EP4599206A1 - Systèmes de stockage d'énergie thermique comprenant des échangeurs de pression - Google Patents

Systèmes de stockage d'énergie thermique comprenant des échangeurs de pression

Info

Publication number
EP4599206A1
EP4599206A1 EP23797990.1A EP23797990A EP4599206A1 EP 4599206 A1 EP4599206 A1 EP 4599206A1 EP 23797990 A EP23797990 A EP 23797990A EP 4599206 A1 EP4599206 A1 EP 4599206A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
thermal energy
storage medium
energy storage
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23797990.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Azam Mihir Thatte
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Energy Recovery Inc
Original Assignee
Energy Recovery Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Energy Recovery Inc filed Critical Energy Recovery Inc
Publication of EP4599206A1 publication Critical patent/EP4599206A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/006—Heat storage systems not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0069—Distributing arrangements; Fluid deflecting means
    • F28D2020/0073—Distributing arrangements; Fluid deflecting means movable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0078—Heat exchanger arrangements

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to energy storage systems, and more specifically, thermal energy storage systems including pressure exchangers.
  • Systems use fluids at different pressures. Systems use pumps or compressors to increase pressure of fluid. Systems may utilize pressure changes of a working fluid to transfer energy between various components of the system.
  • FIGS. 1A-B illustrate schematic diagrams of fluid handling systems including hydraulic energy transfer systems and a thermal energy storage medium, according to some embodiments.
  • FIGS. 2A-E are exploded perspective views of pressure exchangers (PXs), according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of a thermal energy storage system including a PX, according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of a thermal energy storage system that includes a PX, according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 3C depicts a thermal energy storage system for generating a heat sink for cooling a target environment, according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 4A depicts an example thermal energy storage medium management system, according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 4B depicts a thermal energy storage medium reservoir, according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 4D depicts a thermal energy storage medium system including a secondary energy transfer fluid, according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of a method for causing a thermal energy storage system to operate in a target mode, according to some embodiments.
  • refrigeration systems use pumps or compressors to increase the pressure of a fluid (e.g., a refrigeration fluid such as CO 2 , R-744, R-134a, hydrocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), ammonia (NH 3 ), refrigerant blends, R-407A, R-404A, etc.).
  • a fluid e.g., a refrigeration fluid such as CO 2 , R-744, R-134a, hydrocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), ammonia (NH 3 ), refrigerant blends, R-407A, R-404A, etc.
  • a fluid e.g., a refrigeration fluid such as CO 2 , R-744, R-134a, hydrocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), ammonia (NH 3 ), refrigerant
  • conventional heat pump systems decrease the pressure of the fluid through expansion valves.
  • the hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants e.g. R- 134a, R-404a etc.
  • HFC hydrofluorocarbon
  • the gas cooler / condenser pressure required for CO 2 based heat pump systems is much higher compared to that required for commonly used HFC based heat pump systems.
  • the PX may receive a first fluid (e.g., a portion of the refrigeration fluid at high pressure) via a first inlet (e.g., a high pressure inlet) and a second fluid (e.g., a portion of the refrigeration fluid at a low pressure.) via a second inlet (e.g., a low pressure inlet).
  • a first inlet e.g., a high pressure inlet
  • a second fluid e.g., a portion of the refrigeration fluid at a low pressure.
  • a second inlet e.g., a low pressure inlet
  • the PX may exchange pressure between the first fluid and the second fluid.
  • the first fluid may exit the PX via a first outlet (e.g., a low pressure outlet) and the second fluid may exit the PX via a second outlet (e.g., a high pressure outlet).
  • the system may further include one or more of an expansion valve and a compressor to perform a refrigeration cycle, heat transfer cycle, heat pump cycle, heat engine cycle, or the like.
  • Working fluid may expand through the expansion valve, decreasing in pressure and temperature.
  • the working fluid may receive thermal energy (e.g., heat) from another environment (e.g., a heat source, a cold reservoir, etc.) via another heat exchanger (e.g., an evaporator).
  • the working fluid may be compressed in a compressor to increase pressure of the refrigeration fluid.
  • Thermal energy may be rejected from the working fluid in the condenser, and the first fluid (e.g., at least a portion of the working fluid) may flow into the PX and exchange pressure with the second fluid as part of a heat transfer cycle.
  • a system includes a pressure exchanger (PX) configured to receive a first fluid at a first pressure and a second fluid at a second pressure and exchange pressure between the first fluid and the second fluid.
  • PX pressure exchanger
  • the system further includes a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger.
  • the system further includes a compressor.
  • the system further includes an electrical energy generation device.
  • the system further includes a first valve.
  • the system further includes a processing device operatively coupled to the first valve.
  • the processing device is configured to provide a control signal to the first valve to cause the system to be operated in a first mode or a second mode. Operation in the first mode includes providing fluid flow to the PX, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, and the compressor.
  • Operation in the second mode comprises providing fluid flow to the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, and the electrical energy generation device.
  • the LP out system 142 may provide the fluid to compressor 178 and low pressure lift device 128.
  • the second heat exchanger 144 may provide the fluid to compressor 178 and the receiver 113 (e.g., flash tank) may provide fluid to the low pressure lift device 128.
  • Receiver 113 may form a chamber to collect and/or contain fluid.
  • Receiver 113 may receive the fluid in a two-phase state (e.g., liquid and gas).
  • Receiver 113 may separate phases of the fluid.
  • Receiver 113 may enable gas and liquid to be provided separately to other components, e.g., to control fluid density, to ensure a target phase reaches a target component, or the like.
  • the first heat exchanger 138 may receive fluid from compressor 178 and high pressure lift device 159.
