Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
  • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
  • E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
  • E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
  • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
  • E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
  • E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
  • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
  • E06B3/6612—Evacuated glazing units

Definitions

• Double glazing typically comprises two glass panes coupled along their periphery by a peripheral spacer creating an internal space.
• said internal space is evacuated or filled with air and/or inert gas, to further lower heat transfer and/or reduce the sound transmission.
• the multiple glazing will further comprise one or more high thermal insulating coating such a low-emissivity coating to reduce the energy transmission by radiation.
• Such low-emissivity coating are particularly efficient in energy saving in the winter since they minimize the amount of energy dissipated to the outside environment.
• Multiple glazing contributes to the thermal comfort inside the building in winter conditions. In more temperate conditions, low-emissivity coating are known to balance thermal insulation with high levels of natural light.
• the present invention relates to a multiple glazing extending along a plane, P, defined by a longitudinal axis, X, and a vertical axis, Z and having a bottom edge and a top edge parallel to the longitudinal axis, X, and lateral edges, parallel to a vertical axis, Z; configured to close an opening within a partition separating an exterior space from an interior space. It comprises a first glass pane having an inner face and an outer face; a second glass pane having an inner face and an outer face; and a peripheral spacer positioned between the inner faces of the first and second glass panes, over a perimeter thereof, that maintains a distance there between.
• the peripheral spacer and the inner faces of the first and second glass panes define an internal space, Sp.
• the first glass pane faces the exterior space.
• At least the inner face of the first glass pane comprise a selective solar control coating and/or a low emissivity coating.
• the multiple glazing comprises a Peltier module comprising at least one Peltier element, and is fixed on the inner face of the first glass pane and/or on the inner face of the second glass pane.
• a Peltier module is fixed on the inner face of the second glass pane.
• the inner face of the first glass pane comprises a selective solar control coating (4a).
• the selective solar control coating is based on two or three metallic functional layers, especially metallic functional layers based on silver or on silver-containing metal alloys.
• the inner face of the second glass pane comprises a low emissivity coating.
• the low emissivity coating is based on one or more metallic functional layers, especially metallic functional layers based on silver or on silver-containing metal alloys.
• the Peltier module is located along the top edge and/or along the bottom edge of the multiple glazing.
• the Peltier module further comprises at least one second Peltier element; more preferably both Peltier elements are fixed on the inner face of the second glass pane.
• the Peltier module can further comprise at least one thermal exchanger and/or conductive device.
• the Peltier module is coupled to a temperature regulation device.
• Figure 1 shows a cross sectional view of a multiple glazing according to one embodiment of the present invention wherein the multiple glazing comprises two Peltier modules, each comprising one Peltier element, and an opaque photovoltaic module within the glazing.
• Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a multiple glazing according to another embodiment of the present invention wherein the multiple glazing comprises two Peltier modules , each comprising one Peltier element, and a laminated photovoltaic glass pane.
• Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a multiple glazing according to yet another embodiment of the present invention wherein the multiple glazing comprises one Peltier module comprising several Peltier elements, and an opaque photovoltaic module outside the glazing.
• Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a multiple glazing according to yet another embodiment of the present invention wherein the multiple glazing is a triple glazing that comprises two Peltier modules, each comprising two Peltier elements, and an opaque photovoltaic module outside the glazing.
• the objective of the present invention to provide a multiple glazing that demonstrates thermal comfort in all seasons, especially for large glazing surfaces promoting high amount of natural light.
• Another objective of the present invention is to provide a multiple glazing which is very energy efficient by balancing high thermal insulation and high solar control performances and such by avoiding the negative effect of hot or a cold inside glass surface.
• a further objective is indeed to reach the climate control goals of energy savings and reduced carbon footprint. Indeed, the amount (and therefore the cost) of heating and cooling a home is closely related to the performance of the glazing. An initial investment in an energy efficient glazing can greatly reduce the need of heating and/or cooling and hence the corresponding bill.
• the Peltier module comprises at least one Peltier element.
• the Peltier module has a hot side and a cold side.
• the Peltier module will heat the glass pane facing the interior space at least up to the ambient air temperature. This allows to reduce the need of heating of the interior space.
• the Peltier module will cool the surface of the glass pane facing the interior space at least up to the ambient air temperature. This allows to reduce the need of air conditioning of the interior space.
• the insulating performance of a glazing is typically measured by the U-value for thermal insulating performance, and the solar heat gain coefficient also referred to as the solar factor coefficient for solar control performance.
