Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
  • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
  • F41A3/12—Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
  • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
  • F41A3/12—Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
  • F41A3/36—Semi-rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements movably mounted on the bolt or on the barrel or breech housing
  • F41A3/38—Semi-rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements movably mounted on the bolt or on the barrel or breech housing having rocking locking elements, e.g. pivoting levers or vanes
  • F41A3/40—Semi-rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements movably mounted on the bolt or on the barrel or breech housing having rocking locking elements, e.g. pivoting levers or vanes mounted on the bolt
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
  • F41A15/00—Cartridge extractors, i.e. devices for pulling cartridges or cartridge cases at least partially out of the cartridge chamber; Cartridge ejectors, i.e. devices for throwing the extracted cartridges or cartridge cases free of the gun
  • F41A15/12—Cartridge extractors, i.e. devices for pulling cartridges or cartridge cases at least partially out of the cartridge chamber; Cartridge ejectors, i.e. devices for throwing the extracted cartridges or cartridge cases free of the gun for bolt-action guns
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
  • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
  • F41A3/12—Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
  • F41A3/36—Semi-rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements movably mounted on the bolt or on the barrel or breech housing
  • F41A3/38—Semi-rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements movably mounted on the bolt or on the barrel or breech housing having rocking locking elements, e.g. pivoting levers or vanes
  • F41A3/42—Semi-rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements movably mounted on the bolt or on the barrel or breech housing having rocking locking elements, e.g. pivoting levers or vanes hand-operated

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a firearm, in particular to a straight-pull bolt mechanism of a repeating rifle, in particular a repeating shotgun.
• a repeating rifle with this straight-pull bolt mechanism, in particular a repeating shotgun.
• a bolt mechanism comprising a straight-pull bolt that is both axially movable and rotatable about its axis.
• the bolt thus performs a combined sliding-rotary movement when locking and unlocking against the firing mechanism, while to lock the rotary component of the movement, the bolt is provided with projections that move in recesses in the shape of a multi-pass helix, which is formed in the receiver, or along curved surfaces.
• the entire sliding-rotary movement of the bolt is then controlled by the bolt handle, which is pivotally mounted transversely to the axis of the firearm within the control part, which is sliding-movable within the chamber sleeve, as described, for example, in document EP 0 784 194 B1 .
• a similar bolt mechanism is described in document DE 10 2016 120 981 A1 , where the bolt mechanism chamber contains, in addition to the bolt, an axially movable control part. Connected to this control part is the bolt handle, which is mounted pivotally about an axis running eccentrically with relation to the longitudinal axis of the bolt chamber.
• the straight-pull bolt mechanism of the Type 58 Assault Rifle has a bolt that, together with the bolt handle, performs only a straight motion, and thus takes a very short time to cock.
• the bolt moves gently thanks to a simple sliding motion with large component clearances, so that moving the bolt handle with the bolt requires very little physical strength.
• the bolt mechanism is damage-resistant and works reliably even in adverse conditions.
• the bolt mechanism of the Type 58 Assault Rifle consists of the receiver, the bolt, the breech block with bolt handle on the right side, and the breech lock and striker.
• the bolt mechanism is connected to a gas piston controlling its movement and loading.
• the breech block is guided along its entire length by sliding motion in the grooves of the receiver.
• the bolt is suspended below the breech block and is mounted movably in the internal grooves on the sides of the breech block.
• the breech lock which closes the bolt in the locked position is "U" shaped, is movably mounted on the bolt, and has an inclined surface which is engaged by a wedge-shaped tongue on the underside of the breech block which raises the breech lock to the raised position when the breech block is moved to the rear and the bolt is unlocked.
• the breech lock drops down and is pressed down by the cross beam on the underside of the breech block as the breech block moves forward.
• the ends of both breech lock arms fit into the locking recesses in the bottom of the receiver.
• In the upper part there is an ejector used to eject the empty cartridge case after firing.
• the slide stop On the right side of the ejector is the slide stop, which holds the bolt in the rear position after the last cartridge has been fired (the so-called "bolt hold open”).
