EP4594121A1 - Verfahren und antriebseinheit zum starten einer primärantriebsmaschine - Google Patents
Verfahren und antriebseinheit zum starten einer primärantriebsmaschineInfo
- Publication number
- EP4594121A1 EP4594121A1 EP23825193.8A EP23825193A EP4594121A1 EP 4594121 A1 EP4594121 A1 EP 4594121A1 EP 23825193 A EP23825193 A EP 23825193A EP 4594121 A1 EP4594121 A1 EP 4594121A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- drive machine
- ice
- switching element
- primary drive
- gear
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
- B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
- B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
- B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
- B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
- B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
- B60W10/115—Stepped gearings with planetary gears
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
- B60W30/19—Improvement of gear change, e.g. by synchronisation or smoothing gear shift
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
- B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
- B60W2300/36—Cycles; Motorcycles; Scooters
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for starting a primary drive machine, in particular an internal combustion engine, during an electric driving mode of a drive unit and to a drive unit for a motor vehicle, in particular for a motorcycle, with a primary drive machine, a secondary drive machine and a transmission, which drive unit has the following:
- a planetary gear set having a first, second and third member, the first member being connected to the primary drive machine, the second member being connected to the secondary drive machine and the third member being connected to the first input shaft;
- a first switching element which is designed to connect two members of the planetary gear set to one another in a rotationally fixed manner in a first switching position and to block the planetary gear set thereby;
- the idler gears of at least two gear pairs are rotatably mounted on the intermediate shaft, and the fixed gears of these at least two gear pairs are arranged in a rotationally fixed manner on the input shaft.
- the invention relates to a motor vehicle, in particular a motorcycle, with such a drive unit.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method and a drive unit for starting a primary drive machine, in particular an internal combustion engine, during an electric driving mode.
- the drive unit according to the invention has shafts arranged parallel to one another, namely input shaft, intermediate shaft and output shaft.
- a transmission of the drive unit according to the invention is preceded - in the power flow - by a planetary gear set, the first element of which is rotationally connected to a primary drive machine, the second element (P2) of which is rotationally connected to a secondary drive machine and the third element of which is rotationally connected to the input shaft.
- the transmission has a gear pair arrangement with several gear pairs, so that at least two, in particular at least four, different gear ratios can be switched.
- Each gear pair has a fixed gear and an idler gear, wherein each idler gear can be activated or deactivated, i.e. switched or separated, via a switching element assigned to the idler gear.
- the idler gears of at least two gear pairs are rotatably mounted on the intermediate shaft, wherein the fixed gears of these at least two gear pairs are rotationally fixedly arranged on the input shaft (14).
- a switching element is assigned to the input shaft.
- This can block the input shaft in at least one direction of rotation.
- This can advantageously be a non-controllable switching element, such as a freewheel, which only allows the input shaft to rotate in a forward direction of the motor vehicle.
- This has the advantage that one direction of rotation is blocked by the freewheel due to its design, without the need for control.
- control controllable or “control” are used in the sense of the invention in such a way that they also include regulation. It can also advantageously be a controllable claw brake, whereby the input shaft can be blocked in both directions of rotation.
- the switching element assigned to the input shaft is designed as a controllable claw brake and is combined with the switching element assigned to the planetary gear set, which blocks the planetary gear set. Both functions can therefore be implemented by just one actuator.
- the combined switching element consisting of the switching element assigned to the input shaft and the switching element assigned to the planetary gear set has three switching positions, namely a neutral position, a first switching position in which the planetary gear set is blocked, and a second switching position in which the input shaft is blocked.
- a switching element is assigned to the primary drive shaft.
- This can block the primary drive shaft in at least one direction of rotation.
- This can advantageously be a non-controllable switching element, such as a freewheel, which only allows the primary drive shaft to rotate in the direction in which the primary drive machine is usually operated. This has the advantage that one direction of rotation is blocked by the freewheel due to its design, without the need for control.
