EP4566105A2 - Plaque bipolaire destinée à une unité électrochimique d'un dispositif électrochimique et dispositif électrochimique - Google Patents

Plaque bipolaire destinée à une unité électrochimique d'un dispositif électrochimique et dispositif électrochimique

Info

Publication number
EP4566105A2
EP4566105A2 EP23745449.1A EP23745449A EP4566105A2 EP 4566105 A2 EP4566105 A2 EP 4566105A2 EP 23745449 A EP23745449 A EP 23745449A EP 4566105 A2 EP4566105 A2 EP 4566105A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
distribution
anode gas
cathode gas
bipolar plate
order
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23745449.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Schaich
Joachim Scherer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ekpo Fuel Cell Technologies GmbH
Original Assignee
Ekpo Fuel Cell Technologies GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ekpo Fuel Cell Technologies GmbH filed Critical Ekpo Fuel Cell Technologies GmbH
Publication of EP4566105A2 publication Critical patent/EP4566105A2/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
    • H01M8/0254—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form corrugated or undulated
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H01M8/0276—Sealing means characterised by their form
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • Bipolar plate for an electrochemical unit of an electrochemical device and electrochemical device
  • the present invention relates to a bipolar plate for an electrochemical unit of an electrochemical device, which comprises a plurality of electrochemical units which follow one another along a stacking direction, the bipolar plate comprising the following: an anode gas passage opening which forms part of an anode gas channel which extends longitudinally the stacking direction extends through the electrochemical device; a cathode gas passage opening which forms part of a cathode gas channel which extends along the stacking direction of the electrochemical device; an electrochemically active region of the bipolar plate, which comprises an anode gas flow field through which the anode gas can flow and a cathode gas flow field through which the cathode gas can flow; an anode gas distribution region through which the anode gas passage opening is in fluid communication with the anode gas flow field; and a cathode gas distribution region through which the cathode gas passage opening is in fluid communication with the cathode gas flow field; wherein the anode gas distribution region and/or the cathode gas distribution
  • anode gas inlets are provided on the inside of the anode gas sealing bead facing the anode gas passage opening and anode gas outlets are provided on the outside of the anode gas sealing bead facing away from the anode gas passage opening.
  • cathode gas inlets are provided on the inside of the cathode gas sealing bead facing the cathode gas passage opening and cathode gas outlets are provided on the outside of the cathode gas sealing bead facing away from the cathode gas passage opening.
  • the anode gas outlets can only be located at certain points along the circumference of the anode gas sealing bead, and the cathode gas outlets can only be located at certain points along the circumference of the cathode gas sealing bead. This follows from the technical condition that the anode gas sealing bead or the cathode gas sealing bead must not be weakened too much, and from the condition of being able to be converted into the forming tools, by means of which the anode gas outlets or the cathode gas outlets are formed by a forming process, in particular by a stamping process or a deep-drawing process is formed on the anode gas sealing bead or on the cathode gas sealing bead.
  • the anode gas or cathode gas flows unevenly into the distribution channels of the anode gas distribution area and the cathode gas distribution area, since some distribution channels have a mouth opening facing the respective sealing bead, which is in the extension of an anode gas outlet or a cathode gas outlet, so that a high proportion of the anode gas or cathode gas flows out of the outlet in question in the direction of the mouth opening of such a distribution channel.
  • Other distribution channels have mouth openings facing the respective sealing bead, which lie between the direct outflow paths of two anode gas outlets or two cathode gas outlets, so that only a small proportion of the anode gas or cathode gas flowing out of the relevant outlets reaches the mouth openings of these distribution channels.
  • the uneven distribution of the anode gas or the cathode gas to the mouth openings of the distribution channels of the respective distribution area also leads to an uneven distribution of the anode gas over the anode gas flow channels of the anode gas flow field or to an uneven distribution of the cathode gas over the cathode gas -Flow channels of the cathode gas flow field.
  • Such an uneven distribution of the anode gas and/or the cathode gas over the respective flow fields of the electrochemically active region of the bipolar plate reduces the performance and efficiency of the electrochemical device in which such bipolar plates are used.
  • the present invention is based on the object of creating a bipolar plate for an electrochemical unit of an electrochemical device of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the anode gas flowing out of the anode gas passage opening is distributed as evenly as possible to the distribution channels formed between the distribution structures of the anode gas distribution area and /or the cathode gas flowing out of the cathode gas passage opening is distributed as evenly as possible to the distribution channels formed between the distribution structures of the cathode gas distribution area.
