Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
  • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
  • F41A9/01—Feeding of unbelted ammunition
  • F41A9/06—Feeding of unbelted ammunition using cyclically moving conveyors, i.e. conveyors having ammunition pusher or carrier elements which are emptied or disengaged from the ammunition during the return stroke
  • F41A9/09—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines
  • F41A9/10—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines pivoting or swinging
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
  • F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
  • F41A19/57—Firing mechanisms operating with primer cartridge
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
  • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
  • F41A9/37—Feeding two or more kinds of ammunition to the same gun; Feeding from two sides
  • F41A9/375—Feeding propellant charges and projectiles as separate units
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
  • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
  • F41A3/02—Block action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being transverse to the barrel axis
  • F41A3/10—Block action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being transverse to the barrel axis with sliding breech-block, e.g. vertically

Definitions

• the invention relates to a primer magazine changing device for transferring a primer magazine between a primer magazine depot and a primer magazine slot of a weapon with a holding device in which the primer magazine can be held.
• a primer is usually a small percussion cap that ignites a propellant charge.
• the propellant charge is located in the gun barrel behind the actual projectile and is usually inserted into the gun barrel separately from the projectile. If the projectile and propellant charge are positioned appropriately in the gun barrel, the ignition of the propellant charge leads to a pressure buildup behind the projectile and thus to a sudden Acceleration of the projectile. A new propellant charge and primer are required to fire each projectile.
• the primers are comparatively small, and several primers are arranged in a single primer magazine.
• the weapon has a primer magazine slot at the rear, so a new projectile and propellant charge must be inserted into the barrel after each firing, while the primer magazine contains enough primers for numerous firings.
• the weapon is usually loaded with the projectile and propellant charge automatically, so that manual intervention is no longer necessary for the actual loading process.
• the primer magazine still has to be replaced by hand. This means that, depending on the size of the primer magazine, it is possible to fire numerous shots without manual intervention.
• the primer magazine is empty, it must be removed by hand from the primer magazine slot in the weapon barrel and replaced with a new primer magazine.
• the new primer magazines are usually stored near the weapon barrel in a primer magazine depot. Accordingly, to replace an empty primer magazine, a full primer magazine can be removed by hand from the primer magazine depot, and the empty primer magazine can then also be manually stored in the primer magazine depot.
• primer magazine changing devices can be used, which have a holding device in which the primer magazine can be held for movement. Primer magazines can then be moved together with the holding device.
• the invention therefore aims to ensure safer handling of the primer magazines.
• This task is achieved in a primer magazine changing device of the type mentioned above by providing a gripping device that can be actuated by a drive to secure the primer magazine in the holding device.
• This gripping device ensures that the primer magazine is reliably held in the holding device even in the event of strong vibrations and can thus be safely moved back and forth between the weapon barrel or the primer magazine slot and the primer magazine depot via the holding device.
• the gripping device can therefore function as a gripping safety device.
• the drive enables automatic actuation of the gripping device, so that no manual intervention is required to secure the primer magazine in the holding device.
• the gripping device has at least one, preferably two gripping arms mounted rotatably about a pivot point, which can be moved between a securing position securing a primer magazine in the holding device and a can be moved back and forth in the unlocked position.
• the two gripper arms can be moved back and forth between the two positions via a drive and can thus automatically secure or release the primer magazine in the holding device.
• the explanations apply analogously to a gripping device with only a single gripper arm.
• only a single drive is provided for movement. The design of the drive will be explained in more detail below.
• the primer magazine In the unlocked position, the primer magazine can be picked up from the holding device or removed from the holding device and thus moved relative to the holding device.
• the primer magazine In the secured position, the primer magazine can be secured in the holding device so that no relative movement between the holding device and the primer magazine is possible. Rather, the primer magazine can be moved together with the holding device in the secured position.
• the axes of rotation of the two pivot points can be aligned parallel to one another and, in particular, run in a vertical direction.
• the gripper arms can thus be pivoted in an essentially horizontal plane.
• the gripping arms can have a hook section on each side, which can engage in a recess in the primer magazine when in the secured position.
• the hook sections can be used to achieve a positive connection between the gripping device or the gripping arms and the primer magazine to be secured, so that the latter is reliably secured in the holding device.
• the hook sections In order for the hook sections to engage in the primer magazine to be secured, the latter can, in particular, have laterally arranged guide grooves.
• the hook sections can be arranged at the ends of the gripper arms so that the hook sections cover the greatest possible distance when moving around the pivot points.
• the hook sections can face each other and, when the gripper arms are moved into the securing position, can engage laterally in the primer magazine to be secured, like a pair of pliers.
• the gripping arms it has proven advantageous for the gripping arms to be movable back and forth between the locking and unlocking positions, like a rocker. This design allows the gripping arms to be easily pivoted back and forth between the locking and unlocking positions.
• the pivot point can thus be located in the middle area of the gripping arms.
• the gripper arms are mounted on the holding device so that they can rotate about the pivot points. Due to this mounting on the holding device itself, the gripper arms can only be moved in a rotational direction relative to the holding device. If the holding device as a whole is moved or pivoted, the gripper arms are moved accordingly. In this respect, it can be ensured that the primer magazine held in the holding device can be reliably secured by the gripper arms in any position of the holding device. Any relative movement of the gripper arms and the holding device can therefore be limited to a pivoting or rotating movement of the gripper arms about the pivot points.