- control controllable or “control” are used in the sense of the invention in such a way that they also include regulating. It can also advantageously be a controllable claw brake, whereby the primary drive shaft can be blocked in both directions of rotation.
- the switching element assigned to the primary drive shaft is designed as a controllable claw brake and is combined with the switching element assigned to the planetary gear set, which blocks the planetary gear set. Both functions can thus be implemented by just one actuator.
- the combined switching element consisting of the switching element assigned to the primary drive shaft and the switching element assigned to the planetary gear set has three switching positions, namely a neutral position, a first switching position in which the planetary gear set is blocked, and a second switching position in which the primary drive shaft is blocked.
- the drive unit according to the invention advantageously enables five gears in ICE or hybrid mode with only four gear engagements. It also has the advantage that with only four or five switching elements, five gears in ICE or hybrid mode, four gears in electric mode (EV mode), charging the battery and starting the primary drive motor are possible.
- the full range of functions is advantageously already possible with a secondary drive motor of around 15% of the power of the primary drive motor, which means that an electric motor with a voltage of 48V can be used, for example.
- the drive unit according to the invention also makes it possible to dispense with friction clutches and synchronizations.
- the drive unit according to the invention has active torque support by the secondary drive machine during at least one gear change.
- the drive unit according to the invention and the method according to the invention make it possible to start the primary drive machine with high torque when stationary and during an electric driving mode.
- the first member of the planetary gear set is designed as a ring gear, the second member of the planetary gear set as a sun gear and the third member of the planetary gear set as a web.
- At least one switching element is formed by an axially displaceable switching sleeve, preferably an axially displaceable double switching sleeve.
- At least one switching element advantageously has two switching positions and preferably a neutral position between a first and a second switching position. It is particularly advantageous if a switching element assigned to a loose wheel is designed in one piece with a fixed wheel of at least one adjacent gear pair. This saves installation space and the number of parts. The fixed wheel is axially displaced with the switching element during the switching process. This design requires spur gears of the gear pair concerned.
- Fig. 1 a motor vehicle with a drive unit according to the invention
- Fig. 2 shows a drive unit according to the invention in a first embodiment
- Fig. 3 shows a drive unit according to the invention in a second embodiment
- Fig. 4 shows a drive unit according to the invention in a third embodiment
- Fig. 5 shows a drive unit according to the invention in a fourth embodiment
- Fig. 6 a drive unit according to the invention in a fifth embodiment
- Fig. 7 a development of the outer surface of a switching unit designed as a switching drum
- Fig. 8 shows an upper and lower diagram with the steps of a method according to the invention for starting a primary drive machine, these steps being illustrated using the concrete example of a drive unit according to the third embodiment variant from Fig. 4 in Figs. 9 to 14.
- Fig. 1 shows a motorcycle 11 with a drive unit 12 according to the invention, consisting of a primary drive machine ICE, a secondary drive machine EM and a transmission 13 with parallel input shafts 14, intermediate shafts 16 and output shafts 17 arranged transversely to the direction of travel.
- the output shaft 17 is connected to a rear wheel 19 of the motorcycle 1 via a final drive FD, which in the illustrated embodiment is formed by a traction mechanism transmission, for example via a drive chain 18.
- the primary drive machine ICE is formed in the embodiments by an internal combustion engine and the secondary drive unit EM by an electric machine.
- Fig. 2 the drive unit 12 from Fig. 1 is shown in detail.
- the transmission 13 of the drive unit 12 is designed in each of the embodiment variants to carry out at least one gear change with active torque support by the secondary drive machine EM.
- the transmission 13 has an input shaft 14.
- the output shaft 17 is connected to an intermediate shaft 16 in a rotationally fixed manner or is made in one piece with it.
- the intermediate shaft 16 is arranged parallel to the input shaft 14.
- the transmission 13 has a planetary gear set PGS with a first PI, second P2 and third element P3, the first element PI being connected to the primary drive machine ICE, the second element P2 to the secondary drive machine EM and the third element P3 to the input shaft 14.
