Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
  • H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
  • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
  • H04W36/0055—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link
  • H04W36/0069—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link in case of dual connectivity, e.g. decoupled uplink/downlink
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
  • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
  • H04W36/0055—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link
  • H04W36/0079—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link in case of hand-off failure or rejection
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
  • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
  • H04W36/0083—Determination of parameters used for hand-off, e.g. generation or modification of neighbour cell lists
  • H04W36/00837—Determination of triggering parameters for hand-off
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
  • H04W36/34—Reselection control
  • H04W36/36—Reselection control by user or terminal equipment
  • H04W36/362—Conditional handover

Definitions

• a wireless multiple-access communications system may include a number of base stations (BSs), each simultaneously supporting communications for multiple communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE).
• BSs base stations
• UE user equipment
• LTE long term evolution
• NR next generation new radio
• 5G 5 th Generation
• LTE long term evolution
• NR next generation new radio
• NR is designed to operate over a wide array of spectrum bands, for example, from low-frequency bands below about 1 gigahertz (GHz) and mid-frequency bands from about 1 GHz to about 6 GHz, to high-frequency bands such as millimeter wave (mmWave) bands.
• GHz gigahertz
• mmWave millimeter wave
• NR is also designed to operate across different spectrum types, from licensed spectrum to unlicensed and shared spectrum. Spectrum sharing enables operators to opportunistically aggregate spectrums to dynamically support high-bandwidth services. Spectrum sharing can extend the benefit of NR technologies to operating entities that may not have access to a licensed spectrum.
• a UE When operating in a wireless communications system, a UE may move between coverage areas of multiple different base stations. The UE may report channel measurements. When the BS detects a degradation in channel quality based on the reported channel measurements and/or other channel information, the BS may initiate a handover of UE to another BS that can provide the UE with a better channel quality. In cases where radio signals of a neighboring base station, which may be referred to as a target base station, will provide an enhanced connection with a UE relative to a currently serving (or source) base station, the UE may be handed over from the source base station to the target base station.
• a neighboring base station which may be referred to as a target base station
• Such techniques may be referred to as handover procedures or mobility procedures, and help to provide continuous connectivity to a UE as it moves in a wireless communications system.
• a UE may release an active connection with the source base station and establish a new connection with the target base station in response to a handover communication from the source base station.
• Enhanced techniques for performing handover may help to enhance the overall efficiency and reliability of a wireless communications system. Accordingly, improvements in mobility support are also desirable for NR.
• the present disclosure describes methods, systems, and devices for detecting and reporting successful primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) changes in a wireless communication scenario, according to aspects of the present disclosure.
• a user equipment may be in communication with a network via two or more network nodes, including a primary or master node (MN) and at least one secondary node (SN).
• MN primary or master node
• SN secondary node
• channel conditions observed and reported by the UE may trigger or otherwise cause the network to perform a PScell change to reconfigure the UE with a different PScell and/or SN.
• the present disclosure describes mechanisms that allow for different types of nodes (e.g., MN, SN) to configure a UE for a PScell change and for successful PScell change (SPC) reporting.
• SPC PScell change
• a network node may be configured to generate or determine a SPC reporting configuration and communicate the configuration with the UE.
• the node generating the SPC reporting configuration may be a MN.
• the node may be a SN.
• the call flow or protocol for configuring the UE for SPC determination and reporting may be based on the type of node determining the SPC reporting configuration.
• a UE may be configured to detect a SCG failure during or after the PScell change. The present disclosure provides schemes and mechanisms for the UE to detect, store, and/or report SCG failure-related information to report to the network. Based on the SPC and/or SCG failure reporting from the UE, one or more network nodes may perform network optimizations that may reduce the chance of MCG and/or SCG failures in the future.
• a method of wireless communication performed by a first network unit comprises: transmitting, to a second network unit, an indication of a primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) change associated with a user equipment (UE); transmitting, based on the indication, a SPC report configuration; and receiving a SPC report, wherein the SPC report is based on the SPC report configuration and SPC information associated with the UE.
• PScell primary secondary cell group cell
• a method of wireless communication performed by a first master node comprises: receiving, from a second master node, a handover (HO) request; transmitting, to a first secondary node (SN), a primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) change request; receiving, from a user equipment (UE), a first message indicating successful HO information is available and successful PScell change information is available; transmitting, to the UE based on the first message, at least one request for the successful HO information and the successful PScell change information; and receiving, from the UE based on the at least one request, a successful HO report indicating the successful HO information and a SPC report indicating the successful PScell change information.
• HO handover
• PScell primary secondary cell group cell
• a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment comprises: receiving, from a secondary node (SN), an SN modification indication; receiving, from the SN based on the SN modification indication, a successful primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) change report configuration; and transmitting a SPC report, wherein the SPC report is based on the SPC report configuration and PScell change information associated with the UE.
• SN secondary node
• PScell successful primary secondary cell group cell
• a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment comprises: receiving, from a network node, a reconfiguration message for a PSCell change; detecting, based on the reconfiguration message, a PSCell change failure ; transmitting, to the network node based on the detecting the failure, a secondary cell group (SCG) failure report indicating SCG failure-related information; and transmitting, to the network node after the transmitting the SCG report, a further SCG failure report indicating additional SCG failure-related information.
• SCG secondary cell group
• a first network unit comprises: a memory device; a transceiver; and a processor in communication with the processor and the transceiver, wherein the first network unit is configured to: transmit, to a second network unit, an indication of a primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) change associated with a user equipment (UE); transmit, based on the indication, a SPC report configuration; and receive a SPC report, wherein the SPC report is based on the SPC report configuration and successful PScell change information associated with the UE.
• PScell primary secondary cell group cell
• a first master node comprises: a memory device; a transceiver; and a processor in communication with the processor and the transceiver, wherein the first master node is configured to: receive, from a second master node, a handover (HO) request; transmit, to a first secondary node (SN), a primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) change request; receive, from a user equipment (UE), a first message indicating successful HO information is available and successful PScell change information is available; transmit, to the UE based on the first message, at least one request for the successful HO information and the successful PScell change information; and receive, from the UE based on the at least one request, a successful HO report indicating the successful HO information and a SPC report indicating the successful PScell change information.
• HO handover
• SN first secondary node
• PScell primary secondary cell group cell
• UE user equipment
• a user equipment comprises: a memory device; a transceiver; and a processor in communication with the processor and the transceiver, wherein the UE is configured to: receive, from a secondary node (SN), an SN modification indication; receive, from the SN based on the SN modification indication, a successful primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) change report configuration; and transmit a SPC report, wherein the SPC report is based on the SPC report configuration and PScell change information associated with the UE.
• SN secondary node
• PScell successful primary secondary cell group cell
• a user equipment comprises: a memory device; a transceiver; and a processor in communication with the processor and the transceiver, wherein the UE is configured to: receive, from a network node, a reconfiguration message for a PSCell change; detect, based on the reconfiguration message, a PSCell change failure ; transmit, to the network node based on the detecting the failure, a secondary cell group (SCG) failure report indicating SCG failure-related information; and transmit, to the network node after the transmitting the SCG report, a further SCG failure report indicating additional SCG failure-related information.
• SCG secondary cell group
• a non-transitory, computer-readable medium having program code recorded thereon, wherein the program code comprises instructions executable by a processor of a first network unit, wherein the instructions comprise code for causing the first network unit to: transmit, to a second network unit, an indication of a primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) change associated with a user equipment (UE); transmit, based on the indication, a SPC report configuration; and receive a SPC report, wherein the SPC report is based on the SPC report configuration and successful PScell change information associated with the UE.
• PScell primary secondary cell group cell
• a non-transitory, computer-readable medium having program code recorded thereon, wherein the program code comprises instructions executable by a processor of a first master node, wherein the instructions comprise code for causing the first master node to: receive, from a second master node, a handover (HO) request; transmit, to a first secondary node (SN), a primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) change request; receive, from a user equipment (UE), a first message indicating successful HO information is available and successful PScell change information is available; transmit, to the UE based on the first message, at least one request for the successful HO information and the successful PScell change information; and receive, from the UE based on the at least one request, a successful HO report indicating the successful HO information and a SPC report indicating the successful PScell change information.
• HO handover
• SN first secondary node
• PScell primary secondary cell group cell
• UE user equipment
• UE user equipment
• UE user equipment
• UE user equipment
• a non-transitory, computer-readable medium having program code recorded thereon, wherein the program code comprises instructions executable by a processor of a user equipment (UE), wherein the instructions comprise code for causing the UE to: receive, from a secondary node (SN), an SN modification indication; receive, from the SN based on the SN modification indication, a successful primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) change report configuration; and transmit a SPC report, wherein the SPC report is based on the SPC report configuration and PScell change information associated with the UE.
• SN secondary node
• PScell successful primary secondary cell group cell
• a non-transitory, computer-readable medium having program code recorded thereon, wherein the program code comprises instructions executable by a processor of a user equipment (UE), wherein the instructions comprise code for causing the UE to: receive, from a network node, a reconfiguration message for a PSCell change; detect, based on the reconfiguration message, a PSCell change failure ; transmit, to the network node based on the code for causing the UE to detect the failure, a secondary cell group (SCG) failure report indicating SCG failure-related information; and transmit, to the network node after the code for causing the UE to transmit the SCG report, a further SCG failure report indicating additional SCG failure-related information.
• SCG secondary cell group
• a first network unit comprises: means for transmitting, to a second network unit, an indication of a primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) change associated with a user equipment (UE); means for transmitting, based on the indication, a SPC report configuration; and means for receiving a SPC report, wherein the SPC report is based on the SPC report configuration and successful PScell change information associated with the UE.
• PScell primary secondary cell group cell
• a first master node comprises: means for receiving, from a second master node, a handover (HO) request; means for transmitting, to a first secondary node (SN), a primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) change request; means for receiving, from a user equipment (UE), a first message indicating successful HO information is available and successful PScell change information is available; means for transmitting, to the UE based on the first message, at least one request for the successful HO information and the successful PScell change information; and means for receiving, from the UE based on the at least one request, a successful HO report indicating the successful HO information and a SPC report indicating the successful PS cell change information.
• HO handover
• SN first secondary node
• PScell primary secondary cell group cell
• UE user equipment
• a user equipment comprises: means for receiving, from a secondary node (SN), an SN modification indication; means for receiving, from the SN based on the SN modification indication, a successful primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) change report configuration; and means for transmitting a SPC report, wherein the SPC report is based on the SPC report configuration and PScell change information associated with the UE.
• SN secondary node
• PScell successful primary secondary cell group cell
• a user equipment comprises: means for receiving, from a network node, a reconfiguration message for a PSCell change; means for detecting, based on the reconfiguration message, a PSCell change failure ; means for transmitting, to the network node based on the means for detecting the failure, a secondary cell group (SCG) failure report indicating SCG failure -related information; and means for transmitting, to the network node after the means for transmitting the SCG report, a further SCG failure report indicating additional SCG failure-related information.
• SCG secondary cell group
• FIG. 1A illustrates a wireless communication network according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• FIG. IB is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture, according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• FIG. 2 illustrates a wireless communication network that provisions for user equipment reporting according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports a handover mechanism and a primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) change mechanism in wireless communications according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• PScell primary secondary cell group cell
• FIG. 4 is a signaling diagram illustrating a PScell change process according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• FIG. 5 is a signaling diagram illustrating a PScell change and reporting process according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• FIG. 6 is a signaling diagram illustrating a PScell change and reporting process according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• FIG. 7 is a signaling diagram illustrating a PScell change and reporting process according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• FIG. 8 is a signaling diagram illustrating a PScell change and reporting process according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• FIG. 9 is a signaling diagram illustrating a PScell change and reporting process according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• FIG. 10 is a signaling diagram illustrating a PScell change and reporting process according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• FIG. 11 is a signaling diagram illustrating a PScell change and reporting process according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• FIG. 12 is a signaling diagram illustrating a PScell change and reporting process according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a user equipment according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• FIG. 14 is a block diagram of an exemplary base station according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• FIG. 15 is a flow diagram of an example method for reporting successful PScell change information according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• FIG. 16 is a flow diagram of an example method for reporting successful PScell change information during a network handover procedure according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• FIG. 17 is a flow diagram of an example method for reporting successful PScell change information according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• FIG. 18 is a flow diagram of an example method for reporting successful PScell change information according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• This disclosure relates generally to wireless communications systems, also referred to as wireless communications networks.
• the techniques and apparatus may be used for wireless communication networks such as code division multiple access (CDMA) networks, time division multiple access (TDMA) networks, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) networks, orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) networks, single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) networks, LTE networks, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) networks, 5 th Generation (5G) or new radio (NR) networks, as well as other communications networks.
• CDMA code division multiple access
• TDMA time division multiple access
• FDMA frequency division multiple access
• OFDMA orthogonal FDMA
• SC-FDMA single-carrier FDMA
• LTE Long Term Evolution
• GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
• 5G 5 th Generation
• NR new radio
• An OFDMA network may implement a radio technology such as evolved UTRA (E- UTRA), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, flash-OFDM and the like.
• E- UTRA evolved UTRA
• IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
• GSM Global System for Mobile communications
• LTE long term evolution
• UTRA, E-UTRA, GSM, UMTS and LTE are described in documents provided from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP), and cdma2000 is described in documents from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2).
• 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
• 3GPP long term evolution LTE
• LTE long term evolution
• the 3GPP may define specifications for the next generation of mobile networks, mobile systems, and mobile devices.
• the present disclosure is concerned with the evolution of wireless technologies from LTE, 4G, 5G, NR, and beyond with shared access to wireless spectrum between networks using a collection of new and different radio access technologies or radio air interfaces.
• 5G networks contemplate diverse deployments, diverse spectrum, and diverse services and devices that may be implemented using an OFDM-based unified, air interface.
• further enhancements to LTE and LTE-A are considered in addition to development of the new radio technology for 5G NR networks.
• the 5G NR will be capable of scaling to provide coverage (1) to a massive Internet of things (loTs) with a ultra-high density (e.g., ⁇ 1M nodes/km 2 ), ultra-low complexity (e.g., ⁇ 10s of bits/sec), ultra-low energy (e.g., -10+ years of battery life), and deep coverage with the capability to reach challenging locations; (2) including mission-critical control with strong security to safeguard sensitive personal, financial, or classified information, ultra-high reliability (e.g., -99.9999% reliability), ultra-low latency (e.g., - 1 ms), and users with wide ranges of mobility or lack thereof; and (3) with enhanced mobile broadband including extreme high capacity (e.g., - 10 Tbps/km 2 ), extreme data rates (e.g., multi-Gbps rate, 100+ Mbps user experienced rates), and deep awareness with advanced discovery and optimizations.
• extreme high capacity e.g., - 10 Tbps/km 2
• extreme data rates e.g.,
• the 5G NR may be implemented to use optimized OFDM-based waveforms with scalable numerology and transmission time interval (TTI); having a common, flexible framework to efficiently multiplex services and features with a dynamic, low-latency time division duplex (TDD)/frequency division duplex (FDD) design; and with advanced wireless technologies, such as massive multiple input, multiple output (MIMO), robust millimeter wave (mmWave) transmissions, advanced channel coding, and device-centric mobility.
• TTI numerology and transmission time interval
• subcarrier spacing may occur with 15 kHz, for example over 5, 10, 20 MHz, and the like bandwidth (BW).
• BW bandwidth
• subcarrier spacing may occur with 30 kHz over 80/100 MHz BW.
• the subcarrier spacing may occur with 60 kHz over a 160 MHz BW.
• subcarrier spacing may occur with 120 kHz over a 500 MHz BW.
• the scalable numerology of the 5G NR facilitates scalable TTI for diverse latency and quality of service (QoS) requirements. For example, shorter TTT may be used for low latency and high reliability, while longer TTI may be used for higher spectral efficiency.
• QoS quality of service
• 5G NR also contemplates a self-contained integrated subframe design with UL/downlink scheduling information, data, and acknowledgement in the same subframe.
• the self-contained integrated subframe supports communications in unlicensed or contention-based shared spectrum, adaptive UL/downlink that may be flexibly configured on a per-cell basis to dynamically switch between UL and downlink to meet the current traffic needs.
• a wireless channel between the network (e.g., a BS) and a UE may vary over time.
• the BS may configure a set of beams for the UE, which at any point of time may use one or two serving beams to receive DL transmissions from or transmit UL transmissions to the BS.
• the BS and the UE may keep track of the serving beam(s) as well as candidate beams.
• the UE may perform one or more measurements of one or more reference signals configured for the UE and may include the one or more measurements in a channel state information (CSI) report. If a serving beam fails, the BS may reconfigure the UE to use of the candidate beams.
• CSI channel state information
• Candidate beams may be regularly updated because the channel quality between the BS and the UE may change over time. It may be desirable for the UE update the serving beam(s) according to the channel state.
• the UE may report the link quality of the serving beam(s) and the candidate beams in a CSI report to the BS, and the BS may process the CSI report and determine whether the UE’s serving beam(s) or candidate beam(s) should be reconfigured. If the quality of a beam falls below a threshold, the BS may reconfigure a beam the UE’s serving beam(s) or candidate beam(s). The BS may configure the threshold. Based on the determination, the BS may transmit a command to reconfigure the UE’s serving beam(s) and/or candidate beam(s) in response to the CSI report.
• the BS may configure the UE to periodically report the CSI report to the BS.
