Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L47/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/16—Ethylene-propylene or ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
  • B60C1/0016—Compositions of the tread
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
  • B60C11/0008—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts characterised by the tread rubber
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
  • B60C2001/0091—Compositions of non-inflatable or solid tyres
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
  • B60C11/0008—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts characterised by the tread rubber
  • B60C2011/0016—Physical properties or dimensions
  • B60C2011/0025—Modulus or tan delta
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
  • C08F210/02—Ethene

Definitions

• Rubber composition comprising a highly saturated diene elastomer
• the field of the present invention is that of rubber compositions based on highly saturated diene elastomer intended to be used in a tire, in particular in its tread.
• the Applicant has found a rubber composition which makes it possible to meet this need in the field of application of highly saturated diene elastomers to rubber compositions for the tire, and in particular for the tread.
• the Applicant has found a rubber composition which combines the use of a highly saturated diene elastomer with the use of a high Tg resin, and which gives the tire, against all expectations, good resistance properties. rolling resistance and a compromise of rolling resistance/grip properties on offset wet ground, in particular with improved wet grip properties compared to the combined use of an SBR type diene elastomer and the same resin high Tg-
• a first object of the invention is a rubber composition based on at least
• Another object of the invention is a pneumatic or non-pneumatic tire which comprises a rubber composition according to the invention, preferably in its tread.
• Rubber composition based on at least
• plasticizing system comprising a high Tg (glass transition temperature) hydrocarbon resin, optionally hydrogenated, having
• Tg between 50°C and 120°C, the Tg being measured according to the standardized method described below,
• Mn number average molar mass
• Rubber composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments in which the ethylene units represent at least 65% by mole of the monomer units of the highly saturated diene copolymer, preferably from 65% to 90% by mole of the monomer units of the copolymer .
• 1,3-diene is 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, myrcene or P-famesene, or a mixture of myrcene and - famesene, preferably 1,3-butadiene.
• Rubber composition according to any of the preceding embodiments in which the copolymer is random. 7. Rubber composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, in which the level of the highly saturated diene elastomer in the rubber composition varies in a range ranging from 60 to 100 phr, preferably from 80 to 100 phr and from very preferential way from 90 to 100 pce. 8. Composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments in which the level of high Tg hydrocarbon resin is included in a range ranging from 10 to 120 phr, preferably from 20 to 110 phr and even more preferably from 20 to 80 phr.
• composition according to any of the preceding embodiments in which the high Tg hydrocarbon resin has a polydispersity index value (IP Mw/Mn) of at most 2.0, preferably at most 1.8. 13. Composition according to any of the preceding embodiments in which the high Tg hydrocarbon resin has an aliphatic proton rate measured by NMR (standardized method) of at least 97%.
• composition according to the previous embodiment in which the resin has an aromatic proton level measured by NMR (standardized method) ranging from 0% to 4%, preferably from 0% to 2%.
• composition according to the previous embodiment in which the total level of plasticizers constituting the plasticizing system is included in a range ranging from 20 to 120 phr, preferably from 20 to 110 phr.
• Pneumatic or non-pneumatic tire according to the previous embodiment comprising a composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 26 in all or part of its tread.
• composition based on is meant a composition comprising the mixture and/or the in situ reaction product of the different constituents used, some of these constituents being able to react and/or being intended to react with each other, at least less partially, during the different phases of manufacturing the composition; the composition can thus be in the totally or partially crosslinked state or in the non-crosslinked state.
• part by weight per hundred parts by weight of elastomer (or pce) is meant for the purposes of the present invention, the part, by mass per hundred parts by mass of elastomer.
• any interval of values designated by the expression "between a and b" represents the range of values going from more than a to less than b (that is to say limits a and b excluded) while any interval of values designated by the expression “from a to b” means the range of values going from a to b (that is to say including the strict limits a and b).
• any interval of values designated by the expression "from a to b” means the range of values going from a to b (that is to say including the strict limits a and b).
• the term “all of the monomer units of the elastomer” or “all of the monomer units of the elastomer” is understood to mean all the repetition units constituting the elastomer which result from the insertion of the monomers. in the elastomer chain by polymerization. Unless otherwise indicated, the contents of a monomer unit or repeat unit in the highly saturated diene elastomer are given in molar percentage calculated on the basis of all the monomer units of the elastomer.