- the primary drive machine ICE is drive-connected to the first element PI of the planetary gear set PGS via a primary drive PD formed by a spur gear stage.
- the transmission 13 has a gear pair arrangement 20 with four gear pairs L/l, 2, 3, 4, whereby each gear pair L/l, 2, 3, 4 has a fixed gear 1F, 2F, 3F, 4F and an idler gear 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, which correspond to one another and are in meshing engagement.
- Fixed gears are gears which are connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the respective supporting shaft - for example the input shaft 14 or the intermediate shaft 16.
- Idler gears are gears which are rotatably mounted on the supporting shaft - for example the intermediate shaft 16 or the input shaft 14 - and can be switchably connected to this shaft by means of switching elements assigned to the idler gears.
- the idler gear 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L and the fixed gear 1F, 2F, 3F, 4F of each gear pair L/l, 2, 3, 4 are thus arranged on different supporting shafts, wherein the supporting shafts are arranged parallel and spaced from each other in the transmission 13.
- the idler gears IL, 3L of the gear pairs L/l, 3 are arranged rotatably on the intermediate shaft 16.
- Two gears of two gear pairs L/l, 3, each formed by a fixed gear IF, 3F, are arranged on and rotationally fixed to the input shaft 14.
- the idler gears 2L, 4L of the gear pairs 2, 4 are arranged rotatably on the input shaft 14.
- the fixed gears 2F, 4F of the gear pairs 2, 4 are arranged on and rotationally fixed to the intermediate shaft 16.
- a first switching element CI, a second switching element C2 and a third switching element C3 are provided for carrying out gear changes.
- Each of the switching elements CI, C2, C3 designed as a switching sleeve has three switching positions in the first embodiment according to Fig. 2. These switching elements CI, C2, C3 are designed as double switching sleeves and additionally have a neutral position N between the two switching positions.
- the switching element CI blocks the primary drive machine ICE by establishing a rotationally fixed connection with the housing H and in this function forms the switching element CIL assigned to the primary drive machine ICE.
- the second switching position R the right one in Fig. 2 - the first element PI and the third element P3 of the planetary gear set PGS are rotationally fixedly coupled to one another.
- the switching element forms the switching element CI assigned to the planetary gear set PGS.
- the neutral position N of the switching element CI shown in Fig. 2 both the rotationally fixed connection with the housing H and between the two elements PI and P3 are canceled.
- a combined switching element is therefore shown which, in its left switching position, represents the function of the switching element CIL assigned to the primary drive machine ICE and, in its right switching position, represents the function of the switching element CI assigned to the planetary gear set PGS.
- the switching element C2 assigned to the idler gears 2L and 4L serves in the first embodiment shown in Fig. 2 to activate or deactivate the idler gears 2L and 4L of the gear pairs 2 and 4.
- the switching sleeve of the switching element C2 assigned to the idler gears is firmly connected to the fixed gear 3F of the gear pair 3 or is formed as one piece with it.
- the idler gear 2L is activated, i.e. non-rotatable. connected to the input shaft 14, and the idler gear 4L is deactivated, i.e. separated from the first input shaft 14.
- the idler gear 4L is activated, i.e. connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the input shaft 14, and the idler gear 2L is deactivated, i.e. separated from the first input shaft 14.
- both idler gears 2L and 4L are deactivated, i.e. freely rotatable on the supporting input shaft 14.
- the switching element C3 assigned to the idler gears 1L and 3L is used to activate or deactivate the idler gear 1L of the gear pair L/l and the idler gear 3L of the gear pair 3.
- the idler gear 3L is activated, i.e. connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the intermediate shaft 16, and the idler gear 1L is deactivated, i.e. separated from the intermediate shaft 16.
- the idler gear 1L is activated, i.e.
- both idler gears 1L and 3L are deactivated, i.e. can rotate freely on the supporting intermediate shaft 16.