• the CSI report may include, for example, channel quality information (CQI) and/or reference signal received power (RSRP).
• CQI is an indicator carrying information on the quality of a communication channel.
• the BS may use the CQI to assist in downlink (DL) scheduling.
• the BS may use the RSRP to manage beams in multi-beam operations.
• the UE may perform different combinations of measurements for inclusion in the CSI report. Accordingly, the UE may transmit a CSI report including the CQI but not the RSRP, a CSI report including the RSRP but not the CQI, and/or a CSI report including both the CQI and the RSRP.
• Future cellular networks need to support data-hungry applications with enhanced data rates possibly via cell densification.
• reliable handover mechanisms that provides high data-rates for moderate-to-high speed users in urban environments remains a challenge.
• network operators may deploy base stations and turn them on and off in a coordinated manner to save energy. As a result, radio channel conditions may change dramatically for the mobile users and so the neighboring cell list changes rapidly.
• a UE may be configured for dual connectivity with two or more network nodes and on two or more cells.
• the UE may receive service from a master node (MN) for a master cell group (MCG), and from a secondary node (SN) for a secondary cell group (SCG).
• MN master node
• SN secondary node
• SCG secondary cell group
• the UE may communicate with network via a primary SCG cell, referred to as a PScell.
• the channel condition reporting from the UE may result in the network determining to change the PScell and/or the SN facilitating the PScell communications.
• the network nodes may coordinate the PScell change, and may configure the UE to detect and report a successful PScell change (SPC). Because multiple network nodes are communicating with the UE, it may be advantageous to define, configure, or otherwise specify the roles and responsibilities of each node in configuring the UE to report PScell change information, as well as the call flow or signaling protocol for facilitating PS cell changes.
• a network node may be configured to generate or determine a SPC reporting configuration and communicate the configuration with the UE.
• the node generating the SPC reporting configuration may be the master node (MN).
• the node may be a secondary node (SN).
• the call flow or protocol for configuring the UE for SPC determination and reporting may be based on the type of node determining the SPC reporting configuration.
• a UE may be configured to detect a SCG failure during or after the PScell change.
• the present disclosure provides schemes and mechanisms for the UE to detect, store, and/or report SCG failure-related information to report to the network. Based on the SPC and/or SCG failure reporting from the UE, one or more network nodes may perform network optimizations that may reduce the chance of MCG and/or SCG failures in the future.
• aspects of the present disclosure provide several benefits and advantages.
• the aspects of the present disclosure provide efficient architectures and protocols for configuring UEs to detect and report PScell conditions and/or successful changes, and to perform network optimizations based on the reports.
• the aspects of the present disclosure also provide for advantageous SCG failure reporting such that the network may be provided with additional useful SCG failure-related information to perform the network optimizations.
• the present disclosure describes methods and procedures for correlating SCG failure information and SPC information for performing network optimizations, with or without UE context.
• FIG. 1A illustrates a wireless communication network 100 according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• the network 100 may be a 5G network.
• the network 100 includes a number of base stations (BSs) 105 (individually labeled as 105a, 105b, 105c, 105d, 105e, and 105f) and other network entities.
• a BS 105 may be a station that communicates with UEs 115 and may also be referred to as an evolved node B (eNB), a next generation eNB (gNB), an access point, and the like.
• eNB evolved node B
• gNB next generation eNB
• Each BS 105 may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area.
• each BS 105 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110.
• the term “cell” can refer to this particular geographic coverage area of a BS 105 and/or a BS subsystem serving the coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.
• a BS 105 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell or a small cell, such as a pico cell or a femto cell, and/or other types of cell.
• a macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider.
• a small cell such as a pico cell, would generally cover a relatively smaller geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider.
• a small cell such as a femto cell, would also generally cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and, in addition to unrestricted access, may also provide restricted access by UEs having an association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs for users in the home, and the like).
• a BS for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro BS.
• a BS for a small cell may be referred to as a small cell BS, a pico BS, a femto BS or a home BS. In the example shown in FIG.
• the BSs 105d and 105e may be regular macro BSs, while the BSs 105a- 105c may be macro BSs enabled with one of three dimension (3D), full dimension (FD), or massive MIMO.
• the BSs 105a- 105c may take advantage of their higher dimension MIMO capabilities to exploit 3D beamforming in both elevation and azimuth beamforming to increase coverage and capacity.
• the BS 105f may be a small cell BS which may be a home node or portable access point.
• a BS 105 may support one or multiple (e.g., two, three, four, and the like) cells. In the example shown in FIG.
• the BSs 105a, 105b and 105c are examples of macro BSs for the coverage areas 110a, 110b and 110c, respectively.
• the BSs 105d is an example of a pico BS or a femto BS for the coverage area HOd.
• the network 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation.
• the BSs may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different BSs may be approximately aligned in time.
• the BSs may have different frame timing, and transmissions from different BSs may not be aligned in time.
• the UEs 115 are dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile.
• a UE 115 may also be referred to as a terminal, a mobile station, a subscriber unit, a station, or the like.
• a UE 115 may be a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, or the like.
• PDA personal digital assistant
• WLL wireless local loop
• a UE 115 may be a device that includes a Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC).
• a UE may be a device that does not include a UICC.
• UICC Universal Integrated Circuit Card
• the UEs 115 that do not include UICCs may also be referred to as loT devices or internet of everything (loE) devices.
• the UEs 115a-115d are examples of mobile smart phone-type devices accessing network 100.
• UEs 115c and 115d are in communication with one another through sidelink transmissions between the UEs 115c and 115d in a coverage area HOf.
• a UE 115 may also be a machine specifically configured for connected communication, including machine type communication (MTC), enhanced MTC (eMTC), narrowband loT (NB-IoT) and the like.
• MTC machine type communication
• eMTC enhanced MTC
• NB-IoT narrowband loT
• the UEs 115e-115h are examples of various machines configured for communication that access the network 100.
• the UEs 11 Sill 5k are examples of vehicles in coverage area IlOe that are equipped with wireless communication devices configured for communication that access the network 100.
• a UE 115 may be able to communicate with any type of the BSs, whether macro BS, small cell, or the like.
• a lightning bolt e.g., communication links
• the BSs 105a- 105c may serve the UEs 115a and 115b using 3D beamforming and coordinated spatial techniques, such as coordinated multipoint (CoMP) or multi -connectivity.
• the macro BS 105d may perform backhaul communications with the BSs 105a-105c, as well as small cell, the BS 105f.
• the macro BS 105d may also transmits multicast services which are subscribed to and received by the UEs 115c and 115d.
• Such multicast services may include mobile television or stream video, or may include other services for providing community information, such as weather emergencies or alerts, such as Amber alerts or gray alerts.
• the BSs 105 may also communicate with a core network.
• the core network may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions.
• IP Internet Protocol
• At least some of the BSs 105 (e.g., which may be an example of a gNB or an access node controller (ANC)) may interface with the core network through backhaul links (e.g., NG-C, NG-U, etc.) and may perform radio configuration and scheduling for communication with the UEs 115.
• the BSs 105 may communicate, either directly or indirectly (e.g., through core network), with each other over backhaul links (e.g., XI, X2, etc.), which may be wired or wireless communication links.
• backhaul links e.g., XI, X2, etc.
• At least some of the network devices may include subcomponents such as an access network entity, which may be an example of the ANC or centralized unit (CU).
• Each access network entity may communicate with UEs 115 through a number of other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a transmission/reception point (TRP), or a distributed unit (DU).
• various functions of each access network entity or base station 105 may be distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio heads and access network controllers) or consolidated into a single network device (e.g., a base station 105).
• a CU may control two or more DUs, which may each be associated with a different cell.
• the network 100 may also support mission critical communications with ultra-reliable and redundant links for mission critical devices, such as the UE 115e, which may be a drone. Redundant communication links with the UE 115e may include links from the macro BSs 105d and 105e, as well as links from the small cell BS 1051'.
• UE 115f e.g., a thermometer
• UE 115g e.g., smart meter
• UE 115h e.g., wearable device
• BSs such as the small cell BS 105f, and the macro BS 105e
• another user device which relays its information to the network
• the UE 115f communicating temperature measurement information to the smart meter
• the UE 115g which is then reported to the network through the small cell BS 1051.
• the network 100 may also provide additional network efficiency through dynamic, low-latency TDD/FDD communications, such asV2V, V2X, C-V2X communications between a UE 1 15i, 1 15j, or 1 15k and other UEs 1 15, and/or vehicle-to- infrastructure (V2I) communications between a UE 115i, 115j , or 115k and a BS 105.
• V2V dynamic, low-latency
• V2X V2X
• C-V2X communications between a UE 1 15i, 1 15j, or 1 15k and other UEs 1 15, and/or vehicle-to- infrastructure (V2I) communications between a UE 115i, 115j , or 115k and a BS 105.
• V2I vehicle-to- infrastructure
• the network 100 utilizes OFDM-based waveforms for communications.
• An OFDM-based system may partition the system BW into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are also commonly referred to as subcarriers, tones, bins, or the like. Each subcarrier may be modulated with data.
• the subcarrier spacing between adjacent subcarriers may be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) may be dependent on the system BW.
• the system BW may also be partitioned into subbands. In other instances, the subcarrier spacing and/or the duration of TTIs may be scalable.
• the BSs 105 can assign or schedule transmission resources (e.g., in the form of time-frequency resource blocks (RB)) for downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) transmissions in the network 100.
• DL refers to the transmission direction from a BS 105 to a UE 115
• UL refers to the transmission direction from a UE 115 to a BS 105.
• the communication can be in the form of radio frames.
• a radio frame may be divided into a plurality of subframes or slots, for example, about 10. Each slot may be further divided into mini-slots. In a FDD mode, simultaneous UL and DL transmissions may occur in different frequency bands.
• each subframe includes a UL subframe in a UL frequency band and a DL subframe in a DL frequency band.
• UL and DL transmissions occur at different time periods using the same frequency band.
• a subset of the subframes (e.g., DL subframes) in a radio frame may be used for DL transmissions and another subset of the subframes (e.g., UL subframes) in the radio frame may be used for UL transmissions.
• each DL or UL subframe may have pre-defined regions for transmissions of reference signals, control information, and data.
• Reference signals are predetermined signals that facilitate the communications between the BSs 105 and the UEs 115.
• a reference signal can have a particular pilot pattern or structure, where pilot tones may span across an operational BW or frequency band, each positioned at a pre-defined time and a pre-defined frequency.
• a BS 105 may transmit cell specific reference signals (CRSs) and/or channel state information - reference signals (CSLRSs) to enable a UE 115 to estimate a DL channel.
• CRSs cell specific reference signals
• CSLRSs channel state information - reference signals
• a UE 115 may transmit sounding reference signals (SRSs) to enable a BS 105 to estimate a UL channel.
• Control information may include resource assignments and protocol controls.
• Data may include protocol data and/or operational data.
• the BSs 105 and the UEs 115 may communicate using self-contained subframes.
• a self-contained subframe may include a portion for DL communication and a portion for UL communication.
• a self-contained subframe can be DL-centric or UL-centric.
• a DL-centric subframe may include a longer duration for DL communication than for UL communication.
• a UL-centric subframe may include a longer duration for UL communication than for UL communication.
• the network 100 may be an NR network deployed over a licensed spectrum.
• the BSs 105 can transmit synchronization signals (e.g., including a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS)) in the network 100 to facilitate synchronization.
• the BSs 105 can broadcast system information associated with the network 100 (e.g., including a master information block (MIB), remaining system information (RMSI), and other system information (OSI)) to facilitate initial network access.
• MIB master information block
• RMSI remaining system information
• OSI system information
• the BSs 105 may broadcast the PSS, the SSS, and/or the MIB in the form of synchronization signal block (SSBs) over a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) and may broadcast the RMSI and/or the OSI over a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).
• PBCH physical broadcast channel
• PDSCH physical downlink shared channel
• a UE 115 attempting to access the network 100 may perform an initial cell search by detecting a PSS from a BS 105.
• the PSS may enable synchronization of period timing and may indicate a physical layer identity value.
• the UE 115 may then receive a SSS.
• the SSS may enable radio frame synchronization, and may provide a cell identity value, which may be combined with the physical layer identity value to identify the cell.
• the PSS and the SSS may be located in a central portion of a carrier or any suitable frequencies within the carrier.
• the UE 115 may receive a MIB.
• the MIB may include system information for initial network access and scheduling information for RMSI and/or OSI.
• the UE 115 may receive RMSI and/or OSI.
• the RMSI and/or OSI may include radio resource control (RRC) information related to random access channel (RACH) procedures, paging, control resource set (CORESET) for physical downlink control channel (e.g., PDCCH) monitoring, physical UL control channel (PUCCH), physical UL shared channel (PUSCH), power control, and SRS.
• RRC radio resource control
• the UE 115 can perform a random access procedure to establish a connection with the BS 105.
• the random access procedure may be a four-step random access procedure.
• the UE 115 may transmit a random access preamble and the BS 105 may respond with a random access response.
• the random access response (RAR) may include a detected random access preamble identifier (ID) corresponding to the random access preamble, timing advance (TA) information, a UL grant, a temporary cell-radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI), and/or a backoff indicator.
• ID detected random access preamble identifier
• TA timing advance
• C-RNTI temporary cell-radio network temporary identifier
• the UE 115 may transmit a connection request to the BS 105 and the BS 105 may respond with a connection response.
• the connection response may indicate a contention resolution.
• the random access preamble, the RAR, the connection request, and the connection response can be referred to as message 1 (MSG1), message 2 (MSG2), message 3 (MSG3), and message 4 (MSG4), respectively.
• the random access procedure may be a two-step random access procedure, where the UE 115 may transmit a random access preamble and a connection request in a single transmission and the BS 105 may respond by transmitting a random access response and a connection response in a single transmission.
• the UE 115 and the BS 105 can enter a normal operation stage, where operational data may be exchanged.
• the BS 105 may schedule the UE 115 for UL and/or DL communications.
• the BS 105 may transmit UL and/or DL scheduling grants to the UE 115 via a PDCCH.
• the scheduling grants may be transmitted in the form of DL control information (DCI).
• the BS 105 may transmit a DL communication signal (e.g., carrying data) to the UE 115 via a PDSCH according to a DL scheduling grant.
• the UE 115 may transmit a UL communication signal to the BS 105 via a PUSCH and/or PUCCH according to a UL scheduling grant.
• the BS 105 may communicate with a UE 115 using HARQ techniques to improve communication reliability, for example, to provide a URLLC service.
• the BS 105 may schedule a UE 115 for a PDSCH communication by transmitting a DL grant in a PDCCH.
• the BS 105 may transmit a DL data packet to the UE 115 according to the schedule in the PDSCH.
• the DL data packet may be transmitted in the form of a transport block (TB). If the UE 115 receives the DL data packet successfully, the UE 115 may transmit a HARQ ACK to the BS 105.
• TB transport block
• the UE 115 may transmit a HARQ NACK to the BS 105.
• the BS 105 may retransmit the DL data packet to the UE 115.
• the retransmission may include the same coded version of DL data as the initial transmission.
• the retransmission may include a different coded version of the DL data than the initial transmission.
• the UE 115 may apply soft-combining to combine the encoded data received from the initial transmission and the retransmission for decoding.
• the BS 105 and the UE 115 may also apply HARQ for UL communications using substantially similar mechanisms as the DL HARQ.
• the network 100 may operate over a system BW or a component carrier (CC) BW.
• the network 100 may partition the system BW into multiple BWPs (e.g., portions).
• a BS 105 may dynamically assign a UE 115 to operate over a certain BWP (e.g., a certain portion of the system BW).
• the assigned BWP may be referred to as the active BWP.
• the UE 115 may monitor the active BWP for signaling information from the BS 105.
• the BS 105 may schedule the UE 115 for UL or DL communications in the active BWP.
• a BS 105 may assign a pair of BWPs within the CC to a UE 1 15 for UL and DL communications.
• the BWP pair may include one BWP for UL communications and one BWP for DL communications.
• the network 100 may operate over a shared channel, which may include shared frequency bands and/or unlicensed frequency bands.
• the network 100 may be an NR-U network operating over an unlicensed frequency band.
• the BSs 105 and the UEs 115 may be operated by multiple network operating entities.
• the BSs 105 and the UEs 115 may employ a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure to monitor for transmission opportunities (TXOPs) in the shared channel.
• LBT listen-before-talk
• TXOPs transmission opportunities
• a TXOP may also be referred to as COT.
• a transmitting node e.g., a BS 105 or a UE 115
• An LBT can be based on energy detection (ED) or signal detection.
• ED energy detection
• the LBT results in a pass when signal energy measured from the channel is below a threshold. Conversely, the LBT results in a failure when signal energy measured from the channel exceeds the threshold.
• the LBT results in a pass when a channel reservation signal (e.g., a predetermined preamble signal) is not detected in the channel.
• a channel reservation signal e.g., a predetermined preamble signal
• an LBT may be in a variety of modes.
• An LBT mode may be, for example, a category 4 (CAT4) LBT, a category 2 (CAT2) LBT, or a category 1 (CAT1) LBT.
• a CAT1 LBT is referred to a no LBT mode, where no LBT is to be performed prior to a transmission.
• a CAT2 LBT refers to an LBT without a random backoff period.
• a transmitting node may determine a channel measurement in a time interval and determine whether the channel is available or not based on a comparison of the channel measurement against a ED threshold.
