EP4565373A1 - Procédé et dispositif permettant la surveillance d'une centrifugeuse - Google Patents
Procédé et dispositif permettant la surveillance d'une centrifugeuseInfo
- Publication number
- EP4565373A1 EP4565373A1 EP23786495.4A EP23786495A EP4565373A1 EP 4565373 A1 EP4565373 A1 EP 4565373A1 EP 23786495 A EP23786495 A EP 23786495A EP 4565373 A1 EP4565373 A1 EP 4565373A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- centrifuge
- drum
- speed
- determined
- filling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B11/00—Feeding, charging, or discharging bowls
- B04B11/04—Periodical feeding or discharging; Control arrangements therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B3/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls in which solid particles or bodies become separated by centrifugal force and simultaneous sifting or filtering
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a corresponding device for monitoring a centrifuge for solid-liquid separation of a suspension.
- the invention further relates to a corresponding computer program product.
- Centrifuges are technical devices that are used to separate substances. The way centrifuges work is based on the centrifugal force, which occurs due to the uniform circular movement of the material to be centrifuged. Particles or media with higher density migrate outwards due to higher inertia. In doing so, they displace the components with lower density, which then reach the center.
- Centrifuges such as peeler centrifuges are often used in the pharmaceutical industry or the food industry (e.g. in sugar production) for the solid-liquid separation of a suspension.
- centrifuges are operated according to a fixed time program: suspension is fed from a boiler into the centrifuge via a time-controlled valve, with the time being limited based on experience due to the risk of overfilling.
- the centrifuge has a centrifuge drum, which is filled with the suspension as filling material at the beginning of each work step, the centrifuge initially rotating at a first speed (filling speed DZI, cf. Fig. 2). The centrifuge drum is then accelerated to a second speed (spin speed DZ2, Fig.
- centrifuge drum is then slowed down to a peeling speed (DZ3, Fig. 2) and cleaned with a clearing device or peeling device. direction the filling material is removed from the centrifuge drum. After a certain number of runs of this type, the filtration resistance is reduced by adding a filter cloth or a non-removable base layer is usually so high that basic cleaning is necessary.
- This type of centrifuge (sieve centrifuge, peeling centrifuge) is generally used for batch production of substances in the pharmaceutical industry.
- the throughput of a centrifuge depends on the filtration resistance, which in turn depends on the particle size distribution. Small fluctuations in particle diameter lead to significantly different separation times. A time control must therefore be parameterized very precisely.
- the parameters necessary for optimal centrifuge operation such as the mass supplied for material separation and the speed used, are usually set manually for each batch by centrifuge operating personnel based on empirical values.
- Conventional condition monitoring in which the technical condition of the unit is recorded regularly or permanently using sensors and the resulting sensor data is analyzed for further use, is difficult with centrifuges because attaching a sensor in the separation space within the centrifuge drum is just as difficult is . In addition, conventional sensors are always exposed to large amounts of contamination from the suspension.
- Some peeling centrifuges have a type of "paddle” that slides on the rotating liquid or the filter cake separated from it using a displacement sensor, thus allowing an estimate of the filling level of the centrifuge.
- these mechanical transducers can transmit incorrect values due to the suspension caking e.g. clamping. Exact monitoring of the separation process or the condition of the centrifuge is therefore not possible.
- Non-contact optical sensors using lasers or ultrasound are also susceptible to failure due to contamination with a high solids content and are difficult to use.
- centrifugal sensors - Joint operation can be monitored contactlessly and yet precisely in order to ensure a smooth, error-free separation process, without installing complicated sensors on the centrifuge itself or without unnecessarily short filling times or Setting spin times that are too long and thus restricting the throughput of the centrifuge.
- the object of the invention is to provide an improved method for monitoring centrifuges and the separation process to be carried out, in which no sensors have to be attached in or on the centrifuge.
- the core idea of the invention is to evaluate existing variables and parameters of the drive of the centrifuge for controlling and regulating the centrifuge in such a way that they can be used to monitor the separation process.
- These can be physical variables such as current, voltage, speed (angular velocity) or torque, or variables derived from them with the corresponding parameters such as the rotational moment of inertia, the angular momentum of the centrifugal drum or the mass inflow.
- the method according to the invention is therefore based both on simple data accessible by measurement technology, such as current or voltage, as well as on data determined by calculation.