- the first element PI of the planetary gear set PGS is designed as a ring gear, the second element P2 of the planetary gear set PGS as a sun gear and the third element P3 of the planetary gear set PGS as a planet carrier.
- the transmission 13 has a total of 5 gears GL, Gl, G2, G3, G4 for ICE or hybrid operating mode (mode).
- ICE or hybrid operating modes are operating modes of the drive unit 12 in which a motor vehicle is driven by the primary drive machine ICE alone or in combination by the primary drive machine ICE and the secondary drive machine EM.
- the primary drive machine ICE can be operated in four fixed gears Gl, G2, G3, G4 with torque support from the secondary drive machine EM.
- a further "virtual" gear GL can be operated with the rotor of the electrical machine forming the secondary drive machine EM electrically blocked or with its speed support.
- the gear change from GL to Gl is torque-filled for ICE or hybrid operation, i.e. without torque interruption. The other gear changes are carried out with torque interruption.
- the transmission 13 also has four gears El, E2, E3, E4 for EV operation (electric mode).
- EV operation is an operation in which a motor vehicle is driven solely by the secondary drive machine EM. It is therefore a purely electric journey.
- the gear changes for EV operation take place with torque interruption.
- the primary drive machine ICE can be started by the secondary drive machine EM when the vehicle is at a standstill or during electrical travel, with the torque required for this being supported on the housing via a switching element 0WC1 assigned to the input shaft 14.
- This switching element 0WC1 for example a freewheel, is designed in such a way that rotation in one direction is possible and blocked in the opposite direction.
- the switching element 0WC1 is designed as a non-controllable one-way clutch.
- the switching element 0WC1 assigned to the input shaft 14 is arranged coaxially on the input shaft 14. As a result, the input shaft 14 cannot be rotated in a direction of rotation associated with reversing of the motor vehicle.
- the primary drive machine ICE When the motor vehicle is at a standstill, the primary drive machine ICE can be towed cold - i.e. unfired. The primary drive machine ICE can also be towed warm - i.e. fired - when the motor vehicle is at a standstill or when the motor vehicle is coasting.
- the transmission 13 has a completely progressive gear ratio.
- the ratios of the gears GL and Gl are identical and are each formed by the same gear pair L/l.
- the four gear pairs L/l, 2, 3, 4 are arranged in four parallel gear planes e x , e 2 , £4, of the gear 13.
- the three shifting elements CI, C2, C3 can advantageously be designed as simple claw clutches with shift sleeves. This advantageously means that the transmission 13 does not require any friction clutches at all.
- the switching element CI advantageously also has a special design to increase functional reliability.
- the geometry of this design is shown in the bottom right of Fig. 2 to 6.
- One flank of the switching element CI is beveled at a certain angle.
- the functional safety feature of this design is provided by the fact that if the control system fails, the secondary drive machine EM is deactivated and the braking torque acts on the inclined thrust flanks SF (design as shown in Fig. 2, 3 and 6) or the inclined drive flanks AF (design as shown in Fig. 4 and 5), whereby the switching element CI opens automatically and an unwanted braking effect is prevented.
- this safety feature can prevent loss of control in most critical cases.
- Such a geometric and functional design of the switching element CI is basically referred to as a "functionally reliable switching element" within the meaning of the invention.
- the switching element CI When the switching element CI is designed as a functional safety element, the torque of the secondary drive machine EM applied during ferry operation should not exceed a certain ratio to the torque of the primary drive machine ICE (described in equation 2) so that the drive flanks AF (design as shown in Fig. 2, 3 and 6) or the thrust flanks SF (design as shown in Fig. 4 and 5) remain loaded.
- This safety design of the switching element CI prevents pure ferry operation with the secondary drive machine EM while the primary drive machine ICE is idling. To do this, the ICE must be switched to pure electric mode with the primary drive engine at a standstill.
- the torque of the secondary drive machine EM applied during regenerative braking should exceed a certain ratio to the torque of the primary drive machine ICE (described according to equation 2) so that the drive flanks AF (design as shown in Fig. 2, 3 and 6) or the thrust flanks SF (design as shown in Fig. 4 and 5) remain loaded.