• the gripping arms are pre-tensioned into the release position by a spring.
• This design ensures that the gripping arms are always in the release position when they are not actively in the locking position. Therefore, only one movement of the gripper arms needs to be actively initiated via the drive, and the return movement can then occur purely passively via the spring.
• the spring can connect the two gripper arms on the side of the pivot points opposite the hook sections.
• the spring can be designed as a tension spring that pulls together the two end regions of the gripper arms opposite the hook sections, thus moving the hook sections apart into the unlocked position or preloading them in this direction.
• the drive can thus be designed as a linear drive, particularly a pneumatic one, via which the control rod can be moved in a linear direction.
• This linear movement of the control rod can initiate a pivoting movement of the gripper arms, allowing them to be moved either into the locking or unlocking position as required.
• the drive can be connected to a pneumatic network of the vehicle.
• the gripping arms can be moved from the release position to the safety position by moving the control rod. Because the two gripping arms are preloaded by the spring, it is only necessary to actively move the gripping arms into the safety position by moving the control rod. A movement into the release position can be initiated automatically by the spring when the control rod is moved.
• the control rod is connected to a link piece which can be moved between the gripper arms via the control rod.
• the link piece When the link piece is moved between the gripper arms, the gripper arms are pushed apart at the ends and against the force of the spring so that the hook sections of the gripper arms are pivoted into the primer magazine to secure the primer magazine.
• the gripping device When the control rod is retracted, the gripping device is closed and the primer magazine is secured in the holding device. If the control rod and thus also the link piece are pulled out again, the two gripper arms are pivoted out of the primer magazine due to the spring force and thus moved into the released position.
• the link piece can be arranged at the end of the control rod and, with regard to the control rod, opposite the drive.
• the gripper arms can be transferred into the safety position by moving the wider section between the gripper arms.
• the wider section can be arranged in front of the narrower section in the direction of movement of the guide piece for securing the primer magazine.
• the guide piece can taper in the direction of the holding device.
• the guide piece can have a conical or trapezoidal geometry for this purpose.
• the gripper arms can rest against the guide piece at their ends for movement between the safety position and the release position and can slide off the guide piece during movement.
• the gripper arms each have at least one roller that can roll on the guide piece when the control rod moves.
• the rollers allow for smooth movement of the control rod or the The guide piece can be moved into the area between the two gripper arms. This prevents frictional forces and large actuating forces that would otherwise be required to move the control rod or the guide piece.
• the holding device has a receiving area for receiving a primary magazine.
• the receiving area can have two opposite side areas, wherein the side areas each have a recess and wherein the gripping arms extend at least partially through the recesses into the receiving area in the securing position.
• the gripping arms or the hook sections can thus be arranged outside the receiving area in the unlocked position and then pivoted into the receiving area to secure a primer magazine.
• the holding device can be adapted to the primary magazine so that the primary magazine is reliably arranged in the holding device and then immovably secured in the holding device by the gripping arms and can thus be moved together with the holding device.
• only the hook sections of the gripping arms extend into the receiving area and into the contour of the primer magazine in order to secure it in the holding device.
• a bolt actuation is provided for selectively locking and unlocking a primer magazine lock.
• the primer magazine lock can be arranged on the weapon side, in particular in the area of the primer magazine slot, in order to fix the primer magazine in the primer magazine slot.
• an inserted primer magazine can no longer be pulled out of the primer magazine slot.
• the primer magazine lock must be unlocked. Only then can the primer magazine be pulled out of the primer magazine slot. Once a new primer magazine has been inserted into the primer magazine slot, the primer magazine can be relocked using the primer magazine lock to prevent it from being pulled out and thus accidentally falling out.
• the bolt actuation it has proven advantageous if it has an actuating element, wherein the actuating element has an actuating interface for actuating the primer magazine lock.
• a correspondingly designed interface on the primer magazine lock side can be actuated via the actuating interface in order to thereby lock or unlock the lock.
• the actuating element can be rotatable for actuation.
• the actuating interface can be designed as a slot or a slot-shaped groove that interacts positively with the primer magazine lock and can thus lock or unlock it.
• the primer magazine lock can therefore have a correspondingly designed interface, for example in the manner of a projecting pin, in particular with a rectangular base area.
• the actuating element can thus have a head section and a cylinder section.
• the interface can be arranged on the head section, and the head section can have a larger diameter than the cylinder section, so that a shoulder can be arranged between the head section and the cylinder section.
• the head section and the cylinder section can be connected to one another in one piece, and via a rotary movement of the cylinder section, the head section can be used to actuate the
• the primer magazine lock can be rotated back and forth.
• the head section can essentially be inserted like a key onto the interface on the primer magazine lock side, then locking or unlocking it.
• the actuating element for actuating the primer magazine lock can be rotated about an actuating axis via a drive.
• the drive can be pneumatically operated and can be coupled to a pneumatic network of the vehicle.
• the actuating element can be rotatably mounted but axially immobile, whereby the rotational axis of the actuating element can correspond to the actuating axis.
• the drive is coupled to a linearly movable drive rod.
• the drive rod can be extended and retracted via the drive.
• the drive rod can be coupled to a guide carriage, which can thus move it linearly along the actuating axis.
