Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
  • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
  • F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
  • F24B5/021—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves combustion-air circulation
  • F24B5/026—Supply of primary and secondary air for combustion
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
  • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
  • F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
  • F23B60/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
  • F23H1/00—Grates with solid bars
  • F23H1/08—Vertical grates
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
  • F23H17/00—Details of grates
  • F23H17/06—Provision for vertical adjustment of grate
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
  • F24B13/00—Details solely applicable to stoves or ranges burning solid fuels 
  • F24B13/02—Arrangement or mountings of fire-grate assemblies; Arrangement or mountings of linings for fire-boxes, e.g. fire-backs 
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
  • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
  • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
  • F24B1/191—Component parts; Accessories
  • F24B1/1915—Means for removing ash

Definitions

• the invention relates to a single chamber heater for manual feeding of solid fuels with an additional vertical grate, in particular a wood stove.
• Known heaters of this concept usually have a square or rectangular chamber.
• the inner space of the chamber is the combustion space.
• the bottom of this combustion space is either integral or contains a grate.
• the grate may be solid or with movable elements.
• Below the grate is an ash space into which leads inlet of primary combustion air.
• one of the side walls contains a feed opening with a door, often made of glass.
• the ceiling of the combustion space contains an opening for the escaping of flue gas.
• Secondary combustion air inlets are most often located at the top of the front wall, where they also rinse the glass of the door, and the rear wall of the combustion space.
• the grate and walls of the combustion space are made of heat resistant material (metal or ceramic).
• the ash space has a removable container for keeping the ash (ash pan).
• the flame usually flows through the entire fuel load and shortly after the fuel is fed, the entire layer of the fed fuel ignites (the fuel starts to burn on the surface of all fed pieces).
• the combustion of the fed fuel is thus not uniform over time (as for example in the case of double chamber heater), which reduces the combustion quality and efficiency.
• it is necessary to feed smaller pieces of fuel and more frequently (e.g. every 45 min). This reduces the useful value of the heater. Feeding of more amount of fuel (in an attempt to extend the feeding interval) increases the described combustion unevenness and negatively presents in lower efficiency and combustion quality
• Some well-known single-stage heaters are equipped on walls of the combustion chamber with vertically provided ribs (with a profile height of 5-10 mm).
• the ribs prevent the fuel (logs) from leaning near to the wall and thus limiting the air access to the adjacent part of the fuel and thus local suffocation of the flame, or cause local smoke (imperfect combustion).
• the purpose of the ribs is therefore to improve the quality of combustion.
• ribs The purpose of these dimensionaly significant ribs is to create a sufficiently large space between the back wall of the combustion chamber and the fuel bed, through which a significant portion of air and flame flows during operation to promote combustion of the fuel bed near the back wall at the expense of the remaining fuel volume.
• the fuel bed burns gradually from the rear wall of the fireplace to the front wall and not uniformly throughout the whole volume as in conventional fireplaces. This gradual burning allows larger batches of fuel to be added, which then burn for longer periods of time.
• the purpose of the ribs is therefore to extend the burning time.
• ribs of VERNER brand do not achieve the described effect of combustion control to a sufficient extent.
• the space between the ribs becomes clogged during operation and subsequently clogged with the fuel fragments (cinders).
• the impassable space between the ribs does not fulfil the function of channels and thus does not provide the basic function of the grate (in this case the function of vertical grate), ensuring the required controled combustion.
• the space between the ribs is usually already blocked by hot cinders when the feeding is applied, so it is necessary to make passageways free manually with a suitable fireplace tool. This makes operation very difficult.
• a single space heater for manual feeding of solid fuels containing a combustion space defined by side walls and a front wall, a horizontal grate at the bottom and a rear wall provided at the bottom above the horizontal grate with a vertical grate consisting of vertical ribs adjacent to the rear wall of the combustion space on one side, where a space is formed between the vertical ribs facing the combustion space.
• the essence of the invention is that the space between the vertical ribs is formed by channels which are on the side facing the combustion space terminated by a through vertical gap, wherein the clearance of the channels behind the through vertical gap is at least 10% greater than the width of the through vertical gap.
