Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
  • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
  • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
  • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
  • B60H1/3228—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
  • B60H1/32281—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations comprising a single secondary circuit, e.g. at evaporator or condenser side
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
  • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
  • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
  • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
  • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
  • B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
  • B60H1/00921—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant does not change and there is an extra subcondenser, e.g. in an air duct

Definitions

• TITLE THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR HYBRID OR ELECTRIC VEHICLE
• the invention relates to the field of motor vehicles and more particularly to a thermal management circuit for a hybrid or electric motor vehicle.
• the thermal management of the passenger compartment is generally managed by an invertible air conditioning circuit.
• invertible we mean that this air conditioning circuit can operate in a cooling mode in order to cool the air intended for the passenger compartment and in a heat pump mode in order to heat the air intended for the passenger compartment.
• This reversible air conditioning circuit may also include a bypass in order to manage the temperature of the batteries of the electric or hybrid vehicle. It is thus possible to cool or even heat the batteries using the reversible air conditioning loop.
• heat pump mode calories are taken from the outside air to be transmitted to an internal air flow which is blown into the passenger compartment to heat it.
• a refrigerant fluid circuit successively comprising a compressor, an internal condenser, an expander and an evaporator.
• the evaporator is used, for example, to cool the air in the cabin.
• the circuit can also typically include a branch branch to an evapo-condenser on the front of the vehicle, which is used as a condenser in air conditioning mode and as an evaporator in heat pump mode.
• One of the aims of the present invention is therefore to improve the performance in air conditioning mode of such a system, while maintaining good performance in heat pump mode.
• thermal management system for a hybrid or electric vehicle
• the thermal management system comprising an invertible air conditioning circuit in which a refrigerant fluid circulates, the invertible air conditioning circuit successively comprising, in a main loop refrigerant fluid, a compressor, a first heat exchanger arranged to exchange calories with a first heat transfer fluid, for example directly or indirectly, the first heat transfer fluid being for example a flow of internal air blown into the passenger compartment of the vehicle, a second heat exchanger arranged to exchange calories with a second heat transfer fluid, for example directly or indirectly, the second heat transfer fluid being for example an external air flow on the front of the vehicle, a first storage device of refrigerant fluid, in particular to ensure a gas/liquid separation function, a first expansion member of the refrigerant fluid and a two-fluid heat exchanger arranged jointly on a circuit of a third heat transfer fluid, the third heat transfer fluid being for example a liquid heat transfer fluid, the refrigerant fluid circuit further comprising a
• This system makes it possible, thanks to the subcooling authorized by the first refrigerant fluid storage device, to reduce the enthalpy of the fluid at the entrance to the evaporator and thus the performance of the system in air conditioning mode.
• This aspect of the invention is also an original and inexpensive way of producing the heat pump mode, using the bifluid heat exchanger (“chiller”) which is also used to cool the batteries in battery cooling mode, as a refrigerant fluid evaporator, said third heat transfer fluid circulating in the two-fluid heat exchanger being cooled passively by the external heat exchanger (said fourth heat exchanger).
• the above system comprises one or more of the characteristics below taken in isolation or in all technically possible combinations:
• the first refrigerant storage device is integrated into the second heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger comprising a sub-cooling pass downstream of the first refrigerant storage device.
• the refrigerant fluid circuit comprises a first three-way valve connecting the second refrigerant fluid storage device, the second heat exchanger and the first branch branch to the first junction point.
• the bifluid heat exchanger is connected to the compressor without the presence of another heat exchanger between the bifluid heat exchanger and the compressor.
• the refrigerant fluid circuit further comprises a second refrigerant fluid diversion branch between a second diversion point and a second junction point, the second diversion point being located on the main loop between the second heat exchanger and the first expansion member, for example between the first junction point and the first expansion member, and the second junction point being located on the main loop between the bifluid heat exchanger and the compressor.
• the second branch of diversion comprises, in the direction of circulation of the refrigerant fluid, a second expansion member and a fifth heat exchanger arranged to exchange calories, directly or indirectly, with a fifth heat transfer fluid, in particular so as to that said fifth heat exchanger can operate as a refrigerant evaporator when the system is in air conditioning mode and in dehumidification mode, the fifth heat transfer fluid being for example a flow of internal air blown into the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
• the refrigerant fluid circuit further comprises a third refrigerant fluid diversion branch between a third diversion point and a third junction point, the third diversion point being located on the main loop between the first refrigerant storage device and the first junction point of the first branch branch, and the third junction point being located on the second branch branch between the fifth heat exchanger and the second junction point of the second branch branch.