• the U-value calculation of a glazing is a measure of the heat flow between 2 zones per one temperature degree difference and per one square meter. It measures the intrinsic thermal performance of the glazing.
• the intrinsic U-value depends of the thermal coefficients of the materials of the glazing and is expressed in W/m 2 K as provided in standard norm EN 673.
• a simplified equation allows to evaluate the effective thermal insulating performance of glazing within its environment at a fixed point in time: the instant U-value of a glazing is based upon its surface temperature (tempSurf) at a fixed point in time, to which corresponds fixed external and internal temperatures.
• the instant U-value can be estimated by the following equation (1) :
• the multiple glazing of the present invention allows to counteract such negative effect reaching in a surprising way, a lower instant U-value.
• the difference between TempAmb and TempSurf can be limited, limiting as well the conductive and radiative heat flow. This results in an instant U-value lower than the intrinsic U-value.
• the multiple glazing (A) comprises a first glass pane, GP1, having an inner face (11) and an outer face (12); a second glass pane, GP2, having an inner face (21) and an outer face (22); and a peripheral spacer (3) positioned between the inner faces (11-21) of the first and second glass panes, over a perimeter thereof, that maintains a distance there between.
• the peripheral spacer (3), the inner faces of the first (11) and second (21) glass panes define an internal space, Sp.
• the first glass pane, GP1 faces the exterior space.
• the inner face of the first glass pane (11) comprise a selective solar control coating and/or a low emissivity coating, preferably a selective solar control coating (4a), more preferably the selective solar control coating is based on two or three metallic functional layers, especially metallic functional layers based on silver or on silver- containing metal alloys.
• the inner face of the second glass pane (21) comprises a low emissivity coating (4b), preferably the low emissivity coating is based on one or more metallic functional layers, especially metallic functional layers based on silver or on silver-containing metal alloys.
• the inner face of the first glass pane comprises a selective solar control coating and the inner face of the second glass pane comprise a low emissivity coating.
• the multiple glazing of the present invention comprise a Peltier module (5) being fixed on the inner face of the first glass pane (11) and/or on the inner face of the second glass pane (21).
• Such Peltier module can be fixed by example via a thermal glue or any other suitable means.
• the Peltier module comprises at least one Peltier element (6) which provides to the Peltier module a hot side and a cold side.
• the Peltier module can further comprise at least one heat or cold transfer device such as a conductive device and/or one or more other Peltier element(s), in order to conduct cold or heat from a zone to another zone; and/or at least a heat or cold removal device such as a thermal exchanger, in order to dissipate the cold or heat flow.
• the multiple glazing comprises a first Peltier module (5) fixed at the top edge of the multiple glazing, on the inner face of the second glass pane (21) and a second Peltier module (5) fixed at the bottom edge of the multiple glazing on the inner face of the second glass pane (21).
• Each Peltier module (5) comprise one Peltier element (6) that is in direct contact with the inner face of the second glass pane (21) and a thermal exchanger (7a).
• the multiple glazing further comprises a photovoltaic module (8) that comprises an opaque solar cell, located behind the first glass pane, and that will provide the electric supply to the 2 Peltier modules. Electricity supply to the Peltier modules can be also brought by a regular external source to the multiple glazing (not represented).
• the multiple glazing further comprises a temperature sensor (10) located on the outer face (22) of the second glass pane, as part of the temperature regulation device (9).
• FIG 3 illustrates a third embodiment of the present invention wherein the multiple glazing (A) is a double glazing comprising a first glass pane, GP1, having an inner face (11) and an outer pane face (12); a second glass pane, GP2, having an inner face (21) and an outer pane face (22); and a peripheral spacer (3) positioned between the inner faces of the first and second glass panes, defining the internal space, Sp,
• the first glass pane, GP1 faces the exterior space.
• the inner face of the first glass pane (11) comprise a selective solar control coating (4a) and the inner face of the second glass pane (21) comprises a low emissivity coating (4b).
• the multiple glazing comprises a single Peltier module (5) fixed at the top edge of the multiple glazing, on the inner face of the second glass pane (21) and on the inner face of the first glass pane (11).
• the Peltier module (5) comprises a first and a second Peltier elements (6) wherein a first Peltier element is in direct contact with the inner face of the second glass pane (21) and wherein a second Peltier element is in direct contact with the inner face of first glass pane (11).
• the Peltier module further comprises additional Peltier elements located between the first and the second Peltier elements, arranged in a head-to-tail sequence and fixed to each other via a thermal glue or any other suitable means. Those additional Peltier elements function as a conductive device.
