Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
  • C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
  • C08G18/3206—Polyhydroxy compounds aliphatic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/48—Polyethers
  • C08G18/4804—Two or more polyethers of different physical or chemical nature
  • C08G18/4816—Two or more polyethers of different physical or chemical nature mixtures of two or more polyetherpolyols having at least three hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
  • C08G18/6666—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
  • C08G18/667—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
  • C08G18/6674—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
  • C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
  • C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
  • C08K5/521—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
  • C08L75/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/202—Casings or frames around the primary casing of a single cell or a single battery
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
  • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
  • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
  • H01M50/264—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
  • H01M50/293—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by the material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
  • C08G2110/0083—Foam properties prepared using water as the sole blowing agent
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
  • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for producing battery article, as well as the battery article prepared therefrom.
• battery pack In order to maintain battery cells in place during driving for a long time, one solution is to fill the battery pack with certain material (e.g. polyurethane), so that the battery cells are embedded in the material. Accordingly, battery pack containing such material has high impact and vibration resistance. And such material is often called as potting compound.
• certain material e.g. polyurethane
• battery pack contains many components such as battery cells, bus bars, cooling pipes, which create complex shaped cavities inside the battery pack.
• the two components of polyurethane (“isocyanates” and “polyol”) are highly reactive. In production, it has been difficult to fill the battery pack cavities with polyurethane homogeneously in a short time.
• the potting material can fill cavities inside the battery pack smoothly and uniformly; and surface of the foamed potting material is substantially flat.
• the potting material is also flame retardant.
• present disclosure provides a method for producing battery article wherein a plurality of battery cells are potted in a potting material, comprising the steps of
• the potting compound has an initial viscosity being lower than 2500 cps at 25°C measured according to ASTM D2196-15, and the potting compound is a liquid polyurethane reaction mixture obtained by mixing a first component comprising at least one isocyanate; and a second component comprising at least one polyol (P-1) having a molecular weight of from 500 to 7000 g/mol; at least one chain extender having a molecular weight of less than 500 g/mol; at least one blowing agent; and at least one catalyst; wherein at least one of the first component and the second component contains a flame retardant.
• P-1 polyol having a molecular weight of from 500 to 7000 g/mol
• at least one chain extender having a molecular weight of less than 500 g/mol
• at least one blowing agent and at least one catalyst
• present application provides a battery article prepared according to the method of above first aspect, comprising a battery case; a plurality of battery cells arranged within the battery case, the battery cells separate internal space of the battery case into a plurality of receiving cavities; and polyurethane foam, which partially or completely fills the receiving cavities and the battery cells are potted in the polyurethane foam.
• Functionality is the "theoretical OH functionality" that results from the functionality of the starter molecules used. Fractional functionalities result from mixing starter molecules with different functionalities.
• “Potting” refers to a process of filling a liquid potting compound (e.g. polyurethane reaction mixture in present disclosure) into a container (e.g. battery case in present disclosure).
• a liquid potting compound e.g. polyurethane reaction mixture in present disclosure
• the liquid potting compound poured into the container hardens and thereby protects internal components (e.g. battery cells in present disclosure) from impact and vibration.
• a battery article contains many components such as battery cells, bus bars, cooling pipes etc., which create complex shaped cavities inside the battery pack. It is expected that the potting compound can fill in these cavities as much as possible. In addition, it is further expected that the yielded potting foam has a substantially flat surface.
• present disclosure provides a method for producing battery article wherein a plurality of battery cells are potted in a potting material, comprising the steps of
• the potting compound has an initial viscosity being lower than 2500 cps at 25 °C measured according to ASTM D2196-15, and the potting compound is a liquid polyurethane reaction mixture obtained by mixing a first component comprising at least one isocyanate; and a second component comprising at least one polyol (P-1 ) having a molecular weight of from 500 to 7000 g/mol; at least one chain extender having a molecular weight of less than 500 g/mol; at least one blowing agent; and at least one catalyst; wherein at least one of the first component and the second component contains a flame retardant.
• P-1 polyol
• Potting compound of present disclosure is a liquid polyurethane reaction mixture, which is a two-components system (i.e. a first component (also referred to as “isocyanate component”) and a second component (also referred to as “polyol component”)).