• a CAT4 LBT refers to an LBT with a random backoff and a variable contention window (CW). For instance, a transmitting node may draw a random number and backoff for a duration based on the drawn random number in a certain time unit.
• the network 100 may support sidelink communication among the UEs 115 over a shared radio frequency band (e.g., in a shared spectrum or an unlicensed spectrum).
• the UEs 115 may communicate with each other over a 2.4 GHz unlicensed band, which may be shared by multiple network operating entities using various radio access technologies (RATs) such as NR-U, WiFi, and/or licensed-assisted access (LAA) as shown in FIG. 2.
• RATs radio access technologies
• FIG. IB shows a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station 102 architecture.
• the disaggregated base station 102 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 150 that can communicate directly with a core network 104 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 104 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near- RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a Non- Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 145 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 135, or both).
• a CU 150 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 130 via respective midhaul links, such as an Fl interface.
• the DUs 130 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 140 via respective fronthaul links.
• the RUs 140 may communicate with respective UEs 120 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links.
• the UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 140.
• RF radio frequency
• Each of the units may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
• Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of the units can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium.
• the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
• the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a RF transceiver), configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
• the CU 150 may host one or more higher layer control functions.
• control functions can include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), or the like.
• RRC radio resource control
• PDCP packet data convergence protocol
• SDAP service data adaptation protocol
• Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 150.
• the CU 150 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit - User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit - Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof.
• the CU 150 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units.
• the CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the El interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration.
• the CU 150 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 130, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
• the DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 140.
• the DU 130 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
• RLC radio link control
• MAC medium access control
• PHY high physical
• the DU 130 may further host one or more low PHY layers.
• Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 130, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 150.
• Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 140.
• an RU 140 controlled by a DU 130, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (EFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like), or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split.
• the RU(s) 140 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs.
• OTA over the air
• real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU(s) 140 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 130.
• this configuration can enable the DU(s) 130 and the CU 150 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
• the SMO Framework 135 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non- virtualized and virtualized network elements.
• the SMO Framework 135 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an 01 interface).
• the SMO Framework 135 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an 02 interface).
• a cloud computing platform such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 190
• network element life cycle management such as to instantiate virtualized network elements
• Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 150, DUs 130, RUs 140 and Near-RT RICs 125.
• the SMO Framework 135 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 111, via an 01 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 135 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via an 01 interface.
• the SMO Framework 135 also may include a Non-RT RIC 145 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 135. [0082]
• the Non-RT RIC 145 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real- time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications/features in the Near-RT RIC 125.
• AI/ML Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning
• the Non-RT RIC 145 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an Al interface) the Near-RT RIC 125.
• the Near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 150, one or more DUs 130, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 125.
• the Non-RT RIC 145 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 125 and may be received at the SMO Framework 135 or the Non-RT RIC 145 from non-network data sources or from network functions.
• the Non-RT RIC 145 or the Near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance.
• the Non-RT RIC 145 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI/ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 135 (such as reconfiguration via 01) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as Al policies).
• FIG. 2 illustrates a wireless communication network 200 that provisions for user equipment reporting according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• the network 200 may correspond to a portion of the network 100.
• FIG. 2 illustrates two BSs 205 (shown as 205a and 205b) and six UEs 215 (shown as 215al, 215a2, 215a3, 215a4, 215bl, and 215b2) for purposes of simplicity of discussion, though it will be recognized that embodiments of the present disclosure may scale to any suitable number of UEs 215 (e.g., the about 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 or more) and/or BSs 205 (e.g., the about 1, 3 or more).
• UEs 215 e.g., the about 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 or more
• BSs 205 e.g., the about 1, 3 or more
• the BS 205 and the UEs 215 may be similar to the BSs 105 and the UEs 115, respectively.
• the BSs 205 and the UEs 215 may share the same radio frequency band for communications.
• the radio frequency band may be a 2.4 GHz unlicensed band, a 5 GHz unlicensed band, or a 6 GHz unlicensed band.
• the shared radio frequency band may be at any suitable frequency.
• the BS 205a and the UEs 215al-215a4 may be operated by a first network operating entity.
• the BS 205b and the UEs 215bl-215b2 may be operated by a second network operating entity.
• the first network operating entity may utilize a same RAT as the second network operating entity.
• the BS 205a and the UEs 215al-215a4 of the first network operating entity and the BS 205b and the UEs 215bl-215b2 of the second network operating entity are NR-U devices.
• the first network operating entity may utilize a different RAT than the second network operating entity.
• the BS 205a and the UEs 215al-215a4 of the first network operating entity may utilize NR-U technology while the BS 205b and the UEs 215bl- 215b2 of the second network operating entity may utilize WiFi or LAA technology.
• some of the UEs 215al-215a4 may communicate with each other in peer-to-peer communications.
• the UE 215al may communicate with the UE 215a2 over a sidelink 252
• the UE 215a3 may communicate with the UE 215a4 over another sidelink 251
• the UE 215bl may communicate with the UE 215b2 over yet another sidelink 254.
• the sidelinks 251, 252, and 254 are unicast bidirectional links.
• Some of the UEs 215 may also communicate with the BS 205a or the BS 205b in a UL direction and/or a DL direction via communication links 253.
• the UE 215al, 215a3, and 215a4 are within a coverage area 210 of the BS 205a, and thus may be in communication with the BS 205a.
• the UE 215a2 is outside the coverage area 210, and thus may not be in direct communication with the BS 205a.
• the UE 215al may operate as a relay for the UE 215a2 to reach the BS 205a.
• the UE 215bl is within a coverage area 212 of the BS 205b, and thus may be in communication with the BS 205b and may operate as a relay for the UE 215b2 to reach the BS 205b.
• some of the UEs 215 are associated with vehicles (e.g., similar to the UEs 115i-k) and the communications over the sidelinks 251, 252, and 254 may be C-V2X communications.
• C-V2X communications may refer to communications between vehicles and any other wireless communication devices in a cellular network.
• FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 300 that supports a handover mechanism and a primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) change in wireless communications according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• wireless communications system 300 may implement aspects of wireless communications system 100.
• wireless communications system 300 may implement aspects of wireless communications system 100.
• the wireless communications system 300 may include a first base station 105A, a second base station 105B, a third base station 105C, a fourth base station 105D, and UE 115B, which may be examples of a base station 105 and a UE 115, as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
• the BSs 105 may be referred to as network nodes.
• First base station 105A may be a source base station 105 and the second base station 105B may be a target base station 105 in a handover 315 of the UE 115B from the first base station 105A to the second base station 105B.
• First base station 105A and second base station 105B may be in communication with each other, such as via backhaul link 134 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or other interface), which may be a wired or wireless interface.
• backhaul link 134 e.g., via an X2, Xn, or other interface
• FIG. 3 shows the first base station 105A in direct communication with the second base station 105B, in other cases the communication may be indirect, such as via a core network (e.g., core network 130 or FIG. 1).
• the UE 115B and the first base station 105 A may establish a first connection 305.
• the UE 11 B may establish a second connection 310 with the second base station 105B
• the third base station 105B may be a source base station 105 for a secondary cell and the fourth base station 105D may be a target base station 105 for the secondary cell in a PSCell change 330 of the UE 115B from the third base station 105C to the fourth base station 105D.
• Third base station 105C and fourth base station 105D may be in communication with each other, such as via backhaul link 136 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or other interface), which may be a wired or wireless interface. While the example of FIG.
• the third base station 105C in direct communication with the fourth base station 105D, in other cases the communication may be indirect, such as via a core network (e.g., core network 130 or FIG. 1).
• the UE 115B and the third base station 105C may establish a first PScell connection 320.
• the UE 115B may establish a second connection 325 with the fourth base station 105D.
• Various techniques as discussed herein provide for efficient handovers and PScell changes including mechanisms for initiating, configuring, and reporting PScell changes.
• FIG. 4 is a signaling diagram illustrating a PScell change procedure 400 facilitated or otherwise controlled by a master node (MN) according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• the PScell change procedure 400 may include a master node (MN) 105 A, a source secondary node (S-SN) 105C, a target SN (T-SN) 105D, a UE 115, which may be examples of the corresponding devices described with reference to FIGS. 1A- 2.
• the PScell change procedure 400 may implement aspects of the wireless communications system 100 and 200.
• the MN 105 A, the S-SN 105C, the T-SN 105D, and the UE 115 may support a PScell change procedure in which the MN configures the UE 115 to determine a successful PScell change and/or for PScell change reporting.
• the PScell change procedure 400 includes a number of enumerated steps, but embodiments of the PScell change procedure 400 may include additional steps before, after, and in between the enumerated steps. In some embodiments, one or more of the enumerated steps may be omitted or performed in a different order.
• a master node (MN) 105A transmits a secondary node (SN) addition request to a target SN (T-SN) 105D.
• transmitting the SN addition request may comprise transmitting an Xn message or signal indicating the SN addition request.
• the SN addition request message may provide or indicate RRC and/or data radio bearer (DRB) configuration information for changing the SN.
• the MN may transmit the SN addition request based on one or more reports and/or measurements obtained by the UE 115.
• the UE 115 may obtain one or more channel measurements of a primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) facilitated by the source secondary node (S-SN) 105C.
• PScell primary secondary cell group cell
• S-SN source secondary node
• the UE 115 may transmit, to the MN 105 A, S-SN 105C, and/or any other network node or device, a report indicating the channel measurements.
• the UE 115 may transmit, to the MN 105A and/or to the S- SN 105C, a channel state information (CSI) report based on the channel measurements.
• CSI channel state information
• a network node such as the MN 105 A, may determine to perform a PScell change based on the report.
• the T-SN 105D transmits, to the MN 105 A, a SN addition acknowledgement.
• the SN addition acknowledgement may comprise an Xn message.
• the SN addition acknowledgement may include information for allocating resources, providing SCG resource configuration, and/or for providing any other suitable information.
• the MN 105A transmits, to the S-SN 105C, a SN release request requesting that the S-SN 105C release or discontinue communications with the UE 115.
• the SN release request may comprise an Xn message.
• the S-SN 105C transmits, to the MN 105 A, a SN release request acknowledgement based on the SN release request.
• the SN release request acknowledgement may comprise an Xn message.
• the MN 105A transmits, to the UE 115, a RRCReconfiguration message.
• the RRCReconfiguration message may comprise or indicate a successful PScell change (SPC) configuration.
• the SPC configuration may comprise a SPC-Config.
• the SPC-Config may include or indicate information for the PScell change.
• the SPC configuration may indicate one or more trigger events and/or conditions to determine whether the PScell change is successful.
• the SPC configuration may include or indicate one or more timer values or other thresholds that the UE 115 may use to determine whether the PScell change is successful.
• the SPC configuration may include at least one of a T304 threshold, a T310 threshold, and/or a T312 threshold.
• the MN 105A may configure the SPC configuration autonomously.
• the SPC configuration may be configured and/or determined by one or more other network nodes, such as the S-SN 105C and/or the T-SN 105D.
• the UE 115 determines that one or more trigger conditions have been met for the PScell change based on the SPC configuration transmitted at step 425.
• the conditions may be based on timer values or thresholds indicated in the SPC configuration.
• the UE 1 15 may determine that the PScell change is successful based on one or more of a T304 threshold, a T310 threshold, and/or a T312 threshold.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the MN 105A based on the SPC configuration and the determination of step 430, a RRC Reconfiguration Complete message.
• the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message may include or indicate that successful PScell change information is available.
• the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message may include or indicate a successPSCellChange-InfoAvailable field or flag indicating to the network that that the successful PScell change information is available.
• the successful PScell change information may include transmitting a UCI to the MN 105A indicating that the successful PScell change information is available.
• the successful PScell change information may be carried and/or indicated in a RRC message and/or a media access control-control element (MAC-CE).
• MAC-CE media access control-control element
• the MN 105A transmits, to the T-SN 105D, a SN Reconfiguration complete message.
• the SN Reconfiguration complete message includes transmitting an Xn message including or indicating the SN Reconfiguration complete message.
• the MN 105A transmits, to the UE 115 based on the indication that PScell change information is available, an information request.
• the information request may include a UEInformationRequest message including or indicating a SPC report request.
• the UEInformationRequest message may comprise a RRC message or IE.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the MN 105 A, a UE information response or report based on the information request transmitted at step 440.
• the UE information response includes a UElnformationResponse message including or indicating a SPC report.
• the SPC report may comprise information associated with the PScell change.
• the SPC report may indicate one or more conditional events or triggers detected by the UE that indicate a successful PScell change.
• the UElnformationResponse message may comprise a RRC message or IE.
• the MN 105A performs one or more network optimizations. For example, in some aspects, the MN 105A may update one or more timer thresholds associated with radio link monitoring (RLM) and/or beam failure detection (BFD) of a MCG and/or SCG. In another aspect, the MN 105A may detect near failure scenarios during a successful PScell change and/or a successful handover (HO).
• RLM radio link monitoring
• BFD beam failure detection
• the MN 105A may detect near failure scenarios during a successful PScell change and/or a successful handover (HO).
• FIG. 5 is a signaling diagram illustrating a PScell change procedure 500 facilitated, initiated, and/ or otherwise controlled by a SN according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• the PScell change procedure 500 may include a MN 105 A, a S-SN 105C, a T-SN 105D, a UE 115, which may be examples of the corresponding devices described with reference to FIGS. 1 A-2.
• the PScell change procedure 500 may implement aspects of the wireless communications system 100 and 200.
• the MN 105A, the S-SN 105C, the T-SN 105D, and the UE 115 may support a PScell change procedure in which the SN initiates a PScell change and is at least partially involved in the configuration of the UE 115 to determine a successful PScell change and/or for PScell change reporting.
• the PScell change procedure 500 includes a number of enumerated steps, but embodiments of the PS cell change procedure 500 may include additional steps before, after, and in between the enumerated steps. In some embodiments, one or more of the enumerated steps may be omitted or performed in a different order.
• the operations between the MN 105A, S-SN 105C, the T-SN 105D, and/or the UE 115 may be transmitted in a different order or at different times than the exemplary order shown. Certain operations may also be left out of the PS cell change procedure 500, or other operations may be added to the PScell change procedure 500.
• a S-SN 105C transmits, and a MN 105A receives, a SN change required message causing the MN 105A to proceed with an SN addition, release, or other SN modification.
• the SN change required message may include or indicate one or more SPC configuration parameters.
• the SN change required message may comprise a first portion of the SPC configuration.
• the S-SN 105C may determine and indicate in the SN change required message, at least one timer value or threshold.
• the S-SN 105C may determine and indicate in the SN change required message at least one of a T310 timer value or threshold, and/or a T312 timer value or threshold.
• a MN 105A transmits, based on the SN change required message received from the S-SN 105C, a SN addition request to a T-SN 105D.
• transmitting the SN addition request may comprise transmitting an Xn message or signal indicating the SN addition request.
• the SN addition request message may provide or indicate RRC and/or data radio bearer (DRB) configuration information for changing the SN.
• the MN may transmit the SN addition request based on one or more reports and/or measurements obtained by the UE 115. In this regard, the UE 115 may obtain one or more channel measurements of a primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) facilitated by the S-SN 105C.
• PScell primary secondary cell group cell
• the UE 115 may transmit, to the MN 105 A, S-SN 105C, and/or any other network node or device, a report indicating the channel measurements. For example, the UE 115 may transmit, to the MN 105 A and/or to the S-SN 105C, a channel state information (CSI) report based on the channel measurements.
• CSI channel state information
• the T-SN 105D transmits, to the MN 105 A, a SN addition acknowledgement.
• the SN addition acknowledgement may comprise an Xn message.
• the SN addition acknowledgement may include information for allocating resources, providing SCG resource configuration, and/or for providing any other suitable information.
• the SN addition acknowledge message may include one or more SPC configuration parameters.
• the PSC configuration may include a second portion of a SPC configuration.
• the SN addition request acknowledgement message may include or indicate a T304 time value or threshold.
• the MN 105A transmits, to the UE 115, a RRCReconfiguration message.
• the RRCReconfiguration message may comprise or indicate SPC configuration.
• the SPC configuration may comprise a SPC-Config.
• the SPC-Config may include or indicate information for the PScell change.
• the SPC configuration may indicate a combination of SPC configuration parameters determined by the S-SN 105C and/or the T-SN 105D and indicated by the SN change required message transmitted at step 505 and/or the SN addition request acknowledgement message transmitted at step 515.
• the MN 105A may determine one or more additional SPC configuration parameters to include in the SPC-Config. Accordingly, the MN 105 A may combine or aggregate the different portions of the SPC configuration from the S-SN 105C and/or the T-SN 105D as well as any SPC configuration parameters determined by the MN 105A for the SPC-Config.
• the UE 115 determines that one or more trigger conditions have been met for the PScell change based on the SPC configuration transmitted at step 520.
• the conditions may be based on timer values or thresholds indicated in the SPC configuration.
• the UE 115 may determine that the PScell change is successful based on one or more of a T304 threshold, a T310 threshold, and/or a T312 threshold.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the MN 105A based on the SPC configuration and the determination of step 525, a RRC Reconfiguration Complete message.
• the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message may include or indicate that successful PScell change information is available.
• the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message may include or indicate a successPSCellChange-InfoAvailable field or flag indicating to the network that that the successful PScell change information is available.
• the successful PS cell change information may include transmitting a UCI to the MN 105A indicating that the successful PScell change information is available.
• the successful PScell change information may be carried and/or indicated in a RRC message and/or a media access control-control element (MAC-CE).