• the guide carriage can be used to rotate the actuating element around the actuating axis during a linear movement.
• the guide carriage has a bore through which the actuating element can extend.
• the bore can be arranged concentrically to the actuating axis, and the actuating element can thus extend as centrally as possible through the guide carriage.
• the guide carriage can thus serve as a type of bearing for the actuating element. function and the cylinder section can be arranged at least partially in the guide carriage or extend through it.
• the guide carriage can be moved back and forth between two holding elements that act as stops.
• the holding elements can extend transversely to the actuating axis, and the guide carriage can thus be moved back and forth between the two stops.
• the actuating element can be in the locked position, and when the carriage rests against the other stop, the actuating element can be in the unlocked position.
• the two holding elements can be plate-shaped and arranged essentially parallel to one another.
• the guide carriage can also be plate-shaped and rest almost completely against the holding elements in both end positions.
• two guide struts arranged parallel to the actuating element can be provided, which can extend between the two holding elements.
• These guide struts allow the two holding elements to be arranged at a fixed distance from one another.
• the guide struts can extend through the guide carriage, and the guide block can slide along the two guide struts during movement. Furthermore, it is also possible to provide only one guide strut.
• the guide strut or struts can extend parallel to the actuating axis or the actuating element.
• the actuating element comprises a slotted guide in which a guide pin connected to the guide carriage is guided.
• the guide pin can be moved in a linear direction via the guide carriage.
• the guide pin can thus be firmly connected to the guide carriage.
• the slotted link can be arranged in the region of the cylindrical section of the actuating element.
• the guide pin can extend essentially vertically.
• the slotted link can be designed such that a linear movement of the guide pin leads to a rotary movement of the actuating element.
• the slotted link can thus, in interaction with the guide pin, form a type of gear with which a linear movement can be converted into a rotary movement.
• the slotted link can be designed as a spiral slotted link. When the guide carriage moves, the guide pin can slide in the slotted link and, due to its spiral shape, rotate the slotted link and thus also the actuating element about the actuating axis.
• the holding device can be pivoted back and forth about a pivot axis via a pivot arm between a first transfer position for transferring a primer magazine between the holding device and the primer magazine depot and a second transfer position for transferring the primer magazine between the holding device and the primer magazine insert.
• the pivot arm allows the holding device to be reliably moved toward both the primer magazine depot and the primer magazine insert in a structurally simple manner, so that in a subsequent step, a primer magazine can be transferred between the holding device and the primer magazine depot or between the holding device and the primer magazine insert.
• the swivel arm it has proven advantageous if it has a carriage that can be moved linearly between a change position and a movement position.
• the holding device and/or the gripping device and/or the closure actuation can be arranged on the carriage.
• the carriage can be used to move all the components mounted on the carriage or connected to the carriage. arranged components.
• the bolt actuation and the gripping device as well as the holding device can be moved back and forth together via the carriage in a linear direction between the change position and the movement position.
• the primer magazine can be transferred between the holding device and the primer magazine depot or the primer magazine insert.
• the primer magazine insert can also be optionally locked or unlocked via the bolt actuation, as explained above.
• the carriage In the movement position, the carriage can be retracted compared to the change position. In this position, the swivel arm can be swiveled back and forth between different transfer positions.
• the gripping device and/or the bolt actuation are arranged on the underside of the slide.
• the slide can be arranged as close as possible to the roof of the vehicle's turret in a parked position. Since very little space is available on the top side of the slide, it is advantageous if the gripping device and/or the bolt actuation are arranged on the underside of the slide.
• the gripping device and/or the bolt actuation can be arranged between two supports of the slide.
• the bolt actuation is advantageously arranged above the gripping device, which is related to the arrangement of the primer magazine lock on the primer magazine.
• a primer magazine interchangeable assembly with a primer magazine depot in which primer magazines can be accommodated, each containing a plurality of primers, wherein the primer magazines can be inserted into a primer magazine slot of a weapon and wherein a propellant charge located in the weapon barrel is ignited via a primer and with a primer magazine changing device that can be configured as described above.
• a vehicle in particular a military land vehicle, wherein the vehicle has a vehicle hull and a turret rotatably mounted relative to the vehicle hull, wherein a primary magazine changing device is arranged in the turret, which can be designed in the manner described above.
• a primary magazine changing assembly can also be provided, which can also be designed in the manner described above.
• the primer magazine changing device or the primer magazine changing assembly can be used to exchange the primer magazines, i.e., to remove an empty primer magazine from the primer magazine slot, transfer the empty primer magazine to the primer magazine depot, remove a full primer magazine from the primer magazine depot, and transfer the full primer magazine to the primer magazine slot, all completely automatically and without manual intervention.
• the representations of the Fig. 1a to 1c show a perspective side view of a military land vehicle 10 with a vehicle hull 11 and a turret 12 arranged to rotate relative to the vehicle hull 11.
• the turret 12 carries a large-caliber weapon 13, and to allow a view into the interior of the turret 12, the roof 12.1 of the turret 12 and the rear wall 12.2 of the turret 12 have been partially removed.
• the weapon 13 is mounted on the turret 12 so that it can be directed in elevation about an elevation axis.