  • anode gas distribution area and / or the cathode gas distribution area each has at least one bypass channel through which two adjacent distribution channels are in fluid communication with one another.
  • anode gas can flow from a distribution channel, into which an above-average amount of anode gas flows out of the anode gas outlets, into an adjacent distribution channel, which receives less anode gas from the anode gas outlets.
  • cathode gas can flow through the bypass channels in the cathode gas distribution area from a distribution channel, which receives an above-average amount of cathode gas from the cathode gas outlets, into an adjacent distribution channel, which receives less cathode gas from the cathode gas outlets. In this way, the supply of anode gas or cathode gas to the distribution channels is evened out.
  • anode gas flow channels of the anode gas flow field supplied with anode gas by the anode gas distribution region or the cathode gas flow channels of the cathode gas flow field supplied with cathode gas by the cathode gas distribution region are also supplied with anode gas or cathode gas more evenly .
  • the distribution structures, between which the distribution channels are formed can be designed, for example, as distribution webs, which extend essentially linearly along a longitudinal direction of the respective distribution structure.
  • the at least one bypass channel is formed by a local lowering of one of the distribution structures.
  • the local lowering preferably corresponds to at least 5%, in particular at least 10%, particularly preferably at least 20%, of the height of the locally lowered distribution structure in a non-lowered section of the distribution structure.
  • the height of the distributor structure is preferably measured starting from a longitudinal center plane of the bipolar plate that is oriented perpendicular to the stacking direction, along which an anode-side bipolar plate layer and a cathode-side bipolar plate layer of the bipolar plate rest against one another. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the local lowering of the distribution structure through which a bypass channel is formed is at most 95%, in particular at most 90%, particularly preferably at most 80%, for example at most 50%, of the height of the locally lowered distribution structure in one lowered section of the distribution structure.
  • the local reduction is preferably at least 20 pm, in particular at least 40 pm, particularly preferably at least 80 pm.
  • the local reduction is preferably at most 380 pm, in particular at most 360 pm, particularly preferably at most 320 pm, for example at most 200 pm.
  • the extent of the local lowering of the distribution structure in the longitudinal direction of the locally lowered distribution structure is preferably at most 1.5 mm. This prevents a component of an electrochemical unit supported by the respective distribution structure, for example a gas diffusion layer or a component of a sealing arrangement of an electrochemical unit, from not being adequately supported by the respective distribution structure and thereby bulging into the respective bypass channel, whereby the Cross section of the relevant bypass channel through which flow would be reduced in an undesirable manner.
  • the anode gas passage opening is surrounded by an anode gas sealing bead, on the outside of which an anode gas outlet is arranged, facing away from the anode gas passage opening, and the cathode gas passage opening is surrounded by a cathode gas sealing bead, on whose A cathode gas outlet is arranged on the outside facing away from the cathode gas passage opening.
  • a distribution channel which is referred to below as a first-order distribution channel of the anode gas distribution region.
  • the largest proportion of the cathode gas flowing out of the cathode gas outlet flows into a distribution channel, which is referred to below as the first-order distribution channel of the cathode gas distribution region.
  • Two second-order distribution channels are adjacent to the respective first-order distribution channel, and the respective second-order distribution channels are each adjacent to a third-order distribution channel or a further second-order distribution channel (apart from the respectively assigned first-order distribution channel).
  • more anode gas or cathode gas flows into a first-order distribution channel than into a second-order distribution channel, and more anode gas or cathode gas flows into a second-order distribution channel than into a first-order distribution channel.
  • the respective first order distribution channel is in fluid communication with the two adjacent second order distribution channels via a first order bypass channel.
  • the second-order distribution channels are each in fluid connection via a second-order bypass channel with the respectively adjacent third-order distribution channel or, if appropriate, with the respective adjacent further second-order distribution channel.
  • the first-order bypass channels each have a larger flow-through cross-section than the second-order bypass channels.
  • the flow-through cross section of a bypass channel is taken perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the relevant bypass channel and thus essentially parallel to the longitudinal directions of the distribution channels connected to one another by the bypass channel and parallel to the stacking direction.
  • the second order bypass channels - seen in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the first order distribution channel and perpendicular to the stacking direction - are at least partially aligned overlap the adjacent first-order bypass channels. In this way, it is possible for anode gas or cathode gas flowing out of a first-order bypass channel to flow into the adjacent second-order bypass channel without changing its flow direction.
