EP4590527A1 - Système de conditionnement thermique - Google Patents
Système de conditionnement thermiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP4590527A1 EP4590527A1 EP23772828.2A EP23772828A EP4590527A1 EP 4590527 A1 EP4590527 A1 EP 4590527A1 EP 23772828 A EP23772828 A EP 23772828A EP 4590527 A1 EP4590527 A1 EP 4590527A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- connection point
- branch
- refrigerant fluid
- heat exchanger
- conditioning system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3228—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
- B60H1/32281—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations comprising a single secondary circuit, e.g. at evaporator or condenser side
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
- B60H1/00914—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant does not change and there is a bypass of the condenser
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
- B60H1/00921—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant does not change and there is an extra subcondenser, e.g. in an air duct
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/323—Cooling devices using compression characterised by comprising auxiliary or multiple systems, e.g. plurality of evaporators, or by involving auxiliary cooling devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
- F25B5/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in parallel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B6/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits
- F25B6/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits arranged in series
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6551—Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H2001/00949—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising additional heating/cooling sources, e.g. second evaporator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—Component parts or details not otherwise provided for in this subclass
- F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
- F25B2400/0403—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for condensers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of thermal conditioning systems.
- Such systems can, for example, be fitted to motor vehicles. These systems ensure thermal regulation of different organs, such as the passenger compartment or an electrical energy storage battery, when the vehicle is electrically powered.
- Heat exchanges are managed mainly by the compression and expansion of a refrigerant fluid circulating in a circuit in which several heat exchangers are arranged.
- a compressor allows the refrigerant fluid to pass at high pressure and circulate it in the circuit.
- the refrigerant circuit usually includes a main loop and several branch branches which make it possible to achieve multiple combinations of refrigerant circulation. Numerous operating modes can thus be obtained, such as for example cooling the air in the passenger compartment, heating the air in the passenger compartment, dehumidifying the air in the passenger compartment, regulating the temperature of the vehicle's batteries, or even recovery of the energy dissipated by these batteries, in order to heat the passenger compartment.
- the present invention proposes a thermal conditioning system for a motor vehicle, comprising a refrigerant fluid circuit configured to circulate a refrigerant fluid, the refrigerant fluid circuit comprising:
- a main loop comprising successively according to the direction of circulation of the refrigerant fluid: -- a compressor
- a first heat exchanger configured to exchange heat with a first heat transfer fluid
- a first branch branch connecting a first connection point arranged on the main loop between the first refrigerant fluid accumulation device and the second regulator to a second connection point arranged on the main loop between the second heat exchanger and an inlet of the compressor, the first branch branch comprising a third expander and a third heat exchanger,
- a second branch branch connecting a third connection point arranged on the main loop between the first regulator and the first refrigerant fluid accumulation device to a fourth connection point arranged on the first branch branch between the first connection point and the third regulator,
- a third branch branch connecting a fifth connection point arranged on the main loop between the first regulator and the third connection point to a sixth connection point arranged on the first branch bypass between the third heat exchanger and the second connection point,
- a fourth branch branch connecting a seventh connection point arranged on the main loop between an outlet of the compressor and the first heat exchanger to an eighth connection point arranged on the main loop between the second regulator and the second connection point, the fourth branch comprising a fourth regulator.
- This refrigerant circuit architecture makes it possible to obtain numerous operating modes allowing in particular heating of the first heat transfer fluid at the level of the first exchanger from heat recovered at the level of the second exchanger or the third exchanger.
- the fourth branch of diversion also makes it possible to increase the flow rate of refrigerant circulating in the circuit and hence the thermal power supplied to the refrigerant.
- this architecture makes it possible to do without additional heating devices and sub-cooling exchangers.
- the first heat exchanger is configured to operate as a condenser.
- the second heat exchanger is configured to operate as an evaporator.
- the third heat exchanger is configured to exchange heat with a flow of air outside the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle.
- the third heat exchanger is configured to operate selectively as an evaporator or condenser.
- the first refrigerant storage device is a desiccant bottle.
- the main loop comprises a second refrigerant accumulation device disposed between the second heat exchanger and the second connection point.
- the second refrigerant accumulation device protects the compressor against the presence of refrigerant in liquid form, when the ambient temperature is negative.
- the second refrigerant accumulation device is an accumulator.
- the eighth connection point is arranged on the main loop between the second expander and the second heat exchanger.
- the eighth connection point is arranged on the main loop between the second heat exchanger and the second accumulation device.