• Channel clearance means the internal diameter of the channel which determines the maximum size of a circular object that can pass freely through it
• channels can be circular or quadrilateral in cross-section. If channels are circular, their diameter shall be at least 10% greater than the width of the through vertical gap of the vertical grate. For a circular channel, the clearance shall be equal to the diameter of the channel. If channels are quadrilateral in cross-section, it is advantageous from the point of view of manufacturing simplicity of the vertical ribs if the sides of the channel (quadrilateral) are mutually apart of at least 10°. For a quadrilateral channel, the clearance is equal to the diameter of the maximum circle inscribed in the quadrilateral.
• the upper surfaces of the ribs of the vertical grate are sloped into direction to the combustion space at an angle of at least 40°.
• the advantage of the invention is that the channels of the vertical grate do not become blocked and clogged with parts of the burning fuel (cinders). This is achieved by the fact that fuel particles which penetrate the gap inside the channel fall down into the ash space. As the vertical grate channels remain open throughout full time operation, sufficient volume of primary air flows through them to the rear part of the combustion space. This reduces the flow of flame through the fuel bed in favour of the flow of flame through the vertical grate channels and near to the rear wall. The combustion is therefore more uniform over time as the fuel layer burns off gradually, from the rear wall to the front.
• the single chamber heater according to the invention allows to feed triple volume of fuel, which then burns for triple time in comparison to conventional single chamber heaters, without compromising combustion quality and efficiency.
• the invention allows to extend the burning time almost three times compared to the existing single-stage heaters.
• Figs. 1 and 2 show a single chamber heater for manual feeding of solid fuels, comprising a combustion space 1 defined at the bottom by a horizontal grate 5, a rear wall 2, side walls 7 ( Figs. 6 to 8 ) and a front wall 4 with a feeding opening 3.
• the rear wall 2 of the combustion space 1 is provided in the lower part, above the horizontal grate 5, with a vertical grate 13 which consists of a number of vertical ribs 8 and between them channels 9 with a lower outlet 14 to the ash compartment 6 and an upper outlet 15 to the combustion space 1 are formed.
• Vertical ribs 8 are adjacent with one side 8.1 to the rear wall 2 of the combustion space 1. Between vertical ribs 8 on the side facing the combustion space, through vertical gaps 11 are formed.
• the clearence of channels 9 behind the through vertical gap 11 is greater than the width 11.1 of the through vertical gap 11, in this particular case by vertical ribs 8 shown in Figs 3 to 5 by about 15%. That is, the largest circle that can be inserted into the perpendicular section of the channel 9 has a diameter by 15 % greater than the width 11.1 of the through vertical gap 11. Fuel particles that penetrate the through vertical gap 11 inside the channel 9 will fall down into the ash compartment 5 through the lower outlet 14.
• Fig. 5 shows in a front view a vertical grate 13 with vertical ribs 8 and width 11.1 of through vertical gap 11
• vertical ribs 8 with lateral sides 10 in circular shape these form a channel 9 of circular cross-section ( Fig. 7 ).
• the diameter of channels 9 behind the through vertical gap 11 is 15% greater than the width 11.1 of the through vertical gap 11.
• the channel 9 is also of quadrilateral cross-section ( Fig. 6 ).
• the depth 21 of the channel 9 is 15% greater than the width 11.1 of the through vertical gap 11 and its lateral sides 10 mutually open at an angle 20° towards the rear wall 2 of the combustion space 1
• upper surfaces 12 of vertical ribs 8 of the vertical grate 13 are sloped towards the combustion space 1 at an angle of 40°
• the ceiling 19 of the combustion space 1 goes upwards to the front wall 4. At the highest point of the combustion space 1 there is a flue gas outlet 20. A secondary air inlet 17 is located above the feeding opening 3.
• the horizontal grate 5 in this particular embodiment comprises three movable grate elements 16 formed by shallow troughs pivotally mounted in the side walls 7. The horizontal grate 5 can be tilted slightly to any side. Below the horizontal grate 5 there is the ash compartment 6 which contains the primary inlet 18 of air.
• the upper surface 12 of vertical ribs 8 is sloped at an angle 40° towards the front wall 4 of the combustion space 1 see Fig. 3.2 .
• the function of the heater is as follows: Fuel, e.g. firewood, is fed through the feeding opening 3 into the lower part of the combustion space 1. Fuel is then ignited either by the operator or ignites itself from the glowing base layer of fuel left from the previous charge. Air flows through primary inlet 18 into the ash compartment 6, from where approximately 70% of the primary air flows through lower outlet 14 into channels 9 of the vertical grate 13. Remaining approximately 30% of primary air flows through gaps between movable grate elements 16.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

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Citations (3)

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• 2024
  • 2024-02-27 CZ CZ2024-70A patent/CZ202470A3/cs unknown
• 2025
  • 2025-02-21 EP EP25159415.6A patent/EP4610569A1/fr active Pending

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