• the magazine catch On the left side of the ejector from below, the magazine catch is fixed on the pin.
• the bolt mechanism ejects cartridges from the magazine and slides them into the chamber, locks the chamber when fired, ignites the primer of the cartridge, and extracts and ejects the fired cartridge case.
• a recoil device is used to return the bolt to the foremost position.
• the firearm fires from the front locked bolt position.
• the function of automatic firing with self-loading is based on the principle of the pressure of powder gases, diverted after firing from the inside of the barrel through the inclined gas channel into the gas cylinder, located above the barrel.
• This gas cylinder is an essential part of the design of the Type 58 Assault Rifle.
• the gases act on the piston, the piston rod of which rests on the breech block with its rear end and thus transmits the impulse of the powder gases thereto.
• the breech block starts to move to the rear, after its movement by 12 mm the breech lock, lifted by the breech block, goes upwards outside the recess of the receiver and the bolt is thus unlocked.
• the required trajectory creates a delay during which the bullet leaves the barrel, and the pressure of powder gases drops to a level safe for bolt unlocking.
• the unlocked bolt moves to the rear while the cartridge case is extracted out of the chamber and ejected.
• the cartridge is extracted by the extractor located on the breech block and the fixed ejector in the gun case (behind the magazine well) ejects it right side up.
• the piston and piston rod are returned to the forward position by a separate piston spring.
• the entire bolt is returned to the forward position by a recoil spring located above the main spring.
• the breech block feeds a new cartridge from the cartridge case and slides it into the chamber.
• the bolt closes the barrel and the breech block, continuing its forward motion, presses the breech lock into a recess in the receiver. This closes and locks the barrel.
• the object of the present invention is to provide such a straight-pull bolt mechanism for a repeating shotgun which would take advantages of the bolt mechanism of the Type 58 Assault Rifle, in particular its straight sliding motion and its easy and reliable operation, and at the same time such a bolt mechanism would be suitable for use without a gas cylinder, with control of the entire movement cycle by means of the bolt handle and recoil springs only.
• the above object is achieved by providing a straight-pull bolt mechanism according to the present invention.
• the invention is based on the known straight-pull bolt mechanism of a repeating rifle, which includes a receiver with guide grooves, locking recesses for engaging the breech lock, a magazine well and a trigger guard well, and further including a bolt with a breech lock and a striker, a breech block with a blot handle, an extractor, an ejector and at least one recoil spring.
• the breech block is mounted along its entire length in the guide grooves of the receiver.
• the bolt is mounted with the possibility of sliding movement in the guide grooves of the receiver, and that the breech block is mounted with the possibility of sliding movement above the bolt.
• the rear part of the breech block is placed in the guide grooves of the receiver and the front part of the breech block is movably connected to the upper part of the bolt.
• the front part of the breech block is provided with at least one locking lug engaging in the locked position of the bolt in a horizontal groove formed in the front end of the receiver.
• the front part of the breech block is provided with a puller that can be extended in the unlocked position of the bolt over the front edge of the bolt to push the bolt to the rear against the direction of the shot.
• the breech lock is provided with a cross pin, the ends of which fit into the front brackets arranged opposite in the breech block and pointing diagonally upwards towards the front part of the breech block.
• the locked position of the bolt or breech block refers to the position in which the bolt or breech block is in the forward position towards the barrel.
• the unlocked position of the bolt or breech block is the position in which the bolt or breech block is in the rearward position from the barrel.
• the front part of the breech block for movable connection to the upper part of the bolt is provided with a connecting pin
• the front part of the bolt is provided with a guide bracket, where the connecting pin is guided in the guide bracket with the possibility of sliding movement of the breech block relative to the bolt.
• the guide allows for relative sliding movement of the bolt and breech block within the range defined by the length of the guide bracket.
• the front part of the breech block is provided with two parallel locking lugs. Two locking lugs lock the breech block reliably in the locked position when fired.
