuit arrangement, the computing device also being designed in particular to control and/or regulate the step-down converters.
  • the proposed electrical supply topology in an electrolysis system offers an increase in flexibility in a wide variety of areas compared to the known approaches.
  • the use of an IGBT-based modular multilevel converter (MMC) at the central grid connection point enables the offering of additional network services for the public power grid.
  • Renewable energy systems such as a wind turbine or photovoltaic system, can also feed the electrical energy they generate directly into the central supply line designed as a DC bus, and the electrolysis systems in the respective connection lines can be individually controlled from one another.
  • a modular step-down converter is therefore preferably connected to an electrolysis system with a plurality of electrolysis modules connected electrically in series.
  • the step-down converter is therefore designed as a controllable step-down converter, so that the supply of the electrolysis system with electrolysis current can be adapted to a possibly fluctuating feed power of the power supply source into the central supply line.
  • the controllability of the step-down converter it is possible to supply the electrolysis system with direct electrolysis current in a connecting line in a flexible manner that can be adjusted with regard to the electrolysis output.
  • the step-down converter operates continuously or intermittently depends on the inductance, switching frequency, input voltage, output voltage and the flowing output current. Since these parameters can sometimes change quickly, the transition between the two operating modes must generally be taken into account (e.g. prevented) when designing the circuit, especially a controller.
  • the two operating modes differ in terms of the control characteristic, i.e. the dependence of the output voltage on the duty cycle, as well as in terms of the interference radiation.
  • the step-down converter is preferably designed as a controllable step-down converter with regulation of the output voltage via the method of pulse width modulation in non-intermittent operation. In this way, continuous operation of the step-down converter is achieved and the electrolysis current supplied to an electrolysis system in the respective connection line can be regulated.
  • the power supply source has a wind turbine as a power generator, to which a rectifier with a DC voltage output is connected, the DC voltage output being designed for the first DC voltage.
  • a connection or direct current connection and supply of the electrolysis systems via a wind turbine or a wind farm is achieved in the electrolysis system via the central DC supply line, whereby island grid operation is advantageously possible.
  • the electrolysis system is operated in an island network, there is no connection to the public power network or connection activation, so the network connection at the network connection point can be interrupted if necessary, i.e. the central modular system. Multilevel inverters, go out of service or even disappear.
  • bidirectional operation is possible at any time, so that feeding into the public power grid is also possible.
  • the renewable energy system already supplies direct current at a suitable voltage level, so that in these cases no further rectifier is required to feed in renewable electricity.
  • the power supply source has a photovoltaic system as a power generator, the DC voltage output of which is designed for the first DC voltage, the DC voltage output being connected to the central supply line.
  • step-up converters so-called step-up converters, are connected downstream of the PV generator to set the specified DC voltage level at the DC voltage output. This will be necessary if the DC output of the photovoltaic system itself does not provide a sufficiently high level of DC voltage to feed into the central supply line.
  • an advantageous connection or connection and supply of an electrolysis system with electricity obtained from a photovoltaic system is achieved in the electrolysis system via the central DC network on the central supply line.
  • island grid operation based on photovoltaics is also possible.
  • an island network operates independently of the public power grid, which enables particularly high design flexibility and self-sufficient application options away from the public power grid if required or in addition to a grid connection , which is for a bidirectional Operation via the modular multilevel converter is still possible in the electrolysis system.
  • a step-up converter DC/DC converter
  • a step-up converter must be provided on the PV side to increase the voltage of the PV generator as required in order to precisely feed direct current into the central supply line at a predetermined first DC voltage to effect.
  • the central supply line is preferably designed for operation with a first direct voltage in the medium voltage range of 20 kV, in particular between 1.5 kV to 30 kV.
  • a first direct voltage in the medium voltage range of 20 kV, in particular between 1.5 kV to 30 kV.
  • An adjustment to the operating voltage of the electrolysis systems in the electrolysis system must be carried out during the design. Designs for higher operating voltages from 1OkV to 30kV are flexibly possible if required.
  • the DC voltage level at the DC output of the voltage source converter (VSC), in particular the modular multilevel converter can be flexibly adapted to the respective requirements in the electrolysis system and the transmission path, with a high output voltage preferably being selected as the predetermined first DC voltage which is preferably greater than at least 1.5 kV.
  • VSC voltage source converter
  • the nominal voltages of the network levels used in energy transmission can also be used, or these values can serve as reference points for the DC voltage level of the first DC voltage.