  • One or more controllers may control one or more components of fluid handling system 100B.
  • High pressure lift device 159 may be a high pressure booster and low pressure lift device 128 may be a low pressure booster.
  • the fluid handling system 100B may be a closed system.
  • LP fluid in 120, HP fluid in 130, LP fluid out 140, andHP fluid out 150 may all be a fluid (e.g., refrigerant, the same fluid, a working fluid) that is circulated in the closed system of fluid handling system 100B.
  • Fluid handling system 100B may additionally include one or more sensors configured to provide sensor data associated with the fluid.
  • One or more flow valves may control flowrates of the fluid based on sensor data received from the one or more sensors.
  • a controller causes one or more flow valves (not illustrated) to actuate based on sensor data received.
  • the openings 72 and 74 of the rotor 46 are arranged for hydraulic communication with inlet and outlet apertures 76 and 78 (e.g., end cover inlet port and end cover outlet port) and 80 and 82 (e.g., end cover inlet port and end cover outlet port) in the end covers 64 and 66, in such a manner that during rotation the channels 70 are exposed to fluid at high-pressure and fluid at low-pressure.
  • the inlet and outlet apertures 76 and 78 and 80 and 82 may be designed in the form of arcs or segments of a circle (e.g., C-shaped).
  • a controller using sensor data may control the extent of mixing between the first and second fluids in the rotary PX 40, which may be used to improve the operability of the fluid handling system (e.g., fluid handling systems 100A-B of FIGS. 1A-B).
  • varying the volumetric flow rates of the first and/or second fluids entering the rotary PX 40 allows the operator (e.g., system operator, plant operator) to control the amount of fluid mixing within the PX 40.
  • varying the rotational speed of the rotor 46 also allows the operator to control mixing.
  • Three characteristics of the rotary PX 40 that affect mixing are: (1) the aspect ratio of the rotor channels 70; (2) the duration of exposure between the first and second fluids; and (3) the creation of a barrier (e.g., fluid barrier, piston, interface) between the first and second fluids within the rotor channels 70.
  • the rotor channels 70 e.g., ducts
  • the first and second fluids may move through the channels 70 in a plug flow regime with minimal axial mixing.
  • the speed of the rotor 46 reduces contact between the first and second fluids.
  • the speed of the rotor 46 e.g., rotor speed of approximately 1200 revolutions per minute (RPM)
  • RPM revolutions per minute
  • the rotor channel 70 e.g., a small portion of the rotor channel 70 is used for the exchange of pressure between the first and second fluids.
  • LP-in low-pressure inlet
  • This high pressure high temperature supercritical CO 2 is then ejected out through an high-pressure outlet (HP-out) port as the high pressure, medium temperature supercritical CO 2 enters the duct from opposite end (e.g., HP-in port) and pushes the now compressed portion of fluid out of the HP-out port.
  • the HP-in fluid portion then becomes sealed in the duct as the duct continues its rotation past the HP-in port.
  • this duct is exposed to the LP-out port, an expansion wave may propagate through the duct and converts high-pressure moderate-temperature supercritical CO 2 into a low-pressure low-temperature two-phase liquid gas mixture which is then ejected out of the LP-out port.
  • a volume of fluid remains in the channel 70 as a barrier between the first and second fluids. All these mechanisms may limit mixing within the rotary PX 40. Moreover, in some embodiments, the rotary PX 40 may be designed to operate with internal pistons or other barriers, either complete or partial, that isolate the first and second fluids while enabling pressure transfer. [0052] PX 40 may be in a system (e.g., thermal energy storage system) that also includes thermal energy storage medium 180. The thermal energy storage medium may provide heat to the working fluid of PX 40. The thermal energy storage medium may receive heat from the working fluid of PX 40. The thermal energy storage medium may be in thermal communication with the working fluid of PX 40.
  • a system e.g., thermal energy storage system
  • the thermal energy storage medium may provide heat to the working fluid of PX 40.
  • the thermal energy storage medium may receive heat from the working fluid of PX 40.
  • the thermal energy storage medium may be in thermal communication with the working fluid of PX 40.
  • the thermal energy storage medium may be in thermal communication via one or more other components of subsystems, such as one or more heat exchangers, a secondary heat transfer fluid, or the like.
  • a fluid handling system may have one thermal energy storage system, e.g., for storing heat to later be provided to a target area or process, for later receiving heat to cool a target area or component, or the like.
  • a fluid handling system may have multiple thermal energy storage systems, e.g., for passing heat between the storage systems.
  • a fluid handling system including PX 40 may include a first “hot” thermal energy storage medium 180 maintained at a high temperature (compared to an ambient temperature, a second energy storage medium, or the like), and a second “cold” thermal energy storage medium 180 maintained at a low temperature.
  • the fluid handling system may be operated in cycles, e.g., a charge cycle (e.g., in which work is performed on the working fluid to act as a heat pump) and a discharge cycle (e.g., in which a stored state of a thermal energy storage medium 180 is utilized to perform a target function).
  • a charge cycle may store thermal energy and a discharge cycle may extract energy from the thermal energy storage medium 180, e.g., via an electric generator of a heat engine system.
  • a charge cycle may generate a cold thermal energy storage medium 180, and a discharge cycle may use the thermal energy storage medium 180 as a heat sink to cool a target location, component, material, or the like.
  • a charge cycle may increase the temperature of a thermal energy storage medium 180 (e.g., by transferring heat from a lower temperature heat source), and a discharge cycle may utilize the high temperature heat for a target process (e.g., an industrial process).
  • PX 40 may be utilized for one cycle of a fluid handling system and not another cycle.
  • PX 40 may be utilized during a charge cycle and not be utilized during a discharge cycle.
