Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
  • F24H4/02—Water heaters
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
  • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
  • F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
  • F24H1/14—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form
  • F24H1/16—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form helically or spirally coiled
  • F24H1/165—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form helically or spirally coiled using fluid fuel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D12/00—Other central heating systems
  • F24D12/02—Other central heating systems having more than one heat source
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
  • F24D2200/04—Gas or oil fired boiler
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
  • F24D2200/12—Heat pump
  • F24D2200/123—Compression type heat pumps
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H8/00—Fluid heaters characterised by means for extracting latent heat from flue gases by means of condensation

Definitions

• EP4056920 discloses a thermal plant comprising a boiler, a heat pump plant, a technical water plant, an evaporator, a first fan at an inlet of the boiler, and a second fan downstream of the evaporator.
• FR2547027 discloses a thermal plant comprising a boiler, an evaporator, a fume evacuation duct from the boiler comprising an outlet near the evaporator, a first fan at an outlet of a frame of the plant, and a second fan in the duct.
• a hybrid thermal plant according to the invention is disclosed, generally indicated by reference number 100.
• the combustion cell (1) comprises a burner (12), optionally arranged in the chamber (11) of the combustion cell and designed to ignite a combustion of gas and external air, generating high-temperature fumes.
• the combustion cell (1) comprises:
• the combustion cell (1) comprises a mixing device arranged upstream of the burner (12) and designed to pre-mix external air and gas before said external air and gas enter the burner (12).
• the mixing device is absent, the external air and gas enter directly the burner (12).
• the combustion cell (1) comprises a condensing water/fumes exchanger (15) arranged in the chamber (11) of the combustion cell so that the water/fumes exchanger (15) is externally surrounded by the fumes generated by the burner (12).
• the water/fumes exchanger (15) is connected to the technical water circuit (5), so that the water/fumes exchanger (15) is traversed by water from the technical water circuit (5).
• the water/fumes exchanger (15) comprises an inlet (15a) connected to the first section (50) of the technical water circuit and an outlet (15b) connected to the second section (51) of the technical water circuit.
• the water circulating in the water/fumes exchanger (15) is heated by the high-temperature fumes surrounding the water/fumes exchanger.
• the water/fumes exchanger (15) can be any type of heat exchanger, for example, coil, plate, or tube bundle.
• the water/fumes exchanger (15) is arranged in the chamber (11) of the combustion cell near the burner (12).
• the heat exchanger (2) comprises a frame (20) that defines a chamber (21).
• the fumes produced in the combustion cell surround the water-fumes exchanger (15) in the chamber (11) of the combustion cell, heating the water circulating through the water-fumes exchanger (15), then pass into the chamber (21) of the heat exchanger, mix with external air, generating an air-fumes flow that surrounds the evaporator (22), heating the refrigerant gas circulating in the evaporator (22), and exits the chamber (21) of the heat exchanger through the outlet (24).
• the outlet (24) of the heat exchanger is formed at the bottom of a side wall of the frame (20) of the heat exchanger.
• an ascending flow of fumes is created in the chamber (11) of the combustion cell and a descending flow of fumes and air is created in the chamber (21) of the heat exchanger.
• the frame (9) of the plant comprises an opening (92) advantageously formed in a top wall of the frame (9) of the plant and designed to separately allows both the entry of external air into the frame (9) and the exit of the air-fumes flow from the plant (100).
• the plant (100) comprises a single outlet channel (91) connected to the outlet (24) of the heat exchanger and passing through the opening (92) of the frame of the plant, for the discharge of the air-fumes flow from the plant (100).
• the outlet channel (91) has a smaller size than the opening (92) of the frame of the plant, so that there is a gap between the edges of the opening (92) and the outlet channel (91) for the entry of air into the frame (9) of the plant from the outside.
• the opening (92) is unique.
• the plant (100) comprises:
• the fumes produced by the combustion in the combustion cell (1) are not free to circulate within the frame (9) of the plant and are forced to flow within the first sealing level of the plant (100) until they exit the plant (100).
• the air-fumes flow has a higher, more stable, and less variable temperature compared to the temperature of external air alone. This increases the efficiency of the evaporator.
• the increased efficiency of the evaporator means that smaller exchange surfaces can be used compared to known evaporators. Therefore, it is possible to make more compact evaporators with smaller sizes with respect to the known evaporator.
• the plant (100) comprises:
• the air distributor (7) is separated from the first communication channel (90) of the plant.
• the air distributor (7) comprises:
• the heat exchanger requires a greater quantity of air than the combustion cell. Thanks to the fact that the first duct of the air distributor has a smaller cross-section than the second duct of the air distributor, the air distributor allows a smaller quantity of air to flow to the combustion cell compared to the amount of air that is directed to the heat exchanger. In other words, the ducts and outlets of the air distributor are sized based on the air flow required for the operation of the combustion cell and the heat exchanger.
• the fan (6) is adjustable, meaning that it is possible to modify the fan speed, thereby adjusting the flow of incoming external air to the air distributor (7).