  • the central supply line acts very advantageously as a central DC BUS line, through which direct bar a high-voltage-based direct current supply to the electrolysis systems in the electrolysis system is made possible.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electrolysis system with an electrolysis system and a wind turbine
  • FIG. 2 shows an electrolysis system with an electrolysis system and a photovoltaic system
  • FIG. 3 shows the DC bus supply topology with the central supply line for direct current and with electrolysis systems connected to it;
  • FIG. 4 shows a section of the supply topology corresponding to FIG. 1 with a modular step-down converter comprising several DC/DC converters;
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic block diagram of the supply topology of an electrolysis system with a central modular multilevel converter (MMC) at the grid connection point.
  • MMC modular multilevel converter
  • 6 shows a supply topology of an electrolysis system corresponding to FIG. 5 with a bridging device.
  • the electrolysis system 100 includes an electrolysis unit 1 with two electrolysis systems 1A, 1B and a power supply source 3 connected to the electrolysis unit 1.
  • the power supply source 3 has a wind turbine 19 as a power generator, which acts as a renewable energy system (RE system) and a source for green Electricity is used.
  • the electrolysis system 100 is supplied with electrolysis current via a central supply line 5 to which direct voltage is applied, and therefore a central DC-BUS line is formed by the central supply line 5, by means of which direct current for the electrolysis process can be supplied directly to the electrolysis unit 1.
  • Each of the electrolysis systems 1A, 1B of the electrolysis system 100 is connected to a supply connection 23A, 23B to the central supply line 5 via a respective connection line 9A, 9B, so that a parallel connection of the electrolysis systems 1A, 1B is realized.
  • the electrolysis system 1A has at least one electrolyzer 15A and the electrolysis system 1B has at least one electrolyzer 15B.
  • the electrolyzers 15A, 15B can optionally be designed as a PEM electrolyzer, as an AEM electrolyzer (AEM: Anion Exchange Membrane) or as an alkaline electrolyzer, although combinations are also possible.
  • the DC voltage level at the DC voltage output 7 of the rectifier 13A can be flexibly adapted to the respective requirements in the electrolysis system 100, with a high output voltage at a medium voltage level being preferably selected as the predetermined first DC voltage 31, which is at least greater than 1.5 kV. Typically, a medium voltage level of 20 kV is set for the first direct voltage 31.
  • the nominal voltages of the network levels used in energy transmission can also be used, or these values can be used as indications for this DC voltage level serve.
  • the central supply line 5 acts very advantageously as a central DC BUS line, through which a high-voltage-based direct current supply is directly provided to the connected Electrolysis systems 1A, IB in an electrolysis system 100 is possible.
  • a step-down converter 11A is connected to the connection line 9A and a step-down converter 11B is connected to the connection line 9B.
  • the step-down converters 11A, 11B also called step-down converters, are based on IGBT technology, ie on transistor technology in contrast to the previously used thyristor technology, so that individual power control of the individual electrolysis strands in the connecting lines 9A, 9B is provided.
  • the input of the step-down converter 11A is connected to the supply connection 23A and, analogously, the input of the step-down converter 11B is connected to the central supply line 5 via the supply connection 23B.
  • the step-down converters 11A, 11B are each connected to the electrolyzer 15A, 15B in the connecting line 9A, 9B, so that for the electrolysis in the electrolyzers 15A, 15B a respective direct current at an adjustable voltage level of a second direct voltage 33A, 33B for the operating voltage is provided.
  • a medium-voltage direct current network is provided on the central supply line 5 as a central DC network at the first direct voltage 31 and is used to supply the electrolysis systems 1A, 1B connected to the central supply line 5 in a parallel connection with electrolysis current.
  • a direct current can be provided and direct current electrical power can be fed into the central supply line 5.
  • the electrolysis system 100 can be designed or expanded particularly flexibly, for example by connecting further electrolysis systems 1A, 1B, comprising further electrolysers 15A, 15B, via a connection line 9A, 9B.
  • grid-independent island grid operation is possible with the electrolysis system 100, provided that no electricity is drawn from the public power grid 25.
  • a purchase of electrical power and a connection to the public power grid 25 is provided at a central grid connection point 25.