• isocyanate component and polyol component are stored separately, upon use, are delivered into a mixing chamber and mixed (e.g. statically mixing, or impingement mixing) to generate a liquid polyurethane reaction mixture.
• the liquid polyurethane reaction mixture is then immediately introduced into cavities of a battery article (e.g. by using high-pressure or low- pressure systems).
• a battery article e.g. by using high-pressure or low- pressure systems.
• Preferable machines have an output capacity (e.g. higher than 0.01 L/s) so that the required volume of the potting compound can be introduced into the battery articles within a relatively short period of time.
• the battery article can be open or closed.
• the isocyanate component and polyol component starts to form urethane linkage, causing viscosity of the mixture to increase, followed by polyurea reaction (generating gas bubbles) that expands and cures into a polyurethane potting foam. Consequently, the polyurethane reaction mixture can only flow for a short period of time due to high reactivity of the two components.
• the potting compound In order to fill the receiving cavities inside the battery article as much as possible within short time frame, present inventors found that the potting compound shall have good flowability.
• the potting compound i.e. polyurethane reaction mixture
• the potting compound has an initial viscosity being lower than 2500 cps at a temperature of 25°C measured according to ASTM D2196-15.
• Initial viscosity of polyurethane reaction mixture is measure as following: immediately after mixing the first component and the second component, determine the viscosity of the resulted polyurethane reaction mixture at a temperature of 25°C measured according to ASTM D2196-15.
• Present inventors found that potting compound having such an initial viscosity has good flowability and processability, allowing the potting compound fills complex shaped cavities rapidly. Meanwhile, good flowability also facilitates the potting compound to flow flat in a short time.
• total filling time (T1) of present disclosure is controlled being shorter than the rising time (T2) of the polyurethane reaction mixture, e.g. T1 ⁇ 0.95*T2.
• total filling time (T1) is shorter than 0.8 times of the rising time (T2), i.e. T1 ⁇ 0.8*T2.
• Total filling time (T1) is understood as the time from the start of filling to the completion of filling.
• Rising time (T2) is understood as the time from the start of mixing the two components to the start of mixture foaming.
• the start of mixture foaming refers to the volume expansion.
• rising time (T2) of the polyurethane reaction mixture is measured as following: immediately after mixing the first component and the second component, 50g of the resulted polyurethane reaction mixture was added into a beaker (250ml); observe and record the time at which the mixture starts to expand at room temperature (e.g. 25°C) by naked eye. It shall be understood that rising time of polyurethane reaction mixture will be a bit prolonged when the polyurethane reaction mixture was poured into a battery case containing a plurality of battery cells at industrial level.
• the total filling time (T1) being shorter than the rising time (T2), it ensures that the polyurethane reaction mixture poured into the battery cavities has a certain flow time before the mixture getting hardening. Particularly, when the total filling time (T1) is shorter than 0.8 times of the rising time (T2), the polyurethane reaction mixture is further guaranteed to have sufficient flow time.
• Combination of the novel potting compound with the method as described above therefore has several advantages over the conventional method.
• the potting compound can fill in the cavities well in a short time.
• the total filling time being shorter than the rising time, it ensures that the polyurethane reaction mixture poured into the battery cavities has a certain flow time to flow flat before polyurethane getting hardening.
• the addition of flame retardant further ensures that the finished battery article has good flame retardant performance.
• the initial viscosity of the potting compound is higher than 500 and lower than 2500 cps at a temperature of 25°C measured according to ASTM D2196-15.
• components therein e.g. chain extender
• other components e.g. polyol
• Rising time of the polyurethane reaction mixture can be adjusted by changing the polyurethane recipe.
• the potting compound has a rising time of higher than 30 seconds, preferably higher than 100 seconds. In order to reduce whole curing time and improve production efficiency, it is preferable that the rising time is lower than 250 seconds or 200 seconds in some embodiments.
• relationship between the total filling time (T1) and the rising time (T2) satisfies 0.2* T2 ⁇ T1 ; for example: 0.2* T2 ⁇ T1 ⁇ 0.95*T2, 0.2* T2 ⁇ T1 ⁇ 0.8*T2. From practical point of view, total filling time shall be not too short (i.e. lower than 20 seconds), otherwise typical machines may not have the required output and not be able to evenly fill the required volume of potting compound in a short time.