• a majority compound we mean in the sense of the present invention, that this compound is the majority among the compounds of the same type in the composition, that is to say that it is the one which represents the greatest quantity by mass among compounds of the same type.
• a majority elastomer is the elastomer representing the greatest mass in relation to the total mass of the elastomers in the composition.
• a so-called majority charge is that representing the greatest mass among the charges in the composition.
• a “minority” compound is a compound that does not represent the largest mass fraction among compounds of the same type.
• the compounds mentioned in the description may be of fossil or biosourced origin. In the latter case, they can be, partially or totally, derived from biomass or obtained from renewable raw materials derived from biomass. In the same way, the compounds mentioned can also come from the recycling of materials already used, that is to say they can be, partially or totally, from a recycling process, or even obtained from materials raw materials themselves resulting from a recycling process. This concerns in particular polymers, plasticizers, fillers, etc.
• glass transition temperature (Tg) values described herein are measured in a known manner by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) according to standard ASTM D3418 (1999). ).
• elastomeric matrix we mean all of the elastomers in the composition.
• the elastomer matrix mainly comprises at least one highly saturated diene elastomer, namely a copolymer containing ethylene units and 1,3-diene units (hereinafter referred to as "the copolymer").
• the highly saturated diene elastomer useful for the purposes of the invention is a copolymer, preferably statistical.
• the term “statistical copolymer” means a copolymer in which the sequential distribution of the monomer units obeys a known statistical law.
• the highly saturated diene elastomer useful for the purposes of the invention is a copolymer which comprises ethylene units resulting from the polymerization of ethylene.
• ethylene unit refers to the pattern
• the highly saturated diene elastomer is rich in ethylene units, since the ethylene units represent at least 50% by mole of all the monomer units of the elastomer.
• the maximum proportion of ethylene units is fixed by the elastomeric nature of the polymer, this proportion is preferably at most 95% by mole, more preferably at most 90% by mole.
• the highly saturated diene elastomer comprises at least 65 mole% of ethylene unit.
• the ethylene units preferably represent at least 65% by mole of all the monomer units of the highly saturated diene elastomer.
• the highly saturated diene elastomer comprises from 65% to 90 molar% of ethylene units, molar percentage calculated on the basis of all the monomer units of the highly saturated diene elastomer.
• the highly saturated diene elastomer according to the invention being a copolymer of ethylene and a 1,3-diene, it also comprises 1,3-diene units resulting from the polymerization of a 1,3-diene.
• 1,3-diene unit refers to the units resulting from the insertion of 1,3-diene.
• the 1,3-diene units are those for example of a 1,3-diene having 4 to 24 carbon atoms.
• 1,3-diene suitable in particular is butadiene, isoprene, 2,3-di(C1 to C5 alkyl)-1,3-butadiene such as for example 2,3-dimethyl-1,3 -butadiene, 2,3-diethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-ethyl-1,3-butadiene or 2-methyl-3-isopropyl-1,3-butadiene, aryl-
• 1,3-butadiene such as phenyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene.
• the highly saturated diene elastomer is preferably a copolymer of ethylene and a
• 1,3-diene from 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, myrcene, -famesene and a mixture of myrcene and P-famesene.
• the 1,3-diene is 1,3-butadiene or isoprene, more preferably 1,3-butadiene, in which case the highly saturated diene elastomer is a copolymer of ethylene and 1,3- butadiene, preferably statistical.
• the diene elastomer strongly saturated may additionally contain 1,2-cyclohexanediyl units.
• the presence of these cyclic structures in the copolymer results from a very particular insertion of ethylene and 1,3-butadiene during polymerization.
• the content of 1,2-cyclohexanediyl units in the copolymer varies depending on the respective contents of ethylene and 1,3-butadiene in the copolymer.
• the copolymer preferably contains less than 15 mole % of 1,2-cyclohexanediyl unit units.
• the highly saturated diene elastomer useful for the purposes of the invention can be obtained according to different synthesis methods known to those skilled in the art, in particular depending on the targeted microstructure of the highly saturated diene elastomer. Generally, it can be prepared by copolymerization of at least one 1,3-diene, preferably 1,3-butadiene, and ethylene and according to known synthesis methods, in particular in the presence of a catalytic system comprising a metallocene complex.