• the puller is in the form of a longitudinal body, the front end of which is extendable over the front edge of the bolt and which extends into the rear part of the breech block, where the rear end thereof engages with one of the arms of the two-arm rotary lever, with the ends of the arms of the rotary lever engaging with two longitudinal rear brackets arranged oppositely in the sides of the breech block, with one of the rear brackets having a greater length than the other rear bracket.
• the receiver is closed at the rear, so that it is not possible for the bolt or breech block to fly backwards towards the shooter during firing due to some malfunction.
• the receiver is provided with a removable upper cover with a weaver bar at the top, attached to the receiver by means of a front screw and a rear screw.
• the preferred embodiment is when the striker is split and consists of a front striker and a rear striker, whereby in the unlocked position of the bolt the rear striker does not engage the front striker and, on the contrary, in the locked position of the bolt the rear striker engages the front striker.
• the bolt handle is coupled to the breech block by means of a lever mechanism comprising a front lever and a rear lever, where the breech block further comprises a vertical lever arranged to engage with the end of the rear lever such that when the bolt handle is moved to the rear, the lower end of the vertical lever moves below the lower edge of the breech block.
• a blocking lock is arranged in the lower part of the receiver, the front end of which engages the breech block in the locked position of the breech block and the rear end of which engages the lower end of the vertical lever.
• the object of the invention includes a repeating rifle, in particular a shotgun which is provided with a straight-pull bolt mechanism according to the invention, and the rear end of the barrel is provided with at least one horizontal groove for a locking lug of the breech block in the area above the chamber.
• the straight-pull bolt mechanism and the repeating rifle with this straight-pull bolt mechanism eliminate all the disadvantages of the solutions known from the background of the invention.
• the repeating rifle in a particular embodiment of the repeating shotgun, includes a straight-pull bolt mechanism comprising a receiver 1 of the bolt 3 to which a barrel 2 comprising a chamber 34 , a guard 45 with a guard plate 46 and an upper receiver cover 31 with a weaver bar is removably attached.
• a straight-pull bolt mechanism comprising a receiver 1 of the bolt 3 to which a barrel 2 comprising a chamber 34 , a guard 45 with a guard plate 46 and an upper receiver cover 31 with a weaver bar is removably attached.
• the front one for inserting the magazine 36 with pressure plate 32 the rear one for the trigger mechanism.
• the upper part of the receiver 1 of the bolt 3 includes guide grooves 38 for guiding the bolt 3 and the rear part of the breech block 4 , a locking recess 47 for engaging the ends of the breech lock 5, a vertical groove for the plate with guide pins 43 of the recoil springs 42 of the breech block 4, and a groove in the rear end for locating the safety lock body.
• the bolt 3 is guided along its entire length in the guide grooves 38 of the receiver 1 of the bolt 3 .
• the bolt 3 carries other components, namely, a breech lock 5 in a swinging arrangement at the rear part of the bolt 3, a striker with a recoil spring split into a front striker 10 and a rear striker 11 , an ejector 8 with a spring, and a puller 7 operated by a horizontally mounted rotary lever 9 .
• the bolt 3 engages from above the breech block 4.
• In the side walls of breech block 4 there are two pairs of opposite brackets 25 , 40 .
• a pair of front brackets 25 control the lifting of the breech lock 5 via a cross pin 26 located in the body of the breech lock 5 .
• These front brackets 25 in conjunction with the cross pin 26 , lift the breech lock 5 , or move it to the locked position of the bolt 3 , behind the locking recess 47 of the receiver 1 of the bolt 3 .
• a pair of rear brackets 40 when the breech block 4 is moved to the front and to the rear, control the horizontal rotary lever 9 , which controls the movement of the puller 7 from the left side.
• two levers are mounted in a horizontal groove, specifically the front lever 13 and the rear lever 14 , both operated by the handle 12 of the bolt 3 .
• levers 13 and 14 run vertical pins about which levers 13 and 14 rotate.
• the front lever 13 is an auxiliary lever, the rear lever 14 with its left end engages the upper end of the vertical swing lever 15 which folds the blocking lock 16 of the breech block 4 .