  • Fluid handling systems may include multiple architectures, e.g., to accommodate the charge and discharge cycles. Fluid handling system architectures may have some overlap of components (e.g., thermal energy storge medium 180) and may have some exclusive components (e.g., PX 40, a main working fluid compressor, an electric generator, etc.).
  • FIGS. 2B-2E are exploded views of an embodiment of the rotary PX 40 illustrating the sequence of positions of a single rotor channel 70 in the rotor 46 as the channel 70 rotates through a complete cycle. It is noted that FIGS. 2B-2E are simplifications of the rotary PX 40 showing one rotor channel 70, and the channel 70 is shown as having a circular cross- sectional shape. In other embodiments, the rotary PX 40 may include a plurality of channels 70 with the same or different cross-sectional shapes (e.g., circular, oval, square, rectangular, polygonal, etc.). Thus, FIGS.
  • the rotary PX 40 facilitates pressure exchange between first and second fluids (e.g., a higher pressure refrigerant and lower pressure refrigerant, etc.) by enabling the first and second fluids to briefly contact each other within the rotor 46.
  • the PX facilitates pressure exchange between first and second fluids by enabling the first and second fluids to contact opposing sides of a barrier (e.g., a reciprocating barrier, a piston, not shown). In some embodiments, this exchange happens at speeds that result in limited mixing of the first and second fluids.
  • FIG. 2B is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a rotary PX 40 (e.g., rotary LPC), according to certain embodiments.
  • the channel opening 72 is in a first position.
  • the channel opening 72 is in fluid communication with the aperture 78 in end cover 64 and therefore with the manifold 52, while the opposing channel opening 74 is in hydraulic communication with the aperture 82 in end cover 66 and by extension with the manifold 54.
  • the rotor 46 may rotate in the clockwise direction indicated by arrow 84.
  • low-pressure second fluid 86 e.g., low pressure slurry fluid
  • the second fluid 86 then drives the first fluid 88 out of the channel 70, through end cover 64, and out of the rotary PX 40.
  • low pressure second fluid 86 contacts a first side of a barrier (e.g., a piston, not shown) disposed in channel 70 that is in contact (e.g., on an opposing side of the barrier) by first fluid 88.
  • the second fluid 86 drives the barrier which pushes first fluid 88 out of the channel 70.
  • FIG. 2C is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a rotary PX 40 (e.g., rotary LPC), according to certain embodiments.
  • the channel 70 has rotated clockwise through an arc of approximately 90 degrees.
  • the opening 74 e.g., outlet
  • the opening 72 is no longer in fluid communication with the apertures 76 and 78 of end cover 64. Accordingly, the low-pressure second fluid 86 is temporarily contained within the channel 70.
  • FIG. 2D is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a rotary PX 40 (e.g., rotary LPC), according to certain embodiments.
  • the channel 70 has rotated through approximately 60 degrees of arc from the position shown in FIG. 2B.
  • the opening 74 is now in fluid communication with aperture 80 in end cover 66, and the opening 72 of the channel 70 is now in fluid communication with aperture 76 of the end cover 64.
  • high-pressure first fluid 88 enters and pressurizes the low-pressure second fluid 86, driving the second fluid 86 out of the rotor channel 70 and through the aperture 80.
  • FIG. 2E is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a rotary PX 40 (e.g., rotary LPC), according to certain embodiments.
  • the channel 70 has rotated through approximately 270 degrees of arc from the position shown in FIG. 2B.
  • the opening 74 is no longer in fluid communication with the apertures 80 and 82 of end cover 66
  • the opening 72 is no longer in fluid communication with the apertures 76 and 78 of end cover 64.
  • the first fluid 88 is no longer pressurized and is temporarily contained within the channel 70 until the rotor 46 rotates another 90 degrees, starting the cycle over again.
  • FIGS. 3A-C are schematic diagrams of thermal energy storage systems 300A-C (e.g., refrigeration systems, heat pump systems, power generation systems, energy transfer systems, energy storage systems, etc.) including PXs, according to some embodiments. Some of the components of one or more of FIGS. 3A-C may share one or more features, properties, functions, or structures as components of FIGS. 1 A-B and/or FIGS. 2A-E. Systems of one or more of FIGS. 3A-C and/or FIGS. 3A-C may be used to perform operations of methods 500 and/or 600, described in FIGS. 5-6.
  • FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of a thermal energy storage system 300A including a PX 310, according to some embodiments.
  • thermal energy storage system 300 A is a thermal energy transport system and/or a fluid handling system.
  • Thermal energy storage system 300 A may circulate a working fluid for performing energy storage operations, e.g., a refrigerant, propane, ammonia, CO 2 etc.
  • Thermal energy storage system 300 A include a first architecture 302 and a second architecture 304.
  • First architecture 302 may be configured to perform operations of a charge cycle.
  • Second architecture 304 may be configured to perform operations of a discharge cycle.
  • the charge cycle may be a heat pump cycle.
  • the charge cycle may transfer heat from an area of lower temperature (e.g., low temperature heat exchanger 318) to an area of higher temperature (e.g., high temperature heat exchanger 329. Transferring heat from a lower temperature region to a higher temperature region may be performed at the cost of energy to perform work on the system, e.g., performed by compressor 322.
  • PX 310 may reduce the energy requirements of the system by reducing an amount of working fluid that must be compressed by compressor 322, by performing more efficient forms of compression and/or expansion of the working fluid, etc.