• MAC-CE media access control-control element
• the MN transmits, to the S-SN 105C, a SN change confirmation.
• the SN change confirmation comprises an Xn message.
• the MN 105A transmits, to the T-SN 105D, a SN Reconfiguration complete message.
• the transmitting SN Reconfiguration complete message includes transmitting an Xn message including or indicating the SN Reconfiguration complete message.
• the MN 105A transmits, to the UE 115 based on the indication that PScell change information is available, an information request.
• the information request may include a UEInformationRequest message including or indicating a SPC report request.
• the UEInformationRequest message may comprise a RRC message or IE.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the MN 105 A, a UE information response or report based on the information request transmitted at step 540.
• the UE information response includes a UEInformationResponse message including or indicating a SPC report.
• the SPC report may comprise information associated with the PScell change.
• the UEInformationResponse message may comprise a RRC message or IE.
• step 555 the MN 105A transmits or forwards the SPC report included in the UE Information Response to the S-SN 105C.
• step 555 may comprise transmitting a Xn message indicating one or more of the parameters of the SPC report included in the UE information response transmitted at step 550.
• the MN 105A performs one or more network optimizations. For example, in some aspects, the MN 105A may update one or more timer thresholds associated with radio link monitoring (RLM) and/or beam failure detection (BFD) of a MCG and/or SCG. In another aspect, the MN 105A may detect near failure scenarios during a successful PScell change and/or a successful handover (HO).
• RLM radio link monitoring
• BFD beam failure detection
• the MN 105A may detect near failure scenarios during a successful PScell change and/or a successful handover (HO).
• FIG. 6 is a signaling diagram illustrating a PScell change procedure 600 facilitated or otherwise controlled by a MN according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• the PScell change procedure 600 may include a MN 105 A, a S-SN 105C, a T-SN 105D, a UE 115, which may be examples of the corresponding devices described with reference to FIGS. 1A-2.
• the PScell change procedure 600 may implement aspects of the wireless communications system 100 and 200.
• the MN 105A, the S-SN 105C, the T-SN 105D, and the UE 115 may support a PScell change procedure in which the MN configures the UE 115 to determine a successful PScell change and/or for PScell change reporting.
• the PScell change procedure 600 includes a number of enumerated steps, but embodiments of the PScell change procedure 600 may include additional steps before, after, and in between the enumerated steps. In some embodiments, one or more of the enumerated steps may be omitted or performed in a different order.
• the operations between the MN 105 A, S-SN 105C, the T-SN 105D, and/or the UE 1 1 may be transmitted in a different order or at different times than the exemplary order shown. Certain operations may also be left out of the PScell change procedure 600, or other operations may be added to the PScell change procedure 600.
• a MN 105A transmits a SN addition request to a T-SN 105D.
• transmitting the SN addition request may comprise transmitting an Xn message or signal indicating the SN addition request.
• the SN addition request message may provide or indicate RRC and/or data radio bearer (DRB) configuration information for changing the SN.
• the MN may transmit the SN addition request based on one or more reports and/or measurements obtained by the UE 115. In this regard, the UE 115 may obtain one or more channel measurements of a primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) facilitated by the S-SN 105C.
• PScell primary secondary cell group cell
• the UE 115 may transmit, to the MN 105 A, S-SN 105C, and/or any other network node or device, a report indicating the channel measurements. For example, the UE 115 may transmit, to the MN 105 A and/or to the S-SN 105C, a channel state information (CSI) report based on the channel measurements.
• CSI channel state information
• the T-SN 105D transmits, to the MN 105 A, a SN addition acknowledgement.
• the SN addition acknowledgement may comprise an Xn message.
• the SN addition acknowledgement may include information for allocating resources, providing SCG resource configuration, and/or for providing any other suitable information.
• the MN 105A transmits, to the S-SN 105C, a SN release request requesting that the S-SN 105C release or discontinue communications with the UE 115.
• the SN release request may comprise an Xn message.
• the S-SN 105C transmits, to the MN 105 A, a SN release request acknowledgement based on the SN release request.
• the SN release request acknowledgement may comprise an Xn message.
• the MN 105A transmits, to the UE 115, a RRCReconfiguration message.
• the RRCReconfiguration message may comprise or indicate a successful PScell change (SPC) configuration.
• the SPC configuration may comprise a SPC-Config.
• the SPC-Config may include or indicate information for the PScell change.
• the SPC configuration may indicate one or more trigger events and/or conditions to determine whether the PScell change is successful.
• the SPC configuration may include or indicate one or more timer values or other thresholds that the UE 115 may use to determine whether the PScell change is successful.
• the SPC configuration may include at least one of a T304 threshold, a T 10 threshold, and/or a T 12 threshold.
• the MN 105A may configure the SPC configuration autonomously.
• the SPC configuration may be configured and/or determined by one or more other network nodes, such as the S-SN 105C and/or the T-SN 105D.
• the UE 115 determines that one or more trigger conditions have been met for the PScell change based on the SPC configuration transmitted at step 625.
• the conditions may be based on timer values or thresholds indicated in the SPC configuration.
• the UE 115 may determine that the PScell change is successful based on one or more of a T304 threshold, a T310 threshold, and/or a T312 threshold.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the MN 105A based on the SPC configuration and the determination of step 630, a RRC Reconfiguration Complete message.
• the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message may include or indicate that successful PScell change information is available.
• the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message may include or indicate a successPSCellChange-InfoAvailable field or flag indicating to the network that that the successful PScell change information is available.
• the successful PS cell change information may include transmitting a UCI to the MN 105A indicating that the successful PScell change information is available.
• the successful PScell change information may be carried and/or indicated in a RRC message and/or a media access control-control element (MAC-CE).
• MAC-CE media access control-control element
• the MN 105A transmits, to the T-SN 105D, a SN Reconfiguration complete message.
• the SN Reconfiguration complete message includes transmitting an Xn message including or indicating the SN Reconfiguration complete message.
• the UE 115 determines or detects a SCG failure at the T-SN.
• the SCG failure may occur before the PScell change has completed.
• detecting the SCG failure may comprise determining that one or more signals or messages were not successfully received.
• determining the SCG failure may comprise determining or detecting a radio link failure, a failure of SCG reconfiguration, a SCG integrity failure, exceeding a maximum uplink transmission timing difference, a random access failure, and/or any other suitable method of detecting a SCG failure.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the MN 105 A, SCG failure information.
• the SCG failure information includes or indicates information associated with the SCG failure, such as the failure type or the condition that resulted in the SCG failure.
• the failure type may include an expiration of a T310 timer, a random access problem, a sync reconfiguration failure, a SRB3 integrity failure, and/or any other relevant failure type.
• the network may use the SCG failure information to modify or update subsequent SCG configurations.
• the MN 105A transmits, to the UE 115 based on the SCG failure information transmitted at step 650, an information request.
• the information request may include a UEInformationRequest message including or indicating a SPC report request.
• the UEInformationRequest message may comprise a RRC message or IE.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the MN 105 A, a UE information response or report based on the information request transmitted at step 640.
• the UE information response includes a UEInformationResponse message including or indicating a SPC report.
• the SPC report may comprise information associated with the PScell change.
• the UEInformationResponse message may comprise a RRC message or IE.
• the MN 105A performs one or more network optimizations as explained above.
• the MN may correlate information from the SPC report and the SCG failure information, and use the correlated information to perform the network optimizations.
• the MN 105A may correlate the SPC report and the SCG failure information based on UE context associated with the SPC report and the SCG failure information. In other instances, the UE context may not be available. For example, the MN 105A may periodically delete the UE context such that the SPC report and the SCG failure information may not be correlated by UE context.
• the MN 105A may be configured to correlate the SPC report and the SCG failure information based on one or more other identifiers or indicators in at least one of the SPC report and/or the SCG failure information.
• the SCG failure information may include a SPC report indicator indicating that the SPC report has been sent to the network for the handover and/or SN change.
• the SCG failure information may include a SPC Report indicator indicating that there is an SPC report associated with the handover.
• the SPC report and the SCG failure information may include or indicate a same C-RNTI.
• the MN 105A may correlate the SCG failure information and the SPC report based on their associated timestamps. For example, the MN 105A may determine that the SPC report is correlated with SCG failure information that is received within a time threshold of the SPC report.
• the MN 105A may merge the SPC report with the SCG failure information if the SPC report has not been sent by the time the SCG failure information is generated. In another aspect, the MN 105A may merge the SCG failure information with the SPC report if the SCG failure information has not been sent by the time the SPC report is generated. In another aspect, if the SCG failure occurs within a certain time window after the generation of the SPC report, the MN 105A may discard the SPC report. Tn another aspect, the UE 1 15 may add a tag or reference indicator to the SPC report and to the SCG failure information. The reference indicator may be used to correlate the SPC report and the SCG failure information.
• FIG. 7 is a signaling diagram illustrating a PScell change procedure 700 facilitated or otherwise controlled by a MN according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• the PScell change procedure 700 may include a first MN 105A, a second MN 105B, a S-SN 105C, a T-SN 105D, a UE 115, which may be examples of the corresponding devices described with reference to FIGS. 1A-2.
• the PScell change procedure 700 may implement aspects of the wireless communications system 100 and 200.
• the first MN 105A, the S-SN 105C, the T-SN 105D, and the UE 115 may support a PScell change procedure in which the MN configures the UE 115 to determine a successful PScell change and/or for PScell change reporting.
• the PScell change procedure 700 includes a number of enumerated steps, but embodiments of the PScell change procedure 700 may include additional steps before, after, and in between the enumerated steps. In some embodiments, one or more of the enumerated steps may be omitted or performed in a different order.
• the operations between the first MN 105 A, S-SN 105C, the T-SN 105D, and/or the UE 115 may be transmitted in a different order or at different times than the exemplary order shown. Certain operations may also be left out of the PScell change procedure 700, or other operations may be added to the PScell change procedure 700.
• a MN 105A transmits a SN addition request to a T-SN 105D.
• transmitting the SN addition request may comprise transmitting an Xn message or signal indicating the SN addition request.
• the SN addition request message may provide or indicate RRC and/or data radio bearer (DRB) configuration information for changing the SN.
• the MN may transmit the SN addition request based on one or more reports and/or measurements obtained by the UE 115. In this regard, the UE 115 may obtain one or more channel measurements of a primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) facilitated by the S-SN 105C.
• PScell primary secondary cell group cell
• the UE 115 may transmit, to the first MN 105 A, S-SN 105C, and/or any other network node or device, a report indicating the channel measurements. For example, the UE 115 may transmit, to the first MN 105A and/or to the S-SN 105C, a channel state information (CSI) report based on the channel measurements.
• a network node such as the first MN 105 A, may determine to perform a PScell change based on the report.
• the T-SN 105D transmits, to the first MN 105A, a SN addition acknowledgement.
• the SN addition acknowledgement may comprise an Xn message.
• the SN addition acknowledgement may include information for allocating resources, providing SCG resource configuration, and/or for providing any other suitable information.
• the first MN 105A transmits, to the S-SN 105C, a SN release request requesting that the S-SN 105C release or discontinue communications with the UE 115.
• the SN release request may comprise an Xn message.
• the S-SN 105C transmits, to the first MN 105 A, a SN release request acknowledgement based on the SN release request.
• the SN release request acknowledgement may comprise an Xn message.
• the SPC configuration may include at least one of a T304 threshold, a T310 threshold, and/or a T312 threshold.
• the first MN 105A may configure the SPC configuration autonomously.
• the SPC configuration may be configured and/or determined by one or more other network nodes, such as the S-SN 105C and/or the T-SN 105D.
• the UE 115 determines that one or more trigger conditions have been met for the PScell change based on the SPC configuration transmitted at step 725.
• the conditions may be based on timer values or thresholds indicated in the SPC configuration.
• the UE 115 may determine that the PScell change is successful based on one or more of a T304 threshold, a T310 threshold, and/or a T312 threshold.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the first MN 105A based on the SPC configuration and the determination of step 730, a RRC Reconfiguration Complete message.
• the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message may include or indicate that successful PScell change information is available.
• the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message may include or indicate a successPSCellChange-InfoAvailable field or flag indicating to the network that that the successful PScell change information is available.
• the successful PScell change information may include transmitting a UCI to the first MN 105A indicating that the successful PScell change information is available.
• the successful PScell change information may be carried and/or indicated in a RRC message and/or a media access control-control element (MAC-CE).
• MAC-CE media access control-control element
• the first MN 105A transmits, to the T-SN 105D, a SN Reconfiguration complete message.
• the SN Reconfiguration complete message includes transmitting an Xn message including or indicating the SN Reconfiguration complete message.
• the UE 115 determines or detects a SCG failure at the T-SN.
• the SCG failure may occur before the PScell change has completed.
• detecting the SCG failure may comprise determining that one or more signals or messages were not successfully received.
• determining the SCG failure may comprise determining or detecting a radio link failure, a failure of SCG reconfiguration, a SCG integrity failure, exceeding a maximum uplink transmission timing difference, a random access failure, and/or any other suitable method of detecting a SCG failure.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the first MN 105A, SCG failure information.
• the SCG failure information includes or indicates information associated with the SCG failure, such as the failure type or the condition that resulted in the SCG failure.
• the failure type may include an expiration of a T310 timer, a random access problem, a sync reconfiguration failure, a SRB3 integrity failure, and/or any other relevant failure type.
• the network may use the SCG failure information to modify or update subsequent SCG configurations.
• the first MN 105A stores at least a portion of the SCG failure information.
• the at SCG failure information may be indicated in a SCG failure report.
• the SCG failure information may include one or more trigger events or conditions associated with a SCG failure.
• performing the HO may include transmitting a RRC reconfiguration message including a handover command instructing the UE 115 to handover from the first MN 105A to the second MN 105B, in which a handover execution phase begins.
• the handover command may include information associated with the second MN 105B, for example, a random access channel (RACH) preamble assignment for accessing the second MN 105B.
• RACH random access channel
• the UE 115 may execute the handover by performing a random access procedure with the second MN 105B.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the second MN 105B, an indication that a SPC report or SPC information is available.
• the second MN 105B transmits, to the UE 115 and based on receiving the indication that the SPC report is available, a UE information request.
• the information request may include a UEInformationRequest message including or indicating a SPC report request.
• the UEInformationRequest message may comprise a RRC message or IE.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the second MN 105B, a UE information response or report based on the information request transmitted at step 770.
• the UE information response includes a UEInformationResponse message including or indicating a SPC report.
• the SPC report may comprise information associated with the PScell change.
• the UEInformationResponse message may comprise a RRC message or IE.
• the second MN 105B transmits, to the first MN 105 A, the SPC report.
• the SPC report may include or indicate at least a portion of the SPC information included in the UE information response transmitted at step 775.
• the first MN 105A performs one or more network optimizations as explained above with respect to the procedures 400 and/or 500, for example.
• the first MN 105A may correlate information from the SPC report and the SCG failure information, and use the correlated information to perform the network optimizations.
• the first MN 105A may correlate the SPC report and the SCG failure information based on UE context associated with the SPC report and the SCG failure information. In other instances, the UE context may not be available. For example, the first MN 105 A may periodically delete the UE context such that the SPC report and the SCG failure information may not be correlated by UE context.
• the first MN 105A may be configured to correlate the SPC report and the SCG failure information based on one or more other identifiers or indicators in at least one of the SPC report and/or the SCG failure information.
• the SCG failure information may include a SPC report indicator indicating that the SPC report has been sent to the network for the handover and/or SN change.
• the SCG failure information may include a SPC Report indicator indicating that there is an SPC report associated with the handover.
• the SPC report and the SCG failure information may include or indicate a same C-RNTI.
• the first MN 105A may correlate the SCG failure information and the SPC report based on their associated timestamps. For example, the first MN 105A may determine that the SPC report is correlated with SCG failure information that is received within a time threshold of the SPC report.
• the first MN 105A may merge the SPC report with the SCG failure information if the SPC report has not been sent by the time the SCG failure information is generated. In another aspect, the first MN 105 A may merge the SCG failure information with the SPC report if the SCG failure information has not been sent by the time the SPC report is generated. In another aspect, if the SCG failure occurs within a certain time window after the generation of the SPC report, the first MN 105 A may discard the SPC report. In another aspect, the UE 115 may add a tag or reference indicator to the SPC report and to the SCG failure information. The reference indicator may be used to correlate the SPC report and the SCG failure information.
• FIG. 8 is a signaling diagram illustrating a PScell change procedure 800 facilitated, initiated, and/ or otherwise controlled by a SN according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• the PScell change procedure 800 may include a MN 105 A, a S-SN 105C, a T-SN 105D, a UE 115, which may be examples of the corresponding devices described with reference to FIGS. 1A-2.
• the PScell change procedure 800 may implement aspects of the wireless communications system 100 and 200.
• the MN 105A, the S-SN 105C, the T-SN 105D, and the UE 115 may support a PScell change procedure in which the SN initiates a PScell change and is at least partially involved in the configuration of the UE 115 to determine a successful PScell change and/or for PScell change reporting.
• the procedure 800 may further include mechanisms for reporting and correlating SCG failure information with SPC information.
• the PScell change procedure 800 includes a number of enumerated steps, but embodiments of the PScell change procedure 800 may include additional steps before, after, and in between the enumerated steps. In some embodiments, one or more of the enumerated steps may be omitted or performed in a different order.