• catalytic systems based on metallocene complexes, which catalytic systems are described in documents EP 1 092 731, WO 2004035639, WO 2007054223 and WO 2007054224, as well as WO 2020070442, WO 2020070443 and WO 2020074804. in the name of the Applicant.
• the highly saturated diene elastomer including when it is statistical, can also be prepared by a process using a catalytic system of preformed type such as those described in the documents WO 2017093654 Al, WO 2018020122 Al and WO 2018020123 AL Diene elastomer highly saturated is statistical according to one embodiment of the invention.
• the highly saturated diene elastomer useful for the purposes of the invention may consist of a mixture of highly saturated diene elastomers which differ from each other by their microstructures or by their macrostructures.
• the elastomer matrix of the composition of the invention may comprise at least one other elastomer, on a minority basis.
• diene elastomers known to those skilled in the art for their use in the field of tires, such as a polybutadiene (abbreviated "BR"), a synthetic polyisoprene (IR), natural rubber (NR), a butadiene copolymer such as a butadiene-styrene copolymer (SBR), an isoprene copolymer and mixtures of these elastomers.
• BR polybutadiene
• IR synthetic polyisoprene
• NR natural rubber
• SBR butadiene copolymer
• SBR butadiene-styrene copolymer
• isoprene copolymer and mixtures of these elastomers.
• composition of the invention comprises at least one hydrocarbon resin having a Tg of between 50°C and 120°C, called “high Tg", and a number average molar mass (Mn) less than or equal to 800 g/mol .
• the high Tg hydrocarbon plasticizing resin has at least one of the following characteristics:
• Tg included in a range ranging from 55°C to 110°C, more preferably from 60°C to 100°C, and even more preferably from 60°C to 90°C;
• Mn a number average molar mass (Mn) greater than or equal to 150 g/mol, preferably greater than or equal to 250 g/mol and less than or equal to 600 g/mol, more preferably greater than or equal to 250 g/mol and less than or equal to 500 g/mol;
• this high Tg hydrocarbon plasticizing resin has all of the above preferential characteristics.
• Tg is measured according to ASTM D3418 (1999).
• the macrostructure (Mw, Mn and IP) of the hydrocarbon resin is determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC): solvent tetrahydrofuran; temperature 35°C; concentration 1 g/1; flow rate 1 ml/min; solution filtered on a filter with a porosity of 0.45 ⁇ m before injection; Moore calibration with polystyrene standards; set of 3 “WATERS” columns in series (“STYRAGEL” HR4E, HR1 and HR0.5); detection by differential refractometer ("WATERS 2410") and its associated operating software (“WATERS EMPOWER").
• SEC size exclusion chromatography
• the hydrocarbon resins according to the invention can be aliphatic or of the mixed aliphatic/aromatic type, that is to say that the hydrocarbon resins according to the invention comprise aliphatic constitutional units or even aliphatic constitutional units and aromatic constitutional units. . They can be natural or synthetic, petroleum-based or not.
• hydrocarbon resins according to the invention can be obtained from the polymerization of one or more monomers among aromatic monomers and aliphatic monomers. Hydrocarbon resins may have undergone partial or total hydrogenation following polymerization.
• the high Tg hydrocarbon plasticizing resin according to the invention is chosen from the group consisting of homopolymer or copolymer resins of cyclopentadiene (abbreviated CPD) or dicyclopentadiene (abbreviated DCPD), resins of terpene homopolymers or copolymers, terpene phenol homopolymer or copolymer resins, Cs cut homopolymer or copolymer resins, styrene homopolymer or copolymer resins, C9 cut homopolymer or copolymer resins (or more generally from a Cs to Cio cut), and mixtures of these resins.
• CPD cyclopentadiene
• DCPD dicyclopentadiene
• resins of terpene homopolymers or copolymers terpene phenol homopolymer or copolymer resins
• Cs cut homopolymer or copolymer resins styrene homopolymer or copo
• the high Tg hydrocarbon resin has an aliphatic proton rate of at least 97%. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the high Tg hydrocarbon resin has an aliphatic proton rate of at least 99%.