  • the step-down converters 11A, 11B connected to the connection line 9A, 9B are implemented as DC/DC converters (step-down converters) and are each designed such that their input voltage corresponds to the predetermined first DC voltage 31 in the central DC network on the central supply line 5 and its respective output voltage is adapted or set to a respective second direct voltage 33A, 33B as the respective operating voltage of the connected electrolysis system 1A, 1B.
  • the step-down converters 11A, 11B are designed as adjustable step-down converters, so that the supply of the electrolysis system 1A, 1B with electrolysis current can be adapted and tracked to a fluctuating feed power from the power supply source 3 into the central supply line 5.
  • the step-down converters 11A, 11B can be designed, for example, as adjustable step-down converters with regulation of the output voltage via the method of pulse width modulation in non-intermittent operation, which enables continuous operation with particular performance.
  • the step-down converters 11A, 11B are IGBT-based, so that individual power control is achieved in the electrolysis system 1A, 1B. Due to the IGBT-based design of the step-down converters 11A, 11B, the influence of network feedback from the public power grid 25 is limited and the greatest possible decoupling is achieved, so that stable operation is possible.
  • an electrolysis system 1A, 1B in the electrolysis system 100 shown in FIG. 1, it is also possible for an electrolysis system 1A, 1B to be arranged, for example, at the foot of the tower of a respective wind turbine 19, and to be connected there directly to the central supply line 5. This is advantageous, for example, for on-shore applications and installations of wind turbines 19 in remote areas and for island grid operation.
  • a wind turbine 19 here also means a wind farm or one Wind farm - on-shore or off-shore, with a variety of wind turbines 19.
  • a connection to the public power grid 25 is additionally set up on the side of the power supply source 3 in the electrolysis system 100.
  • a separate supply connection 23C is provided in the central supply line 5.
  • the connection to the public power grid 25 takes place via a connection transformer 27 at the grid connection point 35 and a downstream central modular multilevel converter 13, which has a DC voltage output 7.
  • the central modular multilevel converter 13 is based on IGBT technology and has a corresponding number of IGBT's as power components.
  • the modular multilevel converter (13) is a possible and preferred specific embodiment of a voltage source converter (VSC). In principle, other VSC-based converters can therefore also be used at the network connection point 35 to feed power from the public power grid 25 into the central supply line 5.
  • VSC voltage source converter
  • the modular multilevel converter 13 is designed and flexibly adjustable in such a way that the first DC voltage 31 is delivered to its DC voltage output 7 and fed into the central supply line 5.
  • Corresponding voltage levels for the first direct voltage result, for example, from medium voltage levels of 3 kV, 6 kV, 10 kV, 15 kV, 20 kV, 30 kV, or high voltage levels of 60 kV or 110 kV.
  • the voltage level can be flexibly adjusted and changed.
  • the modular multilevel converter 13 enables bidirectional operation when using the supply connection 23C as a network connection, so that, if necessary, direct current can be fed in from the public power grid 25 into the central supply line 5 as well as direct current can be fed out from the DC network the central supply line 5 at the first direct voltage 31 is possible. If necessary, electricity from the public power grid 25 can therefore also be fed into the central supply line 5 in a voltage-adjusted manner at the supply connection 23C and made available for use for electrolysis purposes in the electrolysis system 1.
  • the advantage here is that by providing a connection to the public power grid 25, for example, replacement needs can be covered, for example when the wind turbine 19 does not produce electricity or only produces it to a very limited extent due to maintenance, or during phases of a dark lull, so this is a backup solution is kept in order to ensure the most continuous supply and consistent operation of the electrolysis systems 1A, 1B for hydrogen production. If necessary, one or more electrolysis systems 15A, 15B can be operated at partial load or taken off the DC network even if there is an undersupply of DC electrical power on the central supply line 5.
  • an adapted partial load operation is achieved in the respective connecting line 9A, 9B by the controllable step-down converters 11A, 11B, by means of which the direct current power is transferred via the respective second DC voltage 33A, 33B at the output of the step-down converter 11A, 11B each can be adjusted.
  • replacement requirements are generally not possible due to the lack of an available connection option to a public network 29.
  • a specially set-up and planned "redundancy" or provision of a system reserve in the island network can be achieved in the feeding wind turbine 19 or a photovoltaic system 21 (see FIG.
  • an IGBT-based rectifier at the grid connection point 35, there is only low harmonic emission. Additional filtering is not required at all or at best to a significantly lesser extent than with comparable thyristor-based systems.