- the drive flanks AF design as shown in Fig. 2, 3 and 6
- the thrust flanks SF design as shown in Fig. 4 and 5
- T £M is the torque of the secondary drive machine EM
- T ;c£ is the torque of the primary drive machine ICE
- i O p G s is the stationary gear ratio of the planetary gear set PGS
- i PD is the gear ratio of the primary drive PD:
- FIGS 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 show embodiments of drive units 12 according to the invention, which are particularly suitable for single-track motor vehicles - in particular motorcycles 11.
- a parking lock device and a reverse gear can generally be dispensed with.
- the secondary drive machine EM is arranged coaxially with the planetary gear set PGS.
- the gears of the gear arrangement 20, at least of the gear pairs 3 and 4 are straight-toothed.
- the planetary gear set PGS is arranged between the gear pair arrangement 20 and the secondary drive machine EM.
- the primary drive machine ICE is connected to the first element PI of the planetary gear set PGS via a primary drive PD, formed for example by a gear stage, and a torsional vibration damper D. All gears are advantageously designed with straight teeth so that no axial forces occur.
- the input shaft 14 is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the third element P3 of the planetary gear set PGS, which is formed by a planet carrier.
- the switching element CI assigned to the planetary gear set PGS in the first and second embodiment shown in Fig. 2 and 3 blocks the planetary gear set PGS in the second switching position R on the right in Fig. 2 and 3, in that the first element PI - here formed as a ring gear - is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the third element P3.
- the transmission 13 has the following switching pattern:
- the gear pair arrangement 20 corresponds to that of the first embodiment.
- the switching elements C2 and C3 are also designed as double switching sleeves.
- the left switching position L which in the first embodiment according to Fig. 2 provides support on the housing H, is omitted.
- this support on the housing H is provided by another switching element OWC2 assigned to the primary drive machine ICE.
- This switching element OWC2 for example a freewheel, is designed in such a way that rotation in one direction is possible, with the opposite direction being blocked.
- the switching element OWC2 is designed as a non-controllable one-way clutch.
- the switching element OWC2 assigned to the primary drive machine ICE is arranged on the shaft of the primary drive machine ICE (primary drive shaft) so that the primary drive machine ICE cannot be rotated against its drive direction. Regenerative braking when driving only with the secondary drive machine EM is limited in this design variant, but is acceptable due to dynamic wheel load distribution and the resulting relief of the rear wheel on single-track motorcycles.
- Fig. 4 shows a variation of the second embodiment as a third embodiment, wherein the shifting element OWC1 assigned to the input shaft 14 is arranged inward between the gear pair arrangement 20 and the planetary gear set PGS and the shifting element CI assigned to the planetary gear set PGS is arranged on the outside of the secondary drive machine EM and is designed in such a way that, when activated, the planetary gear set PGS is locked by the second element P2 - here formed as a sun gear - being connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the third element P3.
- the design of the shifting element CI can advantageously be carried out as a functionally reliable shifting element.
- the associated geometric design is shown in Fig. 4 bottom right.
- a single shifting unit 30 which is advantageously designed as a shift drum, which is actuated via a drive element 31, for example an electric motor.
- the design of the shifting unit 30 with the associated positions is shown in Fig. 7. Fig.
- FIG. 5 shows a fourth embodiment variant, a variation of the third embodiment variant, wherein the switching element 0WC1 assigned to the input shaft 14 and the switching element 0WC2 assigned to the primary drive machine ICE are arranged inside between the gear pair arrangement 20 and the planetary gear set PGS on the input shaft 14 and the switching element CI assigned to the planetary gear set PGS is arranged on the outside of the secondary drive machine EM and is designed in such a way that, when actuated, the planetary gear set PGS is locked by the second element P2 - here formed as a sun gear - being connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the third element P3.