  • PX 310 performs expansion work recovery, e.g., it recovers the pressure energy from the high pressure refrigerant fluid exiting the high temperature heat exchanger 329 and uses it to compress a portion of the low pressure refrigerant vapor exiting the low temperature heat exchanger 318. Without the PX 310 this pressure energy would have been lost through expansion across a high pressure valve in a standard heat pump system. Thus PX 310 reduces the amount of low-pressure working fluid that needs to be compressed by compressor 322 and thus reduces energy consumption of the compressor 322. This causes a charge cycle utilizing architecture 302 of thermal energy storage system 300 A to be more efficient.
  • the discharge cycle may transfer thermal energy from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature.
  • the discharge cycle may be used (e.g., as a heat engine) to generate energy for use or storage (e.g., electricity) for use.
  • PX 310 may be included in a first architecture (e.g., may be utilized in a charge cycle of thermal energy storage system 100A).
  • PX 310 may be a rotary pressure exchanger.
  • PX 310 is an isobaric or substantially isobaric pressure exchanger.
  • PX 310 may be configured to exchange pressure between a first fluid and a second fluid.
  • PX 310 may be configured to receive a first fluid at a high pressure via a high-pressure inlet (HP in) and a second fluid at a low pressure via a low-pressure inlet (LP in).
  • PX 310 may be configured to exchange pressure between the high-pressure fluid and the low-pressure fluid.
  • PX 310 may be configured to provide the first fluid at a low pressure via a low-pressure outlet (LP out) and the second fluid at a high pressure via a high-pressure outlet (HP out).
  • PX 310 is coupled to a motor (e.g., rotation of a rotor of PX 310 is controlled by the motor).
  • the motor controls the rotational speed of the PX 310.
  • Mass flow e.g., of the first fluid and/or of the second fluid
  • through the PX 310 may be related to the rotational speed of the PX 310.
  • the pressure of the fluid (e.g., the first fluid) in one or more other components may be related to the rotational speed of the PX 310.
  • a controller receives sensor data from one or more sensors of motor thermal energy storage system 300 A.
  • PX 310 is to receive the first fluid at a high pressure (e.g., HP fluid in 130 of FIGS. 1A-B) via a high pressure inlet.
  • PX 310 is to receive the second fluid at a low pressure (e.g., LP fluid in 120 of FIGS. 1A-B) via a low pressure inlet.
  • a high pressure and “low pressure” may be relative to one another and may not connote certain pressure values (e.g., the pressure of the HP fluid in 130 is higher than the pressure of LP fluid in 120).
  • PX 310 may exchange pressure between the first fluid and the second fluid.
  • PX 310 may provide the first fluid via a low pressure outlet (e.g., LP fluid out 140) and may provide the second fluid via a high pressure outlet (e.g., HP fluid out 150).
  • a low pressure outlet e.g., LP fluid out 140
  • a high pressure outlet e.g., HP fluid out 150
  • the first fluid provided via the low pressure outlet is at a low pressure
  • the second fluid provided via the high pressure outlet is at a high pressure.
  • fluid handling system 300A includes a high temperature heat exchanger 329 (e.g., a gas cooler, condenser), a lowtemperatureheat exchanger 318 (e.g., an evaporator), and a compressor 322.
  • fluid handling system 300A is a thermal energy storage system.
  • the high temperature heat exchanger 329 is a heat exchanger that provides the heat from the working fluid (e.g., the first fluid, refrigerant, CO 2 ) to an environment.
  • the high temperature heat exchanger 329 may be coupled to a thermal energy storage medium. Heat may be rejected from the working fluid in high temperature heat exchanger 329 to be absorbed by the thermal energy storage medium. Heat rejected by the thermal energy storage medium may be absorbed by the working fluid in high temperature heat exchanger 329.
  • high temperature heat exchanger 329 may act as a condenser that condenses fluid flowing through the high temperature heat exchanger 329 (e.g., while cooling the fluid).
  • high temperature heat exchanger 329 may cool a working fluid of thermal energy storage system 300A during a charge cycle, while first architecture 302 is in operation, or the like.
  • the phase of the working fluid may change from gas to liquid (e.g., condense) within the high temperature heat exchanger 329.
  • high temperature heat exchanger 329 is a heat exchanger that does not condense fluid flowing through the high temperature heat exchanger 329 (e.g., cools the fluid without condensing the fluid). For example, during a charge cycle, high temperature heat exchanger 329 may cool the working fluid of thermal energy storage system 300A without condensing the fluid. In some embodiments, the pressure of the fluid within the high temperature heat exchanger 329 is above the critical pressure of the fluid. In some embodiments, the high temperature heat exchanger 329 is a gas cooler and does not condense the fluid (e.g., in a gaseous state). The high temperature heat exchanger 329 may provide the heat from the fluid (e.g., gas) to a corresponding environment.
  • the fluid e.g., gas
  • high temperature heat exchanger 329 may provide heatto the working fluid of thermal energy storage system 300A (e.g., during a discharge cycle).
  • High temperature heat exchanger 329 may act as an evaporator, e.g., the working fluid may experience a phase change to gas based on the absorbed heat.
  • High temperature heat exchanger 329 may, in some embodiments, not act as an evaporator during a discharge cycle (e.g., a working fluid may not experience a phase change in high temperature heat exchanger 329 during a discharge cycle).
  • the working fluid facilitates heat transfer from an environment associated with an evaporator to an environment associated with a condenser during a charge cycle. In some embodiments, the working fluid facilitates heat transfer from an environment or thermal energy storage medium associated with the low temperature heat exchanger 318 to an environment or thermal energy storage medium associated with high temperature heat exchanger 329 during a charge cycle.
  • Compressor 322 of thermal energy storage system 300A may increase corresponding pressure of the working fluid along a flow path between the low temperature heat exchanger 318 and the high temperature heat exchanger 329. Compressor 322 may be active during a charge cycle. Compressor 322 may further be utilized during a discharge cycle, or another device (e.g., a pump 323) may be utilized during a discharge cycle.