• the hydrocarbon resin useful for the purposes of the invention preferably has an aromatic proton level of less than 5%, preferably included in a range ranging from 0% to 4%, preferably 0 % to 2%.
• the hydrocarbon resin useful for the purposes of the invention preferably has an ethylenic proton level of less than 5%, preferably within a range from 0% to 3%.
• the aliphatic proton rate, the aromatic proton rate (%HA) and the ethylenic proton rate (%HE) are measured by 1 H NMR. This determination is carried out in relation to all of the signals detected. Thus, the results obtained are expressed in % peak area.
• the samples are solubilized in deuterated chloroform (CDCI3) at a rate of approximately 10 mg of resin in approximately 1 mL of solvent.
• the spectra are acquired on a Bruker Avance 500 MHz spectrometer equipped with a Broker “broadband” BBO z-grad 5 mm probe.
• the 1 H NMR experiment uses a single pulse 30° sequence and a repetition delay of 5 seconds between each acquisition. 64 accumulations are carried out at room temperature. The chemical shifts are calibrated against the protonated impurity of deuterated chloroform; Sppm 1 H at 7.20 ppm.
• the 1 H NMR signals of aromatic protons are located between 8.5ppm and 6.2ppm.
• Ethylene protons for their part, generate signals between 6.2ppm and 4.5ppm. Finally, the signals corresponding to aliphatic protons are located between 4.5ppm and Oppm. The areas of each category of protons are compared to the sum of these areas to thus give a distribution in % area of each category of protons.
• the level of high Tg hydrocarbon plasticizing resin is advantageously greater than or equal to 10 phr, preferably included in a range ranging from 10 phr to 120 phr, preferably from 20 to 120 phr. 120 pce, preferably still from 20 pce to 110 pce or even from 20 to 80 pce.
• the high Tg hydrocarbon plasticizing resin may be a mixture of several high Tg hydrocarbon plasticizing resins as described above.
• the plasticizing system according to the invention may comprise, in addition to the high Tg hydrocarbon plasticizing resin, at least one plasticizing oil or at least one hydrocarbon resin with a Tg lower than 50°C, or at least one plasticizing oil and a hydrocarbon resin with a Tg below 50°C.
• plasticizers are well known to those skilled in the art and available commercially.
• the total level of plasticizers (high Tg hydrocarbon plasticizing resin, plasticizing oil, hydrocarbon resin with Tg less than 50°C) constituting the plasticizing system is greater than or equal to 10 phr, preferably within a range ranging from 10 to 120 phr . According to certain modes, the total level of plasticizers constituting the plasticizing system is included in a range ranging from 20 to 120 phr, preferably included in a range ranging from 20 to 110 phr.
• the composition according to the invention comprises a reinforcing filler.
• a reinforcing filler Any type of reinforcing filler known for its ability to reinforce a rubber composition usable for the manufacture of tires can be used, for example an organic filler such as carbon black, an inorganic reinforcing filler such as silica, alumina, or even a combination of these two types of charge. More particularly, the reinforcing filler comprises at least one silica, one carbon black or a mixture of silica and carbon black.
• All carbon blacks are suitable as carbon blacks, in particular so-called pneumatic grade blacks.
• pneumatic grade blacks we will particularly mention the reinforcing carbon blacks of the 100, 200 or 300 series (ASTM grades), such as blacks NI 15, NI 34, N234, N326, N330, N339, N347, N375, or even, depending on the intended applications, blacks of higher series (for example N660, N683, N772).
• the carbon blacks could for example already be incorporated into an isoprene elastomer in the form of a masterbatch (see for example applications WO 97/36724 or WO 99/16600).
• organic fillers other than carbon blacks mention may be made of functionalized polyvinyl organic fillers as described in applications WO-A-2006/069792, WO-A-2006/069793, WO-A-2008/003434 and WO-A-2008/003435.
• the composition may contain one type of silica or a blend of several silicas.
• the silica used can be any reinforcing silica known to those skilled in the art, in particular any precipitated or pyrogenic silica having a BEL surface area as well as a CT AB specific surface area both less than 450 m 2 /g, preferably from 30 to 400 m 2 /g.