- the thermal conditioning system comprises a refrigerant distribution module comprising:
- the second accumulation device is arranged on the first channel between the connection point and the outlet, and the fourth expansion device is arranged on the second channel between the second inlet and the connection point.
- the first heat transfer fluid is a flow of air inside a passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the thermal conditioning system comprises a fifth branch branch connecting a ninth connection point arranged on the main loop between the first connection point and the second regulator to a tenth connection point arranged on the main loop between the second accumulation device and the second connection point.
- the fifth branch branch includes a fifth expander and a fourth heat exchanger.
- the fourth heat exchanger is configured to operate as an evaporator.
- the fourth heat exchanger is configured to exchange heat with a flow of air inside the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the fourth heat exchanger is configured to exchange heat with an element of an electric powertrain of the motor vehicle.
- the first heat transfer fluid is a heat transfer liquid.
- the thermal conditioning system comprises a heat transfer liquid circuit configured to circulate a heat transfer liquid.
- the first heat exchanger is a two-fluid heat exchanger arranged jointly on the refrigerant fluid circuit and on the heat transfer fluid circuit so as to allow heat exchange between the refrigerant fluid and the heat transfer liquid.
- the heat transfer fluid circuit comprises a fifth heat exchanger configured to exchange heat with a flow of air inside the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the second heat exchanger is thermally coupled with an element of an electric powertrain of a motor vehicle.
- An element of the vehicle's electric traction chain may include an electrical energy storage battery.
- the battery can provide the energy needed to drive the vehicle.
- the element of the vehicle's electric traction chain may comprise an electric vehicle traction motor.
- the element of the electric traction chain of the vehicle may comprise an electronic unit for controlling the electric traction motor of the vehicle.
- the second heat exchanger is thermally coupled with the element via a heat transfer liquid circulating in a secondary heat transfer liquid loop.
- the heat transfer liquid circulating in the secondary heat transfer liquid loop may be a dielectric fluid.
- the second heat exchanger is in contact with the element of the vehicle's traction chain.
- the first branch branch comprises a first one-way valve configured to block a circulation of refrigerant fluid from the fourth connection point to the first connection point.
- the second branch branch comprises a second unidirectional valve configured to block a circulation of refrigerant fluid from the third connection point to the fourth connection point.
- the first one-way valve may be a check valve.
- the second one-way valve may be a check valve.
- the main loop includes a shut-off valve disposed between the sixth connection point and the second connection point.
- the fifth branch branch comprises a third check valve configured to block a circulation of refrigerant fluid from the tenth connection point to the fourth heat exchanger.
- Each check valve can be replaced by a shut-off valve.
- the thermal conditioning system comprises a sixth branch connection connecting an eleventh connection point arranged on the fourth branch branch between the fourth regulator and the eighth connection point to a twelfth connection point arranged on the first branch branch between the sixth connection point and the second connection point.
- the main loop comprises an internal heat exchanger configured to allow heat exchange between the refrigerant fluid downstream of the first connection point and upstream of the second expander and the fluid refrigerant downstream of the second accumulation device and upstream of the second connection point.
- the internal heat exchanger makes it possible to increase the heat exchange capacity of the system, and also makes it possible to ensure overheating of the refrigerant fluid entering the compressor, that is to say, makes it possible to avoid the presence of droplets of liquid refrigerant at the compressor inlet.
- the main loop comprises a sixth regulator arranged on the main loop between the seventh connection point and the first heat exchanger.
- This regulator allows the high pressure refrigerant fluid leaving the compressor to be expanded. It is thus possible to operate the compressor at its maximum admissible outlet pressure, and to expand the refrigerant fluid before its circulation in the first heat exchanger. The compression work is thus increased, which makes it possible to increase the energy transferred to the refrigerant fluid.
- Each expansion device may be an electronic expansion valve.
- the thermal conditioning system may include a first three-way valve arranged jointly on the main loop and on the third branch branch, the first three-way valve being configured to selectively: - authorize circulation of the refrigerant fluid leaving the first exchanger towards the third connection point and prohibit circulation of the refrigerant fluid leaving the first exchanger towards the sixth connection point, or
- the first three-way valve and the first expansion device are arranged in the same body.
- the thermal conditioning system can also include a second three-way valve arranged jointly on the fourth branch of diversion and on the sixth branch of branch, the second three-way valve being configured to selectively:
- the second three-way valve and the fourth expansion device can be arranged in the same body.