  • the anode gas or cathode gas is advantageous for the anode gas or cathode gas to be distributed as uniformly as possible to the distribution channels of the anode gas distribution area or cathode gas distribution area if there is at least one bypass channel - seen in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the distribution structure on which the relevant bypass channel is formed, and perpendicular to the stacking direction - at least partially overlaps with at least one bypass channel which is formed in an adjacent distribution structure.
  • a further equalization of the loading of the anode gas flow field with anode gas or the cathode gas flow field with cathode gas can be achieved if at least one distribution structure of the anode gas distribution area and / or at least one distribution structure of the cathode gas distribution area with two or more, in the longitudinal direction of the respective Distribution structure is provided with spaced-apart bypass channels.
  • a bypass channel formed on a distributor structure is preferably located closer to an end of the relevant distributor structure facing the anode gas passage opening or the cathode gas passage opening than to an end of the relevant distributor structure facing the electrochemically active region of the bipolar plate.
  • At least one distribution structure of the anode gas distribution region and/or at least one distribution structure of the cathode gas distribution region is provided with a bypass channel, the distance of which from an end of the respective distribution structure facing away from the electrochemically active region of the bipolar plate along the longitudinal direction the distribution structure is greater than the extent of the bypass channel along the longitudinal direction of the distribution structure.
  • the bipolar plate according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in an electrochemical device which comprises a plurality of electrochemical units which follow one another along a stacking direction and each comprise a bipolar plate according to the invention.
  • Such an electrochemical device can be designed, for example, as a fuel cell device or as an electrolyzer.
  • such an electrochemical device can be designed as a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell device.
  • PEM polymer electrolyte membrane
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of a bipolar plate for an electrochemical unit of an electrochemical device, which comprises a plurality of electrochemical units, which follow one another along a stacking direction, the bipolar plate having an anode gas passage opening, which forms part of an anode gas channel, which is along the Stacking direction extends through the electrochemical device, a cathode gas passage opening, which forms part of a cathode gas channel, which extends along the stacking direction through the electrochemical device, an electrochemically active area of the bipolar plate, which has an anode gas flow field through which the anode gas can flow and a cathode gas flow field through which the cathode gas can flow, an anode gas distribution region, via which the anode gas passage opening is in fluid communication with the anode gas flow field, and a cathode gas distribution region, via which the cathode gas passage opening is in fluid communication with the cathode gas flow field, wherein the anode gas distribution region and the cath
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the left end region of the bipolar plate from Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of area I from Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the area of the bipolar plate shown in Fig. 3, looking towards the anode side of the bipolar plate;
  • FIG. 5 shows a partial longitudinal section through the bipolar plate from FIGS. 1 to 4 parallel to a distributor structure of the anode gas distribution area, along line 5 - 5 in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 shows a partial longitudinal section through the bipolar plate from FIGS. 1 to 4, transverse to distribution structures of the anode gas distribution area, along line 6 - 6 in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 7 shows a partial longitudinal section through the bipolar plate from FIGS. 1 to 4, transverse to distribution structures of the anode gas distribution area, in the area of bypass channels of the anode gas distribution area, along line 7 - 7 in FIG. 3; 8 is a top view of the bipolar plate from FIG. 1 along the stacking direction, looking towards the cathode side of the bipolar plate;
  • Fig. 9 is an enlarged view of the left end region of the bipolar plate from Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 10 is an enlarged view of area II from Fig. 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the area of the bipolar plate shown in FIG. 10, looking towards the cathode side of the bipolar plate;
  • FIG. 12 shows a partial longitudinal section through the bipolar plate from FIGS. 1 to 11, parallel to a distributor structure of the cathode gas distribution area, along line 12 - 12 in FIG. 10;
  • FIG. 13 shows a partial longitudinal section through the bipolar plate from FIGS. 1 to 11, transverse to distribution structures of the cathode gas distribution area, along line 13 - 13 in FIG. 10;
  • FIG. 14 shows a partial longitudinal section through the bipolar plate from FIGS. 1 to 11, transverse to distribution structures of the cathode gas distribution area, in the area of bypass channels of the cathode gas distribution area, along line 14 - 14 in Fig. 10.
  • Identical or functionally equivalent elements are designated with the same reference numerals in all figures. 1 to 14, designated as a whole by 100, forms a component of an electrochemical unit 102 (not shown as a whole), which, in addition to the bipolar plate 100, can include a membrane-electrode arrangement, gas diffusion layers and a sealing arrangement.
  • a plurality of such electrochemical units 102 follow one another along a stacking direction 104 to form a stack of electrochemical units 102, which is a component of an electrochemical device 106, for example a fuel cell device.