• - the third branch of diversion includes a stop valve.
• the second branch branch comprises a first non-return valve located between the third junction point of the third branch branch and the second junction point of the second branch branch.
• the main loop comprises a second non-return valve located between the first refrigerant storage device and the first junction point of the first branch branch.
• the second non-return valve is located between the third branch point of the third branch branch and the first junction point of the first branch branch.
• the system comprises an interior air ventilation device in which said first heat exchanger is arranged.
• the third heat transfer fluid circuit comprises a first heat transfer fluid circulation branch, the first heat transfer fluid branch comprising a first pump and the two-fluid heat exchanger, the third heat transfer fluid circuit also comprising a so-called "external" branch circulation of the third heat transfer fluid, said external branch comprising said fourth heat exchanger, an upstream end of said external branch being connected to a downstream end of said first branch and a downstream end of said external branch being connected to an upstream end of said first branch, in particular so as to together form a circulation loop of the third heat transfer fluid.
• said first branch also comprises an electric heating device, preferably upstream of the two-fluid heat exchanger, preferably directly upstream.
• the third heat transfer fluid circuit comprises a second branch for circulation of the third heat transfer fluid, an upstream end of the second circulation branch being connected to a downstream end of said first branch, by example downstream of the two-fluid heat exchanger, and a downstream end of said second branch being connected to an upstream end of said first branch, in particular so as to form together a circulation loop of the third heat transfer fluid, said second branch not comprising preferably no device capable of significantly modifying the quantity of heat accumulated by the third heat transfer fluid.
• the third heat transfer fluid circuit comprises a third branch of circulation of the third heat transfer fluid, said third branch comprising a second pump and a sixth heat exchanger, for example of the "electric machines” type for exchanging heat with “machines” electrical >> of the vehicle.
• the third heat transfer fluid circuit comprises a fourth branch of circulation of the third heat transfer fluid, said fourth branch comprising a seventh heat exchanger, for example of the "batteries" type for exchanging heat with "batteries" of the vehicle, an upstream end of said fourth branch being connected to a downstream end of said first branch and a downstream end of said fourth branch being connected to an upstream end of said first branch by a fifth branch of circulation of the third heat transfer fluid, in particular so as to together form a heat transfer fluid circulation loop, for example so as to allow the electric heating device to heat the third heat transfer fluid circulating in the seventh heat exchanger, or for example so as to allow, the bifluid heat exchanger being active, to cool the third heat transfer fluid circulating in the seventh heat exchanger.
• a seventh heat exchanger for example of the "batteries" type for exchanging heat with "batteries" of the vehicle
• an upstream end of the fourth branch is connected to a downstream end of said third branch, and a downstream end of said fourth branch is connected to an upstream end of said third branch, in particular so to form together a circulation loop of the third heat transfer fluid, for example so as to allow the third heat transfer fluid circulating in the seventh heat exchanger to be heated by recovering heat in the sixth heat exchanger.
• the third heat transfer fluid circuit comprises a sixth branch for circulation of the third heat transfer fluid, an upstream end of said sixth branch being connected to a downstream end of said third branch and a downstream end of said sixth branch being connected to an upstream end of said external branch, in particular so that said third branch, said sixth branch and said external branch together form a circulation loop of the third heat transfer fluid, in particular so as to allow "passive" cooling of the third heat transfer fluid circulating in said sixth heat exchanger.
• the third heat transfer fluid circuit includes an expansion tank, for example located on said external branch.
• the third heat transfer fluid circuit comprises a second three-way valve connecting a downstream end of said first branch, an upstream end of said second branch and an upstream end of said external branch, configured to allow the circulation of the third heat transfer fluid between said first branch and said second branch or between said first branch and said external branch, the first branch being for example connected via a seventh branch.
• the third heat transfer fluid circuit comprises a third non-return valve on an eighth branch connecting an upstream end of said first branch and a downstream end of said fourth branch, downstream of a fourth diversion point towards said seventh branch and in upstream of a fourth point of junction of said third branch to said fourth branch.
