Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
  • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
  • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
  • F01K25/12—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being metallic, e.g. mercury

Definitions

• the first process stream provided in (i) has a weight hourly space velocity in the range of from 200 to 20,000 IT 1 , more preferably in the range of from 400 to 15,000 IT 1 , more preferably from 600 to 10,000 IT 1 , more preferably from 1 ,000 to 5,000 IT 1 .
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises:
• the target process comprises NH3 reforming, and wherein transferring heat according to (ii.b) comprises at least partially converting NH3 to H2 and N2.
• the heated first process stream obtained in (ii.b) has a temperature T2, wherein T2 is more preferably in the range of from 350 to 1 ,225 °C, more preferably in the range of from greater than 350 °C to 1 ,225 °C, more preferably in the range of from 375 °C to 1 ,225 °C, more preferably in the range of from 450 to 1 ,175 °C, more preferably in the range of from 550 to 1 ,075 °C.
• the heated first process stream obtained in (ii.b) has a pressure in the range of from 0.01 to 300 bar(abs), more preferably in the range of from 1 to 275 bar(abs), more preferably in the range of from 5 to 250 bar(abs), more preferably from 10 to 200 bar(abs), more preferably from 20 to 150 bar(abs), more preferably from 50 to 100 bar(abs).
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises:
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), preferably (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), (ii.6), and (ii.7)
• the stream provided in (ii.2) has a temperature equal to or greater than 300 °C, more preferably in the range of from 300 °C to 1000 °C, more preferably in the range of from 350 °C to 850°C.
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), preferably (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), (ii.6), and (ii.7)
• the stream provided in (ii.2) has a pressure in the range of from 0.1 bar(abs) to 50 bar(abs), more preferably in the range of from 0.5 bar(abs) to 30 bar(abs), more preferably in the range of from 1 bar(abs) to 20 bar(abs).
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), preferably (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), (ii.6), and (ii.7)
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), preferably (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), (ii.6), and (ii.7)
• the heat transfer medium in the stream provided in (ii.2) is a two-phase fluid with a vapor phase and a liquid phase.
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), preferably (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), (ii.6), and (ii.7)
• transferring the heat in (ii.3) is conducted using a heat exchanger (5), wherein the heat exchanger preferably comprises one or more of an internal or external coil, a jacket heater, a double wall heat exchanger, an internal pipe heater, and a shell and tube heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger is preferably a reactor containing the first process stream provided in (i), more preferably the wall of a reactor containing the first process stream provided in (i).
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), preferably (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), (ii.6), and (ii.7)
• the heated stream obtained in (ii.3) has a temperature in the range of from 200 °C to 700 °C, preferably in the range of from 250 °C to 650 °C, more preferably in the range of from 350 °C to 550 °C.
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), preferably (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), (ii.6), and (ii.7)
• the heated stream obtained in (ii.3) is in the superheated vapor state.
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), preferably (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), (ii.6), and (ii.7)
• the heated stream obtained in (ii.3) is in the supercritical state.
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), preferably (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), (ii.6), and (ii.7)
• increasing the pressure of the stream according to (ii.4) is conducted using a compressor (12).
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), preferably (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), (ii.6), and (ii.7)
• increasing the pressure of the stream according to (ii.4) is conducted using a multi-stage compressor (12), the multi-stage compressor preferably comprising one or more working media, preferably one or two working media, wherein the two working media are chemically and/or physically different from each other.
• the multi-stage compressor comprises one or more stages, wherein independently from one another each stage comprises a temperature elevation in the range of from 20 to 500 °C, more preferably in the range of from 50 to 200 °C.
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), preferably (ii.1), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), (ii.6), and (ii.7)
• a heat exchanger (2) wherein the heat exchanger more preferably comprises one or more of an internal or external coil, a jacket heater, a double wall heat exchanger, an internal pipe heater, and a shell and tube heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger is preferably a reactor containing the first process stream provided in (i), more preferably the wall of a reactor containing the first process stream provided in (i).
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), preferably (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), (ii.6), and (ii.7)
• the target process comprises NHs reforming
• transferring heat according to (ii.5) comprises at least partially converting NH3 to H2 and N2.
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), preferably (ii.1 ), (ii.2), (ii.3), (ii.4), (ii.5), (ii.6), and (ii.7)
• a compressed stream is obtained having a temperature in the range of from 375 °C to 1 ,400 °C, more preferably in the range of from 475 °C to 1 ,100 °C, more preferably in the range of from 550 to 1 ,000 °C.