- What is therefore proposed is a method for monitoring a centrifuge for the solid-liquid separation of a suspension, with a centrifuge drum, which is connected to at least one frequency-controlled drive for generating a rotation of the centrifuge drum, with a large number during operation of the centrifuge of the variables and parameters of the drive are determined as a function of time over the course of the separation process, and from the relationships between the variables and parameters.
- Parameters of the drive operating modes of a cycle of centrifuge operation are derived and, depending on the derived operating mode, information about the separation process is automatically determined.
- the advantage of the method according to the invention is that monitoring of both the separation process and the centrifuge itself can be provided based on already existing sizes and parameters of the drive, without the need for additional sensors.
- the invention therefore does not require any special additional measuring instruments, but rather makes do with the instrumentation usually found in frequency converters.
- the method can advantageously be implemented in software or firmware at the control level or in a cloud environment and can therefore be flexibly adapted.
- any type of centrifuge can be equipped with “smart” monitoring software based on the method according to the invention.
- the method is particularly suitable for peeling centrifuges or sieving centrifuges with batch Operational management in which different operating modes can be derived within an operating cycle.
- the filling level of the centrifuge drum can advantageously be determined or the mass contained therein can be determined.
- the centrifuge is monitored in such a way that, in order to derive a filling mode, the speed of the drum rotation and at least the drive energy required to maintain a speed of the drum rotation are recorded as a function of time and an increase in the rotational moment of inertia of the drum due to the filling is derived from this.
- the (rotating) mass of the filling of the centrifuge drum can be easily determined from this.
- This design variant is particularly suitable for the operating mode in which the centrifuge drum rotates at the filling speed.
- the centrifuge consumes when empty at a constant speed, and from this the rotational moment of inertia of the empty drum can be derived.
- the centrifuge is then filled (the valve for the mass inflow of the suspension is opened). If the drum is filled, the incoming mass flow must be accelerated to its angular velocity and the additional energy required to accelerate an additional (inflowing) mass must be recorded via the power consumed by the frequency converter (at a constant angular velocity). This additional energy is used to determine the mass of the drum being filled.
- the feed valve is then closed.
- the power consumption of the frequency converter therefore increases significantly during the filling process.
- the integral of the current consumption above the idle current consumption at this speed is therefore a measure of the mass filled.
- the moment of inertia of the centrifuge drum can therefore be easily determined from the electrical energy required by the drive, assuming a known speed.
- the centrifuge drum can always be considered a hollow cylinder, since the radius of the centrifuge is usually very large compared to the almost negligible layer thickness of the filling material in the drum.
- the advantage of this design variant is that the degree of filling of the centrifuge can be determined very easily and yet quite precisely. Based on the current or electrical power trends, the energy required to accelerate the rotating mass can be precisely measured and is characteristic of a filling process. The virtual increase in mass during the filling process is characteristic of the process.
- the idle moment or rotational moment of inertia of the current mel when empty
- the drum's own weight is essential.
- the additional energy required to increase the rotational moment of inertia is determined for the centrifugal drum in the empty state during the transition from a first speed (preferably the peeling speed) to a second speed (preferably the filling speed). From this we draw conclusions about the (rotating) mass of the empty drum. This is particularly important if the degree of filling of the filled centrifuge drum is not determined solely by an increase in energy. In this way, the dead weight of often very heavy and large centrifuge drums, such as those found in the sugar industry, can be determined very easily.
- the degree of filling of the centrifuge can also be determined easily and precisely in a further, advantageous embodiment variant.
- This embodiment is particularly suitable for high speeds, i.e. H . for speeds of the operating mode in which the centrifuge drum rotates at the centrifugal speed.
- the “dry spin” operating mode is first determined from the relationships between the recorded variables and parameters of the drive and then the speed of the drum rotation is varied cyclically over time and the change in angular velocity over time is measured. This becomes the energy for acceleration and braking of the drum and the rotational moment of inertia of the drum is calculated. If the zero mass is known (which results from the rotational moment of inertia of the centrifuge when empty), the degree of filling of the centrifuge drum can be determined using the rotational moment of inertia of the rotating mass.
- the advantage of this embodiment variant is that the small variation in speed has no effect on the cutting process, while the change in energy caused by the acceleration and deceleration of the drum can be easily measured by the change in angular velocity over time.
- the energy change is used to the moment of inertia of the drum and then to the degree of filling
- a residual moisture of a filter cake is determined at the high speed by comparing the rotating masses of at least two cycles of speed variations.