• the third heat transfer fluid circuit comprises a third three-way valve connecting a downstream end of said fourth branch, an upstream end of said fifth branch and an upstream end of said third branch, configured to allow the circulation of the third heat transfer fluid between said fourth branch and said fifth branch or between said fourth branch and said third branch.
• the third heat transfer fluid circuit comprises a fourth three-way valve connecting a downstream end of said third branch, an upstream end of said fourth branch and an upstream end of said sixth branch to allow the circulation of the third heat transfer fluid between said third branch and said fourth branch or between said third branch and said sixth branch.
• said main loop comprises a third expansion member located between said first branch point of said first branch branch and said second heat exchanger, in particular so that said second heat exchanger can operate as a refrigerant evaporator when the system is in heat pump mode for example jointly or not with the bifluid heat exchanger operating for example also as a refrigerant evaporator when the system is in heat pump mode.
• said third expansion member is integrated into a first three-way valve connecting the second refrigerant storage device, the second heat exchanger and the first branch branch at the first junction point.
• Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of operating a system produced according to any one of the preceding claims, in which, in a first heat pump mode, said first heat exchanger operates as a condenser or fluid cooler refrigerant, the two-fluid heat exchanger operating as a refrigerant evaporator.
• the above process comprises one or more of the characteristics below taken in isolation or in all technically possible combinations:
• said first heat exchanger and said second heat exchanger operate as a condenser or refrigerant cooler, the dual-fluid heat exchanger operating as a refrigerant evaporator.
• said first heat exchanger and said second heat exchanger operate as a condenser or refrigerant cooler, the fifth heat exchanger operates as a refrigerant evaporator.
• said first heat exchanger and said second heat exchanger operate as a condenser or refrigerant cooler, the dual-fluid heat exchanger operating as a refrigerant evaporator.
• said first heat exchanger in a mode of air conditioning and joint cooling of the vehicle batteries, said first heat exchanger (and said second heat exchanger operate as a condenser or refrigerant cooler, the dual-fluid heat exchanger and said fifth heat exchanger operating as an evaporator of refrigerant.
• said first heat exchanger operates as a condenser or refrigerant cooler, and said fifth heat exchanger operates as a refrigerant evaporator.
• said first heat exchanger operates as a condenser or refrigerant cooler
• said second heat exchanger operates as a refrigerant evaporator
• said first heat exchanger operates as a condenser or cooler of refrigerant fluid
• said second heat exchanger and the bifluid heat exchanger operating as an evaporator of refrigerant fluid
• said third heat transfer fluid circulating in said bifluid heat exchanger being for example heated in said fourth heat exchanger.
• Figure 1 is a schematic view which represents an example of an air conditioning circuit which equips the thermal management system produced according to one aspect of the invention.
• Figure 2 is a view of an example of a heat transfer fluid circuit passing through the two-fluid heat exchanger of Figure 1.
• Figure 3 is a schematic view which represents the circuit of Figure 1 in a first heat pump mode.
• Figure 4 is a schematic view which represents the circuit of Figure 1 in a battery cooling mode.
• Figure 5 is a schematic view which represents the circuit of Figure 1 in a joint dehumidification and heat pump mode.
• Figure 6 is a schematic view which represents an example of an air conditioning circuit which equips the thermal management system produced according to another aspect of the invention.
• Figure 7 is a schematic view which represents the circuit of Figure 6 in a heat pump mode.
• Figure 8 is a schematic view which represents the circuit of Figure 6 in another heat pump mode.
• Figure 9 is a schematic view which represents the circuit of Figure 6 in a joint heat pump and dehumidification mode.
• a first element upstream of a second element means that the first element is placed before the second element with respect to the direction of circulation, or path, of a fluid.
• a first element downstream of a second element means that the first element is placed after the second element with respect to the direction of circulation, or travel, of the fluid considered.
• the direction of circulation is defined by the compressor arrows or by the pump arrows if applicable.
• branch here refers to a section of circuit open at its two ends comprising only elements arranged in series.
• batteries should not be understood as all the batteries in the vehicle but as several batteries.
• the term “battery” must mean any energy storage unit capable of restoring this energy in electrical form.
• the invention relates to a thermal conditioning system.
• a thermal management system for a motor vehicle This is an electric or hybrid motor vehicle which includes an electric motor which provides engine torque to the drive wheels of the vehicle.