• the turret 12 is mounted on the vehicle hull 11 so that it can be rotated about an azimuth axis, so that the weapon 13 can be directed in azimuth by rotating the turret 12.
• a propellant charge depot 15, in which several propellant charges are stored, is arranged on a side wall of the turret 12.
• a projectile depot 16 is arranged in the turret 12, which is particularly shown in the illustrations of the Fig. 1a and 1b can be seen.
• a loading device (not explicitly shown) allows projectiles and propellant charges to be alternately loaded and fired fully automatically in the weapon barrel 13.1.
• a rear hatch 12.3 located in the rear wall 12.2 of the turret 12 provides access to the turret 12 from the outside, and the propellant charge depot 15 and projectile depot 16 can be reloaded through this rear hatch 12.3.
• a primer magazine changing assembly 1 consisting of a primer magazine changing device 2 and a primer magazine depot 8 is arranged in the turret 12.
• the primer magazine changing device 2 is suspended in the roof area of the turret 12, so that below the Primer magazine changing device 2 provides sufficient space for aiming the weapon 13 in a large elevation angle range and also sufficient space for the recoil of the weapon 13.
• the primer magazine depot 8 is shown in the illustrations of the Fig. 1a to 1c not explicitly visible, but this is arranged in the direction of travel F behind the primer magazine changing device 2 and is also attached in the roof area.
• Weapon 13 is depicted in the Fig. 1d can be seen in a detailed view.
• the weapon 13 is suspended in elevation in the turret 12 via cylindrical bolts projecting laterally at the rear.
• the propellant charges and projectiles described above are inserted into the weapon barrel 13.1 from the rear.
• the propellant charge can be ignited, accelerating the projectile toward the muzzle of the weapon barrel 13.1.
• primers are used which are arranged in a primer magazine 9.
• the weapon 13 has a primer magazine slot 14.1 in the rear part in the area of the weapon breech 14, which in the illustration of the Fig. 1e can be seen.
• a primer magazine 9 can be inserted from above into this primer magazine slot 14.1.
• a primer magazine 9 can be seen fully inserted into the primer magazine slot 14.1.
• a primer located in the primer magazine 9 can be used to ignite the propellant charge, and because of the multiple primers located in the primer magazine 9, the same magazine can be used for a multitude of shots. This means that it is not necessary to change the primer magazine 9 after each shot.
• the primer magazine 9 can be removed from the primer magazine slot 14.1 via the primer magazine changing device 2 and replaced with a new primer magazine 9.
• the empty primer magazine 9 is then moved into the primer magazine depot 8 via the primer magazine changing device 2 and stored there.
• a full primer magazine can then be removed from the primer magazine depot 8 and moved to the weapon 13 via the primer magazine changing device 2 and inserted into the primer magazine slot 14.1.
• This changing process can be carried out automatically by the primer magazine changing device 2, and no manual intervention is required. Thus, the entire loading and firing process can be carried out completely automatically and without manual intervention.
• a guide 14.2 is provided, which is shown in the lower illustration of the Fig. 1e can be seen.
• the breech 14 also has a primer magazine lock 14.3, which prevents the primer magazine 9 from accidentally slipping out of the primer magazine slot 14.1, which could happen due to the high vibrations in the turret 12 during firing or, in some cases, during rapid and jerky vehicle movements. Therefore, before each replacement of a primer magazine 9, the primer magazine lock 14.3 must first be released or unlocked and then locked again after inserting a new primer magazine 9. This locking and unlocking of the primer magazine lock 14.3 can also be performed automatically by the primer magazine changing device 2.
• the primer magazine 9 is shown in the illustration of the Fig. 8 shown in a perspective side view.
• the primer magazine 9 is essentially box-shaped and offers sufficient space inside to hold a large number of individual primers.
• the primer magazine 9 has a locking groove 9.4 in the upper area, which is particularly visible in the right-hand illustration of the Fig. 8 can be seen.
• the primer magazine lock 14.3 can engage in this locking groove 9.4 and thus positively secure the primer magazine 9 in the bolt 14 or in the primer magazine slot 14.1.
• the primer magazine 9 is equipped with guide grooves 9.3 on the side, which are arranged correspondingly to the guide 14.2 or the guides 14.2 of the bolt 14.
• the guides 14.2 and the guide grooves 9.3 thus ensure that the primer magazine 9 can slide straight into the bolt 14 or into the primer magazine holder 14.1 and does not become jammed.
• the representation of the Fig. 2 shows first the primer magazine changing device 2 in a parking position P, in which the pivot arm 3, explained in more detail below, is arranged parallel to the roof 12.1 of the turret 12 and is locked to the roof 12.1 of the turret 12 via a fixing device 7.
• this parking position P there is sufficient space below the primer magazine changing device 2 to align the weapon 13 in elevation so that the weapon 13 can return unhindered when a shot is fired.
• the primer magazine changing device 2 is therefore in this parking position P during normal operation of the weapon 13 and is only used when the primer magazine 9 located in the breech 14 of the weapon 13 no longer contains any primers and must be replaced with a filled primer magazine 9.