• the operations between the MN 105 A, S-SN 105C, the T-SN 105D, and/or the UE 115 may be transmitted in a different order or at different times than the exemplary order shown. Certain operations may also be left out of the PScell change procedure 800, or other operations may be added to the PScell change procedure 800.
• a S-SN 105C transmits, and the first MN 105A receives, a SN change required message causing the MN 105A to proceed with an SN addition, release, or other SN modification.
• the SN change required message may include or indicate one or more SPC configuration parameters.
• the SN change required message may comprise a first portion of the SPC configuration.
• the S-SN 105C may determine and indicate in the SN change required message, at least one timer value or threshold.
• the S-SN 105C may determine and indicate in the SN change required message at least one of a T310 timer value or threshold, and/or a T312 timer value or threshold.
• the first MN 105A transmits, based on the SN change required message received from the S-SN 105C, a SN addition request to a T-SN 105D.
• transmitting the SN addition request may comprise transmitting an Xn message or signal indicating the SN addition request.
• the SN addition request message may provide or indicate RRC and/or data radio bearer (DRB) configuration information for changing the SN.
• the first MN 105A may transmit the SN addition request based on one or more reports and/or measurements obtained by the UE 115.
• the UE 115 may obtain one or more channel measurements of a primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) facilitated by the S-SN 105C.
• the UE 115 may transmit, to the first MN 105 A, S-SN 105C, and/or any other network node or device, a report indicating the channel measurements.
• the UE 115 may transmit, to the first MN 105A and/or to the S-SN 105C, a channel state information (CSI) report based on the channel measurements.
• CSI channel state information
• a network node, such as the first MN 105 A may determine to perform a PScell change based on the report.
• the T-SN 105D transmits, to the first MN 105A, a SN addition acknowledgement.
• the SN addition acknowledgement may comprise an Xn message.
• the SN addition acknowledgement may include information for allocating resources, providing SCG resource configuration, and/or for providing any other suitable information.
• the SN addition acknowledge message may include one or more SPC configuration parameters.
• the PSC configuration may include a second portion of a SPC configuration.
• the SN addition request acknowledgement message may include or indicate a T304 time value or threshold.
• the first MN 105A transmits, to the UE 115, a RRCReconfiguration message.
• the RRCReconfiguration message may comprise or indicate SPC configuration.
• the SPC configuration may comprise a SPC-Config.
• the SPC-Config may include or indicate information for the PScell change.
• the SPC configuration may indicate a combination of SPC configuration parameters determined by the S-SN 105C and/or the T-SN 105D and indicated by the SN change required message transmitted at step 805 and/or the SN addition request acknowledgement message transmitted at step 815.
• the first MN 105 A may determine one or more additional SPC configuration parameters to include in the SPC-Config.
• the first MN 105 A may combine or aggregate the different portions of the SPC configuration from the S-SN 105C and/or the T-SN 105D as well as any SPC configuration parameters determined by the first MN 105A for the SPC-Config.
• the UE 115 determines that one or more trigger conditions have been met for the PScell change based on the SPC configuration transmitted at step 825.
• the conditions may be based on timer values or thresholds indicated in the SPC configuration.
• the UE 1 15 may determine that the PScell change is successful based on one or more of a T304 threshold, a T310 threshold, and/or a T312 threshold.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the first MN 105A based on the SPC configuration and the determination of step 825, a RRC Reconfiguration Complete message.
• the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message may include or indicate that successful PScell change information is available.
• the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message may include or indicate a successPSCellChange-InfoAvailable field or flag indicating to the network that that the successful PScell change information is available.
• the successful PScell change information may include transmitting a UCI to the first MN 105A indicating that the successful PScell change information is available.
• the successful PScell change information may be carried and/or indicated in a RRC message and/or a media access control-control element (MAC-CE).
• MAC-CE media access control-control element
• the first MN 105A transmits, to the S-SN 105C, a SN change confirmation.
• the SN change confirmation comprises an Xn message.
• the first MN 105A transmits, to the T-SN 105D, a SN Reconfiguration complete message.
• the transmitting SN Reconfiguration complete message includes transmitting an Xn message including or indicating the SN Reconfiguration complete message.
• the UE 115 determines or detects a SCG failure at the T-SN.
• the SCG failure may occur before the PScell change has completed.
• detecting the SCG failure may comprise determining that one or more signals or messages were not successfully received.
• determining the SCG failure may comprise determining or detecting a radio link failure, a failure of SCG reconfiguration, a SCG integrity failure, exceeding a maximum uplink transmission timing difference, a random access failure, and/or any other suitable method of detecting a SCG failure.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the first MN 105A, SCG failure information.
• the SCG failure information includes or indicates information associated with the SCG failure, such as the failure type or the condition that resulted in the SCG failure.
• the failure type may include an expiration of a T310 timer, a random access problem, a sync reconfiguration failure, a SRB3 integrity failure, and/or any other relevant failure type.
• the network may use the SCG failure information to modify or update subsequent SCG configurations.
• the first MN 105 A transmits a SCG failure report to the S-SN 105C.
• the SCG failure report transmitted at step 855 comprises an Xn message indicating the SCG failure information transmitted at step 850.
• the first MN 105 A transmits, to the UE 115 based on the SCG failure information transmitted at step 850, an information request.
• the information request may include a UEInformationRequest message including or indicating a SPC report request.
• the UEInformationRequest message may comprise a RRC message or IE.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the first MN 105 A, a UE information response or report based on the information request transmitted at step 860.
• the UE information response includes a UEInformationResponse message including or indicating a SPC report.
• the SPC report may comprise information associated with the PScell change.
• the UEInformationResponse message may comprise a RRC message or IE.
• the first MN 105A transmits, to the S-SN 105C, a SPC report.
• the SPC report may include a Xn message indicating the SPC information transmitted at step 865.
• the MN 105A performs one or more network optimizations.
• the S-SN 105C may correlate information from the SPC report and the SCG failure information, and use the correlated information to perform the network optimizations.
• the S-SN 105C may correlate the SPC report and the SCG failure information based on UE context associated with the SPC report and the SCG failure information. In other instances, the UE context may not be available. For example, the S-SN 105C may periodically delete the UE context such that the SPC report and the SCG failure information may not be correlated by UE context.
• the S-SN 105C may be configured to correlate the SPC report and the SCG failure information based on one or more other identifiers or indicators in at least one of the SPC report and/or the SCG failure information.
• the SCG failure information may include a SPC report indicator indicating that the SPC report has been sent to the network for the handover and/or SN change.
• the SCG failure information may include a SPC Report indicator indicating that there is an SPC report associated with the handover.
• the SPC report and the SCG failure information may include or indicate a same C-RNTI.
• the S-SN 105C may correlate the SCG failure information and the SPC report based on their associated timestamps. For example, the S-SN 105C may determine that the SPC report is correlated with SCG failure information that is received within a time threshold of the SPC report.
• the S-SN 105C may merge the SPC report with the SCG failure information if the SPC report has not been sent hy the time the SCG failure information is generated. In another aspect, the S-SN 105C may merge the SCG failure information with the SPC report if the SCG failure information has not been sent by the time the SPC report is generated. In another aspect, if the SCG failure occurs within a certain time window after the generation of the SPC report, the S- SN 105C may discard the SPC report. In another aspect, the UE 115 may add a tag or reference indicator to the SPC report and to the SCG failure information. The reference indicator may be used to correlate the SPC report and the SCG failure information.
• FIG. 9 is a signaling diagram illustrating a PScell change procedure 900 facilitated, initiated, and/ or otherwise controlled by a SN according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• the PScell change procedure 900 may include a MN 105 A, a S-SN 105C, a T-SN 105D, a UE 115, which may be examples of the corresponding devices described with reference to FIGS. 1A-2.
• the PScell change procedure 900 may implement aspects of the wireless communications system 100 and 200.
• the MN 105A, the S-SN 105C, the T-SN 105D, and the UE 115 may support a PScell change procedure in which the SN initiates a PScell change and is at least partially involved in the configuration of the UE 115 to determine a successful PScell change and/or for PScell change reporting.
• the procedure 900 may further include mechanisms for reporting and correlating SCG failure information with SPC information. Further, the procedure 900 may involve initiating, resuming, or otherwise performing a handover (HO) procedure.
• the PScell change procedure 900 includes a number of enumerated steps, but embodiments of the PScell change procedure 900 may include additional steps before, after, and in between the enumerated steps.
• one or more of the enumerated steps may be omitted or performed in a different order.
• the operations between the MN 105A, S-SN 105C, the T-SN 105D, and/or the UE 115 may be transmitted in a different order or at different times than the exemplary order shown. Certain operations may also be left out of the PScell change procedure 900, or other operations may be added to the PScell change procedure 900.
• a S-SN 105C transmits, and the first MN 105A receives, a SN change required message causing the MN 105A to proceed with an SN addition, release, or other SN modification.
• the SN change required message may include or indicate one or more SPC configuration parameters.
• the SN change required message may comprise a first portion of the SPC configuration.
• the S-SN 105C may determine and indicate in the SN change required message, at least one timer value or threshold.
• the S-SN 105C may determine and indicate in the SN change required message at least one of a T310 timer value or threshold, and/or a T312 timer value or threshold.
• the first MN 105 A transmits, based on the SN change required message received from the S-SN 105C, a SN addition request to a T-SN 105D.
• transmitting the SN addition request may comprise transmitting an Xn message or signal indicating the SN addition request.
• the SN addition request message may provide or indicate RRC and/or data radio bearer (DRB) configuration information for changing the SN.
• the first MN 105A may transmit the SN addition request based on one or more reports and/or measurements obtained by the UE 115.
• the UE 115 may obtain one or more channel measurements of a primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) facilitated by the S-SN 105C.
• the UE 115 may transmit, to the first MN 105 A, S-SN 105C, and/or any other network node or device, a report indicating the channel measurements.
• the UE 115 may transmit, to the first MN 105A and/or to the S-SN 105C, a channel state information (CSI) report based on the channel measurements.
• CSI channel state information
• a network node, such as the first MN 105 A may determine to perform a PScell change based on the report.
• the T-SN 105D transmits, to the first MN 105A, a SN addition acknowledgement.
• the SN addition acknowledgement may comprise an Xn message.
• the SN addition acknowledgement may include information for allocating resources, providing SCG resource configuration, and/or for providing any other suitable information.
• the SN addition acknowledge message may include one or more SPC configuration parameters.
• the PSC configuration may include a second portion of a SPC configuration.
• the SN addition request acknowledgement message may include or indicate a T304 time value or threshold.
• the first MN 105A transmits, to the UE 115, a RRCReconfiguration message.
• the RRCReconfiguration message may comprise or indicate SPC configuration.
• the SPC configuration may comprise a SPC-Config.
• the SPC-Config may include or indicate information for the PScell change.
• the SPC configuration may indicate a combination of SPC configuration parameters determined by the S-SN 105C and/or the T-SN 105D and indicated by the SN change required message transmitted at step 905 and/or the SN addition request acknowledgement message transmitted at step 915.
• the first MN 105 A may determine one or more additional SPC configuration parameters to include in the SPC-Config.
• the first MN 105 A may combine or aggregate the different portions of the SPC configuration from the S-SN 105C and/or the T-SN 105D as well as any SPC configuration parameters determined by the first MN 105A for the SPC-Config.
• the UE 115 determines that one or more trigger conditions have been met for the PScell change based on the SPC configuration transmitted at step 925.
• the conditions may be based on timer values or thresholds indicated in the SPC configuration.
• the UE 115 may determine that the PScell change is successful based on one or more of a T304 threshold, a T310 threshold, and/or a T312 threshold.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the first MN 105A based on the SPC configuration and the determination of step 925, a RRC Reconfiguration Complete message.
• the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message may include or indicate that successful PScell change information is available.
• the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message may include or indicate a successPSCellChange-InfoAvailable field or flag indicating to the network that that the successful PScell change information is available.
• the successful PScell change information may include transmitting a UCI to the first MN 105A indicating that the successful PScell change information is available.
• the successful PScell change information may be carried and/or indicated in a RRC message and/or a media access control-control element (MAC-CE).
• MAC-CE media access control-control element
• the first MN 105A transmits, to the S-SN 105C, a SN change confirmation.
• the SN change confirmation comprises an Xn message.
• the first MN 105A transmits, to the T-SN 105D, a SN Reconfiguration complete message.
• the transmitting SN Reconfiguration complete message includes transmitting an Xn message including or indicating the SN Reconfiguration complete message.
• the UE 115 determines or detects a SCG failure at the T-SN.
• the SCG failure may occur before the PScell change has completed.
• detecting the SCG failure may comprise determining that one or more signals or messages were not successfully received.
• determining the SCG failure may comprise determining or detecting a radio link failure, a failure of SCG reconfiguration, a SCG integrity failure, exceeding a maximum uplink transmission timing difference, a random access failure, and/or any other suitable method of detecting a SCG failure.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the first MN 105A, SCG failure information.
• the SCG failure information includes or indicates information associated with the SCG failure, such as the failure type or the condition that resulted in the SCG failure.
• the failure type may include an expiration of a T310 timer, a random access problem, a sync reconfiguration failure, a SRB3 integrity failure, and/or any other relevant failure type.
• the network may use the SCG failure information to modify or update subsequent SCG configurations.
• the first MN 105 A transmits a SCG failure report to the S-SN 105C.
• the SCG failure report transmitted at step 955 comprises an Xn message indicating the SCG failure information transmitted at step 950.
• the UE 115 and the second MN 105B perform a handover (HO) procedure from the first MN 105 A to the second MN 105B.
• performing the HO may include obtaining a measurement report from the UE 115, transmitting a HO request message to the second MN 105B, receiving a HO request acknowledge message from the second MN 105B, transmitting a RRC reconfiguration message to the UE 115, performing a random access procedure, and/or receiving a RRCReconfigurationComplete message from the UE 115.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the second MN 105B, an indication that a SPC report or SPC information is available.
• the second MN 105B transmits, to the UE 115 and based on receiving the indication that the SPC report is available, a UE information request.
• the information request may include a UEInformationRequest message including or indicating a SPC report request.
• the UEInformationRequest message may comprise a RRC message or IE.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the second MN 105B, a UE information response or report based on the information request transmitted at step 970.
• the UE information response includes a UEInformationResponse message including or indicating a SPC report.
• the SPC report may comprise information associated with the PScell change.
• the UEInformationResponse message may comprise a RRC message or IE.
• the second MN 105B transmits, to the S-SN 105C, the SPC report.
• the SPC report may include or indicate at least a portion of the SPC information included in the UE information response transmitted at step 975.
• the S-SN 105C may correlate information from the SPC report and the SCG failure information, and use the correlated information to perform the network optimizations.
• the S-SN 105C may correlate the SPC report and the SCG failure information based on UE context associated with the SPC report and the SCG failure information. In other instances, the UE context may not be available. For example, the S-SN 105C may periodically delete the UE context such that the SPC report and the SCG failure information may not be correlated by UE context.
• the S-SN 105C may be configured to correlate the SPC report and the SCG failure information based on one or more other identifiers or indicators in at least one of the SPC report and/or the SCG failure information.
• the SCG failure information may include a SPC report indicator indicating that the SPC report has been sent to the network for the handover and/or SN change.
• the SCG failure information may include a SPC Report indicator indicating that there is an SPC report associated with the handover.
• the SPC report and the SCG failure information may include or indicate a same C-RNTI.
• the S-SN 105C may correlate the SCG failure information and the SPC report based on their associated timestamps. For example, the S-SN 105C may determine that the SPC report is correlated with SCG failure information that is received within a time threshold of the SPC report.
• the S-SN 105C may merge the SPC report with the SCG failure information if the SPC report has not been sent by the time the SCG failure information is generated. In another aspect, the S-SN 105C may merge the SCG failure information with the SPC report if the SCG failure information has not been sent by the time the SPC report is generated. In another aspect, if the SCG failure occurs within a certain time window after the generation of the SPC report, the S- SN 105C may discard the SPC report. In another aspect, the UE 115 may add a tag or reference indicator to the SPC report and to the SCG failure information. The reference indicator may be used to correlate the SPC report and the SCG failure information.
• FIG. 10 is a signaling diagram illustrating a PScell change procedure 1000 facilitated or otherwise controlled by a SN with limited or no involvement by the MN, according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• the PScell change procedure 1000 may include a MN 105 A, a SN 105C, and a UE 115, which may be examples of the corresponding devices described with reference to FIGS. 1A-2.
• the PS cell change procedure 1000 may implement aspects of the wireless communications system 100 and 200.
• the MN 105A, the SN 105C, and the UE 115 may support a PScell change procedure in which the SN 105C configures the UE 115 to determine a successful PScell change and/or for PScell change reporting.
• the PScell change procedure 1000 includes a number of enumerated steps, but embodiments of the PScell change procedure 1000 may include additional steps before, after, and in between the enumerated steps. In some embodiments, one or more of the enumerated steps may be omitted or performed in a different order.
• the operations between the MN 105 A, SN 105C, and/or the UE 115 may be transmitted in a different order or at different times than the exemplary order shown. Certain operations may also be left out of the PScell change procedure 1000, or other operations may be added to the PScell change procedure 1000.
• the SN 105C transmits, to the UE 115, a RRCReconfiguration message.
• the RRCReconfiguration message may comprise or indicate a successful PScell change (SPC) configuration.
• the SPC configuration may comprise a SPC-Config.
• the SPC-Config may include or indicate information for the PScell change.
• the SPC configuration may indicate one or more trigger events and/or conditions to determine whether the PScell change is successful.