• the electric motor is supplied with electric current at least by batteries, called traction batteries. During vehicle operation, the electric motor and the battery may produce heat.
• said system comprises a first air conditioning circuit 10 in which a refrigerant fluid (or “refrigerant fluid circuit”) circulates, as shown in Figure 1, and a second circuit 1 1 of heat transfer fluid in which a heat transfer fluid circulates, as shown in Figure 2.
• a refrigerant fluid or “refrigerant fluid circuit”
• a second circuit 1 1 of heat transfer fluid in which a heat transfer fluid circulates, as shown in Figure 2.
• the heat transfer fluid is, for example, a heat transfer liquid such as water comprising an antifreeze, in particular glycol water, or any other suitable heat transfer fluid.
• the refrigerant fluid is for example a hydrofluorocarbon, such as R-134a or R1234yf or R744.
• circuit 10 is an invertible air conditioning circuit in which a refrigerant fluid circulates.
• the refrigerant fluid circuit 10 successively comprises, in the direction of circulation of the refrigerant fluid, in a main loop LP of refrigerant fluid, a compressor 12, a first heat exchanger 14 arranged to exchange calories with a first heat transfer fluid, a second heat exchanger 16 arranged to exchange calories with a second heat transfer fluid, a first storage device 18 for refrigerant fluid, in particular to ensure a gas/liquid separation function, a first expansion member 20 for the refrigerant fluid and a heat exchanger bifluid heat 22 arranged jointly on a circuit 1 1 of a third heat transfer fluid.
• the first refrigerant storage device 18 is commonly called a “bottle”. It may include a refrigerant desiccant. It provides a gas/liquid separation function so that the outgoing fluid is liquid.
• the first expansion member 20 is typically an electronic fluid expansion valve or “electronic expansion valve”.
• the bifluid heat exchanger 22 is here directly connected to the compressor 12, i.e. without the presence of another heat exchanger between the bifluid heat exchanger 22 and the compressor 12.
• the two-fluid heat exchanger 22 is configured to allow heat exchange between the refrigerant fluid, circulating in the air conditioning circuit 10, and the third heat transfer fluid, circulating in the circuit 11 of the third heat transfer fluid, without mixing between the heat transfer fluid and refrigerant fluid.
• This type of heat exchanger is commonly called a “chiller” by those skilled in the art, in the example in Figure 1. It is more generally a liquid/liquid type heat exchanger capable of exchanging calories between two separate liquids.
• the first heat exchanger 14 arranged to exchange calories with a first heat transfer fluid is here an internal condenser of a ventilation device 56 for interior air in the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
• said first heat transfer fluid is in this example an internal air flow Fi blown into the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
• the first heat exchanger 14 is more generally a heat exchanger operating as a condenser or cooler of the refrigerant fluid.
• the second heat exchanger 16 arranged to exchange calories with the second heat transfer fluid is here a condenser on the front of the vehicle.
• the second heat transfer fluid is therefore in this example an external air flow Fe on the front of the vehicle.
• the second heat exchanger 16 is a heat exchanger arranged to act as a condenser or cooler of the refrigerant fluid.
• the first storage device 18 for refrigerant fluid is here integrated into the second heat exchanger 16, which comprises downstream a pass for sub-cooling the refrigerant fluid.
• the refrigerant fluid circuit 10 further comprises a first branch 24 between a first branch point 26 located on the main loop LP between the first heat exchanger 14 and the second heat exchanger 16 and a first junction point 28 located on the main loop LP between the first storage device 18 of refrigerant fluid and the first expansion member 20.
• the first branch 24 makes it possible to short-circuit the second heat exchanger 16 and thus bring the refrigerant fluid to the bifluid heat exchanger 22 as will be explained in more detail later below with reference to the figure 3.
• Said main LP loop of refrigerant fluid also includes a second fluid storage device 30 refrigerant between the first heat exchanger 14 and said first diversion point 26.
• the second refrigerant storage device 30 is commonly called a “bottle”. It may include a refrigerant desiccant. It provides a gas/liquid separation function so that the outgoing fluid is liquid.
• the circuit 11 of the third heat transfer fluid comprises, in addition to said bifluid heat exchanger 22, a fourth heat exchanger 32 arranged to exchange calories, directly or indirectly, with a fourth heat transfer fluid.