  • the bipolar plate 100 has a substantially rectangular shape, with long sides 107 of the bipolar plate 100 extending along a longitudinal direction 108 and short sides 109 of the bipolar plate 100 extending along a transverse direction 110 of the bipolar plate 100.
  • the longitudinal direction 108 and the transverse direction 110 are preferably aligned perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the stacking direction 104.
  • the longitudinal direction 108 is also referred to as the x direction
  • the transverse direction 110 is referred to as the y direction
  • the stacking direction 104 is referred to as the z direction.
  • the x-direction, the y-direction and the z-direction form a rectangular coordinate system.
  • the bipolar plate 100 has two end regions 112 and an electrochemically active region 114 located between the end regions 112.
  • the electrochemically active region 114 of the bipolar plate 100 comprises an anode gas flow field 116 through which an anode gas can flow, a cathode gas flow field 118 through which a cathode gas can flow, and a coolant flow field 120 through which a coolant can flow.
  • the bipolar plate 100 is designed in two layers and comprises an anode-side bipolar plate layer 122, on which the anode gas flow field 116 is formed, and a cathode-side bipolar plate layer 124, on which the cathode gas flow field 118 is formed.
  • the bipolar plate layers 122 and 124 consist of a material that has good electrical conductivity, preferably a metallic material.
  • the bipolar plate layers 122 and 124 are materially connected to one another along joining lines (not shown in the drawing), preferably welded, in particular by laser welding.
  • the anode flow field 116 of the bipolar plate 100 is in fluid communication with an anode-side electrode of a membrane-electrode arrangement - possibly via an anode-side gas diffusion layer.
  • the cathode flow field 118 of the bipolar plate 100 is in fluid communication with a cathode-side electrode of a membrane-electrode arrangement - possibly via a cathode-side gas diffusion layer.
  • Anode gas and cathode gas can thus reach the electrochemically active areas of a membrane-electrode arrangement from the electrochemically active area 114 of the bipolar plate 100. Therefore, the area of the bipolar plate 100 provided with the anode gas flow field 116 and the cathode gas flow field 118 is referred to as its electrochemically active area 114, although no electrochemical reactions take place on the bipolar plate 100 itself.
  • the anode gas flow field 116 includes anode gas flow channels 126, the main flow direction of which is aligned parallel to the longitudinal direction 108 (x direction) of the bipolar plate 100.
  • the cathode gas flow field 118 includes cathode gas flow channels 128, the main flow direction of which extends parallel to the longitudinal direction 108 (x direction) of the bipolar plate 100.
  • the bipolar plate 100 has a plurality of medium passage openings 130, through which a fluid medium (a Anode gas (fuel gas, for example hydrogen), a cathode gas (oxidizing agent, for example oxygen or air) or a coolant (for example water)) can pass through the bipolar plate 100.
  • a fluid medium a Anode gas (fuel gas, for example hydrogen), a cathode gas (oxidizing agent, for example oxygen or air) or a coolant (for example water)
  • the medium passage openings 130 of the bipolar plates 100 successive in the stack of electrochemical units 102 and the spaces between the medium passage openings 130 in the stacking direction 104 together each form a medium channel 132.
  • the fluid media pass through the anode gas flow field 116, the cathode gas flow field 118 and the coolant flow field 120 in the electrochemically active region 114 of the bipolar plate 100 from one end region 112 to the other end region 112.
  • An anode gas passage opening 134, a cathode gas passage opening 136 and a coolant passage opening 138 are arranged in the first end region 112a of the bipolar plate 100 shown in FIGS. 2 to 7 and 9 to 14.
  • each of these passage openings 134, 136 and 138 can serve either to supply the relevant medium to the electrochemical device 106 or to remove the relevant medium from the electrochemical device 106.
  • each of the three media anode gas, cathode gas and coolant can flow through the electrochemically active region 114 parallel to the other media or with the opposite main flow direction with respect to the main flow directions of one or two of the other media.
  • all passage openings 134, 136 and 138 arranged in the first end region 112a of the bipolar plate 100 supply the respective medium to the electrochemical device 106 and the passage openings 134, 136 and arranged in the second end region 112b of the bipolar plate 100 138 serve to remove the respective medium from the electrochemical device 106.
  • each of these passage openings is provided with a sealing bead 140.
  • the anode gas passage opening 134 is surrounded by an anode gas sealing bead 142.
  • the anode gas sealing bead 142 is provided on its inside facing the anode gas passage opening 134 with several anode gas inlets 144, through which anode gas from the anode gas passage opening 134 into the Interior of the anode gas sealing bead 142 can flow in (see Fig. 2).