• the battery articles generally have a length of from 0.3 to 3 meters, a width of from 0.3 to 3 meters and a height of from 0.05 to 0.2 meters. Meanwhile, it is expected that the potted polyurethane reaction mixture is substantially flat at various locations around the battery case and has a height that is around 0.8 -1.1 times the height of the receiving cavities. Accordingly, the required volume for potting varies from 1 to 90Liters.
• the filling speed in Step 3 is controlled at from 0.01 L/s to 1 L/s
• Filling speed can be set in the spray head/ nozzle.
• filling time per square meters is controlled at from 40 seconds to 200 seconds.
• the battery article has a size from 0.3 to 3 square meters.
• Filling time per square meters can be adjusted by controlling the battery article moving speed and filling speed. By controlling the filling speed or the filling time per square meters, it is guaranteed that the total filling time is shorter than the rising time of the polyurethane reaction mixture.
• step 4 (S4) the potting compound is cured to yield a potting foam, for example at room temperature, preferably at a temperature of from 10°C to 35°C, more preferably from 15 to 25 °C, for 5 to 30 minutes.
• the temperature is selected such that the whole curing process can be completed within 5 to 30 minutes, which is industrially advantageous.
• Step 2 (S2) a potting compound is prepared.
• Potting compound of present disclosure is a liquid polyurethane reaction mixture at room temperature.
• the polyurethane reaction mixture comprises a first component (“isocyanate component”) and a second component (“polyol component”), which will react and then harden the polyurethane reaction mixture into polyurethane foam after mixing. Viscosity rises after mixing.
• the potting compound has an initial viscosity being lower than 2500 cps, preferably from 500 to 2500 cps, more preferably from 600 to 1500 cps at 25°C measured according to ASTM D2196-15. When poured into the battery article, such potting compound has sufficient flowability to well penetrate the receiving cavities inside the battery case.
• the first component comprises at least one isocyanate and the second component comprises at least one polyol (P-1) having a molecular weight of from 500 to 7000 g/mol, at least one chain extender having a molecular weight of less than 500 g/mol, at least one blowing agent and at least one catalyst; and at least one of the first component and the second component contains a flame retardant.
• P-1 polyol having a molecular weight of from 500 to 7000 g/mol
• at least one chain extender having a molecular weight of less than 500 g/mol
• at least one blowing agent and at least one catalyst at least one of the first component and the second component contains a flame retardant.
• the first component comprises at least one isocyanate and is liquid at room temperature.
• the first component comprises two or more isocyanates.
• the first component further comprises at least one flame retardant.
• Present disclosure has no limitation on type of isocyanate. All known compounds having at least two isocyanate groups in the molecules are suitable.
• the isocyanate maybe a monomer, a prepolymer and/or a polymeric isocyanate.
• Preferable isocyanates are liquid at room temperature.
• the isocyanate has a viscosity of from 1 to 1,000 cps, more preferably from 100 to 500 cps at 25°C measured according to ASTM D2196-15.
• the isocyanate has a viscosity of 100cps, 200cps, 300cps, 400cps, or 500cps.
• Suitable isocyanate includes, but are not limited to, aromatic isocyanates, aliphatic isocyanates, cycloaliphatic isocyanates, and araliphatic isocyanates.
• suitable isocyanate includes tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta- and/or octamethylene diisocyanate, 2- methylpentamethylene 1,5-diisocyanate, 2-ethylbutylene 1,4-diisocyanate, pentamethylene 1,5- diisocyanate, butylene 1,4-diisocyanate, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5- isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI), 1 ,4- and/or 1 ,3- bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane (HXDI), cyclohexane 1 ,4-diisocyanate, 1
• the isocyanates are those having two isocyanate groups. In some preferable embodiments, the isocyanates are aromatic isocyanates. Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and/or Tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) are particularly preferred for present disclosure.
• MDI diphenylmethane diisocyanate
• TDI Tolylene diisocyanate
• the isocyanate prepolymer may be obtainable by reacting the isocyanates described above in excess with an additional polyol (P’), for example, at a temperature of from 30 to 100°C, preferably about 80°C.
• P additional polyol
• the additional polyol (P’) is known to those skilled in the art and described by way of example in "Kunststoffhandbuch [Plastics handbook], Volume 7, Polyurethane [Polyurethanes]", Carl Hanser erlag, 3rd Edition 1993, chapter 3.1.