• FIG. 4 illustrates a fourth embodiment of the present invention wherein the multiple glazing (A) is a triple glazing comprising a first glass pane, GP1, having an inner face (11) and an outer pane face (12); a second glass pane, GP2, having an inner face (21) and an outer pane face (22); and a third glass pane, GP3, positioned between the first glass pane, GP1, and the second glass pane, GP2.
• the triple glazing comprises 2 peripheral spacers (3) : one positioned between the first and third glass panes, defining a first internal space, Sp, and one positioned between the third and second glass panes, defining a second internal space, Sp.
• the first glass pane, GP1 faces the exterior space.
• the inner face of the first glass pane (11) comprise a selective solar control coating (4a) and the inner face of the second glass pane (21) comprises a low emissivity coating (4b).
• the multiple glazing comprises a first Peltier module (5) fixed at the top edge of the multiple glazing and a second Peltier module (5) fixed at the bottom edge of the multiple glazing.
• Each Peltier module (5) comprises a first and a second Peltier elements (6); a first Peltier element is in direct contact with the inner pane of the second glass pane (21) and a second Peltier element is in direct contact with the inner pane of the first glass pane (11).
• Each Peltier module further comprises a conductive device (7b) located between the two Peltier elements (6).
• said spacer comprises a desiccant and has typically a thickness comprised between 4 mm to 32 mm, preferably 4 to 22 mm preferably 4 to 16 mm, more preferably 6 to 12 mm.
• the internal space Sp is filled with air and/or inert gas selected from dry air, argon, xenon, krypton, or mixtures thereof, preferably from argon or a mixture of air and argon.
• air and/or inert gas selected from dry air, argon, xenon, krypton, or mixtures thereof, preferably from argon or a mixture of air and argon.
• the nature of gas and the distance between GP1 and GP2 (or GP3 if present) are selected to provide appropriate reduction of heat transfer and/or sound transmission.
• the second glass pane and/or the third glass pane of the multiple glazing is a vacuum insulating glazing also referred to as VIG.
• a vacuum insulating glazing unit is typically composed of at least two glass panes separated by an internal volume in which a vacuum has been generated.
• the absolute pressure inside the glazing unit is typically 0.1 mbar or less and generally at least one of the two glass panes is covered with a low- emissivity coating.
• the Peltier module is located along the top edge and/or along the bottom edge of the multiple glazing.
• the temperature of surface of the glass pane facing the interior space becomes lower than the ambient air temperature.
• the Peltier module along the bottom edge of the multiple glazing is preferred since the hot side of the Peltier module fixed to the inner face of the glass pane facing the interior space generates an ascending conductive and radiative heat flow.
• the surface of the glass pane facing the interior space becomes higher than the ambient air temperature.
• the Peltier module along the top edge of the multiple glazing is preferred since the cold side of the Peltier module fixed to the inner face of the glass pane facing the interior space generates a descending conductive and radiative cold flow.
• the Peltier element provides to the Peltier module a hot side and a cold side.
• One side of the Peltier element can be directly in contact with the inner face of the glass pane facing the inside space and/or with the inner face of the glass pane facing the exterior space as exemplified in Figures 1-4.
• the Peltier module is fixed directly on the glass pane whether the glass pane is coated, partially coated or not coated.
• the Peltier module comprises at least one Peltier element that is coupled to a heat or cold transfer device such as a conductive device, for example an aluminum profile or any other suitable device, which is directly in contact with the inner face of the glass pane facing the interior or exterior space.
• the heat or cold transfer device has the function to conduct the cold or heat generated by the Peltier element from a zone to another zone depending on the direction of current flow within the conductors that ensures the reversibility of the system.
• the other side of the Peltier element is fixed via a thermal glue or any other suitable means to a heat or cold removal device such as a thermal exchanger.
• a heat or cold removal device such as a thermal exchanger.
• the heat or cold removal device can be in direct contact with the inner face of the glass pane facing the exterior or interior space, may be aligned with the surface of the outer face of the glass pane facing the exterior or interior space, or it can even extend along the full perimeter of the multiple glazing.
• the heat or cold removal device has the function to dissipate the cold or heat generated by the Peltier element depending on the direction of current flow within the conductors that ensures the reversibility of the system.
• the Peltier module can be coupled to a temperature regulation device to allow the user to set a comfortable temperature to be achieved by the multiple glazing.