  • the anode gas inlets 144 each open at an edge 146 of the anode gas passage opening 134.
  • the edge 146 of the anode gas passage opening 134 is square; However, the polygonal edge 146 of the anode gas passage opening 134 can also have more or fewer than four corners.
  • the corners of the anode gas passage opening 134 are preferably rounded in order to avoid tearing of the bipolar plate layers 122 and 124 in the area of these corners.
  • the anode gas sealing bead 142 is provided with several anode gas outlets 154 on its outside facing away from the anode gas passage opening 134.
  • the anode gas outlets 154 are preferably arranged on a section 156 of the anode gas sealing bead 142, which faces the electrochemically active region 114 of the bipolar plate 100.
  • the anode gas inlets 144 which are arranged on the same section 156 of the anode gas sealing bead 142, are preferably offset along the circumferential direction of the anode gas sealing bead 142 relative to the anode gas outlets 154.
  • the anode gas flows out through the anode gas outlets 154 on the section 156 of the anode gas sealing bead 142 into an anode gas distribution area 170, which serves to distribute the anode gas as evenly as possible to the anode gas flow channels 126 of the anode gas flow field 116.
  • the anode gas distribution area 170 each comprises a plurality of directional distribution structures 172 and a plurality of non-directional distribution structures 174, which serve to deflect the anode gas from its original flow direction.
  • the directed distributor structures 172 are designed, for example, as essentially linearly extending distributor webs 176.
  • the non-directional distributor structures 174 are designed, for example, as essentially cup-shaped distributor knobs 178.
  • the distributor structures 172 and 174 are preferably formed in one piece with the material of the bipolar plate layers 122 or 124 and are inserted into the respective bipolar plate layer 122 or 124 by a forming process, for example by an embossing process or a Deep drawing process introduced.
  • the cathode gas passage opening 136 is surrounded by a cathode gas sealing bead 162.
  • the coolant passage opening 138 is surrounded by a coolant sealing bead 164.
  • a ring-shaped closed edge bead 182 runs around near the outer edge 180 of the bipolar plate 100.
  • the edge bead 182 encloses the electrochemically active region 114 of the bipolar plate 100, the anode gas passage openings 134 and the anode gas sealing beads 142 in both end regions 112, the cathode gas passage openings 136 and the cathode gas sealing beads 162 in both end regions 112 and the coolant Passage openings 138 and the coolant sealing beads 164 in both end regions 112 of the bipolar plate 100.
  • the edge bead 182 serves to prevent the media to be supplied to the electrochemical device 106, in particular the anode gas, the cathode gas and the coolant, from escaping from the electrochemical units 102 into the outer space 184 of the electrochemical device 106.
  • the cathode gas sealing bead 162 is provided with a plurality of cathode gas inlets 194 on its inside facing the cathode gas passage opening 136 (see in particular FIG. 9).
  • Cathode gas passes through the cathode gas inlets 194 from the cathode gas passage opening 136 into the interior of the cathode gas sealing bead 162.
  • the cathode gas inlets 194 preferably open at the edge 198 of the cathode gas passage opening 136.
  • the edge 198 of the cathode gas passage opening 136 is square.
  • the number of corners of the polygonal edge 198 can also be smaller or larger than four.
  • Cathode gas outlets 214, which are arranged on the outside of the cathode gas sealing bead 162 facing away from the cathode gas passage opening 136 and through which the cathode gas flows out of the interior of the cathode gas sealing bead 162, are preferably all arranged on a section 200 of the cathode gas sealing bead 162, which the electrochemically active region 114 of the bipolar plate 100 faces.
  • the cathode gas inlets 194, which are arranged on the same section 200 of the cathode gas sealing bead 162, are arranged offset along the circumferential direction of the cathode gas sealing bead 162 relative to the cathode gas outlets 214.
  • cathode gas outlets 214 are provided on the cathode gas sealing bead 162.
  • the cathode gas flows through the cathode gas outlets 214 into a cathode gas distribution region 216 of the bipolar plate 100, which serves to distribute the cathode gas as evenly as possible to the cathode gas flow channels 128 of the cathode gas flow field 118.
  • the cathode gas distribution area includes distribution structures 218, which are designed as directional distribution structures 220 or as non-directional distribution structures 221.
  • the directed distributor structures 220 are preferably designed as linearly extending distributor webs 222.
  • the non-directional distributor structures 221 are designed, for example, as essentially cup-shaped distributor knobs 223.