  • the reactive power requirement of this connection and supply topology can be flexibly adjusted. As a result, very little or no reactive power compensation is required.
  • IGBT-based modular multilevel converter 13 Due to the individually adjustable reactive power requirement of the IGBT-based modular multilevel converter 13 as a central rectifier system, in addition to the control power, it can also contribute to the voltage support of the public power grid 25 network. In island networks, e.g. local renewable energy networks, these IGBT-based modular multilevel converters 13 can also have a network-forming effect.
  • an alternative power supply source 3 for supplying the electrolysis unit 1 with direct current is shown in FIG.
  • the power supply source 3 has a photovoltaic system 21, with a large number of PV modules, not shown in detail.
  • the photovoltaic system 21 can, for example, be designed as a large-scale and powerful open-field system - preferably in sunny regions - so that PV outputs of 10 MW of electrical power and beyond are available for electrolysis.
  • the electrolysis system 1A is electrically connected to the supply connection 23A and correspondingly the electrolysis system 1B to the supply connection 23B via a respective connection line 9A, 9B, into which respective IGBT-based step-down converters 11A, 11B are connected.
  • the power supply source 3 has a photovoltaic system 21 as a power generator, a so-called PV generator. This already supplies a direct voltage at the generator output, which is already designed for the predetermined first direct voltage 31, in which case the direct voltage output 7 is formed by the PV generator output and is connected directly to the central supply line 5.
  • the magnitude of the output voltage is always greater than the magnitude of the input voltage, so that the first DC voltage 31 of the desired DC voltage level specified for a feed is provided at the DC voltage output 7 with the outward converter 17.
  • a higher voltage reduces the material requirement and thus the costs of the cables after they have been fed in by the power supply source 3.
  • the step-up converter 17 is designed for the voltage level and delivers the first DC voltage 31 at the output.
  • the step-up converter 17 is designed to be controllable, so that a flexible adjustment of the output voltage supplied is possible.
  • the power of the photovoltaic system 21 is coupled and fed into the central supply line 5 directly at the DC voltage output 7 of the step-up converter 17.
  • the electrolysis systems 1A, 1B - as described in more detail above - via a respective connection line 9A, 9B connected to the central supply line 5.
  • the respective step-down converters 11A, 11B also achieve a decoupling of the regulation of the electrolysis current requirements in the connecting lines 9A, 9B and thus an individual mode of operation of these DC connecting strings, which is particularly important for partial load requirements.
  • Feeding mains power from the public power grid 23 into the central supply line 5 is also possible in the PV application and is carried out in an analogous configuration as described in FIG. 1, with a central modular multilevel converter 13 at the grid connection point.
  • the basic concept of supplying and coupling several electrolysis systems 1, 1A, 1B by means of a central DC bus supply line 5 is shown schematically and simplified in FIG. A three-phase AC connection is made at the grid connection point 35.
  • a central IGBT-based modular multilevel converter 13 with the AC input is connected to the network connection point 25, to the DC output 7 of which the central supply line 5 is connected as a DC bus and goes out.
  • the modular multilevel converter 13 supplies the first direct voltage 31 as the output voltage, for example a medium voltage at 20 kV.
  • the electrolysis unit 1 has several electrolysis systems 1A, IB, IC, which in turn have a plurality of electrolysis modules 29A, 29B, 29C, 29D, 29E connected electrically in series. Each electrolysis system 1A, IB, IC is connected to the central supply line 5 via a respective connection line 9A, 9B, 9C.
  • a step-down converter 11A, 11B, 11C which is based on IGBT technology, is connected to the connecting lines 9A, 9B, 9C.
  • the level of the second direct voltage 33A, 33B, 33C can therefore be controlled or regulated. Bidirectional operation is achieved by the modular multilevel converter 13 based on IGBT, so that excess power on the central supply line 5 can be fed into the public power grid 25 via the grid connection point 35.
  • FIG. 3 Not shown in more detail in FIG. 3 is a possibility of feeding direct current from a renewable energy system (RE system) into the central supply line 5.
  • RE system renewable energy system
  • a regulated direct current supply of the supplied electrolysis system 1A, IB, IC with the electrolysis modules 29A - 29E is achieved in a respective connection line 9A, 9B, 9C, with two DC voltage levels being taken into account.
  • the electrolysis power in a connection line 9A, 9B, 9C can be adjusted as required by the regulated direct current power via the respective regulation of the second direct voltage 33A, 33B, 33C.