- the design of the switching element CI assigned to the planetary gear set PGS can also be implemented as a functionally reliable switching element and is also shown in Fig. 5.
- the actuation and positioning of the switching elements C2 and C3 also takes place via a single switching unit 30, which is actuated via a drive element 31.
- the design of the switching unit 30 with the associated positions is shown in Fig
- the transmission 13 has the following switching pattern in the second, third and fourth embodiments shown in Fig. 3 - 5:
- the torque of the secondary drive machine EM during the ICE and hybrid modes Gl, G2, G3, G4 should not exceed a certain proportion of the torque of the primary drive machine ICE in ferry operation if the switching element CI assigned to the planetary gear set is designed as a functionally reliable switching element in its right switching position R, as is also shown in Fig. 2 - 6.
- Fig. 6 shows a fifth embodiment, a variation of the second embodiment, in which the switching element OWC1 assigned to the input shaft 14 is omitted and the switching element CI in the left switching position L takes over the function of the switching element assigned to the input shaft 14 and connects the input shaft 14 to the housing H in a rotationally fixed manner.
- the switching element CI can also be designed as a functionally reliable switching element and is also shown in Fig. 6 bottom right. Reversing with the secondary drive machine EM is possible in this fifth embodiment.
- the fifth embodiment according to Fig. 6 therefore shows - in a similar way to the first embodiment according to Fig.
- the transmission 13 has the following switching pattern:
- reversing and regenerative braking during the modes El, E2, E3 and E4 are limited by the breakaway torque of the primary drive machine ICE.
- the torque of the secondary drive machine EM during the ICE and hybrid modes Gl, G2, G3, G4 should not exceed a certain proportion of the torque of the primary drive machine ICE in ferry operation if the switching element CI assigned to the planetary gear set is designed as a functionally reliable switching element in its right switching position R, as is also shown in Fig. 2 - 6.
- the switching unit 30 in the design as a shift drum has seven defined rotational positions Dl, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7.
- the rotational positions Dl, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7 of the shift drum are defined by a positioning device 40 with a spring-loaded locking element 41.
- the shift drum has a position indicator 42 formed by a depression or recess - for example a notch - in the front surface or outer surface of the shift drum.
- the locking element 41 engages positively in the position indicator 42 and ensures that the respective desired rotational position Dl, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7 of the shift drum can be approached precisely.
- Fig. 8 shows a state diagram of a method according to the invention for starting a primary drive machine.
- an internal combustion engine ICE is started by an electric machine EM as a secondary engine.
- the states in the temporal course of the method are shown on the x-axis of the two diagrams from left to right.
- the upper diagram shows the curves of the speeds and torques of the various components, with the lower diagram showing the curves of the power and the required tractive force.
- the qualitative course is primarily decisive for the method according to the invention, whereby the quantitative data represent a preferred solution in the embodiment shown.
- ICE speed speed of a primary drive machine ICE
- ICE torque torque of a primary drive machine ICE
- Vehicle speed (constant) speed of a motor vehicle.
- ICE power power of the primary drive machine ICE
- Total output power total output power of the drive unit
- the gear shift is from fourth gear in electric mode E4 to third gear in ICE and hybrid mode G3.
- the steps can be applied in an analogous manner to other gear changes from electric mode to ICE and hybrid mode, to the other embodiments and to the drive unit according to the invention in principle.
- Fig. 9 shows a state of the drive unit 12, which describes the first step of the method according to the invention for starting a primary drive machine ICE.
- the elements and connections involved are shown in bold in the schematic representation.
- the vehicle is in a ferry mode in which the entire required driving power is provided by the secondary drive machine EM or is braked regeneratively.
- the secondary drive machine EM rotates in a positive direction (forward).
- the primary drive machine ICE is switched off and, when driven, is blocked against reversing by the one-way switching element 0WC2.
- the static breakaway torque of the primary drive machine ICE provides the necessary support torque and thus also sets a limit for the maximum braking torque that can be applied via the secondary drive machine EM.