• suitable isocyanate compounds include LUPRANAT® M20S (from BASF), or LUPRANAT® MIPS (from BASF).
• At least one of the first component and the second component contains a flame retardant.
• the potting compound contains one or more flame retardant(s).
• the flame retardant is present in the first component, in the second component or in both. In some preferable embodiments, the flame retardant is present in the first component.
• present disclosure has no limitation on types of the flame retardant as long as it is liquid at room temperature.
• suitable flame retardant include, but are not limited to, phosphorus containing materials, nitride containing materials and sulphur containing materials.
• the phosphorous containing materials which include phosphate ester, such as ammonium phosphorate, ammonium polyphosphorate (APP), monoammonium phosphorate, diammonium phosphorate, trichloroethyl phosphate (TCEP), trichloropropyl phosphate (TCPP), resorcinol bisdiphenylphosphate (RDP), triphenyl phosphate (TPP) Triethyl phosphate (TEP), ammonium pyrophosphorate, triphenyl phosphate, and etc.
• the flame retardant is liquid phosphate ester including chlorinated phosphate, such as TCPP.
• total amount of flame retardant varies from 3 to 30 wt%, preferably from 5 to 20 wt%.
• the flame retardant is present in an amount of 3wt%, 5wt%, 10wt%, 15wt%, 20wt%, 25wt%, and 30wt%, based on the total weight of the potting compound, i.e. the sum of the first component and the second component.
• Potting foam containing above flame retardant has at least a V2 or higher-level flame resistance as measured according to the UL 94 Test for flammability of plastics.
• the second component comprises at least one polyol (P-1) having molecular weight of from 500 to 7000 g/mol, at least one chain extender having a molecular weight of less than 500 g/mol, at least one blowing agent and at least one catalyst, and the polyol (P-1) has a molecular weight of from 500 to 7000 g/mol.
• the second component comprises two or more polyols (P-1) having a molecular weight of from 500 to 7000 g/mol.
• the second component further comprises at least one cross linker.
• the second component further comprises components that are not reactive to polyols, such as flame retardant, catalyst, filler, additive, auxiliaries and etc.
• the second component is liquid at room temperature.
• the second component has a viscosity of from 1 to 600 cps, more preferably from 10 to 100 cps at 25°C measured according to ASTM D2196-15.
• Suitable polyols (P-1) have at least two reactive groups (i.e. reactive hydrogen atoms) toward isocyanate.
• Suitable polyols (P-1) are liquid at room temperature and have a molecular weight of from 500 to 7000 g/mol, preferably from 500 to 6000 g/mol, more preferably from 2000 to 6000 g/mol.
• the polyol (P-1) has a molecular weight of 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 or 6000 g/mol.
• suitable polyol (P-1) examples include, but are not limited to, polyether polyol, graft polyether polyol, polyester polyol, polyolefin polyol and mixtures thereof. Preference is given to polyether polyol.
• the second component comprises at least one polyether polyol having a molecular weight of from 2000 to 6000 g/mol which makes the resulted polyurethane reaction mixture having good flowability.
• the second component comprises at least one polyether polyol having a molecular weight of from 2000 to 6000 g/mol and at least one graft polyether polyol. Addition of graft polyether polyol facilitates mechanical strength of resulted polyurethane foam.
• the polyol (P-1) has a functionality of equal to or higher than 2, for example 2, 3 or 4.
• the polyol (P-1) may be a diol polyol, a triol polyol, tetra polyol, or a higher order polyol.
• the polyol (P-1) has a functionality of from 2 to 3.
• the polyols (P-1) are polyether polyols having a functionality of from 2 to 3.
• suitable polyol (P-1) examples include: LUPRANOL® 2095 (from BASF), LUPRANOL® 4003/1 (from BASF), LUPRANOL® 2090 (from BASF), LUPRANOL 3505/1 (from BASF), LUPRAPHEN® 3905 (from BASF), LUPRAPHEN® 3907 (from BASF), LUPRAPHEN® 3909 (from BASF), NJ 360S, NJ 330S (from NingWu).
• total amount of the polyols (P-1) is from 60 to 95 wt%, preferably from 60 to 90 wt%, more preferably from 65 to 75 wt%.