• a temperature regulation device to allow the user to set a comfortable temperature to be achieved by the multiple glazing.
• the intrinsic U-value of the multiple glazing reflecting the thermal insulating performances is actively impacted and is expressed by switching to the instantaneous U-value that will be lower or even approaching zero.
• a temperature sensor located on the glass surface of the glass pane facing the inside space records if the temperature of the glass surface becomes lower or higher than the ambient air temperature depending on the climatic loads throughout a day.
• the Peltier modules may consequently be activated thanks to the temperature regulation device that will set the direction of current flow. Depending on the recorded temperatures, the Peltier module will heat or cool the inner face of the glass pane facing the inside space, preventing or reducing the need of over-heating or over-cooling of the interior space.
• Electricity supply to the Peltier modules can be brought by a regular external source to the multiple glazing and/or by a photovoltaic module encompassed within the multiple glazing.
• the electricity supply can be provided by the glazing itself via a photovoltaic module.
• This embodiment is indeed preferred because it prevents the use of external source of electricity.
• the multiple glazing becomes autonomous, or at least limits the use of external source of electricity, to provide the thermal comfort in all seasons.
• the photovoltaic module can be part of the glass pane such as a building integrated photovoltaic glazing also referred a BIPV or alternatively can be external to the glass pane.
• the photovoltaic module can be further coupled to an energy storage device which is particularly advantageous in summer conditions where the solar energy is more prominent than in winter conditions.
• the photovoltaic module can comprise at least one opaque and/or transparent solar cell module, preferably at least one opaque solar cell module.
• opaque photovoltaic solar cell module can be external to the multiple glazing and is preferably located along the top edge and/or at the bottom edge of the multiple glazing, preferably at the bottom edge of the multiple glazing in order to capture the majority of the solar energy and to generate an optimized electricity supply.
• the opaque solar cell module can be a separate element from the glass pane and located on the outer face of the glass pane facing the exterior space.
• the photovoltaic module is an opaque solar cell module which can be located within the multiple glazing on the inner face of the glass pane facing the exterior space.
• Such opaque solar cell module can be separated from the peripheral spacer, encompassed within the peripheral spacer or replace part of the peripheral spacer.
• the opaque solar cell module is separated from the peripheral spacer for easier mounting within the multiple glazing and/or its maintenance.
• the multiple glazing of the present invention is then particularly advantageous for providing a multiple glazing designed into a plug and play configuration, the multiple glazing can then be installed like conventional multiple glazing.
• the photovoltaic module may be coupled to the Peltier module across the perimeter of the multiple glazing, preferably outside the peripheral spacer, according known ways in the art of manufacturing photovoltaic glazing producing electric supply.
• the present multiple glazing has high thermal insulation and high solar performances, provided by high performance insulating coatings, in order to provide an energy efficient multiple glazing irrespective of the climatic conditions.
• High performance insulating coatings are generally stacks of multiple layers wherein a functional layer, that is the layer mainly responsible for acting on solar radiation and/or long- wavelength infrared radiation, is a metallic coating layer. It is well known that such metal-based insulating coatings are the standard choice of insulating coatings for best opto-energetical performance, whether it is for solar control performance or for low-emissivity performance.
• These insulating coatings that are based on metallic functional layers may comprise one or more metallic functional layers, for example two or three metallic functional layers, especially metallic functional layers based on silver or on silver-containing metal alloys.
• Metal-based insulating coating comprises an alternating arrangement of n infrared reflecting metallic functional layers and n+1 dielectric films, with n > 1, such that each functional layer is surrounded by dielectric films.
• the low emissivity coating (4b), is preferably based on one or more metallic functional layers, especially metallic functional layers based on silver or on silver-containing metal alloys. Said low emissivity coating ensures thermal insulation performances during winter conditions.
• a low emissivity coating is intended to mean a coating developed to minimize the amount of ultraviolet and long wave infrared light (heat) that can pass through glass without compromising the amount of visible light that is transmitted.
• dielectric materials include, but are not limited to, silicon based oxides, silicon based nitrides, zinc oxides, aluminum doped zinc oxides, zinc-based oxides, tin oxides, mixed zinc-tin oxides, silicon nitrides, silicon oxynitrides, titanium oxides, aluminum oxides, zirconium oxides, niobium oxides, aluminum nitrides, bismuth oxides, mixed silicon-zirconium nitrides, and mixtures of at least two thereof, such as for example titanium-zirconium oxides, titanium-niobium oxides, zinctitanium oxides, zinc-gallium oxides, zinc-indium-gallium oxides (IGZO), zinc-titanium-aluminum oxides (ZTAO), zinc-tin-titanium oxides, zinc-aluminum-vanadium oxides, zinc-aluminum- molybdenum oxides, zinc-aluminum
• the metallic layers may be provided with barrier layers to limit their oxidation.