• the individual components of the primer magazine changing device 2 as well as the primer magazine depot 8 are shown in the exploded view of the Fig. 3
• the primer magazine changing device 2 essentially consists of a pivot arm 3, a holding device 5 arranged on the pivot arm 3, a gripping device 5.1, a closure actuation 6 and a pivot drive 4, via which the pivot arm 3 and all components arranged on the pivot arm 3 can be pivoted back and forth together about the pivot axis A in order to move primer magazines 9 back and forth between the primer magazine depot 8 and the primer magazine insert 14.1.
• the swivel drive 4 initially has an electric motor 4.1, which is connected to the on-board electrical system of the vehicle 10 and which is supplied with electrical energy via this.
• the electric motor 4.1 is coupled to the swivel arm 3 via a gear 4.2, described in more detail below, so that the swivel arm 3 can be swiveled back and forth about the swivel axis A via the electric motor 4.1.
• the electric motor 4.1 and the gear 4.2 are arranged horizontally, so that the entire swivel drive 4 is designed to be as flat as possible and is arranged very close to the roof 12.1 of the tower 12, requiring very little space inside the tower 12.
• the gear 4.2 consists of several meshing pinions and gears.
• the electric motor 4.1 initially drives the drive pinion 4.21, which, for example, is shown in the illustration of the Fig. 4c
• This drive pinion 4.21 meshes with a partial gear 4.22, which has a center angle of approximately 120 and is therefore only about a third as large as a full gear.
• This partial gear 4.22 is mounted on a common shaft with the smaller
• the gear 4.23 is arranged on a gear ring, so that the partial gear 4.22 and the gear 2.23 rotate in the same direction.
• the gear 2.23 meshes with an output pinion 4.24, which is arranged on the output shaft 4.3.
• the swivel arm 3 shown in more detail is arranged in a rotationally fixed manner, so that a rotational movement of the output shaft 4.3 leads to a corresponding swivel movement of the swivel arm 3.
• the swivel axis A of the swivel arm 3 corresponds to the longitudinal or symmetry axis of the output shaft 4.3.
• the various gears and pinions are arranged in a common gear housing 4.4, which essentially consists of two vertically and parallel plates and a cover plate connecting the two plates.
• the individual gears and pinions are each rotatably mounted in the two plates, and the gear housing 4.4, and thus the entire swivel drive 4, is attached to the inside of the roof 12.1 of the tower 12 via the cover plate.
• the pivot arm 3 initially has two parallel, beam-shaped supports 3.4, each of which has a shaft bore 3.6 at its rear end, through which the output pinion 4.24 can extend.
• the two supports 3.4 are then attached to the outer sides of the two plates of the gear housing 4.4, so that the gear housing 4.4 extends a little way between the two supports 3.4, as is particularly shown in the illustration of the Fig. 2 can be seen.
• the pivot arm 3 must be moved via the pivot drive 4 into a position in which the two stops 3.5 rest against the weapon 13. This is because only in this fixed transfer position U2 is a transfer of a primer magazine 9 between the primer magazine changing device 2 and the bolt 14 or the primer magazine slot 14.1 possible.
• the two supports 3.4 On their upper side, the two supports 3.4 have a slide guide 3.8, which allows a slide 3.3 to move in the linear direction L along the supports.
• the slide 3.3 is supported on the upper side of the supports via the slide guide 3.8.
• the slide 3.3 is plate-shaped and can be moved back and forth in the direction L via a drive 3.1.
• the drive 3.1 is also mounted on one of the supports 3.4 and is therefore moved during a pivoting movement around the pivot axis A.
• the shaft driven by drive 3.1 extends transversely to direction L and thus also transversely to the main extension direction of the two supports 3.4.
• a pinion 3.2 is mounted on the shaft in a rotationally fixed manner and can be rotated back and forth via drive 3.1.
• the pinion 3.2 meshes with a rack 3.9 connected to the carriage 3.3, so that rotation of the pinion 3.2 allows the carriage 3.3 to be moved back and forth in direction L.
• the carriage 3.3 slides along the upper side of the two supports 3.4 or on the carriage guide 3.8.
• the top side 3.31 of the slide 3.3 which is shown in the illustration of the Fig. 5a can be seen, is largely flat, so that in the parking position P arranged parallel to the roof 12.1 of the turret 12 and the entire pivot arm 3 can be brought as close as possible to the roof 12.1.
• the underside 3.32 of the carriage 3.3 which is located between the two supports 3.4, is designed as a mounting surface 3.7, and on this surface are arranged the holding device 5, the gripping device 5.1, and the locking actuation 6, described in more detail below, which can be moved back and forth as a unit in the linear direction L relative to the two supports 3.4 during a linear movement of the carriage 3.3.
• the holding device 5 initially serves to hold the primer magazine 9 so that it can be pivoted together with the pivot arm 3 about the pivot axis A and moved together with the carriage 3.3 in the linear direction L.
• the holding device 5 is arranged in the front area of the underside 3.32 of the carriage 3.3 and protrudes forward relative to the carriage 3.3 so that the holding device 5 can be brought into contact with the primer magazine 9 to be held.
• the structural design of the holding device 5 is shown, for example, in the illustrations of Fig. 6a and 6b
• the representation of the Fig. 6a shows the holding device 5 from below, i.e. from a view towards the underside 3.32 of the carriage 3.3.
• the holding device 5 has four areas forming a box-shaped receiving area 5.08, namely a lower area 5.01, a parallel upper area 5.04 and two side areas 5.02 arranged parallel to one another and perpendicular to the other areas 5.01, 5.04. These four areas 5.01, 5.02, 5.04 rest circumferentially against the primer magazine 9 so that the latter cannot tilt in the holding device 5.