• total amount of the polyols (P-1) is 60wt%, 65wt%, 70wt%, 75wt%, 80wt%, 85wt%, 90wt%, 95wt%.
• the chain extender has a molecular weight of less than 500 g/mol, for example, below 400, below 300, below 200, below 100 g/mol.
• the chain extender has two functional groups reactive toward isocyanates, for example OH-, -SH or NH2-groups.
• Chain extender is present in an amount of from 5 to 30wt%, preferably from 10 to 25 wt%, more preferably from 10 to 20 wt% based on the total weight of the second component.
• chain extender examples include monoethylene glycol (MEG), diethylene glycol (DEG), 1,2- propane diol, 1,3-propane diol (DPG), 1,4-butane diol (BDO), 1,3-butane diol, 1,5 -pentane diol, 1,6-hexane diol, neopentyl glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, cyclohexane diol, and aliphatic or aromatic amine based chain extenders as aliphatic or aromatic diamines like ethylene diamine, triethylene diamine and/or diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA).
• MEG monoethylene glycol
• DEG diethylene glycol
• DPG 1,3-propane diol
• BDO 1,4-butane diol
• 1,3-butane diol 1,5 -pentane diol
• 1,6-hexane diol 1,6-he
• chain extender is selected from monoethylene glycol (MEG), 1 ,3-propane diol (DPG) and 1,4-butane diol (BDO).
• MEG monoethylene glycol
• DPG 1 ,3-propane diol
• BDO 1,4-butane diol
• the second component may further comprise at least one cross linker.
• Cross linker has at least three functional groups reactive toward isocyanates. Examples of cross linker includes 1,2,4-, 1,3,5-trihydroxycyclohexane, glycerin (GLY), trimethylolpropane (TMP), pentaerythritol, triethanolamine (TEOA), diethanolamine (DEOA), and low molecular weight hydroxyl group-containing polyalkylene oxides based on ethylene oxide and/or 1 ,2- propylene oxide and the aforementioned diols and/or triols.
• GLY glycerin
• TMP trimethylolpropane
• TEOA pentaerythritol
• TEOA triethanolamine
• DEOA diethanolamine
• low molecular weight hydroxyl group-containing polyalkylene oxides based on ethylene oxide and/or 1 ,2- propylene oxide and the aforementioned diols and/or triols.
• chain extenders and cross linker mixtures thereof are used, these are advantageously used in an amount of from 5 to 30wt%, preferably from 10 to 30wt%, based on the total weight of the second component.
• total amount of the flame retardant and chain extender is higher than 8wt%, preferably from 10 to 15wt%, based on the total weight of the potting compound.
• the second component comprises at least one blowing agent, for example, one or more blowing agents.
• the blowing agent preferably comprises water.
• water is used as sole blowing agent. Water reacts with isocyanates and forms carbon dioxide gas, generating bubbles inside the potting foam. Therefore, the resulted potting foam has relatively low density and is low weight.
• the blowing agent may further comprise other chemical and/or physical blowing agents in the art.
• Chemical blowing agents are compounds which form gaseous products through reaction with isocyanate, an example being water or formic acid.
• Physical blowing agents are compounds which have been dissolved or emulsified in the starting materials for polyurethane production and which vaporize under the conditions of polyurethane formation.
• these are hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, and other compounds, such as perfluorinated alkanes, e.g. perfluorohexane, fluorochlorocarbons, and ethers, esters, ketones and/or acetals.
• the blowing agent is present from 0.2 to 2wt%, preferably from 0.5 to 1wt%, based on the total weight of the second component.
• Catalyst greatly accelerates the reaction of the polyol (P-1) and optionally chain extender and cross linker, and also chemical blowing agent with the isocyanates.
• any catalyst known in the field of polyurethane catalysts may be used. These comprise basic amine catalysts and metal-based catalysts.
• the catalyst comprises incorporable amine catalysts.
• the catalyst comprises delayed action catalysts. Delayed action catalysts are well known in the art and provide a long open time of the reaction mixure at room temperature and a fast curing at elevated temperatures.
• Incorporable amine catalysts have at least one, preferably from 1 to 8, and particularly preferably from 1 to 2, groups reactive toward isocyanates, for example primary amine groups, secondary amine groups, hydroxy groups, amides, or urea groups, preferably primary amine groups, secondary amine groups, or hydroxy groups.