  • Controllers may control the boosters, various valves, and/or compressors of system 300A. Controllers may receive sensor data from one or more sensors of system 300 A. The sensors may include pressure sensors, flowrate sensors, and/or temperature sensors. Controllers of thermal energy storage system 300A may perform operations to determine whether thermal energy storage system 300A is operated in a first mode (e.g., a charge mode) or a second mode (e.g., a discharge mode). Determinations of which mode to operate in may be based on a number of factors. For example, thermal energy may be stored while electricity to operate compressor 322 is abundant (e.g., above a threshold amount), and thermal energy may be expended to generate electricity via generator 325 while electricity is scarce (e.g., below a threshold amount).
  • a first mode e.g., a charge mode
  • a second mode e.g., a discharge mode
  • Determinations of which mode to operate in may be based on a number of factors. For example, thermal energy may be stored while electricity to
  • Time of day, price of power, availability of renewable energy, etc. may contribute to a determination of whether to operate thermal energy storage system 300A in a first mode or a second mode.
  • conditions of the thermal energy storage mediums e.g., temperature, percent of material in a target phase, etc.
  • requirements of a process e.g., heat requirements of an industrial process, cooling or heating requirements of a heating venting and air conditioning system, or the like
  • system 300A includes one or more valves (e.g., a reversing valve, diversion valve(s), etc.) to reverse the function of system 300A (e.g., reverse the flow of thermal energy facilitated by system 300 A).
  • one or more flows of working may be reversed and/or diverted.
  • one or more reversing or diversion valves included in system 300A in some embodiments can direct fluid from the compressor 322 toward the outdoor unit. Similar valves may direct fluid from the compressor 322 to the indoor unit.
  • Thermal energy storage system 300A may be utilized in a first mode (e.g., using components of first architecture 302) or a second mode (e.g., using components of second architecture 304).
  • Operations of a first mode may include utilizing abundant power to store thermal energy. Storing of thermal energy may include providing heat via high temperature heat exchanger 329 to a thermal energy storage medium.
  • abundant power may be utilized to operate compressor 322.
  • the temperature of the working fluid may be increased.
  • a portion of working fluid that is not provided to compressor 322 may be provided to a low-pressure inlet of PX 310, to be brought to a higher pressure via pressure exchange with another fluid stream of PX 310.
  • the temperature of the fluid compressed in PX 310 may also increase.
  • the working fluid In operation in the first mode, after rejecting heat to the thermal energy storage medium, the working fluid has lost heat energy, and may have a reduced temperature as well.
  • output of the high temperature heat exchanger 329 may be provided to a high-pressure inlet of PX 310, for exchanging pressure with a low-pressure fluid stream of PX 310.
  • the working fluid exists a low-pressure outlet of PX 310.
  • fluid output by the low-pressure outlet of PX 310 may be provided to low temperature heat exchanger 318.
  • the low pressure fluid (e.g., two phase gas-liquid mixture) may absorb heat from a thermal energy storage medium in thermal communication with the low temperature heat exchanger 318.
  • This cold two phase liquid-gas mixture may exit the LP-out port of PX 310 and enters the low temperature heat exchanger 318 and absorbs heat from the low temperature thermal storage medium in thermal communication with low temperature heat exchanger 318, e.g., water or water/ice slurry, which may take a form represented by any one or more of FIGS. 4A-D.
  • low temperature heat exchanger 318 e.g., water or water/ice slurry, which may take a form represented by any one or more of FIGS. 4A-D.
  • the refrigerant absorbs the heat from low temperature storage medium, the low temperature medium can change its phase (e.g., liquid becomes progressively more and more ice slurry with increasing ice fraction by mass). After absorbing heat, the refrigerant liquid vaporizes and may become pure vapor at the exit of low temperature heat exchanger 318.
  • This refrigerant vapor then may exit the low temperature heat exchanger and be split into two streams.
  • One stream may enter the LP-in port of the PX 310 and other stream may enter the inlet of compressor 322.
  • PX 310 compresses the portion of the low-pressure low-temperature refrigerant vapor entering LP-in port of PX 310 and converts it into high-pressure high- temperature vapor or supercritical fluid.
  • Compressor 322 compresses the remaining portion of the refrigerant vapor to high pressure, high temperature vapor or supercritical fluid.
  • the two high pressure high temperature streams (one from PX 310 and the other from compressor 322) merge and proceed to reject heat to a high temperature thermal energy storage medium via high temperature heat exchanger 329. The cycle may then repeat to continue charging thermal energy storage.
  • thermal energy storage system 300A when power (e.g., electricity) is scarce, thermal energy storage system 300A may be operated in a second mode.
  • the second mode may discharge thermal energy storage for performance of one or more target functions.
  • low pressure working fluid which may be a gas, liquid, or a supercritical fluid may be compressed or pumped to high pressure, e.g., by pump 323.
  • the working fluid may then be provided to high temperature heat exchanger 329.
  • the working fluid may absorb heat from a high temperature thermal energy storage medium in high temperature heat exchanger 329.
  • the temperature of the working fluid may increase. Enthalpy of the working fluid may increase.
  • the high pressure and temperature working fluid may be provided to turbine 324.
  • the high pressure and temperature working fluid may expand over the turbine and decrease in pressure.
  • Turbine 324 may extract mechanical work from the working fluid through this process. The work extracted may cause a rotor of the turbine to spin, and a target function may be performed, such as using the motion of the rotor to drive generator 325 to generate electricity.
  • more electricity may be generated by generator 325 than is consumed by pump 323, leading to a net increase in stored electricity or produced electricity during operation in the second mode (e.g., during a discharge cycle).