• the holding device 5 is short compared to the primer magazine 9 and only accommodates the rear part of the primer magazine 9.
• the lower area 5.01 is significantly shorter than the upper area to minimize the required installation space.
• Area 5.04 as shown in the illustration of the Fig. 6a can be seen.
• the two side areas 5.02 therefore have an L-shaped contour.
• retaining pads 5.06 which prevent direct contact between areas 5.01, 5.02, and 5.04, which could potentially damage the surface of the primer magazine 9.
• the retaining pads 5.06 have bevels 5.07, which allow for centering of the primer magazine 9 to be accommodated. This prevents collisions if the retaining device 5 or the primer magazine 9 are not precisely aligned during insertion.
• the upper area 5.04 has a guide 5.05 designed as an elongated hole, which corresponds to the one shown in the illustration of the Fig. 8 , which can be seen.
• the guide pin 9.1 is inserted into the guide 5.05 and thus ensures reliable relative movement between the holding device 5 and the primer magazine 9.
• a gripping device 5.1 The gripping device 5.1 is shown in the illustration of Fig. 6a but especially in the presentation of the Fig.
• the two opposing side regions 5.02 of the holding device 5 each have a substantially slot-shaped recess 5.03 through which the hook sections 5.9 of the gripping device 5.1, explained in more detail below, can be pivoted into the receiving region 5.08 of the holding device 5 and thus also into the contour of the primer magazine 9 in order to positively secure the primer magazine 9 in the holding device 5.
• the gripping device 5.1 initially has two gripping arms 5.3 which are pivotally mounted on the holding device 5 around the pivot points 5.4 and which can be moved between a securing position S, which is shown in the right-hand illustration of the Fig. 6c shown, and a release position E, which is shown in the left illustration of the Fig. 6c shown, can be pivoted back and forth.
• the gripping arms 5.3 are each equipped with a hook section 5.9 at their ends, which face each other.
• the two hook sections 5.9 can be pivoted selectively into the receiving area 5.08 to secure the primer magazine 9.
• a drive 5.2 is provided to pivot the hook sections 5.9 or the gripping arms 5.3 around the pivot points 5.4.
• This drive 5.2 is a pneumatic drive that is connected to the pneumatic network of the vehicle 10 and is mounted on the underside of the carriage 3.3, as can be seen from a comparison of the illustrations of the Fig. 6a and 5b can be seen.
• a control rod 5.8 can be moved in a linear direction via the drive 5.2.
• the control rod 5.8 is connected to a link piece 5.6, which has a wider section 5.61 and a narrower section 5.62, as can be seen from the illustration of the Fig. 6c
• the gripper arms 5.3 are each provided with a roller 5.5 in the rear area, which is mounted on the guide piece 5.6 In the representation of the Fig.
• a spring 5.7 can be seen, which preloads the two gripping arms 5.3 into the release position E and thus compresses the two rear ends of the gripping arms 5.3, which are equipped with rollers 5.5.
• the spring 5.7 presses the two rollers 5.5 against the guide piece 5.6, which leads to a pivoting movement of the gripping arms 5.3 around the respective pivot points 5.4 with a linear movement of the control rod 5.8 or the guide piece 5.6.
• the rollers 5.5 in the narrower section 5.62 rest against the guide piece 5.6.
• the distance between the two rollers 5.5 is therefore comparatively small and the two gripping arms 5.3 are in the release position E, in which the two hook sections 5.9 arranged on the opposite side of the pivot points 5.4 are pivoted out of the receiving area 5.08.
• the guide piece 5.6 is now moved in a linear direction via the control rod 5.8, the two rollers 5.5 roll on the guide piece 5.6 and are pressed apart due to the wider section 5.61.
• the spring 5.7 is thereby tensioned.
• the front sections of the gripper arms 5.3 with the hook sections 5.9 arranged thereon are moved towards each other and thus pivoted into the receiving area 5.08. If a primer magazine 9 is located in the receiving area 5.08 or in the holding device 5, the two hook sections 5.9 can engage in the lateral guide grooves 9.3 of the primer magazine 9 and thus secure the primer magazine 9 in the holding device 5.
• the guide piece 5.6 must be moved in the opposite direction and in this respect, a portion is pulled out from the area between the two gripper arms 5.3.
• the rollers 5.5 roll on the guide piece 5.6 until they reach the narrower section 5.62.
• the two hook sections 5.9 are then pivoted out of the receiving area 5.08 of the holding device 5, and the primer magazine 9 is released.
• the pincer-like gripper device 5.1 can be opened and closed selectively and automatically without manual intervention.
• the shutter actuation 6 serves to activate the shutter mechanism shown in the Fig. 1e
• the primer magazine lock 14.3 can be locked or unlocked.
• the primer magazine lock 14.3 essentially functions like a cam lock, where a cam can selectively engage behind an element to be secured by turning.
• the primer magazine lock 14.3 has an interface for rotation, which includes a comparatively narrow projection in the manner of a spring, as can be seen from the illustration of the Fig. 1e can be seen.