  • partial load operation can be achieved in an electrolysis system 1A, IB, IC, for example if the supply of electrical power on the central DC supply line 5 decreases or if hydrogen production is to be temporarily reduced.
  • electrolysis modules 29A - 29E of an electrolysis system 1A, IB, IC can be bridged individually and in modules by a bridging circuit - not shown in detail in FIG. 3 - with a switchable bridging line and with a controllable electrical switch and thereby, if necessary or optionally, one or more of the electrolysis modules 29A - 29E of an electrolysis system 1A, IB, IC can be taken out of operation, for example for maintenance purposes or to bring about a required partial full-time operation of the respective electrolysis system 1A, IB, IC or also selected electrolysis modules 29A - 29E, e.g. according to the degree of aging or an upcoming maintenance interval.
  • FIG. 3 the supply topology according to FIG. 3 is shown with a modular step-down converter 11, which is constructed from several parallel-connected DC/DC converters 11A, 11B, 11C and supplies an electrolysis system 11A.
  • a modular step-down converter 11 which is constructed from several parallel-connected DC/DC converters 11A, 11B, 11C and supplies an electrolysis system 11A.
  • Two DC voltage lines with corresponding positive and negative polarity are provided for the central supply line 5, to which the DC/DC converters 11A, 11B, 11C are connected with their DC voltage input, each with the correct polarity, as modules of the one step-down converter 11.
  • This parallel connection forms a connecting line 9A for supplying the electrolysis system 1A.
  • the electrolysis system 1A includes an electrolyzer 15A, which has several electrolysis modules 29A - 29E.
  • IGBT-based DC/DC converters 11A, 11B, 11C allows individual power control of the electrolysis system 1A, which is connected via a connection line 9A, without a significant influence on the network repercussions. Due to the modular structure of the step-down converter 11 comprising several DC/DC converters 11A, 11B, 11C, greater system flexibility can be achieved with a reasonable cost reduction and redundancy for reliable operation. The modular structure of the step-down converter 11 enables at least reduced continued operation of the electrolysis systems 1A in the event of individual semiconductor errors in the components, which is advantageous compared to known concepts in which semiconductor errors lead to a failure of the rectifier train or the associated electrolyzer 15A, which can be repaired Plant downtime would have to be remedied.
  • the DC/DC converters 11A, 11B, 11C each include a transistor 37 designed as an IGBT, a storage inductor 39 and a diode 41, as illustrated in the exploded view of FIG.
  • the transistors 37 and the storage chokes 39 are each arranged in series with the electrolyzer 15A, which is to be supplied via a step-down converter 11.
  • the diodes 41 are each connected in parallel to the respective electrolyzer 15A.
  • the level of the second direct voltage 33, which is provided by the step-down converter 11 and drops across the electrolyzer 11A, can be regulated via the transistor 37.
  • the transistors 37 can, for example, be connected to a computing device 43, not shown in detail in FIG.
  • electrolysis modules 29A-29E of the electrolysis system 1A or the electrolyzer 15A can be bridged by a bridging circuit, which is not shown in more detail here in FIG.
  • the bridging circuit can be equipped with a switchable bridging line and a controllable electrical switch, so that bridging can be achieved individually and on a module-by-module basis.
  • one or more of the electrolysis modules 29A - 29E of the electrolysis system 1A can be taken out of operation. This is very advantageous, for example for maintenance purposes or to bring about the required partial full-time operation of the respective electrolysis system 1A or selected electrolysis modules 29A - 29E, for example according to the degree of aging or an upcoming maintenance interval.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic and highly simplified representation of a section of an electrolysis system 100. Only a particularly advantageous circuit and bridging concept in the electrolysis system 100 will be shown.
  • a circuit for the direct current supply of several electrolyzers 15A, 15B electrically connected in parallel to one another is provided, the electrolyzers 15A, 15B each being connected in parallel via an IGBT-based step-down converter 11A, 11B to the output of a central modular multilevel converter 13, which acts as a rectifier works.
  • the modular multilevel inverter 13 converts an input-side alternating voltage from the public power grid 25 into a first direct voltage 31 and is IGBT-based.
  • This first DC voltage 31 drops via the parallel connection branches 45A, 45B defined by the connection lines 9A, 9B, each comprising one of the electrolyzers 15A, 15B and one of the step-down converters 11A, 11B.