  • working fluid that exits the turbine may be of a higher temperature than a cold/low temperature thermal energy storage medium in connection with low temperature heat exchanger 318.
  • Working fluid may reject heat to the thermal energy storage medium as the working fluid passes through low temperature heat exchanger 318.
  • working fluid may condense to a liquid state. Determining whether to operate at a temperature that working fluid condenses may be in view of target performance of the thermal energy storage system 300A, e.g., target efficiency, target level of cycle optimization, or the like.
  • the size (e.g., thermodynamic energy capacity) of one or more thermal energy storage mediums may be determined based on a target electricity generation goal, target electricity generation time span, or the like.
  • the high temperature heat exchanger 329 may represent more than one physical heat exchanger, where a different heat exchanger is used during discharge cycle than that used during charge cycle.
  • the low temperature heat exchanger 318 may represent more than one physical heat exchanger.
  • This configuration allows using two different working fluids (e.g., refrigerants) during a charge cycle and a discharge cycle.
  • both charge and discharge cycle may use CO 2 as the working fluid while in other embodiments, charge cycle may use CO 2 as the working fluid and a discharge cycle may use air or organic Rankine fluids (e.g. Butane, Pentane, Hexane, silicon oils etc.) as working fluids.
  • Thermal energy storage system 300B may include capability to operate in a first operational mode 301 and a second operational mode 303 (e.g., a charge mode and a discharge mode).
  • the first operational mode 301 may correspond in one or more functions to first architecture 302 of FIG. 3A.
  • the second operational mode 303 may share one or more features with second architecture 304 of FIG. 3A.
  • Thermal energy storage system 300B includes a controller 326, a three-way valve 328, and a flow control valve 330.
  • Controller 326 may receive input.
  • the input may include sensor data, user input, time data, or the like.
  • controller 326 may be coupled to a device that accepts user input for determining whether to operate thermal energy storage system 300B in a first mode or a second mode.
  • Controller 326 may receive sensor data (e.g., associated with conditions of one or more thermal energy storage mediums, associated with energy availability/scarcity, etc.) and determine, based on the input data, whether to operate thermal energy storage system 300B in a first mode or a second mode.
  • controller 326 may provide one or more components with a control signal. For example, three-way valve 328 and/or flow control valve 330 may be operatively coupled to controller 326, to actuate based on control signals received from controller 326.
  • controller 326 may cause three-way valve 328 to actuate to enable flow from high temperature heat exchanger 329 to PX 310, and disable flow from high temperature heat exchanger 329 to turbine 324 (e.g., during a charge cycle, as shown by the dashed fluid flow path).
  • energy may be input into thermal energy storage system 300B (e.g., via compressor 322) rather than extracted via turbine 324.
  • controller 326 may further provide a control signal to flow control valve 330.
  • Thermal energy storage system 300C further includes a secondary loop of components in thermal communication with the primary working fluid loop via low temperature heat exchanger 318.
  • Thermal energy storage system 300C may be configured to remove heat from storage medium 342 (e.g., in a first operating mode, in a time of energy abundance, in a charge cycle, etc.) and deposit the heat at high temperature heat exchanger 329 (e.g., a gas cooler or condenser in an outdoor environment for rejecting heat from storage medium 342).
  • the secondary loop may include a second energy transfer fluid, which may be the same or different from the fluid utilized in the loop including PX 310.
  • the secondary working fluid may be CO 2 , glycol, a water/glycol mixture, or another fluid for transfer of heat energy between low temperature heat exchanger 318 and storage medium 342.
  • Storage medium 342 may provide a manner for exchanging heat between the secondary working fluid of the secondary loop and the storage medium 342.
  • a reservoir containing storage medium 342 may include one or more channels through the reservoir through which the secondary working fluid flows, for exchanging thermal energy with the storage medium 342.
  • the storage medium may be a phasechange material.
  • the storage medium may be water, ice, and ice/water mixture or slurry, or another type of thermal energy storage medium.
  • three way valve 346 may be operated to provide flow of secondary working fluid to cooling coil 344.
  • three way valve 346 may be replaced with a flow control valve, e.g., to provide control of a flow rate of fluid through cooling coil 344.
  • temperature modulating valve 348 may be operated. Temperature modulating valve 348 may be operated to provide a target mixing of secondary working fluid that has and has not been passed through storage medium 342. Temperature modulating valve 348 may be operated to provide secondary working fluid to cooling coil 344 at a target temperature, e.g., for improving operation of an air conditioning or cooling function of thermal energy storage system 300C.
  • Controller 380 may provide control signals to one or more components of thermal energy storage system 300C. Controller 380 may provide control signals to components of thermal energy storage system 300C to determine a mode of operation of the system.
  • the primary loop including the PX 310 may only be operated in a first mode, in a charge cycle, or the like.
  • pump 340 may circulate the secondary working fluid in both a charge mode and a discharge mode.
  • colling coil 344 and/or fan 350 may only operate in a discharge mode.
  • FIG. 4 A depicts an example thermal energy storage medium management system 400A, according to some embodiments.
  • the thermal energy storage medium management system 400A may include multiple reservoirs, e.g., high temperature storage 402 and low temperature storage 404.
  • Thermal energy storage system400A may be configured to bring a thermal energy storage medium into thermal contact with heat exchanger 406, e.g., for exchanging energy with a working fluid of a thermal energy storage system including a PX, such as those depicted in FIGS. 3A-C.
  • Thermal energy storage system 400A may be in thermal communication with a high temperature heat exchanger 329, a low temperature heat exchanger 318, etc.
  • Thermal energy storage management system 400A may include one or more pumps (e.g., pump 408) for transferring a thermal energy storage medium between reservoirs.