• HDS highly dispersible precipitated silicas
• composition according to the invention can optionally also contain coupling agents, coupling activators, agents for recovering inorganic charges or more generally agents for aiding implementation capable of in a known manner, thanks to an improvement in the dispersion of the filler in the rubber matrix and a lowering of the viscosity of the composition, to improve its ability to be used in the raw state, these agents being for example hydrolysable silanes such as alkylalkoxysilanes, polyols, fatty acids, polyethers, primary, secondary or tertiary amines, hydroxylated or hydrolyzable polyorganosiloxanes.
• coupling agents such as alkylalkoxysilanes, polyols, fatty acids, polyethers, primary, secondary or tertiary amines, hydroxylated or hydrolyzable polyorganosiloxanes.
• the content of coupling agent is preferably between 1 and 20 phr.
• the level of coupling agent represents 0.5% to 15% by weight relative to the quantity of reinforcing inorganic filler.
• the physical state in which the reinforcing filler is presented is irrelevant, whether in the form of powder, microbeads, granules, beads or any other suitable densified form.
• the total reinforcing filler rate (carbon black and/or reinforcing inorganic filler such as silica) is 5 to 200 phr, more preferably 40 to 160 phr. Below 5 pce of load, the composition may not be sufficiently reinforced while above 200 pce of load, the composition could be less efficient in terms of rolling resistance.
• silica is used as the majority filler, preferably at a rate ranging from 50 to 160 phr, more preferably from 60 to 150 phr, and, optionally, carbon black.
• the carbon black when it is present, is then used in a minority manner, preferably at a level within a range ranging from 0.1 to 10 phr, more preferably from 0.5 to 10 phr, in particular from 1 to 10 phr. 5 p. 4 Reticulation system
• the crosslinking system can be any type of system known to those skilled in the art in the field of rubber compositions for tires. It may in particular be based on sulfur, and/or peroxide and/or bismaleimides.
• the crosslinking system is based on sulfur, we then speak of a vulcanization system.
• the sulfur can be provided in any form, in particular in the form of molecular sulfur, or of a sulfur-donating agent.
• At least one vulcanization accelerator is also preferably present, and, optionally, also preferentially, various known vulcanization activators can be used such as zinc oxide, stearic acid or equivalent compound such as stearic acid salts and salts. transition metals, guanidic derivatives (in particular diphenylguanidine), or even known vulcanization retarders.
• Sulfur is used at a preferential rate of between 0.2 pce and 10 pce, more preferably between 0.3 and 5 pce.
• the accelerator or mixture of vulcanization accelerators is used at a preferential rate of between 0.5 and 10 phr, more preferably between 0.5 and 5 phr.
• Any compound capable of acting as an accelerator for the vulcanization of diene elastomers in the presence of sulfur can be used as an accelerator, in particular accelerators of the thiazole type as well as their derivatives, accelerators of the sulfenamide, thiuram, dithiocarbamate, dithiophosphate, thiourea and xanthate types. .
• MBTS 2-mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide
• CBS N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide
• DCBS N,N-dicyclohexyl- 2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide
• TBBS N-ter-butyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide
• TZTD tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide
• ZBEC zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate
• the rubber composition according to the invention may optionally also comprise all or part of the usual additives usually used in elastomer compositions for tires, pigments, protective agents such as anti-ozone waxes, chemical antiozonants, anti-oxidants, anti-fatigue agents, reinforcing resins (as described for example in application WO 02/10269).
• protective agents such as anti-ozone waxes, chemical antiozonants, anti-oxidants, anti-fatigue agents, reinforcing resins (as described for example in application WO 02/10269).
• the invention concerns the rubber compositions previously described both in the so-called “raw” or non-crosslinked state (i.e., before cooking) and in the so-called “cooked” or crosslinked state, or even vulcanized ( i.e., after crosslinking or vulcanization).
• composition according to the invention can be manufactured in suitable mixers, using two successive preparation phases well known to those skilled in the art:
• thermomechanical mixing (so-called "nonproductive" phase), which can be carried out in a single thermomechanical step during which it is introduced into a suitable mixer such as a usual internal mixer (for example of the 'type Banbury'), all the necessary constituents, in particular the elastomeric matrix, the reinforcing filler, any other various additives, with the exception of the crosslinking system.