- a first variation of the speed is made at the spin-off speed of the centrifugal drum, the rotating mass is determined and then the process is repeated at least once. If the mass determined in this way no longer changes, the filter cake in question is no longer sufficiently moist to spin off.
- the specific mass is constant with complete dehumidification. In this way, the residual moisture of the filter cake can be removed very efficiently, without intervening in the separation process. B. be determined by sampling. Furthermore, there are no additional operating costs for the centrifuge.
- the determination of the residual moisture according to this embodiment is advantageously integrated into the current operating mode of the centrifuge, and on the other hand, the spin-off process can be ended when the filter cake has reached a certain degree of dryness.
- the operating costs of the centrifuge can actually be reduced using this design variant if the spinning process is ended earlier than originally specified based on experience.
- the energy required to maintain or change the rotation of the centrifugal drum is determined by means of integrators in the frequency-dependent converter. Additional sensors are not necessary. The existing measurement setup is therefore optimally utilized.
- All versions of the method according to the invention lead to improved monitoring of centrifuges, since the evaluation of already existing variables provides greater accuracy and can be completely automated.
- the method according to the invention can be provided as a stand-alone application in a process plant or can be provided in a local or remote computer system (“cloud”), for example by a service provider as “Software as a Service”.
- the invention and/or each further development described can also be implemented by a computer program product, in particular a software application, which has a storage medium on which a computer program is stored which carries out the invention and/or the further development.
- the computer program product can advantageously be transferred to a working memory of a computing unit and executed from there with the aid of at least one CPU.
- the computer program product can advantageously be stored on a data storage device such as a USB stick, a hard disk or a CD-ROM/DVD-ROM and from there can be called up or installed on the computing unit.
- FIG. 1 a block diagram of a horizontal centrifuge and a device for monitoring the centrifuge
- FIG. 2 a curve diagram with different time profiles of variables for monitoring a centrifuge over a cycle of centrifuge operation Connection with the various embodiments of the present invention
- FIG. 3 shows a time course of the inflow rate and the required motor current in the operating mode of determining the filling level of a centrifuge drum according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 4 a time course of a speed of a centrifuge according to a further embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 1 shows, by way of example and in a simplified representation, a block diagram of a horizontal centrifuge Z for the solid-liquid separation of a suspension SUS.
- the centrifuge Z has a centrifuge drum T, into which the suspension SUS is fed via a pipe that can be closed by a valve V.
- the central joint drum T has an axis of rotation A, which coincides with the axis of symmetry of the central joint drum and is shown in FIG. 1 is arranged horizontally.
- the centrifuge has at least one bearing per point for storage at any two points on the axis of rotation.
- the suspension SUS is introduced into the interior of the centrifuge drum T via a so-called filling bar.
- the filling material rests more or less evenly against the cylindrical wall of the drum due to centrifugal forces.
- the horizontal centrifuge accelerates to force the liquid through the so-called filter cake.
- the spinning continues until the desired residual moisture content of the filter cake is reached.
- a peeling knife SM swings into the filter cake and, in this embodiment, peels the product P vertically downwards via a discharge device.
- the centrifuge Z To operate the centrifuge Z, it is connected to a frequency-controlled drive to generate rotation of the centrifuge drum T.
- the frequency-controlled drive contains at least one frequency converter FU, which generates a suitable alternating voltage for a motor from an alternating voltage supply.
- the frequency converter FU is connected on the one hand to a three-phase motor M and on the other hand to a programmable logic controller (PLC) for controlling the motor operation.
- PLC programmable logic controller
- the frequency converter has a speed control D, so that any speed of the rotation axis (physically: angular speeds w) of the centrifugal drum can be set.
- a device VO according to the invention for monitoring the centrifuge shown as an example in FIG .
- the device VO can also have a single interface, which is designed to receive any signals and/or data.
- the device VO comprises an evaluation device AS, which is designed to carry out the method according to the invention and, based on the signals supplied, to record a large number of variables and parameters of the drive as a function of time over the course of the separation process during operation of the centrifuge Z, and to derive operating modes of the centrifuge from the relationships between the variables and parameters and to automatically determine information about the separation process and / or a centrifuge state depending on the derived operating mode.
- the evaluation device AS further comprises at least one processor unit P, at least one memory or an archive Sp for storing the received signals, and at least one memory R in which a program PR with instructions is stored, when executed by means of the processor unit P one of the The procedure described above is carried out.
- the invention implemented as a computer program PR can, for example, be kept in the main memory R or loaded into it and can be executed from there with the help of the at least one processor P.