- the fourth gear E4 is engaged in electric mode.
- all other gears can also be engaged in electric mode as a starting point.
- the switching element C2 is in the right switching position and connects the idler gear 4L to the input shaft 14 in a rotationally fixed manner, and the switching element C3 is in the neutral position.
- the torque of the secondary drive machine EM is reduced in order to relieve the load on the switching element C2.
- the speed and force ratios of the planetary gear set PGS are shown in the lower right-hand area of Fig. 9.
- the largest circle represents the ring gear, i.e. the first element PI
- the smaller lower circle represents the sun gear, i.e. the second element
- the smaller upper circle represents the planet carrier including the planet, i.e. the third element of the planetary gear set PGS.
- the first element PI is rotationally connected to the switching element 0WC2. In the state shown, the first element PI, blocked by the switching element 0WC2, does not rotate, which is indicated by an "X" in the left-hand illustration. Its speed is therefore zero.
- the second element P2 is driven by the secondary drive machine EM and has the speed shown by the lower arrow pointing to the right. This results in the third element P3 having the speed shown by the smaller arrow pointing to the right.
- the forces acting are shown in the right-hand illustration.
- Fig. 10 shows a state of the drive unit 12 during the second and third steps of the method according to the invention.
- the switching element C2 is switched from the right switching position R to the middle neutral position, so that the transmission 13 is in a neutral position without a gear engaged.
- the secondary drive machine EM is controlled in such a way that the speed of the secondary drive machine EM is reduced until it comes to a standstill.
- the speed and force ratios shown in the lower right-hand area in Fig. 10 at the end of the third step all three members of the planetary gear set PGS are stationary and no forces are transmitted.
- the motor vehicle is in sailing mode, i.e. no power or torque is transmitted from the drive unit 12 to the wheels.
- Fig. 11 shows a state of the drive unit 12 during the fourth and fifth steps of the method according to the invention.
- the secondary drive machine EM is subjected to a torque in the opposite (negative) direction, whereby the input shaft 14 is blocked by the one-way switching element OWC1 as the switching element assigned to the input shaft 14, so that the third element P3 of the planetary gear set PGS absorbs a reaction torque.
- OWC1 lock the shaft of the primary drive machine ICE is released from the blocked state via the first element PI, i.e. it begins to rotate forwards.
- the speeds of the secondary drive machine EM and the primary drive machine ICE increase until the time "cranking", in which the primary drive machine ICE is then started in the fifth step (from the time “cranking" up to and including the time “ICE idle” according to Fig. 8), i.e. in the case of an internal combustion engine as the primary drive machine ICE, the fuel injection and ignition take place.
- the primary drive machine ICE runs independently. In the lower right area in Fig.
- the speed and force ratios in the planetary gear set PGS are shown during the start of the primary drive machine ICE, with the third element P3 being blocked by the switching element OWC1 (as the switching element assigned to the input shaft 14), the second element P2 being driven by the secondary drive machine EM and the torque being delivered to the first element PI.
- the vehicle is in sailing mode, i.e. no power or torque is transmitted from the drive unit 12 to the wheels of the motor vehicle.
- Fig. 12 shows a state of the drive unit 12 during the sixth and seventh step according to claim 10 of the method according to the invention.
- the speed of the secondary drive machine EM is reduced (but initially remains in the negative direction), whereby the input shaft 14 is released from the blockage by the freewheel 0WC1 as the switching element assigned to the input shaft 14.
- the speeds of the counter elements of the switching element C3 to be closed for the target gear G3 are synchronized by simultaneously controlling the speeds of the primary drive machine ICE and the secondary drive machine EM.
- the planetary gear set PGS is freely movable, i.e. not blocked, and free of forces.
- the vehicle is in sailing mode, which means that no power or torque is transmitted from the drive unit 12 to the wheels of the motor vehicle.
- Fig. 13 shows a state of the drive unit 12 during the eighth and ninth steps of the method according to the invention according to claim 10.