• a rear striker 11 is fitted in the lower part of the breech block 4 , which, in the unlocked position of the breech block 4 , does not allow it to engage the front striker 10 and thus makes it impossible to fire.
• This safety feature of the split striker is that until the front end of the breech block 4 reaches the rear part of the bolt 3 , the front end of the rear striker 11 will not reach the rear end of the front striker 10 when the firing hammer 17 strikes.
• a gap of 1 mm or more is sufficient to prevent the primer from igniting in the bottom of the cartridge case 35 . That is, if the breech block 4 does not complete the entire dead run of 9 mm, and the firing hammer 17 still strikes the rear striker 11 , the primer in the bottom of the cartridge case 35 cannot be ignited.
• the straight-pull bolt mechanism is operated by grasping the handle 12 of the bolt 3 by hand and pulling it to the rear. This causes the front lever 13 and the rear lever 14 of the handle 12 of the bolt 3 to rotate about the vertical pins. The end of the rear lever 14 engages the upper end of the vertical lever 15 , the lower end of the vertical lever 15 moves under the bottom of the breech block 4 and pushes downwards the front end of the blocking lock 16 . This will unlock the breech block 4 to the unlocked position. The breech block 4 further moves to the rear, while the two locking lugs 24 of the breech block 4 slide out of the horizontal groove 39 above the chamber 34.
• the so-called dead run of the breech block 4 takes place in the length of 9 mm. This also causes the front striker 10 to move away from the rear striker 11 .
• the two front brackets 25 located on its sides lift the breech lock 5 by means of the cross pin 26 of the breech lock 5 .
• the front brackets 25 operate the breech lock 5 with the use of the ends of this cross pin 26 .
• the pair of rear brackets 40 on the sides of the breech block 4 engage the right end of the horizontal rotary lever 9 and at the same time the left end of this rotary lever 9 pushes against the rear end of the body of the puller 7 in counter-motion and moves it to the front by 2 mm.
• the extractor 6 whose hook is caught in the groove of the cartridge case 35, begins to extract the cartridge case 35 from the chamber 34.
• the whole system i.e. breech block 4 with bolt 3 and breech lock 5 , moves to the rear.
• the ejector 8 ejects the cartridge case through the ejection port 48.
• the trigger mechanism is tensioned.
• the lowering of the blocking lock 16 of the breech block 4 causes the two recoil springs 42 to be compressed and gradually inserted, together with the guide pins 43, into the holes 22 in the breech block 4.
• the recoil springs 42 push the moving parts forward. This causes the cartridge 35 to be ejected from the magazine 36, then loaded into the chamber 34 and the entire firearm system to be locked.
• the front end of the bolt 3 strikes the bottom of the cartridge 35 and begins to eject it from the magazine 36 .
• the bolt 3 loads the cartridge 35 into the chamber 34 in the barrel 2 . In doing so, the ejector 8 is inserted into the front end of the bolt 3 , and the hook of the extractor 6 is hooked into the groove in the cartridge case 35 . The system is not yet locked.
• the breech block 4 is then moved.
• the front bracket 25 of the breech block 4 for operating the breech lock 5 lowers the breech lock 5 by means of the cross pin 26 of the breech lock 5 into the locking recess 47 of the receiver 1 of the bolt 3.
• the breech block 4 is only 9 mm from the front end of the barrel 2 and must overcome the so-called dead run of the breech block 4 .
• the two locking lugs 24 of the breech block 4 are engaged in the horizontal groove 39 in the front end of the receiver 1 of the bolt 3 above the chamber 34. Further, the connecting pin 22 of the bolt 3 and the breech block 4 reaches the forward position of the slot guide 21 of the bolt 3 .
• the present invention can be used for firearms, in particular as a straight-pull bolt mechanism for a repeating rifle, in particular a repeating shotgun.

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• Toys (AREA)
• Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

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  • 2024-03-21 CZ CZ2024-102A patent/CZ2024102A3/cs unknown
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  • 2025-03-20 EP EP25164927.3A patent/EP4621339A1/fr active Pending

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