- the device can also have a display unit or be connected to one, which is designed so that the centrifuge of a process engineering system can be monitored on a user interface GUI.
- a user can interact as desired with the evaluation device AS of the device VO via the graphical user interface.
- Figure 2 shows a curve diagram with different time profiles of variables for monitoring a centrifuge over a cycle of centrifuge operation in connection with the various embodiments of the present invention.
- the time t in ms is plotted on the abscissa.
- Different variables in connection with an operating cycle of a peeling centrifuge for batch operation are plotted on the ordinate as an example, for which separate axes with the corresponding scales are given.
- the bottom curve is the measured speed UMi st of the centrifugal drum. This is given in number n per minute (rpm revolutions per minute) and is proportional to the physical size of the angular velocity a. Superimposed on this is the specified setpoint of the revolutions of the centrifuge drum UM so n in the same unit.
- the diagram also shows the progression over time Motor current I M in A, which is required to drive the centrifuge drum T, and the required electrical power P ei in kW.
- Motor current I M in A which is required to drive the centrifuge drum T
- P ei in kW the required electrical power
- the time course of the torque of the drum M T in Nm is compared with the courses of the other variables.
- a large number of variables and parameters of the drive can be determined and analyzed over time over the course of the separation process.
- the centrifuge In operating mode I, the centrifuge is filled.
- the empty drum initially rotates at a speed of DZ3, which often corresponds to the peeling speed from the previous operating cycle.
- the empty drum At the start of the filling mode, the empty drum is accelerated from around 50 to around 175 rpm in this exemplary embodiment. The latter is the filling speed DZ I.
- the measured actual value of the speed of the centrifuge drum UMi st follows the setpoint value UM so n with a time delay.
- the required electrical power P ei and the torque of the drum M T occur, which result from the fact that the empty centrifugal drum is accelerated from a first speed requires energy to reach a second speed becomes .
- the area of the first maximum of operating mode I the area below the curve of the electrical. Power can be determined as a function of time using an integrator. From this (from the electrical energy to increase the rotational energy of the centrifuge drum) the rotational moment of inertia of the centrifuge drum in the empty state, the idle moment, can be determined.
- the filling valve V is then opened and the suspension enters the drum. If the drum is filled, the incoming mass flow must be accelerated to its angular velocity, so the power consumption of the centrifuge increases significantly during the filling process. At the end of area I is therefore in Fig. 2 to recognize a second pronounced maximum of the motor current I M , as well as maxima of the required electrical power P ei and the torque of the drum M T.
- the integral of the current consumption above the idle current consumption at this speed is therefore a measure of the energy that is required to accelerate the incoming mass flow to the angular velocity until the centrifuge is finally sufficiently filled.
- the filling of the centrifuge drum the filling valve is closed and the speed is "ramped up" to the spin-off speed DZ2.
- a setpoint Usoii of 1000 rpm is specified for the spin-off speed.
- the "spin-off mode" can be in can be divided into two phases.
- the centrifuge needs a lot of energy to reach the target speed U so ii, which is shown in Fig. 2 can be seen from the increasing course of the required electrical power.
- the filling material loses mass as the liquid in the suspension is thrown off.
- the actual speed UM increases linearly, until the majority of the liquid has been separated.
- a setpoint value UM so n of 50 ppm is set in this exemplary embodiment. This is the peeling speed DZ3 for peeling off the filter cake. Even in this operating mode IV, the measured actual value of the speed of the centrifuge drum Ui S t follows the setpoint value UM with a time delay until it finally remains at the initial level at the peeling speed DZ3. After this operating mode, a new cycle of centrifuge operation begins.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of the time course of the inflow rate dm/dt of a centrifuge and the required motor current I M in the operating mode of filling (see area I from FIG. 2) of a centrifuge drum according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- the motor current I M does not change because the drum is driven at a constant speed against a constant frictional resistance.
- the rotational moment of inertia Jieer of the drum of the centrifuge in the empty state can (as already noted in the description of Fig.
- a software application in which the specified method is implemented would provide the information about the degree of filling to a user when a function “determination of the degree of filling” is called up, without a special sensor having to be installed in the centrifuge drum.
- FIG 4 shows a time course of a speed UM of a centrifuge according to a further embodiment of the invention.
- RDM high speed
- This can be, for example, a sine wave or a sawtooth. This takes place in particular in the dry spin area (see operating mode III in Fig. 2).