  • the first DC voltage 31 is converted by the step-down converter 11A into the second DC voltage 33A, which drops across the electrolyzer 15A. Accordingly, the first DC voltage 31 is also converted by the second step-down converter 11B into the second DC voltage 33B, which drops across the electrolyzer 11B.
  • the supply topology shown in the electrolysis system 100 can of course also be used to supply DC voltage to other electrolysers, which are also connected in parallel to the output of the central modular multilevel converter 13 via a step-down converter as a further branch. corresponding approximately to FIG. 3.
  • the step-down converters 11A, 11B can be controlled and/or regulated to adapt a level of the second direct voltage 33A or 33B.
  • the modular multilevel converter 13 can also be controllable and/or adjustable to adjust a level of the first direct voltage 31.
  • direct current power can be fed into the central supply line 5 at a predetermined first direct voltage 31.
  • both the modular multilevel converter 13 and the step-down converters 11A, 11B as well as any additional step-down converters of further connection branches can be controlled or regulated.
  • the supply topology of the electrolysis system 100 can, for example, include a computing device 43, via which the modular multilevel converter 13 and/or the step-down converters 11A, 11B can be controlled or regulated.
  • the computing device 43 can be connected to one or more measuring devices - not shown in detail here - via which, for example, a quantity of substance generated by one of the electrolyzers 15A, 15B, a respective resistance of one or more of the electrolyzers 15A, 15B and / or a respective current flow can be determined by one or more of the electrolysers 15A, 15B.
  • the control and/or regulation of the modular multilevel converter 13 to adjust the level of the first DC voltage 31 or a control or regulation of the step-down converters 11A, 11B to adjust the level of the second DC voltages 33A, 33B can, for example, depending on the specific amount of substance and/or depending on the respective resistance or possibly other influencing variables of the electrolyzers 11A, 11B and/or the respective current flow through the electrolyzers 11A, 11B. External factors include, for example, the current electricity price and the availability of generating electricity from renewable energy. This also applies to other electrolysers and further step-down converters, which can be present in addition to the connection branches 45A, 45B.
  • the step-down converters 11A, 11B and any additional step-down converters that may be present are part of the supply topology of the electrolysis system 100, to which the electrolyzers 11A, 11B and any additional electrolyzers that may be present can be connected.
  • FIG. 6 shows a supply topology of an electrolysis system 100 corresponding to FIG. 5 with a bridging device.
  • a bridging device in accordance with the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 11B can be bridged.
  • the first DC voltage 31 generated by the modular multilevel converter 13 drops directly across the electrolyzer 11A or 11B, namely by bridging the respective step-down converter 11A, 11B.
  • the corresponding electrolyzers 15A, 11A are therefore supplied, if necessary and optionally, directly from an intermediate circuit of the first DC voltage 31 via the respective connecting line 9A, 9B.
  • the bridging switch 47A is activated, ie the corresponding switch for the bridging path is closed and the step-down converter 11A is bridged.
  • the bypass switch 47B is not activated.
  • the switching element of the bridging switch 47B is here switched in a switching state for energizing the step-down converter 11B.
  • a bridging device with a number of controllable bridging switches 47A, 47B is provided in the electrolysis system 100 and a particularly advantageous and energy-efficient load control of the electrolysis systems 1A, 1B connected to the central DC supply line is made possible.
  • an electrolysis unit 1 includes, in addition to the supply topology described, all electrolyzers connected to it. These can, for example, each comprise at least one proton exchange membrane, the proton exchange membrane being designed in particular to produce hydrogen through the electrolysis of deionized and/or distilled water. However, it is also possible for electrolyzers based on alkaline electrolysis or anion exchange membrane electrolysis to be used.
  • MMC converter modular multilevel converter 13
  • the use of a modular multilevel converter 13 enables central direct current supply and direct current transmission in the electrolysis system 100, namely bidirectionally.
  • the actual transmission task can be carried out additional network services are offered.
  • the application in combination with electrolysis systems in an electrolysis system 100 with a central supply line 5 designed as a DC bus according to the present invention is particularly advantageous.