- the disclosure also relates to a method of operating a thermal conditioning system as described above, in a first mode of passenger compartment cooling, in which:
- a flow of refrigerant fluid at low pressure circulates in the compressor where it passes to high pressure, then circulates successively in the first heat exchanger without exchanging heat with the first heat transfer fluid, in the third branch of diversion, in the third exchanger of heat, in the second branch of diversion, in the first refrigerant fluid accumulation device, in the fifth expansion device where it passes at low pressure, in the fourth heat exchanger where it evaporates by absorbing heat from the internal air flow, and returns to the compressor.
- the disclosure also relates to a method of operating a thermal conditioning system as described above, in a so-called heat pump mode, in which:
- a flow of refrigerant fluid at low pressure circulates in the compressor where it passes to high pressure, then circulates successively in the first heat exchanger, giving up heat to the first heat transfer fluid, in the first expansion device where it undergoes expansion up to an intermediate pressure, in the first refrigerant fluid accumulation device, in the third expansion device where it passes at low pressure, in the third heat exchanger where it evaporates by absorbing heat from the flow of outside air, and returns to the compressor.
- the disclosure also concerns a method of operating a thermal conditioning system as described above, in a so-called energy recovery mode, in which:
- a flow of refrigerant fluid at low pressure circulates in the compressor where it passes to high pressure, then circulates successively in the first heat exchanger, giving up heat to the first heat transfer fluid, in the first expansion device where it undergoes expansion up to an intermediate pressure, in the first refrigerant accumulation device, in the second expansion device where it passes at low pressure, in the second heat exchanger where it evaporates by absorbing heat, and returns the compressor.
- the disclosure also relates to a method of operating a thermal conditioning system as described above, in a second passenger compartment cooling mode, in which:
- a flow of refrigerant fluid at low pressure circulates in the compressor where it passes to high pressure, then circulates successively in the fourth branch of diversion, in the fourth expander, in the sixth branch of diversion, in the third heat exchanger, in the third expansion device, in the second branch branch, in the first accumulation device of refrigerant fluid, in the fifth expansion device where it passes at low pressure, in the fourth heat exchanger where it evaporates by absorbing heat from the internal air flow, and returns to the compressor.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a thermal conditioning system according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a thermal conditioning system according to a variant of the first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a thermal conditioning system according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a thermal conditioning system according to a variant of the second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a thermal conditioning system according to a third embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a thermal conditioning system according to a variant of the third embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the thermal conditioning system of Figure 3, operating in a first mode of operation, called first cooling mode,
- FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the thermal conditioning system of Figure 3, operating in a second mode of operation, called heat pump mode,
- FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the thermal conditioning system of Figure 3, operating in a third mode of operation, called energy recovery mode,
- FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the thermal conditioning system of Figure 5, operating in a fourth mode of operation, called second cooling mode.
- a first element upstream of a second element means that the first element is placed before the second element with respect to the direction of circulation, or travel, of a fluid.
- a first element downstream of a second element means that the first element is placed after the second element with respect to the direction of circulation, or travel, of the fluid considered.
- the term “a first element is upstream of a second element” means that the refrigerant fluid successively travels through the first element, then the second element, without passing through the compression device. In other words, the refrigerant fluid leaves the compression device, possibly passes through one or more elements, then passes through the first element, then the second element, then returns to the compression device, possibly after passing through other elements.
- a second element is placed between a first element and a third element means that the shortest path to go from the first element to the third element passes through the second element.
- An electronic control unit 44 receives information from different sensors measuring in particular the characteristics of the refrigerant fluid at various points of the circuit.
- the electronic control unit 44 also receives instructions issued by the occupants of the vehicle, such as for example the desired temperature inside the passenger compartment.
- the electronic control unit 44 can also receive instructions from other electronic subsystems, such as for example the electrical energy storage battery management system.
- the electronic control unit 44 implements control laws allowing the control of the different actuators, in order to ensure the control of the thermal conditioning system 100 so as to ensure the instructions received.
- the refrigerant fluid circuit 10 forms a closed circuit in which the refrigerant fluid can circulate.
- the refrigerant fluid circuit 10 is sealed when it is in a nominal operating state, that is to say without defects or leaks.
- Each connection point of circuit 10 allows the refrigerant fluid to pass into one or other of the circuit portions joining at this connection point.
- the distribution of the refrigerant fluid between the circuit portions joining at a connection point is done by adjusting the opening or closing of the stop valves, non-return valves or expansion devices included on each of the branches.
- each connection point is a means of redirecting the refrigerant fluid arriving at this connection point.
- Various shut-off valves and non-return valves thus make it possible to selectively direct the refrigerant fluid into the different branches of the refrigerant circuit, in order to ensure different operating modes, as will be described later.