• the primer magazine lock 14.3 Before changing a primer magazine 9, the primer magazine lock 14.3 must first be moved from the locked position to the unlocked position. To realize a corresponding rotational movement, the bolt actuation 6 has a rotatable actuating element 6.2.
• This actuating element 6.2 has a slot-shaped actuating interface 6.3, which in the illustration of the Fig. 6d
• This actuation interface 6.3 is geometrically adapted to the interface of the primer magazine lock 14.3, because the actuation interface 6.3 has a slot-shaped groove into which the projecting spring of the primer magazine lock-side interface fits in.
• the primer magazine lock 14.3 can be locked or unlocked by turning the actuating element 6.2.
• the locking mechanism 6 initially has a pneumatic drive 6.1, so that locking and unlocking can be carried out automatically and without manual intervention.
• the pneumatic drive 6.1 can be coupled to the pneumatic network of the vehicle 10.
• the drive 6.1 is designed as a linear drive and has a drive rod 6.7 that can be moved back and forth in a linear direction along an actuation axis G, which is particularly evident in the sectional view of the Fig. 6d can be seen.
• the drive rod 6.7 is coupled at the front end to a guide carriage 6.4, so that the carriage can be moved in a linear direction via the drive 6.1.
• the guide carriage 6.4 which is designed as a plate, can be moved back and forth between the holding elements 6.8, which act as stops, whereby the guide carriage 6.4 is arranged in the locking position on one holding element 6.8 and in the unlocking position on the other holding element 6.8. This can also be seen, for example, from the two shown in the illustration of the Fig. 6d shown positions are visible.
• the two holding elements 6.8 are plate-shaped and extend transversely to the direction of movement of the guide carriage 6.4.
• the two holding elements 6.8 are connected to each other via two guide struts 6.5, with the two guide struts 6.5 extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the actuating element 6.2 and thus also parallel to the direction of movement of the guide carriage 6.4.
• the guide struts 6.5 also perform a guiding function. They extend through the guide carriage 6.4, which is linearly guided on the two guide struts 6.5, similar to a crab.
• the actual actuating element 6.2 has a helical geometry and comprises a head section 6.21 and a cylinder section 6.22.
• the head section 6.21 comprises the actuating interface 6.3, which is integrally connected to the cylinder section 6.22.
• the cylinder section 6.22 is rotatably mounted in at least the front of the two holding elements 6.8.
• the actuating element 6.2 is immobile in the axial direction with respect to the actuating axis G, i.e., in the longitudinal direction of the actuating element 6.2, and can thus only be rotated about its longitudinal axis.
• the guide carriage 6.4 is coupled to the cylinder section 6.22.
• the cylinder section 6.22 has a spiral-shaped link 6.6 in which a guide pin 6.9 is arranged, which is coupled in the vertical direction and to the guide carriage 6.4.
• the link 6.6 extends spirally around the actuating axis G.
• the guide pin 6.9 can be moved in a linear direction via the guide carriage 6.4.
• the cylinder section 6.22 and thus the entire actuating element 6.2 is rotated during a linear movement of the guide carriage 6.4.
• the actuating element 6.2 rotates in a first direction
• the actuating element 6.2 also rotates in the opposite direction.
• the primer magazine lock 14.3 can be locked or unlocked automatically via the drive 6.1.
• the closure actuation 6 Since the closure actuation 6 is arranged on the holding device 5, it can be moved linearly back and forth together with the holding device 5 via a movement of the slide 3.3.
• the holding device 5 has a circular segment-shaped recess 5.09, which, for example, in the representation of the Fig. 6b This recess 5.09 is adapted to the circular or cylindrical geometry of the head section 6.21 of the locking mechanism 6, so that the locking mechanism 6 and the holding device 5 can be mounted very compactly.
• the shutter actuation 6 In the illustration of the Fig. 6a
• the shutter actuation 6 is moved a little away from the holding device 5. In the mounted position, however, the shutter actuation 6 protrudes as shown in the Fig. 6b from below into the contour of the holding device 5. This is also shown in the illustration of the Fig. 5b to recognize.
• the primer magazine depot 8 initially has two depot registers 8.4 arranged next to each other at a distance from each other.
• These depot registers 8.4 are of shaft-shaped geometry and essentially consist of two plates extending parallel to each other, between which one or more receiving locations 8.1 are arranged, each for receiving a primer magazine 9.
• the right depot register 8.4 has two storage locations 8.1 and the left depot register 8.1 only has one storage location 8.1.
• each receiving location 8.1 is assigned a primer magazine holder 8.2, which has laterally projecting guide rails 8.7. These guide rails 8.7 ensure that the primer magazines 9 can be inserted axially into the holders 8.2 and cannot tilt in the holders.
• the right-hand depot register 8.4 has two holders 8.2 arranged one above the other with corresponding guide rails 8.7, so that in this depot register 8.4, two primer magazines 9 can be arranged one above the other and stored. In the other depot register 8.4, however, only the upper A holder 8.2 with corresponding guide rails 8.7 is arranged in this area, and an empty space 8.5 is provided below this holder 8.2 or this receiving space 8.1. Therefore, only a single primer magazine 9 can be stored in the left-hand depot register 8.4.
• the empty space 8.5 provides sufficient space below the upper holder 8.2 or below the primer magazine 9 located in the receiving space 8.1, for example, for parts of a loading device or a rammer, via which projectiles and/or propellant charges can be inserted into the weapon barrel 13.1 from the rear.