  • the use of parallel modular high-current DC/DC converters for the second direct voltage 22 in the electrolysis system 100 is of great advantage for an industrial application in combination with an electrolysis system 11A, 11B. This makes it possible to link electrolysis systems 11A, 11B in a large hydrogen production system via a DC bus.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système d'électrolyse (100), comprenant au moins deux installations d'électrolyse (1A, 1B), une source d'alimentation électrique (3) ayant une sortie de tension continue (7), et une ligne d'alimentation centrale (5), la ligne d'alimentation centrale (5) étant connectée à la sortie de tension continue (7) de la source d'alimentation électrique (3) de telle sorte que, à une première tension continue (31), un courant continu puisse être introduit dans la ligne d'alimentation centrale (5). Les installations d'électrolyse (1A, 1B) sont connectées électriquement en parallèle à la ligne d'alimentation centrale (5). Pour l'alimentation en tension continue du réseau électrique public (25) à un point de connexion de réseau (35), un convertisseur de source de tension central (13), en particulier un onduleur multiniveau modulaire (13), est connecté, qui convertit une tension alternative côté entrée en la première tension continue côté sortie (31) au niveau de la sortie de tension continue (7). Chaque installation d'électrolyse (1A, 1B) est respectivement reliée par l'intermédiaire d'un convertisseur CC/CC (11A, 11B), qui convertit la première tension continue (31) en une seconde tension continue (33, 33A, 33B), parallèle à la sortie de tension continue (7) du convertisseur de source de tension (13) de telle sorte que la seconde tension continue (33, 33A, 33B) à travers l'installation d'électrolyse (1A, 1B) chute, chacun des convertisseurs CC/CC (11A, 11B) pouvant être commandé et/ou régulé pour adapter un niveau de sa seconde tension continue (101, 102).
EP23745169.5A 2022-08-09 2023-07-21 Système d'électrolyse Pending EP4540021A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022208258.3A DE102022208258A1 (de) 2022-08-09 2022-08-09 Elektrolysesystem
PCT/EP2023/070342 WO2024033060A1 (fr) 2022-08-09 2023-07-21 Système d'électrolyse

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4540021A1 true EP4540021A1 (fr) 2025-04-23

Family

ID=87468488

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23745169.5A Pending EP4540021A1 (fr) 2022-08-09 2023-07-21 Système d'électrolyse

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20260009145A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4540021A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN119698339A (fr)
DE (1) DE102022208258A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2024033060A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4636969A1 (fr) * 2024-04-18 2025-10-22 GE Energy Power Conversion Technology Limited Procédé pour fournir une capacité de traversée de sous-tension (lvrt) pour une usine d'électrolyseur
DE102024209041A1 (de) * 2024-09-20 2026-03-26 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Modul für Elektroanalyseanlage mit verbesserter Stromführung
EP4723419A1 (fr) * 2024-10-04 2026-04-08 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Commande d'une installation d'électrolyse comportant au moins deux dispositifs d'électrolyse
EP4722417A1 (fr) * 2024-10-04 2026-04-08 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Agencement d'alimentation électrique pour électrolyseur et installation d'électrolyse
WO2026073760A1 (fr) * 2024-10-04 2026-04-09 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Commande d'une installation d'électrolyse ayant au moins deux dispositifs d'électrolyse
CN120497858B (zh) * 2025-05-20 2026-02-03 武汉立扬能源技术有限公司 一种多模态离网制氢系统的功率频域分配控制方法及系统

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2019141850A (ja) 2018-02-15 2019-08-29 川崎重工業株式会社 摩擦攪拌点接合装置及びその運転方法
EP3556905A1 (fr) 2018-04-19 2019-10-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ensemble circuit, procédé de fonctionnement d'un ensemble circuit et dispositif d'électrolyse
WO2019246433A1 (fr) 2018-06-20 2019-12-26 Aquahydrex, Inc. Système de distribution de puissance à courant continu à étages multiples
CN109904870A (zh) * 2019-03-28 2019-06-18 安徽铜冠铜箔有限公司 一种削峰填谷电源系统及其控制方法
CN112217193B (zh) 2019-07-12 2023-05-30 阳光电源股份有限公司 光伏制氢电站和直流耦合光伏离网制氢系统及其控制方法