- the refrigerant fluid used by the refrigerant fluid circuit 10 is here a chemical fluid such as R1234yf.
- Other refrigerants can also be used instead, such as R134a, or R290.
- interior air flow Fi means a flow of air intended for the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle.
- This interior air flow Fi can circulate in a heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning installation, frequently referred to by the English term “HVAC”, for “Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning”. This installation has not been shown in the various figures.
- a first group motorized fan, not shown, is placed in the heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning installation in order to increase, if necessary, the flow rate of the interior air flow Fi.
- external air flow Fe we mean an air flow which is not intended for the passenger compartment of the vehicle. In other words, this air flow Fe remains outside the vehicle cabin.
- a second motor-fan group also not shown, can be activated in order to increase, if necessary, the flow rate of the exterior air flow Fe.
- the air flow rate provided by the first and the second motor-fan group can be adjusted in real time according to heat exchange needs, for example by the electronic unit 44 for controlling the thermal conditioning system 100.
- first exchanger is equivalent to the term “first heat exchanger”.
- accumulation device is equivalent to the term “refrigerant accumulation device”.
- the heat transfer liquid circuit(s) also form one or more closed and sealed circuits in which a heat transfer liquid can circulate.
- Figure 1 shows a thermal conditioning system 100 for a motor vehicle, according to a first embodiment.
- This thermal conditioning system 100 comprises a refrigerant fluid circuit 10 configured to circulate a refrigerant fluid, the refrigerant fluid circuit 10 comprising:
- a main loop A comprising successively according to the direction of circulation of the refrigerant fluid:
- a first heat exchanger 1 configured to exchange heat with a first heat transfer fluid F1, -- a first expander 31,
- a first branch B connecting a first point of connection 1 1 arranged on the main loop A between the first accumulation device 8 of refrigerant fluid and the second regulator 32 to a second connection point 12 arranged on the main loop A between the second heat exchanger 2 and an inlet 6a of the compressor 6, the first branch B comprising a third expander 33 and a third heat exchanger 3,
- a second branch C connecting a third connection point 13 arranged on the main loop A between the first regulator 31 and the first accumulation device 8 of refrigerant fluid to a fourth connection point 14 arranged on the first branch branch B between the first connection point 1 1 and the third regulator 33,
- a third branch D connecting a fifth connection point 15 arranged on the main loop A between the first regulator 31 and the third connection point 13 to a sixth connection point 16 arranged on the first branch B between the third heat exchanger 3 and the second connection point 12,
- a fourth branch E connecting a seventh connection point 17 arranged on the main loop A between an outlet 6b of the compressor 6 and the first heat exchanger 1 to an eighth connection point 18 arranged on the main loop A between the second regulator 32 and the second connection point 12, the fourth branch E comprising a fourth regulator 34.
- This refrigerant circuit architecture makes it possible to obtain numerous operating modes allowing in particular heating of the first heat transfer fluid F1 at the level of the first exchanger 1 from heat recovered at the level of the second exchanger 2 or at the level of the third exchanger 3.
- the fourth branch E also makes it possible to increase the flow rate of refrigerant fluid compressed by the compressor 6 and circulating in circuit 10, which makes it possible to increase the thermal power supplied to the refrigerant fluid.
- the heating capacity of the thermal conditioning system is improved, that is to say increased.
- this architecture makes it possible to do without an additional heating device. She also allows you to do without a sub-cooling exchanger. The system is thus simplified, without loss of performance.
- the first heat exchanger 1 is configured to operate as a condenser.
- the first heat transfer fluid F1 is an interior air flow Fi in a passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the first exchanger 1 thus makes it possible to directly heat the interior air flow Fi, and thus to heat the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the second heat exchanger 2 is configured to operate as an evaporator.
- the second heat exchanger 2 is thermally coupled with an element 30 of an electric traction chain of a motor vehicle.
- the second heat exchanger 2 thus makes it possible to cool the element 30 of the transmission chain, in order to maintain its temperature within an acceptable limit.
- Element 30 of the vehicle's electric traction chain may include an electrical energy storage battery.
- the battery can provide the energy needed to drive the vehicle.
- element 30 of the vehicle's electric traction chain may comprise an electric vehicle traction motor.
- the element 30 of the electric traction chain of the vehicle may comprise an electronic unit for controlling the electric traction motor of the vehicle.
- the second heat exchanger 2 is thermally coupled with the element 30 via a heat transfer liquid circulating in a secondary loop 41 of heat transfer liquid.
- the heat transfer liquid circulating in the secondary heat transfer liquid loop 41 may be a dielectric fluid.