• the SPC configuration may include or indicate one or more timer values or other thresholds that the UE 115 may use to determine whether the PScell change is successful.
• the SPC configuration may include at least one of a T304 threshold, a T310 threshold, and/or a T312 threshold.
• the SN 105C may configure the SPC configuration autonomously.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the SN 105C based on the SPC configuration, a RRC Reconfiguration Complete message.
• the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message may include or indicate that successful PScell change information is available.
• the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message may include or indicate a successPSCellChange-InfoAvailable field or flag indicating to the network that that the successful PScell change information is available.
• the successful PScell change information may include transmitting a UCI to the SN 105C indicating that the successful PScell change information is available.
• the successful PScell change information may be carried and/or indicated in a RRC message and/or a media access control-control element (MAC-CE).
• MAC-CE media access control-control element
• the SN 105C and the UE 115 perform a random access procedure to change a PScell or configuration within the SN.
• the random access procedure comprises the addition, modification, or release of one SCG Scell and/or the release, modification, or addition of another SCG Scell.
• step 1020 there may be at least two options for reporting SPC information to the SN 105C.
• a first option is shown as step 1020.
• the dashed lines indicate an optional or alternative step, with step 1025 also being optional or alternative to step 1020.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the MN 105A, an SPC report, and the MN 105A forwards the SPC report to the SN 105C.
• step 1020 comprises transmitting a UL signal from the UE 115 to the MN 105 A, and the MN 105A transmitting a Xn message to the SN 105C indicating the SPC report.
• step 1020 may comprise the MN 105A and/or the SN 105C transmitting a UE information request for an SPC report to the UE 115, and the UE 115 transmitting a UE information response based on the request to the MN 105 A, where the UE information response includes the SPC report.
• the MN 105A may then transmit or forward the SPC information in the SPC report to the SN 105C in an Xn message.
• the UE 115 may transmit the SPC report to the MN 105A via SRBl.
• step 1025 which may be optional or alternative as described above, the UE 1 15 transmits the SPC report directly to the SN 105C.
• step 1025 may comprise the UE 115 transmitting the SPC report via a UL RRC message.
• the UE 115 may transmit the SPC report via SRB3 if SRB3 is available.
• FIG. 11 is a signaling diagram illustrating a PScell change procedure 1100 facilitated or otherwise controlled by a MN according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• the PScell change procedure 1100 may include a MN 105 A, a S-SN 105C, a T-SN 105D, a UE 115, which may be examples of the corresponding devices described with reference to FIGS. 1A-2.
• the PScell change procedure 1100 may implement aspects of the wireless communications system 100 and 200.
• the MN 105A, the S-SN 105C, the T-SN 105D, and the UE 115 may support a PScell change procedure in which the MN configures the UE 115 to determine a successful PScell change and/or for PScell change reporting.
• the PScell change procedure 1100 includes a number of enumerated steps, but embodiments of the PScell change procedure 1100 may include additional steps before, after, and in between the enumerated steps. In some embodiments, one or more of the enumerated steps may be omitted or performed in a different order.
• the operations between the MN 105 A, S-SN 105C, the T-SN 105D, and/or the UE 115 may be transmitted in a different order or at different times than the exemplary order shown. Certain operations may also be left out of the PScell change procedure 1100, or other operations may be added to the PScell change procedure 1100.
• the first MN 105 A transmits, to the second MN 105B, a handover (HO) request.
• the HO request may include a Xn message.
• the second MN 105B transmits a SN addition request to the T-SN 105D.
• transmitting the SN addition request may comprise transmitting an Xn message or signal indicating the SN addition request.
• the SN addition request message may provide or indicate RRC and/or data radio bearer (DRB) configuration information for changing the SN.
• the first MN 105A may transmit the SN addition request based on one or more reports and/or measurements obtained by the UE 115. In this regard, the UE 115 may obtain one or more channel measurements of a primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) facilitated by the S-SN 105C.
• PScell primary secondary cell group cell
• the UE 115 may transmit, to the first MN 105A, S-SN 105C, and/or any other network node or device, a report indicating the channel measurements. For example, the UE 115 may transmit, to the first MN 105A and/or to the S-SN 105C, a channel state information (CSI) report based on the channel measurements.
• CSI channel state information
• a network node, such as the first MN 105A, may determine to perform a PScell change based on the report.
• the T-SN 105D transmits, to the second MN 105B, a SN addition acknowledgement.
• the SN addition acknowledgement may comprise an Xn message.
• the SN addition acknowledgement may include information for allocating resources, providing SCG resource configuration, and/or for providing any other suitable information.
• the second MN 105B transmits, to the first MN 105A, a HO request acknowledgement.
• the HO request acknowledgement may include a Xn message.
• the first MN 105 A transmits, to the S-SN 105C, a SN release request requesting that the S-SN 105C release or discontinue communications with the UE 115.
• the SN release request may comprise an Xn message.
• the S-SN 105C transmits, to the first MN 105A, a SN release request acknowledgement based on the SN release request.
• the SN release request acknowledgement may comprise an Xn message.
• the first MN 105A transmits, to the UE 115, a RRCReconfiguration message.
• the RRCReconfiguration message may comprise or indicate a successful PScell change (SPC) configuration.
• the SPC configuration may comprise a SPC-Config.
• the SPC-Config may include or indicate information for the PScell change.
• the SPC configuration may indicate one or more trigger events and/or conditions to determine whether the PScell change is successful.
• the SPC configuration may include or indicate one or more timer values or other thresholds that the UE 115 may use to determine whether the PScell change is successful.
• the SPC configuration may include at least one of a T304 threshold, a T310 threshold, and/or a T312 threshold.
• the MN 105A may configure the SPC configuration autonomously.
• the SPC configuration may be configured and/or determined by one or more other network nodes, such as the S-SN 105C and/or the T-SN 105D.
• the UE 115 determines that one or more trigger conditions have been met for the successful PScell change based on the SPC configuration transmitted at step 1135, and that one or more trigger conditions have been met for the HO procedure initiated with the HO request transmitted at step 1105.
• the conditions may be based on timer values or thresholds indicated in the SPC configuration and/or in the HO request.
• the UE 115 may determine that the PScell change is successful based on one or more of a T304 threshold, a T310 threshold, and/or a T312 threshold.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the second MN 105B based on the determination of step 1 140, a RRC Reconfiguration Complete message.
• the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message is transmitted to the second MN 105B and may not be transmitted to the first MN 105A which initiated the SN release of the S-SN 105C.
• the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message may include or indicate that successful PScell change information is available.
• the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message may include or indicate a successPSCellChange-InfoAvailable field or flag indicating to the network that that the successful PScell change information is available.
• the successful PS cell change information may include transmitting a UCI to the MN 105A indicating that the successful PScell change information is available.
• the successful PScell change information may be carried and/or indicated in a RRC message and/or a media access control-control element (MAC-CE).
• MAC-CE media access control-control element
• the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message may include or indicate that successful HO information is available.
• the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message may include or indicate a successHO-InfoAvailable field or flag indicating to the network that the successful HO information is available.
• the second MN 105B transmits, to the T-SN 105D based on the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message, a SN Reconfiguration complete message.
• the SN Reconfiguration complete message includes transmitting an Xn message including or indicating the SN Reconfiguration complete message.
• the second MN 105B transmits, to the UE 115 based on the indication that PScell change information is available and the indication that the HO information is available, an information request.
• the information request may include a UEInformationRequest message including or indicating a SPC report request and a successful HO report request.
• the UEInformationRequest message may comprise a RRC message or IE.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the second MN 105B, a UE information response or report based on the information request transmitted at step 1140.
• the UE information response includes a UEInformationResponse message including or indicating a SPC report and a successful HO report.
• the SPC report may comprise information associated with the PScell change.
• the successful HO report may comprise information associated with the HO.
• the UEInformationResponse message may comprise a RRC message or IE.
• the second MN based on the SPC report and/or the successful HO report, the second MN
• FIG. 12 is a signaling diagram illustrating a PScell change procedure 1200 facilitated, initiated, and/ or otherwise controlled by a SN according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• the PScell change procedure 1200 may include a MN 105 A, a S-SN 105C, a T-SN 105D, a UE 115, which may be examples of the corresponding devices described with reference to FIGS. 1 A -2.
• the PScell change procedure 1200 may implement aspects of the wireless communications system 100 and 200.
• the MN 105A, the S-SN 105C, the T-SN 105D, and the UE 115 may support a PScell change procedure in which the SN initiates a PScell change and is at least partially involved in the configuration of the UE 115 to determine a successful PScell change and/or for PScell change reporting.
• the procedure 1200 may further include mechanisms for reporting SCG failure information and additional SCG failure information.
• the PScell change procedure 1200 includes a number of enumerated steps, but embodiments of the PScell change procedure 1200 may include additional steps before, after, and in between the enumerated steps. In some embodiments, one or more of the enumerated steps may he omitted or performed in a different order.
• the operations between the MN 105 A, S-SN 105C, the T-SN 105D, and/or the UE 115 may be transmitted in a different order or at different times than the exemplary order shown. Certain operations may also be left out of the PScell change procedure 1200, or other operations may be added to the PScell change procedure 1200.
• a S-SN 105C transmits, and the first MN 105A receives, a SN change required message causing the MN 105A to proceed with an SN addition, release, or other SN modification.
• the SN change required message may include or indicate one or more SPC configuration parameters.
• the SN change required message may comprise a first portion of the SPC configuration.
• the S-SN 105C may determine and indicate in the SN change required message, at least one timer value or threshold.
• the S-SN 105C may determine and indicate in the SN change required message at least one of a T310 timer value or threshold, and/or a T312 timer value or threshold.
• the first MN 105A transmits, based on the SN change required message received from the S-SN 105C, a SN addition request to a T-SN 105D.
• transmitting the SN addition request may comprise transmitting an Xn message or signal indicating the SN addition request.
• the SN addition request message may provide or indicate RRC and/or data radio bearer (DRB) configuration information for changing the SN.
• the first MN 105A may transmit the SN addition request based on one or more reports and/or measurements obtained by the UE 115.
• the UE 115 may obtain one or more channel measurements of a primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) facilitated by the S-SN 105C.
• the UE 115 may transmit, to the first MN 105 A, S-SN 105C, and/or any other network node or device, a report indicating the channel measurements.
• the UE 115 may transmit, to the first MN 105A and/or to the S-SN 105C, a channel state information (CSI) report based on the channel measurements.
• CSI channel state information
• a network node, such as the first MN 105 A may determine to perform a PScell change based on the report.
• the T-SN 105D transmits, to the first MN 105 A, a SN addition acknowledgement.
• the SN addition acknowledgement may comprise an Xn message.
• the SN addition acknowledgement may include information for allocating resources, providing SCG resource configuration, and/or for providing any other suitable information.
• the SN addition acknowledge message may include one or more SPC configuration parameters.
• the PSC configuration may include a second portion of a SPC configuration.
• the SN addition request acknowledgement message may include or indicate a T304 time value or threshold.
• the first MN 105A transmits, to the UE 115, a RRC Reconfiguration message.
• the RRC Reconfiguration message may comprise or indicate SPC configuration.
• the SPC configuration may comprise a SPC-Config.
• the SPC-Config may include or indicate information for the PScell change.
• the SPC configuration may indicate a combination of SPC configuration parameters determined by the S-SN 105C and/or the T-SN 105D and indicated by the SN change required message transmitted at step 1205 and/or the SN addition request acknowledgement message transmitted at step 1215.
• the first MN 105A may determine one or more additional SPC configuration parameters to include in the SPC-Config.
• the first MN 105 A may combine or aggregate the different portions of the SPC configuration from the S-SN 105C and/or the T-SN 105D as well as any SPC configuration parameters determined by the first MN 105A for the SPC-Config.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the first MN 105A, a RRC Reconfiguration Complete message.
• the transmitting the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message may be based on a determination that one or more trigger conditions for a successful PScell change have been met.
• the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message may include or indicate that successful PScell change information is available.
• the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message may include or indicate a successPSCellChange-InfoAvailable field or flag indicating to the network that that the successful PScell change information is available.
• the successful PScell change information may include transmitting a UCI to the first MN 105A indicating that the successful PScell change information is available.
• the successful PScell change information may be carried and/or indicated in a RRC message and/or a media access control-control element (MAC-CE).
• MAC-CE media access control-control element
• the first MN 105 A transmits, to the S-SN 105C, a SN change confirmation.
• the SN change confirmation comprises an Xn message.
• the first MN 105A transmits, to the T-SN 105D, a SN Reconfiguration complete message.
• the transmitting SN Reconfiguration complete message includes transmitting an Xn message including or indicating the SN Reconfiguration complete message.
• the UE 115 determines or detects a SCG failure at the T-SN 105D.
• the SCG failure may occur before the PScell change has completed.
• detecting the SCG failure may comprise determining that one or more signals or messages related to the PScell change were not successfully received.
• determining the SCG failure may comprise determining or detecting a radio link failure, a failure of SCG reconfiguration, a SCG integrity failure, exceeding a maximum uplink transmission timing difference, a random access failure, and/or any other suitable method of detecting a SCG failure.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the first MN 105 A, SCG failure information.
• the SCG failure information includes or indicates information associated with the SCG failure, such as the failure type or the condition that resulted in the SCG failure.
• the failure type may include an expiration of a T310 timer, a random access problem, a sync reconfiguration failure, a SRB3 integrity failure, and/or any other relevant failure type.
• the network may use the SCG failure information to modify or update subsequent SCG configurations.
• the SCG failure information may include an indicator that additional SCG failure information is available, as further discussed below.
• the first MN 105A transmits a SCG failure report to the S-SN 105C.
• the SCG failure report transmitted at step 1255 comprises an Xn message indicating the SCG failure information transmitted at step 1250.
• the UE 115 stores additional SCG failure information.
• the UE 115 may store the additional SCG failure information in a VarSCGFailure-Report variable.
• the additional SCG failure information may be used to generate an additional SCG failure report.
• the additional SCG failure report may be similar to the SCG failure report transmitted at step 1250, in some aspects.
• the additional SCG failure information may include, for example, a first satisfied event of CP AC execution. In this regard, there may be multiple event triggers for conditional reconfiguration.
• a first conditional event may include a conditional reconfiguration candidate (e.g., target cell of a SCG) having better channel conditions (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, SNR, etc.) than the serving Pcell and/or PScell by a configured offset.
• the trigger event or condition may be met if the candidate RSRP, RSRQ, and/or SNR exceeds the current serving Pcell or PScell by the configured offset.
• a second conditional event may include the conditional reconfiguration candidate cell having better channel conditions (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, SNR, etc.) than an absolute threshold.
• a third conditional event for conditional reconfiguration may include the current serving Pcell and/or PS cell having channel conditions that fall below a first absolute threshold and the candidate cell having channel conditions that exceed a second absolute threshold.
• multiple conditional events may occur to trigger the conditional reconfiguration. It may be beneficial for the network to receive information indicating which of the conditional events occurred first to cause or trigger the conditional reconfiguration.
• the additional SCG failure information may include a time or duration between the fulfillment of different conditional events or triggering conditions.
• the additional SCG failure information may include or indicate the time between the first conditional event occurring and the last conditional event occurring.
• the additional SCG failure information may include the time between the first conditional event and the second conditional event, and the time between the second conditional event and the last conditional event to occur.
• the first MN 105A transmits, to the UE 115 based on the SCG failure information transmitted at step 1245 indicating additional SCG failure information is available, an information request.
• the information request may include a UEInformationRequest message including or indicating an additional SCG failure information request.
• the UEInformationRequest message may comprise a RRC message or IE.
• the UE 115 transmits, to the first MN 105 A, a UE information response or report based on the information request transmitted at step 1260.
• the UE information response includes a UEInformationResponse message including or indicating an additional SCG failure report.
• the UEInformationResponse message may comprise a RRC message or IE.
• the first MN 105A transmits, to the S-SN 105C, an SCG failure report including the additional SCG failure information.
• the SCG failure may include a Xn message indicating the SPC information transmitted at step 1265.
• the SCG failure report transmitted at step 1270 may have a similar or identical format as the SCG failure report transmitted at step 1250.
• a new report or report format may be configured for reporting the additional SCG failure information.
• the UE 115 stores the additional SCG failure information and reports the additional SCG failure information based on a request from the network.
• the UE 115 may report the additional SCG failure information automatically, and not in response to a request for the additional information. In another aspect, upon detecting a different SCG failure, the previous stored additional SCG failure information may be overwritten with new additional SCG failure information. In some aspects, the UE 115 may store the additional SCG failure information in a configured variable. In some aspects, the UE 115 may store the additional SCG failure information for 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, or any other suitable amount of time, greater or smaller. In another aspect, the UE 115 may store the additional SCG failure information until it is retrieved.
• the UE 115 may indicate that the additional SCG failure information is available via a RRC message, in some aspects.
• the UE 115 may indicate that the SCG failure information is available using one or more of a RRCSetupComplete message, a RRCResumeComplete message, a RRCReestablishmentComplete message, and/or a RRCReconfigurationComplete message.
• the MN 105A performs one or more network optimizations.
• the S-SN 105C may correlate information from the SPC report and the SCG failure information, and use the correlated information to perform the network optimizations.
• the S-SN 105C may correlate the SPC report and the SCG failure information based on UE context associated with the SPC report and the SCG failure information. In other instances, the UE context may not be available. For example, the S-SN 105C may periodically delete the UE context such that the SPC report and the SCG failure information may not be correlated by UE context.