• first heat transfer medium in (ii.2’) and the second heat transfer medium in (ii.5’) are independently from one another selected from the group consisting of mercury, cesium, rubidium, potassium, sodium, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, preferably hydrochlorofluoroolefins, more preferably one or more of (Z)- 1-Chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, hydrofluorocarbons, preferably hydrofluoroole
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises (ii.1 ’), (ii.2’), (ii.3’), (ii.4’), (ii.5’), (ii.6’), (ii.7’), (ii.8’), (ii.9’), (ii.1 O’), (ii.11 ’), and (ii.12’)
• the stream (10a) provided in (ii.2’) has a temperature equal to or greater than 300 °C, more preferably in the range of from 300 °C to 1000 °C, more preferably in the range of from 350 °C to 850°C.
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises (ii.1 ’), (ii.2’), (ii.3’), (ii.4’), (ii.5’), (ii.6’), (ii.7’), (ii.8’), (ii.9’), (ii.1 O’), (ii.11 ’), and (ii.12’)
• it is preferred increasing the pressure of the heated stream (11a) is conducted using a compressor (12a).
• the stream (10b) provided in (ii.5’) has a temperature equal to or greater than 325 °C, more preferably in the range of from 325 to 1 ,000 °C, more preferably in the range of from 375 to 850 °C, more preferably in the range of from 450 to 650 °C, more preferably in the range of from 500 to 600 °C.
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises (ii.1 ’), (ii.2’), (ii.3’), (ii.4’), (ii.5’), (ii.6’), (ii.7’), (ii.8’), (ii.9’), (ii.1 O’), (ii.11 ’), and (ii.12’)
• a heat exchanger 13
• the heat exchanger preferably comprises one or more of an internal or external coil, a jacket heater, a double wall heat exchanger, an internal pipe heater, and a shell and tube heat exchanger.
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises (ii.1 ’), (ii.2’), (ii.3’), (ii.4’), (ii.5’), (ii.6’), (ii.7’), (ii.8’), (ii.9’), (ii.1 O’), (ii.11 ’), and (ii.12’)
• a compressed stream (8a) is obtained having a temperature in the range of from 355 °C to 1 ,400 °C, more preferably in the range of from 455 °C to 655 °C, more preferably in the range of from 505 to 605 °C.
• the heated stream (11 b) obtained in (ii.6’) has a temperature in the range of from 350 °C to 1150 °C, more preferably in the range of from 450 °C to 650 °C, more preferably in the range of from 500 °C to 600 °C.
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises (ii.1 ’), (ii.2’), (ii.3’), (ii.4’), (ii.5’), (ii.6’), (ii.7’), (ii.8’), (ii.9’), (ii.1 O’), (ii.11 ’), and (ii.12’)
• it is preferred increasing the pressure of the heated stream (11 b) is conducted using a compressor (12b).
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises (ii.1 ’), (ii.2’), (ii.3’), (ii.4’), (ii.5’), (ii.6’), (ii.7’), (ii.8’), (ii.9’), (ii.1 O’), (ii.11 ’), and (ii.12’)
• a heat exchanger (2) wherein the heat exchanger more preferably comprises one or more of an internal or external coil, a jacket heater, a double wall heat exchanger, an internal pipe heater, and a shell and tube heat exchanger.
• the heated first process stream obtained in (ii.1 O’) has a temperature in the range of from 350 to 1 ,225 °C, preferably in the range of from greater than 350 °C to 1 ,225 °C, more preferably in the range of from 375 °C to 1 ,225 °C, more preferably in the range of from 450 to 1 ,175 °C, more preferably in the range of from 550 to 1 ,075 °C.
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises (ii.1 ’), (ii.2’), (ii.3’), (ii.4’), (ii.5’), (ii.6’), (ii.7’), (ii.8’), (ii.9’), (ii.1 O’), (ii.11 ’), and (ii.12’)
• it is preferred expanding according to (ii.7’) and (ii.11 ’) are independently from one another conducted using a thermal expansion valve (9a and/or 9b) or an expansion turbine (9a and/or 9b).
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises (ii.1 ’), (ii.2’), (ii.3’), (ii.4’), (ii.5’), (ii.6’), (ii.7’), (ii.8’), (ii.9’), (ii.1 O’), (ii.11 ’), and (ii.12’)
• the heated first process stream obtained in (ii) is used as feed or co-feed for an endothermic reaction, preferably for a high temperature endothermic reaction.