- the heat transfer liquid circulating in the secondary heat transfer liquid loop 41 can, as a variant, be a mixture of water and glycol.
- the second heat exchanger 2 is in contact with the element 30 of the vehicle's traction chain.
- the third heat exchanger 3 is configured to exchange heat with an air flow Fe outside the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle.
- the third heat exchanger 3 is configured to operate selectively as an evaporator or condenser.
- the third heat exchanger 3 is designated by the term evapo-condenser.
- the third exchanger 3 is for example arranged on the front of the vehicle, behind the grille. The third exchanger 3 thus receives a flow of air generated by the advancement of the vehicle.
- the third heat exchanger 3 can, depending on the operating modes of the thermal conditioning system, recover heat from the external air flow Fe and transfer it to the refrigerant fluid, or dissipate the heat from the refrigerant fluid in the air flow outside.
- the first refrigerant accumulation device 8 is a desiccant bottle.
- the desiccant bottle 8 receives at its inlet 8a a two-phase mixture of refrigerant fluid.
- the refrigerant fluid leaving outlet 8b of the desiccant bottle is in the state of saturated liquid.
- the first accumulation device makes it possible to compensate for variations depending on the operating conditions of the quantity of refrigerant circulating in circuit 10.
- the main loop A comprises a second refrigerant fluid accumulation device 9 disposed between the second heat exchanger 2 and the second connection point 12.
- the second refrigerant accumulation device 9 makes it possible to protect the compressor 6 against the presence of refrigerant in liquid form, particularly when the ambient temperature is negative.
- the second refrigerant accumulation device 9 is an accumulator.
- the eighth connection point 18 is arranged on the main loop A between the second regulator 32 and the second heat exchanger 2. This arrangement is common with the variant of the first mode of embodiment, illustrated in Figure 2, with the second embodiment, Figure 3, and with the variant of the third embodiment, Figure 6.
- the first heat transfer fluid F1 is a heat transfer liquid.
- the thermal conditioning system comprises a heat transfer liquid circuit 40 configured to circulate a heat transfer liquid.
- the first heat exchanger 1 is a two-fluid heat exchanger arranged jointly on the refrigerant fluid circuit 10 and on the heat transfer fluid circuit 40 so as to allow heat exchange between the refrigerant fluid and the heat transfer liquid.
- the heat transfer fluid circuit 40 comprises a fifth heat exchanger 5 configured to exchange heat with an air flow Fi inside the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the fifth exchanger 5 is located in the heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning installation and allows the passenger compartment of the vehicle to be heated.
- the first heat transfer fluid F1 is an interior air flow Fi to a passenger compartment of the vehicle. According to variants not shown, the first heat transfer fluid F1 is a heat transfer liquid, as described above for the variant of the first embodiment and shown in Figure 2.
- Figure 3 represents a second embodiment.
- the thermal conditioning system 100 comprises a fifth branch F connecting a ninth connection point 19 arranged on the main loop A between the first connection point 11 and the second regulator 32 to a tenth connection point 20 arranged on the main loop A between the second accumulation device 9 and the second connection point 12.
- the fifth branch F comprises a fifth regulator 35 and a fourth heat exchanger 4.
- the fourth heat exchanger 4 is here configured to exchange heat with an air flow Fi inside the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the fifth expander 35 is arranged upstream of the fourth heat exchanger 4.
- the fourth heat exchanger 4 is thus configured to operate as an evaporator.
- the fourth heat exchanger 4 allows the passenger compartment of the vehicle to be cooled in order to ensure the thermal comfort of the occupants.
- the fourth heat exchanger is arranged in the heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning installation of the vehicle.
- the fourth heat exchanger 4 is configured to exchange heat with an element of an electric traction chain of the motor vehicle.
- the fourth heat exchanger 4 can be thermally coupled with an element of an electric powertrain of the motor vehicle.
- the second exchanger 2 and the fourth exchanger 4 have in this case similar roles, allowing the cooling or energy recovery of one or more elements of the traction chain.
- connection point 18 is arranged on the main loop A between the second heat exchanger 2 and the second accumulation device 9.
- the variant of Figure 4 differs from the embodiment of Figure 3 in particular by the position of the connection point of the downstream part of the fourth branch E with the main branch A.
- the thermal conditioning system 100 comprises a refrigerant distribution module 45 comprising:
- the second accumulation device 9 is arranged on the first channel C1 between the connection point P and the output S, and the fourth expansion device 34 is arranged on the second channel C2 between the second input E2 and the point connection P.