• the fourth heat exchanger 32 is here an ("external") radiator on the front of the vehicle, the fourth heat transfer fluid being in this example an external air flow (Fe) on the front of the vehicle. It is more generally a heat exchanger for cooling or heating the third heat transfer fluid, i.e. for cooling or heating the heat transfer liquid circulating in the fourth heat exchanger 32.
• the third heat transfer fluid here is for example glycol water or another heat transfer liquid of any suitable type.
• the refrigerant fluid circuit 10 further comprises a second branch 34 of refrigerant fluid between a second branch point 36 and a second junction point 38, the second branch point 34 being located on the main loop LP between the second heat exchanger 26 and the first expansion member 20, for example between the first junction point 26 and the first expansion member 20, and the second junction point 38 being located on the main loop LP between the bifluid heat exchanger 22 and compressor 1 2.
• the first branch 24 comprises, in the direction of circulation of the refrigerant fluid, a second expansion member 40 and a fifth heat exchanger 42 arranged to exchange calories, directly or indirectly, with a fifth heat transfer fluid, in particular so that the said fifth heat exchanger 42 can operate as a refrigerant evaporator when the system is in air conditioning mode and in dehumidification mode, the fifth heat transfer fluid being in this example an internal air flow (Fi) blown into the passenger compartment of the vehicle .
• the fifth heat exchanger 42 is typically an evaporator integrated into the interior air ventilation device 56. It is more generally a heat exchanger to evaporate the refrigerant fluid circulating within it.
• the second expansion member 40 is typically an electronic expansion valve, or electronic “holder”.
• the refrigerant fluid circuit 10 further comprises a third branch 44 of refrigerant fluid between a third branch point 46 and a third junction point 48, the third branch point 46 being located on the main loop LP between the first storage device 18 of refrigerant fluid and the first junction point 28 of the first branch of diversion 24, and the third junction point 48 being located on the second branch of diversion 34 between the fifth heat exchanger 42 and the second point junction 38 of the second branch 34.
• the refrigerant fluid circuit 10 is also equipped with different types of valves or valves.
• the refrigerant fluid circuit 10 comprises a first three-way valve 33 connecting the second refrigerant fluid storage device 30, the second heat exchanger 16 and the first branch 24 to the first junction point 26.
• This first valve three channels 33 makes it possible to circulate the refrigerant fluid from the first heat exchanger 14 towards the second heat exchanger 16 or towards the first branch of diversion 24.
• the third branch 44 includes a shut-off valve 50, but does not include, in this example, a heat exchanger.
• the second branch branch 34 comprises a first non-return valve 52 located between the first junction point of the second branch branch 34 and the third junction point 48 of the third branch branch 44.
• the main loop LP comprises a second non-return valve 54 located between the first storage device 18 of refrigerant fluid and the first junction point 28 of the first branch of diversion 24, more precisely between the third branch point 46 of the third branch of branch 44 and the first junction point 28 of the first branch branch 24.
• Figure 2 illustrates by way of example a possible heat transfer liquid circuit for said third heat transfer fluid passing through said two-fluid heat exchanger 22.
• the circuit 1 1 of the third heat transfer fluid comprises a first branch B1 for circulation of the heat transfer fluid comprising a first pump 58 and the two-fluid heat exchanger 22.
• the circuit 1 1 of the third heat transfer fluid also comprises a so-called “external” branch BE circulation of the third heat transfer fluid, said external branch BE comprising said fourth heat exchanger (32).
• an upstream end of said external branch BE is connected to a downstream end of said first branch B1 and a downstream end of said external branch being connected to an upstream end of said first branch B1.
• the heat transfer liquid circulates through the bifluid heat exchanger 22 and through the fifth heat exchanger 32, which allows passive heating of the heat transfer liquid and thus passive heating of the refrigerant fluid passing through the bifluid heat exchanger.
• the circuit 1 1 of the third heat transfer fluid also comprises a second branch B2 for circulating the third heat transfer fluid, an upstream end of the second circulation branch B2 being connected to a downstream end of said first branch B1, for example downstream of the bifluid heat exchanger 22, and a downstream end of said second branch B2 being connected to an upstream end of said first branch B1, so as to together form a circulation loop of the third heat transfer fluid.