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises (ii.1 ’), (ii.2’), (ii.3’), (ii.4’), (ii.5’), (ii.6’), (ii.7’), (ii.8’), (ii.9’), (ii.1 O’), (ii.11 ’), and (ii.12’)
• the heated first process stream obtained in (ii) is used as feed stream for a NH3 reforming process.
• the unit bar(abs) refers to an absolute pressure wherein 1 bar equals 10 5 Pa.
• a method for transferring heat to a target process in a chemical production plant comprising:
• transferring heat in (ii) comprises use of a heat pump, wherein the heat pump is selected from the group consisting of a compression heat pump, an absorption heat pump, and a chemisorption heat pump.
• the absorption heat pump is a conventional heat pump (type I heat pump), a heat transformer heat pump (type II heat pump), or an adsorption heat pump, wherein the absorption heat pump is preferably a conventional heat pump.
• the adsorption heat pump comprises and adsorbent, wherein the adsorbent comprises, preferably consists of, one or more of activated carbon, zeolites, and mixtures thereof.
• (ii.1 ) providing heat (4) from a chemical conversion process, from a physicochemical process, or providing ambient heat, or providing a combination of two or more thereof, having a temperature T3, wherein T3 is in the range of from 255 °C to 700 °C; (11.2) providing a stream (10) comprising a heat transfer medium, wherein the stream (10) has a pressure in the range of from 0.001 to 100 bar(abs) and a temperature equal to or greater than 250 °C;
• thermofluorocarbons preferably hydrochlorofluoroolefins, more preferably one or more of (Z)-1-Chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropro- pene, hydrofluorocarbons, preferably hydrofluoroolefins, more preferably one or more of (Z)-1-Chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, hydrocarbons, preferably one or more of butane, pentane, and hexane, ammonia, water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, air, noble gases, preferably one or more of helium, neon, argon, krypton
• thermoelectric transferring the heat in (ii.3) is conducted using a heat exchanger (5), wherein the heat exchanger preferably comprises one or more of an internal or external coil, a jacket heater, a double wall heat exchanger, an internal pipe heater, and a shell and tube heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger is preferably a reactor containing the first process stream provided in (i), more preferably the wall of a reactor containing the first process stream provided in (i).
• a compressed stream is obtained having a pressure in the range of from 1 to 300 bar(abs), preferably in the range of from 5 to 250 bar(abs), more preferably from 10 to 200 bar(abs), more preferably from 20 to 150 bar(abs), more preferably from 50 to 100 bar(abs).
• the heated first process stream obtained in (ii.5) has a temperature in the range of from 350 to 1 ,225 °C, preferably in the range of from greater than 350 °C to 1 ,225 °C, more preferably in the range of from 375 °C to 1 ,225 °C, preferably in the range of from 450 to 1 ,175 °C, more preferably in the range of from 550 to 1 ,075 °C.
• steps (ii.2) to (ii.7) are conducted in a closed system in which the stream comprising a heat transfer medium is circulated.
• the heated first process stream obtained in (ii.5) or (ii.b) is fed into the first reactor having a gas hourly space velocity in the range of from 10 h’ 1 to 50.000 h’ 1 , preferably in the range of from 100 IT 1 to 20,000 IT 1 , more preferably in the range of from 1 ,000 IT 1 to 10,000 IT 1 .
• heating the first product stream according to (iv) comprises transferring heat from the compressed stream obtained in (ii.4) to the first product stream obtained in (iii), for obtaining a heated first product stream, and a compressed stream having a temperature in the range of from 375 °C to 1 ,400 °C.
• first heat transfer medium in (ii .2’) and the second heat transfer medium in (ii.5’) are independently from one another selected from the group consisting of mercury, cesium, rubidium, potassium, sodium, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, preferably hydrochlorofluoroolefins, more preferably one or more of (Z)-1-Chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropro- pene, hydrofluorocarbons, preferably hydrofluoroolefins, more preferably one or more of (Z)-1-Chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, hydrocarbons, preferably one or more of butane, pentane, and hexane, ammonia, water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen,

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• 2023
  • 2023-09-15 WO PCT/EP2023/075516 patent/WO2024056893A1/en not_active Ceased
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  • 2023-09-15 EP EP23785722.2A patent/EP4587687A1/de active Pending
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