• the S-SN 105C may be configured to correlate the SPC report and the SCG failure information based on one or more other identifiers or indicators in at least one of the SPC report and/or the SCG failure information.
• the SCG failure information may include a SPC report indicator indicating that the SPC report has been sent to the network for the handover and/or SN change.
• the SCG failure information may include a SPC Report indicator indicating that there is an SPC report associated with the handover.
• the SPC report and the SCG failure information may include or indicate a same C-RNTI.
• the S-SN 105C may correlate the SCG failure information and the SPC report based on their associated timestamps. For example, the S-SN 105C may determine that the SPC report is correlated with SCG failure information that is received within a time threshold of the SPC report.
• the S-SN 105C may merge the SPC report with the SCG failure information if the SPC report has not been sent by the time the SCG failure information is generated. In another aspect, the S-SN I05C may merge the SCG failure information with the SPC report if the SCG failure information has not been sent by the time the SPC report is generated. In another aspect, if the SCG failure occurs within a certain time window after the generation of the SPC report, the S- SN 105C may discard the SPC report. In another aspect, the UE 115 may add a tag or reference indicator to the SPC report and to the SCG failure information. The reference indicator may be used to correlate the SPC report and the SCG failure information.
• FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an exemplary UE 1300 according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• the UE 1300 may be a UE 115 discussed in FIG. 1 A or a UE 215 discussed in FIG. 2.
• the UE 1300 may include a processor 1302, a memory 1304, a PScell change module 1308, a transceiver 1310 including a modem subsystem 1312 and a radio frequency (RF) unit 1314, and one or more antennas 1316.
• RF radio frequency
• the instructions 1306 may include instructions that, when executed by the processor 1302, cause the processor 1302 to perform the operations described herein with reference to the UEs 115 in connection with aspects of the present disclosure, for example, aspects of FIGS. 1A-4 and 7-9. Instructions 1306 may also be referred to as program code.
• the program code may be for causing a wireless communication device to perform these operations, for example by causing one or more processors (such as processor 1302) to control or command the wireless communication device to do so.
• the terms “instructions” and “code” should be interpreted broadly to include any type of computer-readable statement(s).
• the terms “instructions” and “code” may refer to one or more programs, routines, sub-routines, functions, procedures, etc. “Instructions” and “code” may include a single computer-readable statement or many computer-readable statements.
• the PScell change module 1 08 may be implemented via hardware, software, or combinations thereof.
• the PScell change module 1308 may be implemented as a processor, circuit, and/or instructions 1306 stored in the memory 1304 and executed by the processor 1302.
• the PScell change module 1308 can be integrated within the modem subsystem 1312.
• the PScell change module 1308 can be implemented by a combination of software components (e.g., executed by a DSP or a general processor) and hardware components (e.g., logic gates and circuitry) within the modem subsystem 1312.
• the PScell change module 1308 may be used for various aspects of the present disclosure, for example, aspects of FIGS. 4-12.
• the PScell change module 1308 may coordinate with the processor 1302 to obtain channel measurements of one or more cells in a master cell group (MCG) and/or in a secondary cell group (SCG).
• MCG master cell group
• SCG secondary cell group
• the PScell change module 1308 may be further configured to receive a successful PScell change (SPC) report configuration, and transmit a SPC report to the network based on the SPC report configuration.
• the PScell change module 1308 may be configured to detect a successful PScell change, and transmit the SPC report based on the SPC report configuration and the detecting the successful PScell change.
• the PScell change module 1308 may be configured to detect a SCG failure during and/or after the PScell change.
• the PScell change module 1308 may be configured to detect the SCG failure based on one or more SCG failure conditions or events, such as the expiration of a configured timer, a radio link failure, and/or any other suitable SCG failure condition.
• the PScell change module 1 08 may be configured to transmit a SCG failure report to one or more network nodes.
• the PScell change module 1308 may be configured to store and report additional SCG failure information to the network.
• the PScell change module 1308 may be configured to report a first-occurring triggering event or condition associated with the SCG failure and transmit an additional SCG failure report to the network indicating the additional SCG failure information.
• the transceiver 1310 may include the modem subsystem 1312 and the RF unit 1314.
• the transceiver 1310 can be configured to communicate bi-directionally with other devices, such as the BSs 105.
• the modem subsystem 1312 may be configured to modulate and/or encode the data from the memory 1304 and/or the PScell change module 1308 according to a modulation and coding scheme (MCS), e.g., a low-density parity check (LDPC) coding scheme, a turbo coding scheme, a convolutional coding scheme, a polar coding scheme, a digital beamforming scheme, etc.
• MCS modulation and coding scheme
• LDPC low-density parity check
• the RF unit 1314 may be configured to process (e.g., perform analog to digital conversion or digital to analog conversion, etc.) modulated/encoded data (e.g., uplink data, synchronization signal, SSBs) from the modem subsystem 1312 (on outbound transmissions) or of transmissions originating from another source such as a UE 115 or a BS 105.
• modulated/encoded data e.g., uplink data, synchronization signal, SSBs
• the RF unit 1314 may be further configured to perform analog beamforming in conjunction with the digital beamforming.
• the modem subsystem 1312 and the RF unit 1314 may be separate devices that are coupled together at the UE 115 to enable the UE 115 to communicate with other devices.
• the RF unit 1314 may provide the modulated and/or processed data, e.g. data packets (or, more generally, data messages that may contain one or more data packets and other information), to the antennas 1316 for transmission to one or more other devices.
• the antennas 1316 may further receive data messages transmitted from other devices.
• the antennas 1316 may provide the received data messages for processing and/or demodulation at the transceiver 1310.
• the transceiver 1310 may provide the demodulated and decoded data (e.g., reference signal, synchronization signal, SSBs) to the PScell change module 1308 for processing.
• the antennas 1316 may include multiple antennas of similar or different designs in order to sustain multiple transmission links.
• the RF unit 1314 may configure the antennas 1316.
• the RF unit 1314 may include various RF components, such as local oscillator (LO), analog filters, and/or mixers.
• LO local oscillator
• the LO and the mixers can be configured based on a certain channel center frequency.
• the analog filters may be configured to have a certain passband depending on a channel BW.
• the RF components may be configured to operate at various power modes (e.g., a normal power mode, a low-power mode, power-off mode) and may be switched among the different power modes depending on transmission and/or reception requirements at the UE 1300.
• the transceiver 1310 is configured to receive a measurement configuration from the BS, the measurement configuration comprising the first signal measurement offset and a plurality of predetermined parameters.
• the UE receives the measurement configuration in a radio resource control (RRC) message.
• RRC radio resource control
• the transceiver 1310 is also configured to communicate, with the BS in a first subband of a plurality of subbands, a measurement report comprising indication of the occurrence of the specified measurement event for initiating a handover of the UE between the BS and the one or more neighbor cells.
• the UE 1300 can include multiple transceivers 1310 implementing different RATs (e.g., NR and LTE). In an aspect, the UE 1300 can include a single transceiver 1310 implementing multiple RATs (e.g., NR and LTE). In an aspect, the transceiver 1310 can include various components, where different combinations of components can implement different RATs.
• FIG. 14 is a block diagram of an exemplary network node 1400 according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• the network node 1400 may be a BS 105 in the network 100 as discussed above in FIG. 1A or a BS 205 in the network 200 as discussed above in FIG. 2.
• the network node 1400 may include a processor 1402, a memory 1404, a PScell change module 1408, a transceiver 1410 including a modem subsystem 1412 and a RF unit 1414, and one or more antennas 1416. These elements may be in direct or indirect communication with each other, for example via one or more buses.
• the processor 1402 may have various features as a specific-type processor. For example, these may include a CPU, a DSP, an ASIC, a controller, a FPGA device, another hardware device, a firmware device, or any combination thereof configured to perform the operations described herein.
• the processor 1402 may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
• the memory 1404 may include a cache memory (e.g., a cache memory of the processor 1402), RAM, MRAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, a solid state memory device, one or more hard disk drives, memristor-based arrays, other forms of volatile and nonvolatile memory, or a combination of different types of memory.
• the memory 1404 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium.
• the memory 1404 may store instructions 1406.
• the instructions 1406 may include instructions that, when executed by the processor 1402, cause the processor 1402 to perform operations described herein, for example, aspects of FIGS. 1A- 4 and 7-9. Instructions 1406 may also be referred to as code, which may be interpreted broadly to include any type of computer-readable statement(s) as discussed above with respect to FIG. 3.
• the PScell change module 1408 may be implemented via hardware, software, or combinations thereof.
• the PScell change module 1408 may be implemented as a processor, circuit, and/or instructions 1406 stored in the memory 1404 and executed by the processor 1402.
• the PScell change module 1408 can be integrated within the modem subsystem 1412.
• the PScell change module 1408 can be implemented by a combination of software components (e.g., executed by a DSP or a general processor) and hardware components (e.g., logic gates and circuitry) within the modem subsystem 1412.
• the PScell change module 1408 may be implemented via hardware, software, or combinations thereof.
• the PScell change module 1408 may be implemented as a processor, circuit, and/or instructions 1406 stored in the memory 1404 and executed by the processor 1402.
• a BS may include the PScell change module 1408.
• the PScell change module 1408 may be used for various aspects of the present disclosure, for example, aspects of FIGS. 4-12.
• the PScell change module 1408 may coordinate with the processor 1302 to receive channel measurements from the UE of one or more cells in a master cell group (MCG) and/or in a secondary cell group (SCG).
• MCG master cell group
• SCG secondary cell group
• the PScell change module 1408 may be further configured to transmit a successful PScell change (SPC) report configuration, and receive a SPC report from a UE based on the SPC report configuration.
• the PScell change module 1408 may be configured to receive the SPC report from the UE, where the report is based on the SPC report configuration.
• the PScell change module 1408 may be configured to receive a SCG failure report from the UE directly, or via one or more other network nodes.
• the PScell change module 1408 may be configured to store SCG failure information and/or SPC information.
• the PScell change module 1408 may be configured to report a first-occurring triggering event or condition associated with the SCG failure and receive an additional SCG failure report indicating the additional SCG failure information.
• the PScell change module 1408 may be configured to correlate a SPC report and a SCG failure report based on UE context associated with the SPC report and the SCG failure report. In another aspect, the PScell change module 1408 may be configured to correlate the SPC report and the SCG failure report based on one or more indicators in the SPC report and/or in the SCG report. In another aspect, the PScell change module 1408 may be configured to correlate the SPC report and the SCG failure report based on a timing of the SPC report and/or of the SCG report. In some aspects, the PScell change module 1408 may be configured to configure a UE for SPC reporting.
• the SPC reporting configuration may indicate one or more timer thresholds, such as a T304 timer threshold, a T310 timer threshold, and/or a T312 timer threshold for the UE to determine or detect a successful PScell change.
• the PScell change module 1408 may be configured to determine a portion of the SPC reporting configuration.
• the PScell change module 1408 may be configured to aggregate SPC reporting configuration parameters determined by the PScell change module 1408 and at least one other network node, and transmit a SPC reporting configuration including the aggregated SPC reporting parameters.
• the transceiver 1410 may include the modem subsystem 1412 and the RF unit 1414.
• the transceiver 1410 can be configured to communicate bi-directionally with other devices, such as the UEs 115 and/or 500 and/or another core network element.
• the modem subsystem 1412 may be configured to modulate and/or encode data according to a MCS, e.g., a LDPC coding scheme, a turbo coding scheme, a convolutional coding scheme, a polar coding scheme, a digital beamforming scheme, etc.
• the RF unit 1414 may be configured to process (e.g., perform analog to digital conversion or digital to analog conversion, etc.) modulated/encoded data (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, SSBs, UE reporting configuration, machine learning-based network configuration) from the modem subsystem 1412 (on outbound transmissions) or of transmissions originating from another source such as a UE 1 1 and/or UE 500.
• modulated/encoded data e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, SSBs, UE reporting configuration, machine learning-based network configuration
• the RF unit 1414 may be further configured to perform analog beamforming in conjunction with the digital beamforming.
• the modem subsystem 1412 and/or the RF unit 1414 may be separate devices that are coupled together at the BS 105 to enable the BS 105 to communicate with other devices.
• the RF unit 1414 may provide the modulated and/or processed data, e.g. data packets (or, more generally, data messages that may contain one or more data packets and other information), to the antennas 1416 for transmission to one or more other devices. This may include, for example, transmission of information to complete attachment to a network and communication with a camped UE 115 or 500 according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
• the antennas 1416 may further receive data messages transmitted from other devices and provide the received data messages for processing and/or demodulation at the transceiver 1410.
• the transceiver 1410 may provide the demodulated and decoded data (e.g., CBR reports and/or CR reports) to the PScell change module 1408 for processing.
• the antennas 1416 may include multiple antennas of similar or different designs in order to sustain multiple transmission links.
• the network node 1400 can include multiple transceivers 1410 implementing different RATs (e.g., NR and LTE).
• the network node 1400 can include a single transceiver 1410 implementing multiple RATs (e.g., NR and LTE).
• the transceiver 1410 can include various components, where different combinations of components can implement different RATs.
• FIG. 15 is a flow diagram of a wireless communication method 1500 according to some aspects of the present disclosure. Aspects of the method 1500 can be executed by a computing device (e.g., a processor, processing circuit, and/or other suitable component) of a wireless communication device or other suitable means for performing the steps.
• a wireless communication device may include a MN 105 A, 105B, or a SN 105C, 105D.
• the wireless communication device may comprise the network node 1400 and may utilize one or more components, such as the processor 1402, the memory 1404, the PScell change module 1408, the transceiver 1410, the modem 1412, and the one or more antennas 1416, to execute the steps of method 1500.
• the method 1500 includes a number of enumerated steps, but aspects of the method 1500 may include additional steps before, after, and in between the enumerated steps. In some aspects, one or more of the enumerated steps may be omitted or performed in a different order.
• a first network unit transmits, to a second network unit, an indication of a primary secondary group cell (PScell) change (SPC) associated with a user equipment (UE).
• the first network unit comprises a master node (MN).
• the first network unit comprises a secondary node (SN).
• the SN may be a source SN (S- SN) or a target SN (T-SN).
• the second network unit may comprise a SN, or a MN.
• transmitting the indication may comprise transmitting a Xn message including or carrying the indication.
• transmitting the indication of the SPC comprises transmitting at least one of a SN change required message, a SN addition request, a SN addition request acknowledgement, a SN release request, and/or a SN release request acknowledgement.
• the first network unit may utilize one or more components, such as the processor 1402, the memory 1404, the PScell change module 1408, the transceiver 1410, the modem 1412, and the one or more antennas 1416, to execute the actions of step 1510.
• the first network unit transmits, based on the indication of the PScell change, a successful PScell change report (SPC) configuration.
• transmitting the SPC configuration may comprise transmitting a RRC message.
• transmitting the SPC configuration may comprise transmitting a RRCReconfiguration message.
• transmitting the SPC configuration may comprise transmitting the configuration via a Xn message.
• the transmitting the SPC configuration comprises transmitting the SPC configuration from a MN directly to the UE.
• the transmitting the SPC configuration may comprise transmitting the SPC configuration, or at least a portion of a SPC configuration, from a SN to a MN via a Xn message.
• the first network unit may utilize one or more components, such as the processor 1402, the memory 1404, the PScell change module 1408, the transceiver 1410, the modem 1412, and the one or more antennas 1416, to execute the actions of step 1520.
• the first network unit receives a SPC report.
• the SPC report is based on the SPC configuration and SPC information associated with the UE.
• the UE may obtain SPC information based on the SPC configuration.
• the SPC information may include, for example, a trigger event or condition being met associated with the SPC procedure.
• receiving the SPC report comprises receiving the SPC report directly from the UE.
• receiving the SPC report comprises receiving the SPC report via a network unit, such as a MN or a SN.
• the receiving the SPC report may comprise receiving a UE information response including or indicating the SPC report.
• the UE information response may be transmitted by the UE in response to the UE receiving a UE information request.
• the UE information request may include or indicate a request for the SPC report.
• the first network unit may be a SN and may receive the SPC report via the MN.
• the first network unit may utilize one or more components, such as the processor 1402, the memory 1404, the PScell change module 1408, the transceiver 1410, the modem 1412, and the one or more antennas 1416, to execute the actions of step 1530.
• the method 1500 further includes the first network unit or another network unit performing network optimizations based on the SPC report.
• the first network unit or a different network unit may update one or more timer thresholds associated with radio link monitoring (RLM) and/or beam failure detection (BFD) of a MCG and/or SCG.
• the network unit may detect near failure scenarios during a successful PScell change and/or a successful handover (HO).
• the method 1500 further includes receiving a SCG failure report from the UE, wherein the SPC report is also received from the UE. The network unit may perform the network optimization based on a correlation of the SCG failure report with the SPC report.
• the first network node receives the SPC report from a second MN different from the MN.
• the performing the network optimization is based on a correlation of the SCG failure report with the successful PScell change report.
• the first MN or the second MN may perform the network optimization.
• the transmitting the indication of the SPC to the second network unit comprises transmitting a SN addition request message to a T-SN.
• transmitting the SPC report configuration comprises transmitting a SPC-Config, or a RRC message indicating the SPC-Config, to the UE.
• the SPC report configuration indicates one or more trigger thresholds for one or more timers associated with a MCG and/or a SCG.
• the first network node comprises a SN
• the SN transmits the indication of the SPC by transmitting a SN change request to a MN.