• Said second branch B2 preferably does not include any device capable of significantly modifying the quantity of heat accumulated by the first heat transfer fluid.
• This arrangement of the first and second branches B1, B2 allows the circulation of the third heat transfer fluid in a loop in the first pump 58, the electric heating device 60 and in the bifluid heat exchanger 22, which allows this active heating of the refrigerant fluid when the electric heating device 60 is active.
• the electric heating device 60 is directly upstream of the bifluid heat exchanger 22. This mode of heating the refrigerant fluid is useful for example when the outside temperature is too cold to heat the refrigerant fluid. This minimum temperature will depend on the type of refrigerant used.
• the circuit 11 of the third heat transfer fluid comprises a third branch B3 and a fourth branch B4 for circulating the third heat transfer fluid.
• the third branch B3 comprises a second pump 62 and a sixth heat exchanger 66, for example of the “ electrical machines >> to exchange heat with electrical machines of the vehicle.
• the fourth branch B4 comprises a seventh heat exchanger 68, for example of the "battery" type for exchanging heat with vehicle batteries, an upstream end of said fourth branch B4 being connected to a downstream end of said first branch B1 and a downstream end of said fourth branch B4 being connected to an upstream end of said first branch B1 by a fifth branch B5 for circulating the third heat transfer fluid, in particular so as to form together a heat transfer fluid circulation loop, for example so to allow the electric heating device 60 to heat the third heat transfer fluid circulating in the seventh heat exchanger 68, or for example so as to allow, the bifluid heat exchanger 22 being active, to cool the third heat transfer fluid circulating in the seventh heat exchanger 68 and thus cool the vehicle batteries.
• a seventh heat exchanger 68 for example of the "battery" type for exchanging heat with vehicle batteries
• An upstream end of the fourth branch B4 is here connected to a downstream end of said third branch (B3, and a downstream end of said fourth branch B4 is connected to an upstream end of said third branch B3, so as to together form a loop circulation of the third heat transfer fluid, for example so as to allow the third heat transfer fluid circulating in the seventh heat exchanger 68 to be heated by recovering heat in the sixth heat exchanger 66, i.e. in the electrical machines of the vehicle (electric motor or power electronics for example).
• the circuit 1 1 of the third heat transfer fluid also comprises a sixth branch B6 for circulating the third heat transfer fluid, an upstream end of said sixth branch being connected to a downstream end of said third branch B3 and a downstream end of said sixth branch B6 being connected has an upstream end of said external branch BE, in particular so that said third branch B3, said sixth branch B6 and said external branch BE together form a circulation loop of the third heat transfer fluid, in particular so as to allow "passive" cooling > the third heat transfer fluid circulating in said sixth heat exchanger (66).
• the heat transfer fluid circuit 1 1 here comprises different valves or valves so as to direct the circulation of the heat transfer fluid.
• the third heat transfer fluid circuit 1 1 comprises a “second” three-way valve 74, a “third” three-way valve 76 and a “fourth” three-way valve 78.
• Said second three-way valve 74 connects a downstream end of said first branch B1, an upstream end of said second branch B2 and an upstream end of said external branch BE, configured to allow the circulation of the third heat transfer fluid between said first branch B1 and said second branch B2 or between said first branch B1 and said external branch BE, the first branch B1 being for example connected via a seventh branch B7.
• the third three-way valve 76 connects a downstream end of said fourth branch B4, an upstream end of said fifth branch B5 and an upstream end of said third branch B3, configured to allow the circulation of the third heat transfer fluid between said fourth branch B4 and said fifth branch B5 or between said fourth branch B4 and said third branch B3.
• the fourth three-way valve 78 connects a downstream end of said third branch B3, an upstream end of said fourth branch B4 and an upstream end of said sixth branch B6 to allow the circulation of the third heat transfer fluid between said third branch B3 and said fourth branch B4 or between said third branch B3 and said sixth branch B6.
• a "third" non-return valve 80 is arranged on an eighth branch B8 connecting an upstream end of said first branch B1 and a downstream end of said fourth branch B4, downstream of a fourth diversion point 82 towards said seventh branch B7 and upstream of a fourth junction point 84 of said third branch B3 to said fourth branch B4.
• This non-return valve 80 allows for example loop circulation in the second pump 62, the sixth heat exchanger 66 and the seventh exchanger 68, while also allowing the circulation of heat transfer fluid from the first branch B1 to the fourth branch B4.