  • pumps e.g., pump 408
  • multiple pumps may be utilized, multiple flow paths may be utilized, etc., for facilitating transfer between reservoirs in multiple directions.
  • more than two reservoirs may be included, e.g., any number of high temperature storage reservoirs and low temperature storage reservoirs may be included.
  • Pumps, valves, etc., which determine flow path of thermal energy storage material between reservoirs may be controlled based on control signals provided by one or more controllers (e.g., controller 380 of FIG. 3C)
  • pump 408 may cause the storage medium to be transferred from the low temperature storage 404 to the high temperature storage 402.
  • Use of “high” and “low” temperature in the context of thermal energy storage systems is relative, e.g., the entire storage system may be maintained above or below some temperature such as ambient conditions, target temperature of a system, or the like, with the low temperature storage 404 being at a lower temperature than the high temperature storage 402.
  • thermal energy storage mediums may be utilized in connection with systems such as thermal energy storage management system 400A.
  • the thermal energy storage medium may include molten salt (e.g., a mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate). Molten salt may be maintained in low temperature storage 404 at least the melting temperature of the salt (e.g., around220 °C).
  • the thermal energy storage medium may be or include sand.
  • Pump 408 may be replaced, augmented, or the like with a pneumatic sand transfer system.
  • Heat exchanger 406 may be configured to support fluidized sand transport, heat exchange between fluidized sand and the working fluid, etc.
  • FIG. 4B depicts a thermal energy storage medium reservoir 400B, according to some embodiments.
  • a heat exchanger 410 e.g., high temperature heat exchanger 329, low temperature heat exchanger 318, may be embedded in a thermal energy storage medium 412.
  • the thermal energy storage medium 412 may include one or more materials for storing heat, for generating a heat sink, or the like.
  • the heat exchanger may be a pillow plate embedded in a tank including a thermal energy storage medium 412, e.g., water.
  • the working fluid may be fluidly coupled to a system such as systems depicted in FIGS. 3A-C, e.g., a thermal energy transfer system including a PX.
  • Thermal energy gradient storage system 400C may be configured to bring a thermal energy storage medium into thermal communication with heat exchanger 416, which may also be in thermal communication with a working fluid of a thermal energy transfer system including a PX, such as those depicted in FIGS. 3A-C [00117]
  • cold thermal storage medium may be provided to heat exchanger 416 to absorb heat from a working fluid also provided to heat exchanger 416.
  • hot storage medium may be provided to heat exchanger 416 to provide heat to a working fluid in heat exchanger 416.
  • hot thermal storage may be brought into thermal communication with a working fluid in heat exchanger 416 to increase temperature of the working fluid.
  • a pump 418 may provide transport of a thermal energy storage medium from the bottom of temperature gradient storage 414 to the top of temperature gradient storage 414.
  • Temperature gradient storage 414 may be gravity-fed, e.g., position of the thermal storage medium in the reservoir may be adjusted by gravity.
  • Pump 418 may be replaced or augmented with a conveyor belt, or other mechanical device to transferring the thermal energy storage medium to the top of the reservoir. Pump 418 may be included in a fluid transfer system, fluidized sand transfer system, etc.
  • the hot thermal energy storage medium may interact with a working fluid in heat exchanger 416, transferring heat to the working fluid (e.g., during a discharge cycle).
  • the cold thermal energy storage medium may then be replaced at the top of the temperature gradient storage 414. This process may continue until temperature gradient storage 414 is filled or substantially filled with cold thermal energy storage medium.
  • FIG. 4D depicts a thermal energy storage medium system 400D including a secondary energy transfer fluid, according to some embodiments.
  • Thermal energy storage medium reservoir 420 may include a storage medium that a secondary heat transfer fluid is passed through, e.g., by pump 424.
  • Thermal energy storage medium system 400D may be configured to bring the secondary heat transfer fluid into thermal communication with heat exchanger 422.
  • Heat exchanger 422 may further be in thermal communication with a working fluid of a system for transferring and/or storing thermal energy including a PX, e.g., one of the systems depicted in FIGS. 3A-C.
  • Thermal energy storage medium reservoir 420 may include a solid phase thermal energy storage medium.
  • thermal energy storage medium reservoir may include natural stone (e.g., high heat capacity rock, lava rock, extrusive igneous rock, volcanic cinders, etc.), artificial stone (e.g., bricks, concrete), sand, or the like.
  • natural stone e.g., high heat capacity rock, lava rock, extrusive igneous rock, volcanic cinders, etc.
  • artificial stone e.g., bricks, concrete
  • sand e.g., bricks, concrete
  • the secondary fluid may be cycled through the thermal energy storage medium reservoir 420, brought into thermal contact with high temperature working fluid in heat exchanger 422, and returned to thermal energy storage medium reservoir 420 to transfer heat to the thermal energy storage medium, increasing the temperature of the storage medium.
  • the hot secondary fluid may be provided from the thermal energy storage medium reservoir 420 to heat exchanger 422 to provide thermal energy to a working fluid, and the cooled secondary fluid may then be provided via pump 424 to the thermal energy storage medium reservoir 420, decreasing a temperature of thermal energy storage medium reservoir 420.
  • the secondary heat transfer fluid may be any fluid that can exchange heat with the thermal energy storage medium.
  • the secondary heat transfer fluid may be selected to optimize cost, heat exchange with the thermal energy storage medium in the target temperature range, or the like.
  • the secondary heat transfer fluid may be liquid, gas, supercritical fluid, mixtures, etc.
  • the secondary heat transfer fluid may be air or water in some embodiments.
  • FIGS. 5-6 are flow diagrams of methods 500 and 600 associated with controlling thermal energy storage systems, according to some embodiments.