CN112290579B (zh) * 2019-07-12 2023-04-07 阳光电源股份有限公司 一种直流耦合离网制氢系统及其控制方法
KR20220115862A (ko) * 2019-12-13 2022-08-19 린데 게엠베하 전기분해용 시스템을 동작시키기 위한 방법, 및 전기분해용 시스템
US20230115752A1 (en) 2020-03-24 2023-04-13 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Supply unit for a high-power load and arrangement including the supply unit
DE102020112880A1 (de) * 2020-05-12 2021-11-18 Sma Solar Technology Ag Verfahren zum betrieb eines elektrolyseurs, verbindungsschaltung, gleichrichter und elektrolyseanlage zur durchführung des verfahrens
FR3102898B3 (fr) 2020-06-11 2021-10-15 Lair Liquide Sa Pour L’Etude Et Lexploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Services de conversion d'énergie pour électrolyse de grande puissance et pour réseaux industriels
CN114481179B (zh) 2021-12-25 2024-09-20 智寰(北京)氢能科技有限公司 中压直流汇集型可再生能源发电制氢系统及其工作方法
CN114507864A (zh) 2021-12-27 2022-05-17 清华大学 一种基于直流供能系统的电解水制氢系统及方法
CN114337322A (zh) 2022-01-04 2022-04-12 阳光氢能科技有限公司 一种制氢电源系统
CN114552659B (zh) 2022-03-31 2025-10-28 东北大学 含电氢储能的多能量综合管理型能量路由器及控制方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20260009145A1 (en) 2026-01-08
WO2024033060A1 (fr) 2024-02-15
CN119698339A (zh) 2025-03-25
DE102022208258A1 (de) 2024-02-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP4540021A1 (fr) Système d'électrolyse
EP3022835B1 (fr) Onduleur comprenant au moins deux entrées de courant continu, installation photovoltaïque comprenant un tel onduleur et procédé de commande d'un onduleur
DE102021125875B4 (de) Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Elektrolyseurs und einer Brennstoffzelle über einen gemeinsamen Wandler, Vorrichtung und Elektrolyseanlage
DE102022204924A1 (de) Elektrolyseanlage, Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Elektrolyseanlage und Anlagenverbund umfassend eine Elektrolyseanlage und eine Windenergieanlage
WO2011120679A2 (fr) Convertisseur direct sans transformateur
EP3358693A1 (fr) Installation photovoltaïque avec génération de puissance réactive en fonction de la tension de réseau
EP4094352A1 (fr) Unité d'alimentation pour charge de puissance élevée et agencement comprenant l'unité d'alimentation
DE102014014091B4 (de) Verfahren und Anordnung zum Betreiben eines Elektrolyseurs, Elektrolyseanlage und Methanisierungsanlage
DE102011000459A1 (de) Verfahren zur Lieferung von Blindstrom mit einem Umrichter sowie Umrichteranordnung und Energieversorgungsanlage
EP4511936A1 (fr) Combinaison de systèmes comprenant au moins deux systèmes d'électrolyse et une source d'alimentation électrique
EP4483468A1 (fr) Installation d'électrolyse et réseau d'installations comprenant une installation d'électrolyse et une installation d'énergie renouvelable
EP2856625B1 (fr) Alimentation en tension pour un onduleur
EP3449554B1 (fr) Onduleur et procédé pour générer un courant alternatif
DE10225020A1 (de) Schaltungsanordnung, Verfahren zur Wechselstromerzeugung
EP4309277B1 (fr) Procédé de fonctionnement d'un régulateur de courant continu destinés à l'alimentation d'un dispositif d'électrolyse en énergie électrique de fonctionnement et convertisseur de tension dc/dc
EP4643450A1 (fr) Agencement de circuit, procédé de fonctionnement d'un agencement de circuit et système d'électrolyse
EP2911286A1 (fr) Dispositif d'injection d'énergie électrique éolienne dans un réseau électrique
DE102020134772A1 (de) Verfahren zum betreiben einer energieversorgungs-anlage, anlagenregler für eine energieversorgungs-anlage sowie energieversorgungs-anlage
DE102011001284A1 (de) Schaltungsanordnung für einen Speicher
EP3331118A1 (fr) Installation de transfert d'énergie électrique
EP4519950A1 (fr) Installation d'électrolyse et réseau d'installations comprenant une installation d'électrolyse et une installation d'énergie renouvelable
WO2014184254A1 (fr) Circuit convertisseur
EP4220927A1 (fr) Dispositif et procédé d'alimentation d'une charge à courant continu
WO2025026653A1 (fr) Commande d'une installation d'électrolyse pour produire de l'hydrogène et de l'oxygène par électrolyse de l'eau
WO2025093148A1 (fr) Dispositif d'alimentation électrique pour électrolyseur

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20250120

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC ME MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

DAV Request for validation of the european patent (deleted)
DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)