• the circulation of heat transfer fluid from the first branch B1 to the seventh branch B7 is here obtained by closing the downstream end of the fourth branch B4 at said third three-way valves 76.
• circuit 1 1 of the third heat transfer fluid includes an expansion tank 72, located on said external branch BE.
• the expansion tank is located elsewhere in the circuit 1 1 of the third heat transfer fluid.
• the refrigerant fluid circuit 10 operates in a first heat pump mode.
• the first three-way valve 33 closes the circulation towards said second heat exchanger 16 and ensures the circulation from the first heat exchanger 14 towards the first branch of diversion 24.
• the second expansion member 40 is closed, prohibiting circulation towards said fifth exchanger e heat 42.
• the first expansion member 20 is, however, partially open, so as to cause the refrigerant fluid to undergo expansion before to arrive in said bifluid heat exchanger 22.
• the refrigerant fluid is then led towards the compressor 1 2 due to the non-return valve 52.
• the stop valve 50 is opened if necessary to bring the charge from the condenser towards the active loop.
• the refrigerant fluid circuit 10 thus forms a closed loop of refrigerant fluid circulating successively in the compressor 12, in the first heat exchanger 14 operating as a condenser or refrigerant cooler, in the second storage device 30 of bottle type, in the first expansion member 20, and in the two-fluid heat exchanger 22 operating as an evaporator of refrigerant fluid thus heating the refrigerant fluid.
• the third heat transfer fluid is for example set in motion towards the external radiator 32 to capture calories in the external air flow Fe, as previously explained above with reference to Figure 2.
• this first heat pump mode uses the chiller 22 (“bidluide heat exchanger”) for cooling the batteries as an evaporator.
• the first three-way valve 33 closes the circulation towards the first branch branch 24 and ensures the circulation of the first heat exchanger 14 towards said second heat exchanger 1 6.
• the valve stop 50 is closed.
• the second expansion member 40 is closed and the first expansion member 20 is partially open to achieve expansion of the refrigerant fluid.
• the refrigerant fluid circuit 10 thus forms an active loop of refrigerant fluid circulating successively through the compressor 12, the first heat exchanger 14 operating as a condenser or cooler of refrigerant fluid, in the second storage device 30 of bottle type, in the second heat exchanger 1 6 operating as a condenser or refrigerant fluid cooler, in the first member of expansion 20, and in the two-fluid heat exchanger 22 operating as an evaporator of refrigerant fluid thus heating the refrigerant fluid.
• the refrigerant fluid thus cools the third heat transfer fluid, which makes it possible to cool the batteries by circulation of the third heat transfer fluid in the seventh heat exchanger "batteries" 68.
• the evacuation of heat from the batteries jointly in the first heat exchanger 1 'and in the second heat exchanger 1 6 makes it possible to maximize the cooling power of the batteries.
• Figure 5 shows a combined dehumidification and heat pump mode.
• the first three-way valve closes the circulation towards the first branch of diversion 24 and ensures the circulation of the first heat exchanger 14 towards the second heat exchanger 16.
• the first expansion member 20 and the second expansion member 40 are partially open from so as to expand the refrigerant fluid and so that the bifluid heat exchanger 22 and said fifth heat exchanger 42 operate as a refrigerant evaporator.
• the stop valve 50 is opened if necessary to bring charge from the condenser to the active loop.
• the first heat exchanger 14 and the second heat exchanger 16 both operate as a condenser (or cooler) of refrigerant fluid.
• the dual-fluid heat exchanger captures heat in the refrigerant fluid, which heat is returned to the first heat exchanger 14 to heat the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
• the fifth heat exchanger 42 makes it possible to dehumidify the air by lowering the temperature of the internal air passing through it and by condensing part of the humidity present in this internal air.
• Another mode of dehumidification not shown simply differs from the mode of Figure 5 in that the first expansion member 20 is closed, which prevents the circulation of refrigerant fluid in the bifluid heat exchanger 22 (or “chiller”).
• Figure 6 illustrates a second embodiment of a refrigerant fluid circuit according to another aspect of the invention, which simply differs from the circuit of Figure 1 in that it comprises a third expansion member 70 located between said first branch point 26 of said first branch branch 24 and said second heat exchanger 16.