  • the coolant sealing bead 164 is provided with a plurality of coolant inlets 224 on its inside facing the coolant passage opening 138 (see in particular FIG. 2).
  • the coolant passes through the coolant inlets 224 from the coolant passage opening 138 into the interior of the coolant sealing bead 164.
  • the edge 228 of the coolant passage opening 138 is square in the embodiment shown in the drawing. However, the number of corners of the polygonal edge 228 of the coolant passage opening 138 can also be larger or smaller than four.
  • Coolant outlets 225 which are arranged on the outside of the coolant sealing bead 164 facing away from the coolant passage opening 138 and through which the coolant flows out of the interior of the coolant sealing bead 164, are preferably all arranged on a section 230 of the coolant sealing bead 164, which the electrochemically active region 114 of the bipolar plate 114 faces.
  • the coolant inlets 224 which are arranged on the same section 230 of the coolant sealing bead 164, are arranged offset along the circumferential direction of the coolant sealing bead 164 relative to the coolant outlets 225.
  • the coolant flows through the coolant outlets 225 into a coolant distribution area 242 of the bipolar plate 100, which serves to distribute the coolant as evenly as possible across the coolant flow channels of the coolant flow field.
  • the anode-side bipolar plate layer 122 and the cathode-side bipolar plate layer 124 are offset in opposite directions along the stacking direction 104 relative to a longitudinal center plane of the bipolar plate 100 that is oriented perpendicular to the stacking direction 104, so that the flow of the coolant through the coolant distribution area 242 a large flow-through cross-section is available.
  • the bipolar plate 100 is preferably designed to be rotationally symmetrical with respect to a rotation of 180° about an axis of rotation running through the center of the electrochemically active region 114 of the bipolar plate 100 and parallel to the stacking direction 104 (z direction).
  • the medium passage openings 130 arranged in the second end region 112b, in particular the anode gas passage opening 134 arranged there, the cathode gas passage opening 136 arranged there and the coolant passage opening 138 arranged there, are therefore preferably constructed and arranged in essentially the same way as the anode gas passage opening 134, the cathode gas passage opening 136 and the coolant passage opening 138 in the first end region 112a, which have been described above.
  • the aim is to distribute the anode gas flowing out of the anode gas outlets 154 on the anode gas sealing bead 142 as evenly as possible to the distribution channels 173 of the anode gas distribution region 170 formed between the directed distribution structures 172 and to distribute the cathode gas flowing out of the cathode gas outlets 214 on the cathode gas sealing bead 162 as evenly as possible to the distribution channels 219 of the cathode gas distribution region 216 formed between the directed distribution structures 220.
  • bypass channels 288 are formed on the distribution structures 132 of the anode gas distribution region 170, through which two adjacent distribution channels 173 of the anode gas distribution region 170 are in fluid communication with one another (see in particular FIGS. 3, 4 and 7).
  • a bypass channel 288 is formed on the distribution structures 220 of the cathode gas distribution region 216, through which two adjacent distribution channels 219 of the cathode gas distribution region 216 are in fluid communication with one another.
  • anode gas can flow from a distribution channel 173, into which an above-average amount of anode gas flows out of the anode gas outlets 154, into an adjacent distribution channel 173, which receives less anode gas from the anode gas outlets 154.
  • cathode gas can flow through the bypass channels 288 in the cathode gas distribution area 216 from a distribution channel 219, which receives an above-average amount of cathode gas from the cathode gas outlets 214, into an adjacent distribution channel 219, which receives less cathode gas from the cathode gas outlets 214.
  • the anode gas flow channels 126 of the anode gas flow field 116 supplied with anode gas by the anode gas distribution region 170 or the cathode gas flow channels 128 of the cathode gas flow field 118 supplied with cathode gas by the cathode gas distribution region 216 also flow more evenly Anode gas or cathode gas can be fed.
  • the bypass channels 288 are formed by a local lowering of the distributor structure 172 or 220, on which the relevant bypass channel 288 is formed.
  • the local lowering of the distribution structure 172, 220 preferably corresponds to at least 5%, in particular at least 10%, particularly preferably at least 20%, of the height of the locally lowered distribution structure 172, 220 in a non-lowered section 290 of the relevant distribution structure 172, 220, which corresponds to the respective bypass channel 288 is adjacent.
  • the local lowering of the distribution structure 172, 220, on which the relevant bypass channel 288 is formed is at most 95%, in particular at most 90%, particularly preferably at most 80%, for example at most 50%, of the height of the local lowered distribution structure 172, 220 in a non-lowered section 290 of the relevant distribution structure 172, 220 corresponds.