• the transmitting the successful PScell change report configuration comprises transmitting a first SPC report configuration to the MN
• the receiving the SPC report comprises receiving the SPC report form the MN.
• the SN change request indicates a threshold for a first timer.
• the SN change request may include or indicate at least one of a T310 timer threshold and/or a T312 timer threshold.
• the SN determines the threshold.
• the MN may determine a second timer threshold.
• the MN may determine at least one of a T304 timer threshold, a T310 timer threshold, and/or a T312 timer threshold.
• the MN may receive the SN change request indicating the first timer threshold, and may transmit a SPC configuration indicating the first timer threshold and a second timer threshold, such that the SN and the MN contribute to the SPC configuration.
• the method 1500 further comprises receiving a SCG failure report.
• the MN may receive a SCG failure report from the UE.
• a SN may receive a SCG failure report from the MN.
• SCG failure report may be based on a detection of a SCG failure.
• receiving the SCG failure report may comprise receiving a SCGFailurelnformation information element from the UE.
• receiving the SCG failure report may include the SN receiving a Xn message indicating the SCG failure information from the MN.
• the first network node performs a network optimization based on the SCG failure information.
• the first network node performs a correlation of the SPC report and the SCG failure information, and performs the network optimization based on the correlation.
• the first network may correlate the SCG failure report and the SPC report based on one or more indicators included in the SCG failure report and/or the SPC report.
• the SCG failure report may include a first indicator associated with the SPC report
• the SPC report may include a second indicator associated with the SCG failure report, or a combination thereof.
• FIG. 16 is a flow diagram of a wireless communication method 1600 according to some aspects of the present disclosure. Aspects of the method 1600 can be executed by a computing device (e.g., a processor, processing circuit, and/or other suitable component) of a wireless communication device or other suitable means for performing the steps.
• a wireless communication device may include a first MN 105 A.
• the method 1600 may include one or more aspects of the procedure 1100 illustrated in FIG. 11.
• the first MN may comprise the network node 1400 and may utilize one or more components, such as the processor 1402, the memory 1404, the PScell change module 1408, the transceiver 1410, the modem 1412, and the one or more antennas 1416, to execute the steps of method 1600.
• the method 1600 includes a number of enumerated steps, but aspects of the method 1600 may include additional steps before, after, and in between the enumerated steps. In some aspects, one or more of the enumerated steps may be omitted or performed in a different order.
• the first MN receives, from a second MN, a HO request.
• the HO request may comprise a Xn message.
• the second MN may trigger the HO based on a measurement report from a UE.
• the HO request may comprise an indication to an AMF that a HO is required or triggered.
• the first MN unit may utilize one or more components, such as the processor 1402, the memory 1404, the PScell change module 1408, the transceiver 1410, the modem 1412, and the one or more antennas 1416, to execute the actions of step 1610.
• the first MN transmits, to a first SN, a PScell change request.
• transmitting the PScell change request comprises transmitting a SN addition request message.
• the PScell change request may comprise a Xn message.
• the first MN unit may utilize one or more components, such as the processor 1402, the memory 1404, the PScell change module 1408, the transceiver 1410, the modem 1412, and the one or more antennas 1416, to execute the actions of step 1620.
• the first MN receives, from a UE, a first message indicating HO information is available and SPC information is available.
• the first message may comprise a RRCReconfigurationComplete message.
• the first MN unit may utilize one or more components, such as the processor 1402, the memory 1404, the PScell change module 1408, the transceiver 1410, the modem 1412, and the one or more antennas 1416, to execute the actions of step 1630.
• the first MN transmits, to the UE based on the first message, at least one request for the HO information and the SPC information.
• the at least one request may comprise a UEInformationRequest indicating requests for both a successful HO (SHO) report and a SPC report.
• the at least one request may comprise separate UEInformationRequest messages, each indicating one of a SHO report request or a SPC report request.
• the first MN receives, from the UE based on the at least one request, a SHO report and a SPC report.
• the SHO report is triggered by at least one of a threshold of a MCG or SCG.
• the SHO report indicates the SHO information the SPC report indicates the SPC information.
• the receiving the SHO report and the receiving the SPC report comprises receiving a single UEInformationResponse .
• the receiving the SHO report comprises receiving a first UEInformationResponse and the receiving the SPC report comprises receiving a second UEInformationResponse different from the first UEInformationResponse.
• FIG. 17 is a flow diagram of a wireless communication method 1700 according to some aspects of the present disclosure. Aspects of the method 1700 can be executed by a computing device (e.g., a processor, processing circuit, and/or other suitable component) of a wireless communication device or other suitable means for performing the steps.
• a wireless communication device may include a UE, such as one of the UEs 115.
• the method 1700 may include one or more aspects of the procedure 1000 illustrated in FIG. 10.
• the method 1700 may include a SN initiating and/or otherwise controlling a PScell change with little or no involvement by the MN.
• the UE may utilize one or more components, such as the processor 1302, the memory 1304, the PScell change module 1308, the transceiver 1310, the modem 1312, and the one or more antennas 1316, to execute the steps of method 1700.
• the method 1700 includes a number of enumerated steps, but aspects of the method 1700 may include additional steps before, after, and in between the enumerated steps. In some aspects, one or more of the enumerated steps may be omitted or performed in a different order.
• the UE receives, from a SN, a SN modification indication.
• receiving the SN modification indication comprises receiving a RRCReconfiguration message indicating a cell reconfiguration for the PScell.
• any suitable type of messaging may be received by the UE, including RRC IES, MAC-CEs, DCI, and/or any other suitable messaging.
• the UE receives, from the SN based on the SN modification indication, a SPC report configuration.
• the receiving the SPC report configuration comprises receiving a RRCReconfiguration message indicating the SPC report configuration.
• steps 1720 and 1710 may comprise receiving the same RRCReconfiguration message indicating both the SN modification and the SPC report configuration. In other aspects, separate messages may be received in steps 1710 and 1720, respectively, indicating the SN modification and the SPC report configuration.
• the UE transmits a SPC report based on the SPC report configuration and SPC information obtained by the UE.
• the UE transmits the SPC report to the SN via SRB3.
• the UE transmits the SPC report to the MN via SRB1, and the MN transmits the SPC report to the SN.
• the UE may transmit a UEInformationResponse to the MN based on a UEInformationRequest from the MN.
• the UE may transmit the SPC report directly to the SN in a UL RRC message via SRB3 if SRB 3 is available.
• the method 1700 includes the UE and a network node performing a random access procedure, as described above.
• the method 1700 includes the UE transmitting, based on the SN modification indication, a SN reconfiguration indication. For example, the UE may transmit a RRCReconfigurationComplete message to the SN.
• FIG. 18 is a flow diagram of a wireless communication method 1800 according to some aspects of the present disclosure. Aspects of the method 1800 can be executed by a computing device (e.g., a processor, processing circuit, and/or other suitable component) of a wireless communication device or other suitable means for performing the steps.
• a wireless communication device may include a UE, such as one of the UEs 115.
• the method 1800 may include one or mor aspects of the procedure 1200 shown in FIG. 12.
• the UE may utilize one or more components, such as the processor 1302, the memory 1304, the PScell change module 1308, the transceiver 1310, the modem 1312, and the one or more antennas 1316, to execute the steps of method 1800.
• the method 1800 includes a number of enumerated steps, but aspects of the method 1800 may include additional steps before, after, and in between the enumerated steps. Tn some aspects, one or more of the enumerated steps may be omitted or performed in a different order.
• the UE receives, from a network node, an indication for a cell reconfiguration.
• the indication may include a RRCReconfiguration message indicating a reconfiguration of a PScell or Scell.
• the UE may receive the indication from a MN.
• the MN may transmit the indication based on channel measurements obtained and/or reported by the UE. For example, the channel measurements may be reported in a CSI report.
• the network node may determine that one or more conditions for the cell reconfiguration are met, and may transmit the indication based on the determination.
• the network node may receive a signal from a different network node, such as a SN, indicating that a SN change is required.
• the UE detects a failure of the cell reconfiguration.
• detecting the failure may comprise detecting a SCG failure associated with the cell reconfiguration.
• the SCG failure detection may be associated with or based on a SCG radio link failure, a failure of the SCG reconfiguration with sync, a control plane (e.g., SRB3) failure of the SCG configuration, a SCG integrity check failure, and/or exceeding a maximum UL transmission timing difference.
• the UE transmits, to the network node based on the detecting the failure, a SCG failure report indicating SCG failure-related information.
• the UE may transmit a UCI indicating the SCG failure information.
• the UE may transmit a MAC-CE indicating the SCG failure information.
• the SCG failure information includes or indicates which of a plurality of failure conditions occurred.
• the SCG failure information may indicate a timer expiration, a random access problem, a max RLC retransmission occurrence, and/or any other suitable information associated with the cell reconfiguration failure.
• the UE transmits, to the network node, a further SCG failure report indicating additional SCG failure-related information different from the first SCG failure information.
• the UE may receive a request from the network node to transmit the further SCG failure report, and may transmit the further SCG failure report based on the request.
• the transmitting the further SCG failure information may comprise transmitting a UE information request indicating the second SCG failure information.
• the second SCG failure information comprises at least one of an indication of a first satisfied conditional event for the cell reconfiguration, or a time duration between a first satisfied condition for the cell reconfiguration and a second satisfied condition for the cell reconfigurati n.
• the SCG failure report may indicate that the second SCG failure information is available for transmission.
• the method 1800 may further include receiving a SCG failure information request from the network node, and the transmitting the further SCG failure report may be based on the SCG failure information request.
• the present disclosure also includes and provides the following exemplary aspects:
• a method of wireless communication performed by a first network unit comprises: transmitting, to a second network unit, an indication of a primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) change associated with a user equipment (UE); transmitting, based on the indication, a successful PScell change (SPC) report configuration; and receiving a SPC report, wherein the SPC report is based on the SPC report configuration and SPC information associated with the UE.
• PScell primary secondary cell group cell
• SPC PScell change
• Aspect 2 The method of aspect 1, wherein: the first network unit comprises a master node; the second network unit comprises a target secondary node (SN); the transmitting the indication of the SPC to the second network unit comprises transmitting a SN addition request to the target SN; and the transmitting the SPC report configuration comprises transmitting the SPC report configuration to the UE.
• the first network unit comprises a master node
• the second network unit comprises a target secondary node (SN)
• the transmitting the indication of the SPC to the second network unit comprises transmitting a SN addition request to the target SN
• the transmitting the SPC report configuration comprises transmitting the SPC report configuration to the UE.
• Aspect 3 The method of aspect 2, wherein: the SPC report configuration indicates one or more trigger thresholds for one or more timers associated with a Master Cell Group (MCG), a Secondary Cell Group (SCG), or both.
• MCG Master Cell Group
• SCG Secondary Cell Group
• Aspect 4 The method of any of aspects 2-3, further comprising: performing a network optimization based on the SPC report, wherein the performing the network optimization comprises at least one of: updating a timer threshold associated with radio link monitoring (RLM) or Beam failure detection (BFD); or detecting near failure scenarios during a SPC or a successful handover.
• RLM radio link monitoring
• BFD Beam failure detection
• Aspect 5 The method of aspect 4, further comprising: receiving, from the UE, a secondary cell group (SCG) failure report; wherein the receiving the SPC report comprises receiving the SPC report from the UE, and wherein the performing the network optimization is based on a correlation of the SCG failure report with the SPC report.
• SCG secondary cell group
• Aspect 6 The method of aspect 4, further comprising: receiving, from the UE, a secondary cell group (SCG) failure report; and wherein the receiving the SPC report comprises receiving the SPC report from a second master node different from the master node, and wherein the performing the network optimization is based on a correlation of the SCG failure report with the SPC report.
• SCG secondary cell group
• the first network unit comprises a secondary node (SN);
• the transmitting the indication of the PScell change to the second network unit comprises transmitting a SN change request to a master node;
• the transmitting the SPC report configuration comprises transmitting a first PScell change report configuration to the master node;
• the receiving the SPC report comprises receiving the SPC report from the master node.
• Aspect 8 The method of aspect 7, wherein: the SN change request indicates a threshold for a first timer, and wherein the SPC report is based on the first PScell change report configuration and a second PScell change report configuration, wherein the second PScell change report configuration indicates a threshold for a second timer associated with a target SN.
• Aspect 9 The method of any of aspects 7-8, further comprising: performing a network optimization based on the SPC report.
• Aspect 10 The method of aspect 9, further comprising: receiving, from the master node, a secondary cell group (SCG) failure report, wherein the receiving the SPC report comprises receiving the SPC report from the master node, and wherein the performing the network optimization is based on a correlation of the SCG failure report with the SPC report.
• SCG secondary cell group
• Aspect 11 The method of aspect 9, further comprising: receiving, from the master node, a secondary cell group (SCG) failure report, wherein the receiving the SPC report comprises receiving the SPC report from a second master node different from the master node, and wherein the performing the network optimization is based on a correlation of the SCG failure report with the SPC report.
• SCG secondary cell group
• Aspect 12 The method of any of aspects 1-11, further comprising: receiving a secondary cell group (SCG) failure report, wherein: the SCG failure report includes a first indicator associated with the SPC report, the SPC report includes a second indicator associated with the SCG failure report; or a combination thereof; and performing a network optimization based on a correlation of the SCG failure report with the SPC report, wherein the correlation is based on at least one of the first indicator or the second indicator.
• SCG secondary cell group
• a method of wireless communication performed by a first master node comprising: receiving, from a second master node, a handover (HO) request; transmitting, to a first secondary node (SN), a primary secondary cell group cell (PScell) change request; receiving, from a user equipment (UE), a first message indicating successful HO information is available and SPC information is available; transmitting, to the UE based on the first message, at least one request for the successful HO information and the SPC information; and receiving, from the UE based on the at least one request, a successful HO report indicating the successful HO information and a SPC report indicating the SPC information.
• HO handover
• SN first secondary node
• PScell primary secondary cell group cell
• Aspect 14 The method of aspect 13, further comprising: transmitting, to the UE, a successful HO report configuration indicating one or more trigger thresholds for one or more timers associated with at least one of a master cell group (MCG) or a secondary cell group (SCG), wherein the successful HO report is based on the successful HO report configuration.
• MCG master cell group
• SCG secondary cell group
• a secondary node SN
• PScell successful primary secondary cell group cell
• Aspect 16 The method of aspect 15, wherein the transmitting the SPC report comprises transmitting the SPC report to a master node in communication with the SN.
• Aspect 17 The method of aspect 15, wherein the transmitting the SPC report comprises transmitting the SPC report to the SN.
• SCG secondary cell group
• Aspect 19 The method of aspect 18, wherein the further SCG failure report comprises at least one of: an indication of a first satisfied condition associated with the reconfiguration message for PSCell change; or a time duration between a first satisfied condition and a second satisfied condition associated with the reconfiguration message for PSCell change.
• Aspect 20 The method of any of aspects 18-19, wherein: the UE indicates in at least one of the SCG failure report or the further SCG failure report that the additional SCG failure-related information is available for transmission; the method further comprises: receiving, from the network node, an additional SCG failure information request; and the transmitting the additional SCG failure report is based on the receiving the SCG failure information request.
• a first network unit comprises: a memory device; a transceiver; and a processor in communication with the processor and the transceiver, wherein the first network unit is configured to perform the actions of any of aspects 1-12.
• a first master node comprises: a memory device; a transceiver; and a processor in communication with the processor and the transceiver, wherein the first master node is configured to perform the actions of any of aspects 13-14.
• a UE comprises: a memory device; a transceiver; and a processor in communication with the processor and the transceiver, wherein the UE is configured to perform the actions of any of aspects 15-17.
• a UE comprises: a memory device; a transceiver; and a processor in communication with the processor and the transceiver, wherein the UE is configured to perform the actions of any of aspects 18-20.
• Aspect 25 A non- transitory, computer-readable medium having program code recorded thereon, wherein the program code comprises instructions executable by a processor of a first network unit, wherein the instructions comprise code for causing the first network unit to perform the actions of any of aspects 1-12.
• Aspect 26 A non-transitory, computer-readable medium having program code recorded thereon, wherein the program code comprises instructions executable by a processor of a first master node, wherein the instructions comprise code for causing the first master node to perform the actions of any of aspects 13-14.
• Aspect 27 A non-transitory, computer-readable medium having program code recorded thereon, wherein the program code comprises instructions executable by a processor of a UE, wherein the instructions comprise code for causing the UE node to perform the actions of any of aspects 15-17.
• Aspect 28 A non-transitory, computer-readable medium having program code recorded thereon, wherein the program code comprises instructions executable by a processor of a UE, wherein the instructions comprise code for causing the UE node to perform the actions of any of aspects 18-20.
• Aspect 29 A first network unit comprising means for performing actions of any of aspects 1-12.
• Aspect 30 A first master node comprising means for performing actions of any of aspects 13-14.
• a UE comprising means for performing actions of any of aspects 15-17.
• a UE comprising means for performing actions of any of aspects 18-20.
• Information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
• a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
• a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).
• the functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described above can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
• “or” as used in a list of items indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of [at least one of A, B, or C] means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C).

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• 2023
  • 2023-08-07 EP EP23765021.3A patent/EP4569857A1/de active Pending
  • 2023-08-07 WO PCT/US2023/029656 patent/WO2024035650A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2023-08-07 CN CN202380056444.4A patent/CN119605215A/zh active Pending

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