• barriers layers include layers comprising nickel, chromium, palladium, titanium, tungsten, zirconium, zinc, and mixtures or alloys thereof, in metallic, oxided or nitrided forms.
• absorbent material is meant a material which absorbs a part of the visible radiation.
• absorbent material include NiCr, W, Nb, Pd, Si, Ti, or alloys based on Ni and/or Cr and/or W; or from TiN, CrN, WN, NbN, TaN, ZrN, NiCrN, or NiCrWN, or a mixture of these nitrides.
• Examples of selective solar control coatings include stacks of thin layers comprising 2 or 3 silver layers surrounded by dielectric layers comprising oxides, nitrides or oxynitrides of tin, zinc, titanium, silicon, and mixtures or alloys thereof.
• at least one dielectric layer positioned between 2 silver layers may comprise at least one layer of absorbent material.
• the silver layers may be provided with metallic barrier layers of nickel, chromium, palladium, titanium, tungsten, zirconium, and mixtures or alloys thereof, or of zinc oxide.
• Examples of low emissivity coatings include stacks of thin layers comprising 1 silver layer surrounded by 2 dielectric layers comprising oxides, nitrides or oxynitrides of tin, zinc, titanium, silicon, and mixtures or alloys thereof.
• anti-reflective coatings that can be provided on at least one the glass panes of the multiple glazing unit, to provide for further functionalities.
• the glass panes GP1 and/or GP2 and/or the third glass pane, GP3 of the multiple glazing can be a laminated glass pane.
• the polymer interlayer typically comprises a material selected from the group consisting of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyisobutylene (PIB), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), autoclave-free polyvinyl butyral (Autoclave-free PVB), polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl chlorides (PVC), polyesters, copolyesters, polyacetals, cyclo olefin polymers (COP), ionomers and/or an ultraviolet activated adhesive, and others known in the art of manufacturing glass laminates.
• EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
• PIB polyisobutylene
• PVB polyvinyl butyral
• Autoclave-free PVB Autoclave-free PVB
• PU polyurethane
• PVC polyvinyl chlorides
• polyesters copoly
• the glass pane GP1 can be a photovoltaic glass pane integrating a photovoltaic polymer interlayer as a part of the photovoltaic module.
• polymers should exhibit the appropriate optical properties (e.g., a wide range of absorption and low energy gap), good durability and stability (not undergoing any phase transitions or degradation in the temperature range in which the system is working), and relevant electronic structure.
• the present invention further covers a window that comprises the multiple glazing of the present invention, a fixed frame, and sealing elements mounted on the fixed frame and/or on the multiple glazing for sealingly closing the opening of the partition when the multiple glazing is in the closed position.
• Windows whether openable such as casement windows, tilting windows and glass doors as well as non-openable windows, typically comprise a multiple glazing coupled to a fixed frame mounted in an opening of a wall or similar.
• the multiple glazing can be a framed glazing or a frameless glazing.
• Coatings are described in Table 1 and Table 2 presents several multiple glazing configurations that are highly advantageous in terms of insulating capabilities.
• Examples 1 to 7 illustrate multiple glazing which are energy efficient and demonstrate the delicate balance between thermal insulation and solar control performances.
• Intrinsic U-values are around 1 or even around 0.4 for very high energy efficient configuration such as illustrated in examples 3 and 7.
• SHGC is below 0.4, preferably in the range from 0.2 to 0.3.
• the temperature difference between the temperature of the glass pane surface, TempSurf, facing the interior space and the temperature of the interior space, TempAmb, is actively limited during climatic loads throughout the day by activating the Peltier Module. Thereby the heat flow from the interior space to exterior space is greatly reduced and can be even close to zero.
• the thermal performance typically assessed by the intrinsic U-value of the multiple glazing can now be assessed by the more representative instant U- value that can be significantly decreased to lower values and even close to zero. Therefore, a double or triple glazing configuration having both high thermal insulating coating and high selective solar control coating as illustrated in examples 1 to 7 above, are preferred glazing configurations to provide thermal comfort in all seasons, especially for large glazing surfaces promoting high amount of natural light.