  • the local reduction is at least 20 pm, in particular at least 40 pm, particularly preferably at least 80 pm.
  • the local reduction is at most 380 pm, in particular at most 360 pm, particularly preferably at most 320 pm, for example at most 200 pm.
  • the extent of the local lowering and thus of the bypass channel 288 in the longitudinal direction of the locally lowered distributor structure 172, 220 is preferably at most 1.5 mm. This prevents a component of an electrochemical unit 102 supported by the respective distributor structure 172, 220, for example a gas diffusion layer or a component of a sealing arrangement of an electrochemical unit 102, is not sufficiently supported by the respective distributor structure 172, 220 and thereby bulges into the respective bypass channel 288, as a result of which the flow-through cross section of the relevant bypass channel 288 would be reduced in an undesirable manner.
  • Each anode gas outlet 154 on the anode gas sealing bead 142 is assigned a first-order distribution channel 173a of the anode gas distribution region 170, which is arranged and aligned relative to the anode gas outlet 154 in such a way that the largest proportion of the anode gas flowing out of the anode gas outlet 154 flows into this distribution channel first Order 173a flows in.
  • Two second-order distribution channels 173b are adjacent to each first-order distribution channel 173a of the anode gas distribution region 170, and a third-order distribution channel 173c is adjacent to each of the second-order distribution channels 173b, with each second-order distribution channel 173b receiving less anode gas from the anode gas outlets 154 than one first order distribution channel 173a, and wherein each third order distribution channel 173c receives less anode gas from the anode gas outlets 154 than a second order distribution channel 173b.
  • Each first-order distribution channel 173a is in fluid communication with one of the adjacent second-order distribution channels 173b via a respective first-order bypass channel 288a.
  • Each of the second-order distribution channels 173b is in fluid communication with an adjacent third-order distribution channel 173c via a second-order bypass channel 288b.
  • Third-order distribution channels 173c can be in fluid communication with an adjacent further third-order distribution channel 173c via a respective third-order bypass channel 288c.
  • Third-order distribution channels 173c can be in fluid communication with an adjacent further third-order distribution channel 173c via a respective third-order bypass channel 288c.
  • more anode gas must flow through the first-order bypass channels 288a than through the second-order bypass channels 288b.
  • the first-order bypass channels 288a therefore each have a larger cross-section through which flow can flow than the second-order bypass channels 288b.
  • the second-order bypass channels 288b preferably have a larger flow-through cross-section than the third-order bypass channels 288c.
  • bypass channels 288 - in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the distributor structure 172, in which the bypass channels 288 are each formed, and perpendicular to the stacking direction 104 - at least partially with at least one bypass Channel 288 formed in an adjacent manifold structure 172 overlap.
  • the distances of the bypass channels 288 from an end 292 of the respective distribution structure 172, on which the relevant bypass channel 288 is formed, facing away from the electrochemically active region 114 of the bipolar plate 100, along the longitudinal direction of this distribution structure 172, is greater than the extent of the relevant bypass Channel 288 along the longitudinal direction of the distribution structure 172.
  • Each cathode gas outlet 214 on the cathode gas sealing bead 162 is assigned a first-order distribution channel 219a of the cathode gas distribution region 216, which is arranged and aligned relative to the cathode gas outlet 214 in such a way that the largest proportion of the cathode gas flowing out of the cathode gas outlet 214 flows into this distribution channel first Order 219a flows in.
  • Two second-order distribution channels 219b are adjacent to each first-order distribution channel 219a of the cathode gas distribution region 216, and each of the second-order distribution channels 219b can be adjacent to a further second-order distribution channel 219b, with each second-order distribution channel 219b releasing less cathode gas from the cathode gas outlets 214 receives 219a as a first order distribution channel.
  • Each first-order distribution channel 219a is in fluid communication with one of the adjacent second-order distribution channels 219b via a respective first-order bypass channel 288a.
  • Second-order distribution channels 219b can be in fluid communication with an adjacent further second-order distribution channel 219b via a second-order bypass channel 288b.
  • first-order bypass channels 288a In order to distribute the cathode gas as evenly as possible over the distribution channels of different orders 219a and 219b, more cathode gas must flow through the first-order bypass channels 288a than through the second-order bypass channels 288b.
  • the first-order bypass channels 288a therefore each have a larger cross-section through which flow can flow than the second-order bypass channels 288b.