• Incorporable amine catalysts are used mostly for the production of low-emission polyurethanes which are in particular used in the automobile-interior sector. These catalysts are known and are described by way of example in EP1888664. These comprise compounds which preferably comprise, alongside the group(s) reactive toward isocyanates, one or more tertiary amino groups.
• At least one tertiary amino groups of the incorporable catalysts bear at least two aliphatic hydrocarbon moieties, preferably having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms per moiety, particularly preferably having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms per moiety. It is particularly preferable that the tertiary amino groups bear two moieties selected mutually independently from methyl and ethyl moiety, and bear another organic moiety.
• incorporable catalysts that can be used are bisdimethylaminopropylurea, bis(N,N-dimethylaminoethoxyethyl) carbamate, dimethylaminopropylurea, N,N,N-trimethyl-N-hydroxyethylbis(aminopropyl ether), N,N,N- trimethyl-N-hydroxyethylbis(aminoethyl ether), diethy-lethanolamine, bis(N,N-dimethyl-3- aminopropyl)amine, dimethylaminopropylamine, 3 dimethyaminopropyl-N,N-dimethylpropane- 1 ,3-diamine, dimethyl-2-(2-amino- , ethoxyethanol), and (1,3-bis(dimethylamino)propan-2-ol), N,N-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-isopropanolamine, bis(dimethyla
• Examples for delayed action catalysts are carboxylic salt used of a conventional basic amine catalyst.
• the carboxylic salts of the basic amine catalysts for example are obtained here by mixing the amine catalysts with carboxylic acids, optionally in presence of an alcohol as ethylene glycol. If an alcohol which falls under the definition of a chain extender or a cross linker the amount is considered when calculating the amount of cross linker and chain extender in the reaction mixture.
• non-incorporable amine catalysts may comprise amidines, such as 2,3 dimethyl- 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine, tertiary amines, such as triethylamine, tributylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, N methyl , N ethyl , and N cyclohexylmorpholine, N,N,N',N'- tetramethylethylenediamine, N , N, N', N'-tetramethylbutanediamine, N , N , N', N'- tetramethylhexanediamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, tetramethyldiaminoethyl ether, bis(dimethylaminopropyl)urea, dimethylpiperazine, 1,2 dimethylimidazole, 1 azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane, and preferably 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
• Suitable metal based catalysts comprise organometallic compounds, preferably organotin compounds, such as tin(ll) salts of organic carboxylic acids, e.g. tin(ll) acetate, tin(ll) octoate, tin(ll) ethylhexoate, and tin(ll) laurate, and the dialkyltin(IV) salts of organic carboxylic acids, e.g.
• the organometallic compounds can be used alone or preferably in combination with strongly basic amines.
• catalysts used comprise or consist of delayed action catalysts and especially preferred incorporable delayed action catalysts.
• catalysts are used, these can by way of example be used at a concentration of from 0.001 to 5% by weight, in particular from 0.05 to 2% by weight, as catalyst or, respectively, catalyst combination, based on the weight of component (b).
• the second component may further contain fillers, other additives and/or auxiliaries.
• Fillers can be organic or inorganic fillers known in the art.
• inorganic fillers include silicate minerals, metal oxides, such as alumina, titanium oxides and iron oxides.
• auxiliaries and/or additives used include surface-active substances, foam stabilizers, cell regulators, external and internal release agents, fillers, pigments, dyes, flame retardants, antistatic agents, hydrolysis stabilizers and fungistatic and bacteriostatic substances.
• the first component and the second component are mixed in a weight ratio of 80:100 to 110:100.
• the isocyanate index is from 80 to 120, for example, 80, 90, 100, 110, and 120.
• present disclosure intends to provide a battery article prepared according to the method as described in the first aspect, comprising a battery case; a plurality of battery cells arranged within the battery case, the battery cells separate internal space of the battery case into a plurality of receiving cavities; and polyurethane foam, which partially or completely fills the receiving cavities and the battery cells are potted in the polyurethane foam.
• the battery article comprises a battery case and a plurality of battery cells arranged within the battery case.
• the battery cells sperate internal space of the battery case into a plurality of receiving cavities.
• Polyurethane foam fills in the receiving cavities partially or completely. In some embodiments, the polyurethane foam fills 80% to 100% of the height of the battery article.