  • Methods 500 and 600 may be performed by processing logic that may include hardware (e.g., circuitry, dedicated logic, programmable logic, microcode, processing device, etc.), software (such as instructions run on a processing device, a general purpose computer system, or a dedicated machine), firmware, microcode, or a combination thereof.
  • methods 500 and 600 may be performed, at least in part, by a controller, such as controller 326, controller 380, or one or more other controllers.
  • a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium stores instructions that when executed by a processing device cause the processing device to perform one or more of methods 500 and/or 600.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of a method 500 for causing a thermal energy storage system to operate in a target mode, according to some embodiments.
  • the target mode may be a charge mode, a charge cycle, a heat pump mode, an energy storage mode, a heat sink generation mode, or the like.
  • the target mode may be a discharge mode, a discharge cycle, a heat engine mode, an energy expending mode, an environment cooling mode, or the like.
  • Operating in a target mode may include performing operations to configure a system operating in a different mode to change to operating in the target mode.
  • processing logic generates a control signal.
  • the control signal may be based on the input, the target mode, operations in the target mode, etc.
  • processing logic causes a valve of the thermal energy storage system to actuate.
  • the valve may be an on-off valve.
  • the valve may be a control valve.
  • the valve may be a valve that controls split of a fluid flow between multiple flow paths.
  • Causing the valve to actuate includes providing the control signal to the valve.
  • Causing the valve to actuate includes configuring the thermal energy storage system for operation in the target mode.
  • Causing the valve to actuate may include configuring the thermal energy storage system to no longer operate in a second mode.
  • a system such as the system depicted in FIG. 3C may be operated in a first mode or a second mode, a charge mode or a discharge mode, or the like.
  • one or more valves may be actuated (e.g., temperature modulating valve 348, three-way valve 346, etc.).
  • fluid flow may be directed away from cooling coil 344 by providing a control signal to three-way valve 346.
  • fluid flow may be directed through storage medium 342 by actuation of temperature modulating valve 348.
  • data storage device 718 e.g., disk drive storage, fixed and/or removable storage devices, fixed disk drive, removable memory card, optical storage, network attached storage (NAS), and/or storage area-network (SAN)
  • data storage device 718 includes a non- transitory computer-readable storage medium 724 on which stores instructions 726 encoding any one or more of the methods or functions described herein, and for implementing methods described herein. Methods of functions described in connection with FIGS. 5-6, for example, may be stored as instructions 726.
  • one layer disposed on, over, or under another layer may be directly in contact with the other layer or may have one or more intervening layers.
  • one layer disposed between two layers may be directly in contact with the two layers or may have one or more intervening layers.
  • one feature disposed between two features may be in direct contact with the adjacent features or may have one or more intervening layers.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système comprenant un échangeur de pression (PX) conçu pour recevoir un premier fluide à une première pression et un second fluide à une seconde pression et échanger une pression entre le premier fluide et le second fluide. Le système comprend également un premier échangeur de chaleur et un second échangeur de chaleur. Le système comprend en outre un compresseur. De plus, le système comprend un dispositif de génération d'énergie électrique. Le système comprend d'ailleurs une première soupape. Le système comprend en outre un dispositif de traitement couplé de manière fonctionnelle à la première soupape. Le dispositif de traitement est conçu pour fournir un signal de commande à la première soupape pour amener le système à fonctionner dans un premier mode ou dans un second mode.
EP23797990.1A 2022-10-05 2023-10-04 Systèmes de stockage d'énergie thermique comprenant des échangeurs de pression Pending EP4599206A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202263413514P 2022-10-05 2022-10-05
PCT/US2023/034471 WO2024076637A1 (fr) 2022-10-05 2023-10-04 Systèmes de stockage d'énergie thermique comprenant des échangeurs de pression

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4599206A1 true EP4599206A1 (fr) 2025-08-13

Family

ID=88585041

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23797990.1A Pending EP4599206A1 (fr) 2022-10-05 2023-10-04 Systèmes de stockage d'énergie thermique comprenant des échangeurs de pression

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20260110498A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4599206A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2025533850A (fr)
CN (1) CN119998613A (fr)
WO (1) WO2024076637A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007278624A (ja) * 2006-04-07 2007-10-25 Denso Corp ヒートポンプサイクル
US11397030B2 (en) * 2020-07-10 2022-07-26 Energy Recovery, Inc. Low energy consumption refrigeration system with a rotary pressure exchanger replacing the bulk flow compressor and the high pressure expansion valve
US11421918B2 (en) * 2020-07-10 2022-08-23 Energy Recovery, Inc. Refrigeration system with high speed rotary pressure exchanger
CN112049702B (zh) * 2020-07-15 2022-04-22 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 一种基于燃气内燃机余热利用带蓄能装置的冷热电三联供系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20260110498A1 (en) 2026-04-23
JP2025533850A (ja) 2025-10-09
CN119998613A (zh) 2025-05-13
WO2024076637A1 (fr) 2024-04-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US12590738B2 (en) Heat pump systems with pressure exchangers
US12209778B2 (en) Refrigeration and heat pump systems with pressure exchangers
US20260110498A1 (en) Thermal energy storage systems including pressure exchangers
US20240393017A1 (en) Refrigeration and heat pump systems with pressure exchangers
JP2026500195A (ja) 圧力交換器を有する冷凍システム及びヒートポンプシステム
US20260129809A1 (en) Datacenter cooling systems that include pressure exchangers
EP4599202A1 (fr) Systèmes de refroidissement de centre de données qui comprennent des échangeurs de pression

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20250505

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC ME MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

DAV Request for validation of the european patent (deleted)
DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)