  • the distances of the bypass channels 288 from an end 292 of the respective distribution structure 220, on which the relevant bypass channel 288 is formed, facing away from the electrochemically active region 114 of the bipolar plate 100, along the longitudinal direction of this distribution structure 220, is greater than the extent of the relevant bypass Channel 288 along the longitudinal direction of the distribution structure 220.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une plaque bipolaire destinée à une unité électrochimique d'un dispositif électrochimique comprenant plusieurs unités électrochimiques superposées dans une direction d'empilement, la plaque bipolaire comprenant : - une ouverture de passage de gaz anodique; - une ouverture de passage de gaz cathodique; - une zone électrochimiquement active de la plaque bipolaire, qui comporte un champ d'écoulement de gaz anodique et un champ d'écoulement de gaz cathodique; - une zone de répartition de gaz anodique par laquelle l'ouverture de passage de gaz anodique est en communication fluidique avec le champ d'écoulement de gaz anodique; et - une zone de distribution de gaz cathodique par laquelle l'ouverture de passage de gaz cathodique est en communication fluidique avec le champ d'écoulement de gaz cathodique; la zone de distribution de gaz anodique et/ou la zone de distribution de gaz cathodique comportant des structures de répartition qui délimitent entre respectivement des canaux de distribution réalisés entre respectivement deux structures de distribution. Pour que le gaz anodique soit réparti aussi uniformément que possible sur les canaux de distribution de la zone de distribution de gaz anodique et/ou que le gaz cathodique soit réparti aussi uniformément que possible sur les canaux de distribution de la zone de répartition de gaz cathodique, l'invention propose que la zone de distribution de gaz anodique et/ou la zone de distribution de gaz cathodique comporte respectivement au moins un canal de dérivation par lequel deux canaux de distribution adjacents sont en liaison fluidique.
EP23745449.1A 2022-08-01 2023-07-17 Plaque bipolaire destinée à une unité électrochimique d'un dispositif électrochimique et dispositif électrochimique Pending EP4566105A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022119221.0A DE102022119221A1 (de) 2022-08-01 2022-08-01 Bipolarplatte für eine elektrochemische Einheit einer elektrochemischen Vorrichtung und elektrochemische Vorrichtung
PCT/EP2023/069820 WO2024028094A2 (fr) 2022-08-01 2023-07-17 Plaque bipolaire destinée à une unité électrochimique d'un dispositif électrochimique et dispositif électrochimique

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EP4566105A2 true EP4566105A2 (fr) 2025-06-11

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EP23745449.1A Pending EP4566105A2 (fr) 2022-08-01 2023-07-17 Plaque bipolaire destinée à une unité électrochimique d'un dispositif électrochimique et dispositif électrochimique

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US (1) US20250174679A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4566105A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN119604998A (fr)
DE (1) DE102022119221A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2024028094A2 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202023103247U1 (de) * 2023-06-13 2024-09-16 Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh Separatorplatte für ein elektrochemisches System
DE102024107605A1 (de) * 2024-03-18 2025-09-18 Ekpo Fuel Cell Technologies Gmbh Plattenelement, Bipolarplatte, Plattenanordnung und elektrochemisches System
DE102024123593A1 (de) * 2024-08-19 2026-02-19 Ekpo Fuel Cell Technologies Gmbh Bipolarplatte für eine elektrochemische Vorrichtung

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103119766B (zh) 2010-09-16 2016-04-20 丰田自动车株式会社 燃料电池用隔板、燃料电池、燃料电池的制造方法
JP6063303B2 (ja) * 2013-03-04 2017-01-18 本田技研工業株式会社 燃料電池
JP6149781B2 (ja) 2014-03-31 2017-06-21 トヨタ車体株式会社 燃料電池
FR3049391B1 (fr) 2016-03-24 2018-04-20 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Plaque bipolaire de cellule electrochimique de faible epaisseur
DE202016107302U1 (de) 2016-12-22 2018-03-27 Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh Separatorplatte für ein elektrochemisches System
CN114583204A (zh) 2020-11-30 2022-06-03 永安行科技股份有限公司 一种空冷型燃料电池电堆及其金属双极板
DE102021000629A1 (de) * 2021-02-08 2021-03-25 Daimler Truck Fuel Cell GmbH & Co. KG Separatorplatte für eine Brennstoffzelle
CN114094134B (zh) * 2021-10-08 2023-07-25 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 一种双极板以及燃料电池

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WO2024028094A2 (fr) 2024-02-08
CN119604998A (zh) 2025-03-11
US20250174679A1 (en) 2025-05-29
DE102022119221A1 (de) 2024-02-01
WO2024028094A3 (fr) 2024-06-20

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