• This air distributor (7) comprises:
• FIG. 6 a first variant of the air distributor (7) is shown, in which this air distributor (7) is of the constant throttling mechanical type, differing from the air distributor in Figs. 4 and 5 in that the first duct (71a) of the air distributor branches off from the second duct (72a) of the air distributor.
• the first duct (71a) of the air distributor and the second duct (72a) of the air distributor have axes that are perpendicular to each other, and the axis of the second duct (72a) of the air distributor is coaxial with the inlet (70) of the air distributor.
• a second variant of the air distributor (7) is shown, in which said air distributor (7) is of the variable geometry mechanical type, differing from the air distributor in Figs. 4 and 5 in that it comprises a mechanical regulation valve (75), for example of the flap type, arranged on the first outlet (71) of the air distributor.
• the regulation valve (75) comprises a movable element. Based on a pressure exerted on said movable element by the airflow generated by the fan (6), the regulation valve (75) modifies the quantity of air flowing out of the first outlet (71a).
• the regulation valve on the first outlet (71) of the air distributor allows:
• the air distributor (7) may comprise an electrically/electronically controlled regulation valve in the second duct of the air distributor.
• the regulation valve (76) with electronic control allows direct control of the airflow distribution towards the first and second outlets of the air distributor, and consequently direct control of all the airflows within the plant (100).
• the compressor (3) comprises an inlet (30) connected by a pipe to the outlet (22b) of the evaporator of the heat exchanger, and an outlet (31).
• the gas/water exchanger (4) comprises a first inlet (40) connected by a pipe to the outlet (31) of the compressor and a first outlet (41) connected by a pipe to the inlet (22a) of the evaporator of the heat exchanger.
• the gas/water exchanger (4) also comprises a second inlet (42) connected to the first section (50) of the technical water circuit and a second outlet (43) connected to the technical water circuit (5).
• the technical water circuit (5) comprises a pump (52) arranged in the first section (50) to enable the circulation of the technical water.
• the refrigerant gas heated in the evaporator (22), and then by the compressor (3), is condensed in the gas/water exchanger (4), releasing heat and consequently heating the technical water in the technical water circuit (5) circulating in the gas/water exchanger (4).
• the refrigerant gas helps preheat the technical water in the technical water circuit before it reaches the combustion cell (1). Therefore, the combustion cell (1) will need to supply less energy to heat the technical water, reducing gas consumption and CO2 emissions.
• a three-way valve (44) is arranged in the first section (50) of the technical water circuit, downstream of the gas/water exchanger (4) and upstream of the water/fumes exchanger (15) of the combustion cell.
• the three-way valve (44) is connected at the inlet to the second outlet (43) of the gas/water exchanger and at the outlet to the inlet (15a) of the water/fumes exchanger and to the second section (51) of the technical water circuit.
• the presence of the three-way valve (44) and the electrically/electronically controlled air distributor (7) is particularly advantageous because it is possible to close the first duct (71a) of the air distributor, preventing air from passing to the combustion cell (1), when the three-way valve (44) prevents the flow of water to the combustion cell (1).
• the plant (100) comprises a control unit and sensors connected to the control unit, so that the control unit manages and regulates the activation and deactivation of the fan (6), the air distributor (7), the combustion chamber (1), the compressor (3), the three-way valve (44), and the pump (52).
• the control unit manages and regulates the thermal exchange and air flow within the frame (9).
• a variant of the plant (100) is shown, which optionally also comprises:
• the technical water/sanitary water heat exchanger (59) and the additional three-way valve (58) allow for the heating of sanitary water.
• the additional three-way valve (58) is designed to divert the flow of technical water, heated through the combustion cell (1), directly to the supply section of the technical water plant or to the technical water/sanitary water exchanger (59) to heat the sanitary water of the sanitary water circuit.
• the frame (9) of the plant may comprise two openings that are not in communication with each other, comprising a first opening for the exit of the air-fumes flow from the plant and a second opening designed to allow the entry of external air in the frame of the plant.
• the frame (9) of the plant comprises at most two openings to separately allow the entry of external air into the frame of the plant and the exit of fumes from the plant.
• the air-fumes flow exiting is isolated from the incoming external air flow into the frame (9) of the plant.
• the burner is located outside the chamber of the combustion cell housing the water/fumes exchanger.
• the burner is in communication with the chamber of the combustion cell to allow the passage of fumes from the burner to the chamber of the combustion cell.
• the chamber of the combustion cell housing the water/fumes exchanger and the chamber of the heat exchanger housing the evaporator are formed within a single two-stage component.
• the burner is also arranged within this component, in the chamber of the combustion cell.
• the burner is positioned outside this component, in communication with the chamber of the combustion cell.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
• Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=90731681

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Citations (4)

• 2024
  • 2024-02-16 IT IT102024000003388A patent/IT202400003388A1/it unknown
• 2025
  • 2025-02-12 EP EP25157324.2A patent/EP4603760B1/fr active Active

Patent Citations (4)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events