- the change in angular velocity is measured.
- the motor has to generate energy. This can be derived from the current required by the motor.
- the drum brakes the motor acts like a generator and converts the machine's mechanical energy back into electrical energy.
- the converter then has to “get rid of” the energy, which can be measured by the voltage drop across the resistors in the converter.
- the rotational moment of inertia of the drum can be determined using the energy balances.
- the centrifuge cycles with a defined acceleration or braking energy Driven between two speeds, the rotational moment of inertia can be measured periodically.
- a cyclic query of the frequency converter power or an electricity meter is necessary. To implement this query, it would have to be implemented in the system control system.
- a small variation of z plays a role in the separation process in relation to the number of revolutions of 1500 rpm. B. +/-50 rpm doesn't matter.
- the acceleration energy of the rising ramp or The braking torque of the falling ramp can be used to determine the moment of inertia during the drying process.
- an easily measurable energy must be used for acceleration or Controlled braking energy can be used and the temporal change in angular velocity dw/dt can be recorded.
- a change in energy over time can be caused by either accelerating the drum with a constant force or is braked and the change in angular velocity is used to calculate the rotational moment of inertia or the change in angular velocity is specified as a function of time and the power required for this is determined.
- the invention and the developments described are preferably implemented in software as well as in firmware or in a microchip, for example using a special electrical circuit, or implemented in a combination of software and hardware, such as a software module, which is integrated into the control of the Frequency inverter can be read.
Landscapes
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif correspondant (VO) permettant la surveillance d'une centrifugeuse (Z) destinée à la séparation solide-liquide d'une suspension (SUS), comprenant un tambour (T) qui est relié à au moins un entraînement commandé en fréquence destiné à générer une rotation dudit tambour (T). Selon ledit procédé, pendant le fonctionnement de la centrifugeuse, une pluralité de grandeurs et de paramètres de l'entraînement sont déterminés en fonction du temps tout au long du processus de séparation et, à partir des relations entre les grandeurs et les paramètres de l'entraînement, des modes de fonctionnement (I, II, III, IV) d'un cycle du fonctionnement de la centrifugeuse sont dérivés et, en fonction du mode de fonctionnement dérivé, des informations concernant le processus de séparation sont déterminées automatiquement.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22197197.1A EP4342588A1 (fr) | 2022-09-22 | 2022-09-22 | Procédé et dispositif de surveillance d'une centrifugeuse |
| PCT/EP2023/076107 WO2024062052A1 (fr) | 2022-09-22 | 2023-09-21 | Procédé et dispositif permettant la surveillance d'une centrifugeuse |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4565373A1 true EP4565373A1 (fr) | 2025-06-11 |
Family
ID=83444846
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22197197.1A Withdrawn EP4342588A1 (fr) | 2022-09-22 | 2022-09-22 | Procédé et dispositif de surveillance d'une centrifugeuse |
| EP23786495.4A Pending EP4565373A1 (fr) | 2022-09-22 | 2023-09-21 | Procédé et dispositif permettant la surveillance d'une centrifugeuse |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22197197.1A Withdrawn EP4342588A1 (fr) | 2022-09-22 | 2022-09-22 | Procédé et dispositif de surveillance d'une centrifugeuse |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP4342588A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN119947830A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024062052A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118808001B (zh) * | 2024-09-14 | 2025-01-28 | 美亚宜蓁(北京)生物科技集团有限公司 | 一种美容产品原液离心设备及方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2126358B (en) * | 1982-08-02 | 1985-07-24 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Apparatus and methods for monitoring inertia |
| PL3085452T3 (pl) * | 2015-04-21 | 2017-12-29 | Bws Technologie Gmbh | Wirówka o działaniu nieciągłym z urządzeniem sterującym do sterowania pracą wirówki oraz sposób napędzania wirówki |
| DE102021002118B3 (de) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-05-05 | Groschopp Aktiengesellschaft Drives & More | Verfahren zum Ausschleudern von Honigwaben und Honigschleuder |
-
2022
- 2022-09-22 EP EP22197197.1A patent/EP4342588A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2023
- 2023-09-21 WO PCT/EP2023/076107 patent/WO2024062052A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-09-21 EP EP23786495.4A patent/EP4565373A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-09-21 CN CN202380067745.7A patent/CN119947830A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2024062052A1 (fr) | 2024-03-28 |
| EP4342588A1 (fr) | 2024-03-27 |
| CN119947830A (zh) | 2025-05-06 |
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