- connection point P corresponds to the eighth connection point 18.
- Module 45 thus integrates the fourth expansion valve 34, the second refrigerant fluid accumulation device 9, as well as two refrigerant fluid inlets and an outlet.
- the integration of the thermal conditioning system into the vehicle is thus facilitated, because the module makes it possible to reduce the bulk and the number of fluid connections to be connected. Indeed, the connections necessary to connect the inputs/outputs of the accumulation device 9 and the regulator 34 are internal to the module 45.
- the module 45 can include a machined casting part in which the different components are integrated.
- Figure 5 represents a third embodiment.
- the thermal conditioning system 100 comprises a sixth branch G connecting an eleventh connection point 21 arranged on the fourth branch E between the fourth regulator 34 and the eighth connection point 18 to a twelfth connection point 22 arranged on the first branch branch B between the sixth connection point 16 and the second connection point 12.
- the high pressure refrigerant fluid leaving the compressor 6 can thus reach the third exchanger 3, then operating as a condenser, without passing through the first exchanger 1.
- the load loss is thus minimized, which improves system performance.
- the main loop A comprises a sixth regulator 36 disposed on the main loop A between the seventh connection point 17 and the first heat exchanger 1.
- This expander 36 allows the high pressure refrigerant fluid leaving the compressor 6 to be expanded. It is thus possible to operate the compressor at its maximum admissible outlet pressure, and to expand the refrigerant fluid before its circulation in the first exchanger. of heat 1. The work of compression is thus increased, which makes it possible to increase the energy transferred to the refrigerating fluid.
- the sixth regulator 36 can be implemented in each embodiment.
- the sixth regulator 36 has also been shown for the variant of the second embodiment illustrated in Figure 4.
- the first expansion device 31 is an electronic expansion valve.
- the second expansion device 32 is an electronic expansion valve.
- Each expansion device 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 can be an electronic expansion valve.
- the passage section for passing the refrigerant fluid can be adjusted continuously between a closed position and a maximum open position.
- a control unit of the thermal conditioning system controls an electric motor which moves a mobile shutter controlling the passage section offered to the refrigerant fluid.
- the first branch branch B comprises a first one-way valve 25 configured to block a circulation of refrigerant fluid from the fourth connection point 14 to the first connection point 11.
- the first one-way valve 25 is configured to allow circulation of refrigerant fluid from the first connection point 11 to the fourth connection point 14.
- the second branch C comprises a second one-way valve 26 configured to block a circulation of refrigerant fluid from the third connection point 13 to the fourth connection point 14.
- the second one-way valve 26 is configured to allow circulation of refrigerant fluid from the fourth connection point 14 to the third connection point 13.
- the first one-way valve 25 is here a non-return valve.
- the second one-way valve 26 is here a non-return valve.
- a non-return valve is a passive device that does not require electrical control.
- the third branch D does not include a shut-off valve or heat exchanger.
- the main loop A comprises a stop valve 29 arranged between the sixth connection point 16 and the second connection point 12.
- the stop valve 29 makes it possible to selectively interrupt the circulation of refrigerant fluid in the first branch B between the sixth connection point 16 and the second connection point 12.
- the stop valve 29 is electrically controlled , for example by the control unit 44.
- the fifth branch F comprises a third one-way valve 27 configured to block a circulation of refrigerant fluid from the tenth connection point 20 to the fourth heat exchanger 4.
- the third one-way valve 27 is configured to allow circulation of refrigerant fluid from the fourth heat exchanger 4 to the tenth connection point 20.
- the third one-way valve 27 is here a non-return valve.
- each non-return valve 25, 26, 27 can be replaced by an electrically controlled shut-off valve.
- the main loop A of the thermal conditioning system 100 may comprise an internal heat exchanger 7 configured to allow heat exchange between the refrigerant fluid downstream of the first point of connection 1 1 and upstream of the second regulator 32 and the refrigerant fluid downstream of the second accumulation device 9 and upstream of the second connection point 12.
- the internal heat exchanger 7 makes it possible to increase the heat exchange capacity of the thermal conditioning system 100, and also contributes to ensuring overheating of the refrigerant fluid entering the compressor 1, that is to say say helps to avoid the presence of droplets of liquid refrigerant at the inlet of the compressor 1.
- the internal heat exchanger 7 comprises a first heat exchange section 7a arranged on the main loop A downstream of the first connection point 11 and upstream of the second expander 32, as well as a second section of heat exchange 7b arranged on the main loop A downstream of the second accumulation device 9 and upstream of the second connection point 12.