• the multiple glazing is designed, especially for large glazing surfaces.
• the multiple glazing has a visible light transmission (TL) of at least 40%.
• the luminous transmission/transmittance of the glazing is the visible transmission measured with illuminant D65 for a sheet thickness of 4 mm (TLD4) at a solid angle of observation of 2° (according to standard IS09050).
• the intrinsic U-value of the different multiple glazing illustrated below is calculated as per norm EN673 and the SHGC is calculated as per norm EN410.
• Intrinsic U-Value (Watts) amount of heat conducted through the multiple glazing
• T Temperature difference between Exterior air temperature (TempExt) and ambient air temperature (TempAmb) fixed at a delta of 15 (A15). • in winter conditions for a TempExt of 5°C and a TempAmb of 20°C; or
• A total glazed area of a home fixed at 25m 2 .
• the heat loss of this conventional multiple glazing is 562 W/h (calculated as per the above formulation (2)).
• the corresponding heat loss expressed in kW per year (kW/y) is 1.213kW/y.
• the heat loss expressed in kW per year (kW/y) is calculated by multiplying the heat loss * 24 (24h per day) * 30 (30 days/month) and *3 (3 summer months). In summer, the heat loss is reflected in the need of air- conditioning to maintain thermal comfort in the interior space.
• the heat loss has been calculated in Table 3 as per the above formulation (2) for the reference conventional multiple glazing as well as for some of the multiple glazing of table 2 in hot summer conditions.
• Such multiple glazing of Table 2 and that are used preferably in the present invention have in addition to their low intrinsic U-value, a high solar control (i.e. SCGH ⁇ 0.4).
• SCGH solar control
• the heat loss of an energy efficient multiple glazing to be used in the present invention can be reduced to 842 kW/y or even lower reaching 315 kW/y. This amounts to a reduction of heat loss from 31% to 74%.
• the reference conventional multiple glazing which is designed to provide insulation performance during cold climatic conditions has a solar factor coefficient of 0.7 and an intrinsic U- value of 1.5.
• this reference multiple glazing provides some negative effect. Indeed, with a SHGC of 0.7, a large portion of the sun heat in the near infrared wavelengths, is entering the building, and because of the high thermal insulating performance of the glazing, a large portion of this energy is not dissipated to the outside of the building. Consequently, the temperature of the glass surface facing the interior of the building significantly increases and becomes higher than the ambient temperature of the inside of the building.
• the hot inside glass surface gives hot thermal radiation resulting in increasing further the ambient air temperature and requiring more air-conditioning.
• the insulation performance of a multiple glazing designated to provide insulation performance during cold climatic conditions have a negative impact on the thermal comfort when subjected to hot climatic loads above 30°C.
• the temperature of the surface of the glass pane facing the interior space of this conventional multiple glazing can reach 40°C and even sometimes 50°C .
• Uinstant (Watts) amount of heat conducted through the multiple glazing at a fixed point in time
• TempAmb 25°C
• TempExt 40°C
• TempSurf 26°C or 25.5°C or 25.1°C
• the glass surface temperature of the glass pane facing the interior space, TempSurf can indeed be set by the temperature regulation device that is coupled the Peltier module(s).
• TempSurf can be set by the user at 19°C or 19.5°C or 19.9°C.
• TempSurf can be set by the user at 26°C or 25.5°C or 25.1°C.
• the amount of heat or coldness brought by the Peltier module(s) can be modulated by the amount of electricity provided and will depend on the temperature difference between temperature of the glass surface facing the interior space (TempSurf) and Ambiant air temperature (TempAmb) accepted by the user to provide thermal comfort.
• the user can set such temperature difference at 1°C , 0.5°C, 0.1°C or even 0°C and thereby decrease the need for air-conditioning.
• Table 4 illustrates different embodiments of the multiple glazing of the present invention quantifying the heat loss reduction for a given intrinsic U-Value that switches to an instantaneous U-value by activation of the Peltier module in response to climatic loads throughout the day, in hot conditions.
• the Uinstant is calculated with formulation (1) wherein the TempAmb is set at 25°C and the TempExt is set at 40°C.
• the heat loss is calculated as per the above formulation (2) wherein the TempAmb is set at 25°C and the TempExt is set at 40°C.

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• 2023
  • 2023-08-01 EP EP23748080.1A patent/EP4581229A1/de active Pending
  • 2023-08-01 WO PCT/EP2023/071242 patent/WO2024046683A1/en not_active Ceased

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