• the polyurethane foam of present disclosure is elastic and thus provides continuous cushioning and excellent shock absorption.
• Elastic polyurethane foam protects internal components of a battery article from external shock and vibration.
• the polyurethane foam has a compressive yield strength of from 0.3 to 6 MPa, preferably from 0.5 to 3.5 MPa measured according to ASTM D 1621 (stress at 10%). Therefore, battery articles partially or completely filled/ potted with such polyurethane foams have excellent impact resistance and vibration resistance. And the battery articles can pass the vibration test measured according to SAE J2380-2013 (Normal Test) or GBT 31467.3-2015.
• the polyurethane foam can be either “closed-cell”, where most of the bubbles remain intact; or “open-cell”, where the bubbles inside the foam are interconnected.
• the polyurethane foam has a hardness of from 50 to 90 Shore A measured according to ISO 7619. Polyurethane foams with such hardness are particularly preferred, which enable the polyurethane foam to provide mechanical stability to the internal components.
• the polyurethane foam has a relatively low density, for example, from 350 to 900 g/L, preferably from 530 to 680 g/L.
• Polyurethane foams having such densities have a relatively low weight, which is particularly advantageous for reducing the overall battery article weight.
• Vibration test SAE J2380-2013 (Normal Test) & GBT 31467.3-2015.
• the first component and the second component of the polyurethane compound of Examples 1-3 (Ex.1-3) and Comparative Examples 1-3 (Com. Ex.1-3) were prepared according to table 1 by mixing corresponding components and were stored in separate containers. Upon use, the two components were delivered into a mixing chamber under 150 bar in a mixing ratio as shown in Table 1 and were impingement mixed to generate a liquid polyurethane reaction mixture (i.e. potting compounds).
• the second components of Examples 1-4 and comparative Examples 1-2 have an initial viscosity as listed in below Table 1. Initial viscosity of the obtained liquid polyurethane reaction mixtures of Examples 1-4 and comparative Examples 1-2 are also listed in Table 1.
• initial viscosity of the liquid polyurethane reaction mixture of examples 1-4 varies from 700-900 enabling the resulted liquid polyurethane reaction mixture having desired flowability.
• initial viscosity of the liquid polyurethane reaction mixture of comparative example 1 is 3000 which is too sticky to have enough flowability for flowing flat.
• Initial viscosity of the liquid polyurethane reaction mixture of comparative example 2 is 200.
• such low viscosity is brought by introducing high amount of chain extender having low viscosity.
• the resulted liquid polyurethane reaction mixture is prone to phase separation since viscosity of the chain extender is far below other components in the second component, like polyol (P-1), allowing the high amount of chain extender to be easily separated from the polyurethane mixture.
• the non-uniform distribution of chain extender prevents uniform reaction with isocyanates which is undesired.
• the battery pack comprises a battery case and has a size of 40 cm (width) x 150 cm (length) x 11 cm (height). 120 battery cells were placed inside the battery case, i.e. on the bottom of the battery case.
• the battery cell has a diameter of 4.6cm and a height of 8cm.
• the battery case has a surface size of 0.6m 2 .
• the battery pack further comprises other components. Battery cells and other components separate internal space of the battery case into a plurality of receiving cavities.
• the liquid polyurethane reaction mixtures of example 1 and example 3 prepared according to above Table 1 was injected into the receiving cavities immediately after mixing via spray head. Specific process conditions were listed in below Table 2.
• the liquid polyurethane reaction mixtures of example 1 and example 3 were processed under different conditions as shown in Ex. 1-1 , Ex. 1-2, Ex. 3-1 and Ex. 3-2.
• the battery packs were kept at room temperature (25 °C) for curing.
• the liquid polyurethane reaction mixtures gradually hardened into polyurethane foam. As appropriate, trim the top polyurethane foam and close the upper cover of the battery case.
• Rising time (T2) of the polyurethane reaction mixture was measured as following: immediately after mixing the first component and the second component, 50g of the resulted polyurethane reaction mixture was added into a beaker (250ml); then observe and record the time at which the mixture starts to expand at 25°C by naked eye. It shall be understood that rising time of polyurethane reaction mixture will be a bit prolonged when the polyurethane reaction mixture was poured into the battery case containing a plurality of battery cells.

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• 2023
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