• a suitable mixer such as a usual internal mixer (for example of the 'type Banbury')
• all the necessary constituents in particular the elastomeric matrix, the reinforcing filler, any other various additives, with the exception of the crosslinking system.
• the incorporation of the possible filler into the elastomer can be carried out in one or more times by thermomechanical mixing.
• the filler is already incorporated in whole or in part into the elastomer in the form of a masterbatch as described for example in applications WO 97/36724 or WO 99/16600, it is the masterbatch which is directly kneaded and, if necessary, the other elastomers or fillers present in the composition which are not in the form of masterbatch are incorporated, as well as any other various additives other than the crosslinking system.
• the non-productive phase can be carried out at high temperature, up to a maximum temperature of between 110°C and 200°C, preferably between 130°C and 185°C, for a duration generally between 2 and 10 minutes.
• a second phase of mechanical work (called "productive" phase), which is carried out in an external mixer such as a roller mixer, after cooling the mixture obtained during the first non-productive phase to a lower temperature, typically below 120°C, for example between 40°C and 100°C.
• the crosslinking system is then incorporated, and everything is then mixed for a few minutes, for example between 5 and 15 min.
• Such phases are widely known to those skilled in the art.
• the final composition thus obtained is then calendered for example in the form of a sheet or a plate, in particular for characterization in the laboratory, or even extradited (or co-extradited with another rubber composition) in the form of a semi-finished (or profile) of rubber usable in a tire, for example as a tread.
• These products can then be used for the manufacture of tires, according to techniques known to those skilled in the art.
• the composition can be either in the raw state (before crosslinking or vulcanization), or in the cooked state (after crosslinking or vulcanization), and can be a semi-finished product which can be used in a tire.
• the crosslinking (or cooking), where appropriate the vulcanization, is carried out in a known manner at a temperature generally between 130°C and 200°C, for a sufficient time which can vary for example between 5 and 90 min depending in particular on the cooking temperature, the crosslinking system adopted and the crosslinking kinetics of the composition considered. 7 Pneumatic
• the present invention also relates to a pneumatic or non-pneumatic tire comprising a rubber composition according to the invention.
• composition according to the invention is present at least in the tread of the pneumatic or non-pneumatic tire according to the invention.
• microstructure of elastomers is determined by 'H NMR analysis, supplemented by 13 C NMR analysis when the resolution of the NMR spectra does not allow the attribution and quantification of all the species.
• the measurements are carried out using a BRUKER 500MHz NMR spectrometer at frequencies of 500.43 MHz for proton observation and 125.83 MHz for carbon observation.
• a HRMAS 4mm z-grad probe is used to observe the proton and carbon in decoupled mode from the proton.
• the spectra are acquired at rotation speeds of 4000Hz to 5000Hz.
• a liquid NMR probe is used to observe the proton and carbon in decoupled mode from the proton.
• non-soluble samples are done in rotors filled with the material analyzed and a deuterated solvent allowing swelling, generally deuterated chloroform (CDCI3).
• a deuterated solvent allowing swelling, generally deuterated chloroform (CDCI3).
• the solvent used must always be deuterated and its chemical nature can be adapted by those skilled in the art.
• the quantities of material used are adjusted so as to obtain spectra with sufficient sensitivity and resolution.
• the soluble samples are dissolved in a deuterated solvent (approximately 25 mg of elastomer in ImL), generally deuterated chloroform (CDCh).
• a deuterated solvent approximately 25 mg of elastomer in ImL
• CDCh generally deuterated chloroform
• the solvent or solvent blend used must always be deuterated and its chemical nature can be adapted by those skilled in the art.
• a single pulse sequence of 30° is used.
• the spectral window is adjusted to observe all of the resonance lines belonging to the analyzed molecules.
• the accumulation number is adjusted to obtain a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio for the quantification of each pattern.
• the recycling time between each pulse is adapted to obtain a quantitative measurement.
• a single pulse 30° sequence is used with proton decoupling only during acquisition to avoid “Nuclear Overhauser” effects (NOE) and remain quantitative.
• the spectral window is adjusted to observe all of the resonance lines belonging to the molecules analyzed.
• the accumulation number is adjusted to obtain a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio for the quantification of each pattern.
• the recycling time between each pulse is adapted to obtain a quantitative measurement.
• the NMR measurements are carried out at 25°C.