- the switching element C3 to be closed for the target gear G3 is switched from the middle neutral position to the left into the switching position L, so that the transmission 13 is in third gear in ICE and hybrid mode G3.
- a torque is applied simultaneously by the primary drive machine ICE and the secondary drive machine EM, with the torques on the first and second members Pl, P2 of the planetary gear set PGS balancing each other out.
- FIG. 13 shows the speed and force ratios that act in the planetary gear set PGS before the time "CI engagement" according to Fig. 8. This shows the balance of forces and the same direction of rotation of all elements of the planetary gear set PGS.
- the vehicle can now be driven in hybrid mode via the primary drive machine ICE and the secondary drive machine EM.
- Fig. 14 shows a state of the drive unit 12 during the eleventh and twelfth
- Step (just before the point in time "CI engagement” according to Fig. 8) is a Synchronization of the rotational speeds of the counter elements of the switching element CI to be closed for the target gear G3 by simultaneously controlling the rotational speeds of the primary drive machine ICE and the secondary drive machine EM.
- the switching element CI to be closed for the target gear G3 is actuated and the planetary gear set PGS is locked against rotation.
- the second P2 and third P3 elements of the planetary gear set PGS are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner, thereby locking the planetary gear set PGS.
- this can also be done by connecting the first PI and third P3 elements.
- a torque is applied by at least the primary drive machine ICE or the secondary drive machine EM.
- the vehicle is now driven in hybrid mode via both drive elements, i.e. primary drive machine ICE and secondary drive machine EM.
- the vehicle can therefore be driven in ICE mode (only by the primary drive machine ICE) or in hybrid mode (by primary drive machine ICE and secondary drive machine EM).
- the speed and force ratios that act in the planetary gear set PGS at the time "G3-boost" according to Fig. 8 are shown.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATA50888/2022A AT526348B1 (de) | 2022-11-23 | 2022-11-23 | Verfahren und Antriebseinheit zum Starten einer Primärantriebsmaschine |
| PCT/AT2023/060407 WO2024108246A1 (de) | 2022-11-23 | 2023-11-22 | Verfahren und antriebseinheit zum starten einer primärantriebsmaschine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4594121A1 true EP4594121A1 (de) | 2025-08-06 |
Family
ID=89223507
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23825193.8A Pending EP4594121A1 (de) | 2022-11-23 | 2023-11-22 | Verfahren und antriebseinheit zum starten einer primärantriebsmaschine |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4594121A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2025536780A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN120265486A (de) |
| AT (1) | AT526348B1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024108246A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006003725A1 (de) * | 2006-01-26 | 2007-08-02 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Kraftfahrzeug-Antriebsstrangs |
| DE102011005562A1 (de) * | 2011-03-15 | 2012-09-20 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Schaltgetriebe eines Hybridantriebs für ein Kraftfahrzeug |
| KR102496252B1 (ko) * | 2017-12-04 | 2023-02-08 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 하이브리드 차량용 다단 dct |
| US10569635B2 (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2020-02-25 | Zhihui Duan | Hybrid electric drive train of a motor vehicle |
| CN113147355B (zh) * | 2021-05-25 | 2024-01-02 | 段志辉 | 一种混合动力系统及控制方法、车辆 |
-
2022
- 2022-11-23 AT ATA50888/2022A patent/AT526348B1/de active
-
2023
- 2023-11-22 EP EP23825193.8A patent/EP4594121A1/de active Pending
- 2023-11-22 WO PCT/AT2023/060407 patent/WO2024108246A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-11-22 CN CN202380080775.1A patent/CN120265486A/zh active Pending
- 2023-11-22 JP JP2025529934A patent/JP2025536780A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2025536780A (ja) | 2025-11-07 |
| WO2024108246A1 (de) | 2024-05-30 |
| CN120265486A (zh) | 2025-07-04 |
| AT526348A4 (de) | 2024-02-15 |
| AT526348B1 (de) | 2024-02-15 |
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