- the first internal heat exchanger 7 is configured to allow heat exchange between the refrigerant fluid in the first heat exchange section 7a and the refrigerant fluid in the second heat exchange section 7b.
- the refrigerant fluid circulating at high pressure in the main loop A can thus transfer heat to the refrigerant fluid circulating at a lower pressure in the main loop A, after expansion in the second expander 32.
- the first heat exchange section 7a is arranged downstream of the first connection point 1 1 and upstream of the ninth connection point 19.
- the second heat exchange section 7b is arranged between the tenth point of connection 20 and the second connection point 12.
- the thermal conditioning system 100 comprises a first three-way valve 47 arranged jointly on the main loop A and on the third branch D.
- the first three-way valve 47 is configured to selectively:
- the first three-way valve 47 and the first expansion device 31 are arranged in the same body.
- the body can for example be a foundry body.
- the body receiving the first three-way valve 47 and the first expansion device 31 can be in one piece.
- the same component integrates the functions of three-way valve and expansion device.
- the integration of the component into the thermal conditioning system is facilitated.
- the thermal conditioning system 100 also comprises a second three-way valve 48 arranged jointly on the fourth branch of diversion E and on the sixth branch of derivation G.
- the second three-way valve 48 is configured to selectively:
- the second three-way valve 48 and the fourth expansion device 34 can be arranged in the same body.
- the body can for example be a foundry body.
- the body receiving the second three-way valve 48 and the fourth expansion device 34 can be in one piece. This body is distinct from the body receiving the first three-way valve 47 and the first expansion device 31.
- Each three-way valve 47, 48 can also be replaced by two two-way valves.
- Figure 7 illustrates a method of operating a thermal conditioning system 100 as described above, in a first mode of passenger compartment cooling.
- a flow rate Q of refrigerant fluid at low pressure circulates in the compressor 6 where it passes at high pressure, then circulates successively in the first heat exchanger 1 without exchanging heat with the first heat transfer fluid F1, in the third branch of diversion D , in the third heat exchanger 3, in the second branch C, in the first storage device 8 of refrigerant fluid, in the fifth expansion device 35 where it passes at low pressure, in the fourth heat exchanger 4 where it evaporates by absorbing heat from the interior air flow Fi, and returns to the compressor 1.
- the first expansion valve 31 is wide open so as not to expand the refrigerant fluid at high pressure.
- a flap not shown, isolates the first exchanger 1 from the interior air flow Fi which is here the first heat transfer fluid F1. A heat exchange between the refrigerant fluid and the interior air flow Fi is thus avoided.
- the first three-way valve 47 directs the refrigerant fluid at high pressure to the third branch D.
- the stop valve 29 is closed, so that the refrigerant flows from the sixth connection point 16 to the fourth connection point 14 and condenses in the third exchanger 3. Partial expansion in the third expander 33 is possible.
- the refrigerant fluid then circulates in the second branch branch C.
- the first non-return valve 25 blocks the circulation from the fourth connection point 14 to the first connection point 1 1.
- the second non-return valve return 26 allows circulation of refrigerant fluid from the fourth connection point 14 to the third connection point 13.
- the refrigerant fluid then passes through the first accumulator 8, then joins the ninth connection point 19.
- the second regulator 32 is in the closed position, so that there is no circulation of refrigerant fluid in the second exchanger 2.
- the refrigerant fluid is relaxed by passing through the fifth regulator 35, and passes to low pressure.
- the low pressure refrigerant fluid evaporates in the fourth exchanger 4 and cools the interior air flow Fi.
- the refrigerant fluid joins the compressor 6, passing successively through the tenth connection point
- Figure 8 illustrates a method of operating a thermal conditioning system 100 as described previously, in a so-called heat pump mode.
- the high pressure refrigerant fluid leaving the compressor 6 condenses in the first exchanger 1, which makes it possible to heat the interior air flow Fi, which is here the first heat transfer fluid F1. Then the refrigerant fluid undergoes partial expansion in the first expansion device 31 and passes to intermediate pressure. Intermediate pressure is a pressure lower than high pressure and higher than low pressure. Partial expansion makes it possible to reduce the enthalpy of the refrigerant fluid leaving the first accumulation device 8, and thus increase the recoverable energy at the level of the third exchanger 3.
- the first three-way valve 47 blocks the circulation of refrigerant fluid in the third branch branch C and directs the refrigerant fluid from the fifth connection point 15 to the third connection point 13.
- the refrigerant fluid then passes through the first accumulation device 8.