• said third expansion member 70 is integrated into the first three-way valve (33).
• the third expansion member 70 is independent of the first three-way valve 26.
• the third expansion member 70 is of any suitable type. This is for example a device of an electronic fluid expansion valve or “electronic expansion valve”.
• the third expansion member 70 makes it possible to cause the refrigerant fluid arriving in the second heat exchanger 16 to undergo expansion and thus to operate the second heat exchanger as an evaporator of refrigerant fluid while circulating in the same direction in said second heat exchanger, compared to the direction of circulation in which the second heat exchanger 1 6 is used as a condenser (or cooler) of refrigerant fluid. so that said second heat exchanger 1 6 can operate as a refrigerant evaporator when the system is in heat pump mode, for example jointly or not with the bifluid heat exchanger (22) operating for example also in refrigerant evaporator when the system is in heat pump mode.
• the first three-way valve 33 closes the first branch 24 and allows the circulation of refrigerant fluid from the first heat exchanger to the second heat exchanger 16.
• the third expansion member 70 is partially open.
• the first expansion member 20 and the second expansion member 40 are closed.
• Shut-off valve 50 is open.
• the refrigerant fluid circuit thus ensures circulation of refrigerant fluid in a loop of the compressor 12, towards the first heat exchanger 141st second heat exchanger 16, then again towards the compressor.
• the first heat exchanger 16 operates as a condenser (or cooler) of refrigerant fluid while the second heat exchanger 16 operates as an evaporator of refrigerant fluid. It is therefore an alternative heat pump mode to the heat pump mode in which the bifluid heat exchanger 22 is used as an evaporator.
• Figure 8 illustrates another heat pump mode corresponding to the combination of the operating modes of Figures 3 and 7
• the circuit 10 of refrigerant fluid 10 of Figure 8 with respect to Figure 7 is that said first expansion member 20 is partially open so as to allow the circulation of refrigerant fluid towards the bifluid heat exchanger 22 while making undergoes a refrigerant fluid water expansion in said first expansion member 20 and in that the stop valve 50 is closed.
• the refrigerant fluid circuit 10 thus forms a refrigerant fluid circulation loop from the compressor 12 to the first heat exchanger 14 then to the second heat exchanger 16 before circulating to the bifluid heat exchanger 22.
• the first heat exchanger 1' operates as a condenser (or refrigerant cooler), while the second heat exchanger 14 and the dual-fluid heat exchanger 22 operate as an evaporator.
• the second heat exchanger 16 operates as an evaporator on the outside air Fe and the two-fluid heat exchanger 22 operates as an evaporator on the third heat transfer fluid, which, as explained with reference to Figure 2, is heated by passively by circulating in the external radiator 32 (or fourth heat exchanger) or actively by circulating in the electric heating device 60.
• the embodiment in Figure 8 allows for increased heating power in heat pump mode.
• Figure 9 illustrates an operating mode combining the increased power heat pump mode of Figure 8 with a dehumidification mode.
• the refrigerant fluid circuit 10 differs from Figure 8 in that the second expansion member 40 is partially open, so as to allow the circulation of refrigerant fluid towards the fifth heat exchanger 42 while causing the refrigerant fluid to expand. in said second expansion member.
• part of the refrigerant fluid coming from the second exchanger 16 bifurcates towards the first expansion member 20 and the bifluid heat exchanger 22 and another part of the refrigerant fluid arriving at the second diversion point 36 circulates towards the second expansion member 40 then towards the fifth heat exchanger 42 before returning to the compressor 12.
• the fifth heat exchanger 42 thus operates as an evaporator of refrigerant fluid in parallel with the bifluid heat exchanger 22, which also operates as an evaporator 22 of refrigerant fluid.
• the interior air ventilation device 16 thus dehumidifies the internal air fluid which is first cooled in the fifth heat exchanger 42 before being reheated in said first heat exchanger 16.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

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• 2022
  • 2022-10-24 FR FR2211039A patent/FR3141237B1/fr active Active
• 2023
  • 2023-10-23 CN CN202380074891.2A patent/CN120091924A/zh active Pending
  • 2023-10-23 WO PCT/EP2023/079521 patent/WO2024088986A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2023-10-23 EP EP23793876.6A patent/EP4608659A1/de active Pending

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