• the Mooney viscosity ML(l+4) at 100°C is measured according to the ASTM D 1646 standard.
• An oscillating consistometer is used as described in standard ASTM D 1646.
• the Mooney plasticity measurement is carried out according to the following principle: the composition in the raw state (i.e. before cooking) is molded in a cylindrical enclosure heated to 100 °C . After one minute of preheating, the rotor rotates within the test piece at 2 revolutions/minute and the torque useful for maintaining this movement after 4 minutes of rotation is measured.
• tan(ô)max dynamic properties are measured on a viscoanalyzer (Metravib V A4000), according to the ASTM D5992-96 standard.
• the response of a sample of vulcanized composition (cylindrical specimen 2 mm thick and 79 mm 2 in section), subjected to a sinusoidal stress in alternating simple shear, at a frequency of 10 Hz, is recorded.
• a temperature scan is carried out from -80°C to +100°C with a ramp of +1.5°C/min, under a stress of 0.7 MPa.
• the temperature hysteresis is determined by taking the integral of the loss angle (tan(ô)) in the interval [-30°C; 0°C] on a temperature scan at an imposed stress of 0.7MPa. This measurement is a descriptor of the tire's grip on wet or damp ground.
• the value in base 100 is calculated according to the operation: (value of the integral of the loss angle in the interval [-30°C; 0°C] of the sample / value of the integral of the angle of loss in the interval [-30°C; 0°C] of the indicator) * 100. In this way, a lower value represents a reduction in grip performance on wet surfaces (i.e.
• the strain hysteresis is determined by taking the maximum value of the loss angle on a return scan from a strain scan at 23°C ranging from 0.01% to 100% peak-peak strain. This measurement is a descriptor of hysteresis and therefore an indication of the rolling resistance property of the tire.
• the value in base 100 is calculated according to the operation: (value of tan(5)max at 23°C of the control / value of tan(5)max at 23°C of the sample) * 100. In this way, a lower value represents a decrease in hysteresis performance (i.e. increased hysteresis) while a higher value represents better hysteresis performance (i.e. increased hysteresis weaker).
• the elastomer is introduced into an internal mixer (final filling rate: approximately 70% by volume), whose initial tank temperature is approximately 90°C.
• final filling rate approximately 70% by volume
• the temperature reaches 100°C half of the silica and the resin are introduced, as well as the carbon black and the coupling agent.
• Thermomechanical work is then carried out (non-productive phase) in one step, which lasts in total around 3 to 4 min, until a maximum "drop" temperature of 160°C is reached.
• the mixture thus obtained is recovered, cooled then the sulfur and the vulcanization accelerators are incorporated on a mixer (homo-finisher) at 30 ° C, mixing everything (productive phase) for an appropriate time (for example around ten of minutes).
• compositions thus obtained are then calendered either in the form of plates (thickness 2 to 3 mm) or thin sheets of rubber for the measurement of their physical or mechanical properties, or extradited in the form of a tire tread.
• the elastomer (EBR) is prepared according to the following procedure:
• the EBR elastomer is prepared in the presence of a catalytic system based on a metallocene [Me2Si(Flu)2Nd(p-BH4)2Li(THF)] and a co-catalyst, butyloctylmagnesium, according to the operating mode following :
• the co-catalyst (0.36 mmol/L) is added, then the metallocene (0.07 mmol/L).
• the alkylation time is 10 minutes, the reaction temperature is 20°C.
• ethylene and 1,3-butadiene are added continuously in the respective molar quantities of 80% and 20% into the reactor.
• the polymerization is carried out at 80°C under a pressure of 8 bars.
• the polymerization reaction is stopped by cooling, degassing the reactor and adding ethanol.
• An antioxidant is added to the polymer solution.
• the copolymer is recovered by drying in a vacuum oven to constant mass (Method in accordance with that of patent application WO2020/212184 Al).
• composition Cl is the control for compositions C2 and C3 based on SBR
• composition C4 is the control for compositions C5 and C6 based on EBR.
• composition in accordance with the invention with an elastomer matrix based on an EBR and a high Tg resin with a high level of aliphatic protons, makes it possible, against all expectations, to significantly improve the hysteresis performance ( rolling resistance) while improving wet grip.

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• 2022
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