- the second regulator 32 and the fifth regulator 35 are in the closed position, so that there is no circulation of refrigerant fluid from the first connection point 1 1 towards the ninth connection point 19.
- the first non-return valve 25 allows circulation of refrigerant fluid in the first branch B, from the first connection point 1 1 to the second connection point 12.
- the third regulator 33 expands the refrigerant fluid to a low pressure state.
- the low pressure refrigerant fluid evaporates in the third exchanger 3 by absorbing heat from the external air flow Fe.
- the stop valve 29 is open, and the evaporated refrigerant fluid returns to the inlet 6a of the compressor 6. We note that the direction of travel of the refrigerant fluid in the third exchanger 3 is reversed compared to the previous operating mode.
- Figure 9 illustrates a method of operating a thermal conditioning system 100 as described previously, in a so-called energy recovery mode.
- a flow rate Q of refrigerant fluid at low pressure circulates in the compressor 6 where it passes to high pressure, then circulates successively in the first heat exchanger 1 while giving up heat to the first heat transfer fluid F1, in the first expansion device 31 where it undergoes expansion to an intermediate pressure, in the first accumulation device 8 of refrigerant fluid, in the second expansion device 32 where it passes at low pressure, in the second heat exchanger 2 where it evaporates by absorbing heat, and returns to the compressor 6.
- Figure 10 illustrates a method of operating a thermal conditioning system 100 as described previously, in a second passenger compartment cooling mode.
- a flow rate Q of refrigerant fluid at low pressure circulates in the compressor 1 where it passes to high pressure, then circulates successively in the fourth branch of diversion E, in the fourth expander 34, in the sixth branch of diversion G, in the third heat exchanger 3, in the third expansion device 33, in the second branch of diversion C, in the first accumulation device 8 of refrigerant fluid, in the fifth expansion device 35 where it passes at low pressure, in the fourth heat exchanger 4 where it evaporates by absorbing heat from the interior air flow Fi, and returns to the compressor 1.
- This mode of operation concerns a thermal conditioning system according to the third embodiment as well as its variant, illustrated respectively in Figures 5 and 6.
- the first expansion valve 31 is in the closed position, which prevents the circulation of refrigerant fluid in the first exchanger 1.
- the fourth regulator 34 is in the open position.
- the second three-way valve 48 blocks the circulation in the fourth branch E between the eleventh connection point 21 and the eighth connection point 18, and directs the refrigerant fluid at high pressure into the sixth branch G.
- the valve stop 29 is in the closed position, so that the refrigerant fluid circulates in the third exchanger 3.
- the circulation of the refrigerant fluid between the sixth connection point 16 and the inlet 6a of the compressor 6 is identical to that described in the first mode of passenger compartment cooling, shown in Figure 7.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2209561A FR3139758A1 (fr) | 2022-09-21 | 2022-09-21 | Système de conditionnement thermique |
| PCT/EP2023/075497 WO2024061774A1 (fr) | 2022-09-21 | 2023-09-15 | Système de conditionnement thermique |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4590527A1 true EP4590527A1 (fr) | 2025-07-30 |
Family
ID=83899697
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23772828.2A Pending EP4590527A1 (fr) | 2022-09-21 | 2023-09-15 | Système de conditionnement thermique |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20260109198A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4590527A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN120225374A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3139758A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024061774A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3163021A1 (fr) * | 2024-06-06 | 2025-12-12 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Ensemble de climatisation pour un véhicule |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2999689A1 (fr) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-06-20 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Circuit et procede de conditionnement d'air, notamment pour vehicule automobile |
| DE102013206626A1 (de) * | 2013-04-15 | 2014-10-16 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Wärmepumpenanlage sowie Verfahren zur Klimatisierung eines Fahrzeuges |
| WO2021204914A1 (fr) * | 2020-04-08 | 2021-10-14 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Systeme de conditionnement thermique pour vehicule automobile |
| FR3120684B1 (fr) * | 2021-03-15 | 2023-02-24 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Système de conditionnement thermique |
-
2022
- 2022-09-21 FR FR2209561A patent/FR3139758A1/fr active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-09-15 US US19/114,206 patent/US20260109198A1/en active Pending
- 2023-09-15 EP EP23772828.2A patent/EP4590527A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-09-15 WO PCT/EP2023/075497 patent/WO2024061774A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-09-15 CN CN202380080136.5A patent/CN120225374A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3139758A1 (fr) | 2024-03-22 |
| US20260109198A1 (en) | 2026-04-23 |
| CN120225374A (zh) | 2025-06-27 |
| WO2024061774A1 (fr) | 2024-03-28 |
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