• the two depot registers 8.4 are arranged on two essentially horizontally extending rail-like guides 8.3. On their outer sides, the depot registers 8.4 are connected to pneumatic drives 8.6, via which the depot registers 8.4 can be moved back and forth along the guides 8.3.
• the corresponding depot register 8.4 In order to transfer a primer magazine 9 into a receiving location 8.1 of a depot register 8.4, the corresponding depot register 8.4 must first be removed from the position shown in the illustration of the Fig. 7 shown storage position B into a transfer position T, which, for example, in the representation of the Fig. 10e can be seen and will be discussed in more detail below.
• the primer magazines 9 are secured in the depot registers 8.4 so that they cannot accidentally fall out of the depot registers 8.4.
• each depot register 8.4 is provided with a rear guide 8.8.
• the rear guides 8.8 are essentially fixed and thus immovable plate-shaped elements, to which the The primer magazines 9 inserted into the depot register 8.4 can rest against the rear.
• the respective primer magazine depot 8 is first moved to the transfer position T.
• the primer magazine 9 can then be transferred in the insertion direction V into the selected depot register 8.4 or into the selected receiving location 8.1. In this inserted position, the primer magazine 9 is already secured or pre-locked to a certain extent, but is not yet sufficiently secured against accidental falling out.
• the primer magazine 9 is moved behind the fixed rear guide 8.8.
• the primer magazine 9 is thus essentially arranged between the rear guide 8.8 and the depot register 8.4 and can therefore no longer be moved in or against the insertion direction V.
• Fig. 10c shows that the primer magazine 9 rests on the rear side of the rear guide 8.8 and is therefore immobile.
• the side of the rear guide 8.8 facing the depot registers 8.4 is designed as a holding surface 8.91, against which the primer magazines 9 stored in the respective depot register 8.8 rest on the rear side, thus reliably preventing movement in the storage position B.
• the primer magazines 9 inserted into the primer magazine holders 8.2 are also pre-locked in the storage position B.
• the primer magazine holders 8.2 each have a link piece 8.21, which has a double-curved link, as can be seen from the illustration of the Fig. 10c can be seen.
• the protruding pin of a timing lever 9.2 enters the opening of the guide piece 8.21.
• the corresponding pin is mounted so that it can move against a spring, so that it is extended against the force of the spring when the primer magazine 9 moves in the insertion direction V.
• the primer magazine holders 8.2 of a depot register 8.4 arranged one above the other are not arranged parallel to each other, but rather are arranged radially and converging towards the pivot axis A. Accordingly, the rear guides 8.8 and the holding surfaces 8.81 are not straight, but as shown in the illustration of the Fig. 10b convexly curved. Thus, the insertion directions V are not parallel to each other, but rather intersect at the pivot axis A.
• the individual processes for the fully automatic exchange of an empty primer magazine 9 with a filled primer magazine 9 are described.
• the primer magazine changing device 2 is initially in the parking position P, in which the swivel arm 3 is locked via the fixing device 7 on the roof 12.1 of the turret 12, so that the swivel drive 4 in particular does not need to be re-clocked even after a longer period of time.
• the primer magazine 9 is secured in the primer magazine slot 14.1 and a primer from the primer magazine 9 can be used to ignite the propellant charges until the primer magazine 9 is empty.
• the empty primer magazine 9 In order to replace the empty primer magazine 9 with a new primer magazine 9, the empty primer magazine 9 must first be pulled out of the weapon-side primer magazine slot 14.1 and then stored in the primer magazine depot 8.
• the swivel arm 3 is first rotated by the swivel drive 4 about the swivel axis A from the park position into the position shown in the illustration of the Fig. 9b shown second transfer position U2. Therefore, the slide 3.3 and thus also the holding device 5 are in a movement position N, in which the slide 3.3 has been moved as close as possible to the pivot axis A.
• the drive 3.1 is activated and the slide 3.3 is moved from the movement position N into the change position W. Since the distance of the slide 3.3 in the change position W from the pivot axis A is greater than in the movement position N, the slide 3.3 is extended into the change position W. This position is shown in the illustration of the Fig. 9c to recognize.
• the holding device 5 engages the end of the primer magazine 9 and the closure actuation 6 or the actuation interface 6.3 is able to unlock the primer magazine lock 14.3, as already described above. Furthermore, in this position, the gripping arms 5.3 of the gripping device 5.1 or the end-side hook sections 5.9 are pivoted into the receiving area 5.08 in order to fix the primer magazine 9 in the holding device 5. Once the primer magazine 9 is then fixed accordingly in the holding device 5 and the primer magazine lock 14.3 has been unlocked, the carriage 3.3 can be retracted or moved from the change position W back into the Movement position N. The primer magazine 9 is then pulled out of the primer magazine slot 14.1 in a linear direction.
• the swivel arm 3 is moved via the swivel drive 4 into the first transfer position U1, which is shown in the illustration of the Fig. 9d can be seen.
• the depot register 8.4 in which the empty primer magazine 9 is to be stored, is moved from the storage position B towards the other depot register 8.4 into the transfer position T.
• the primer magazine 9 held in the holding device 5 is then in line with the primer magazine holder 8.2 of the depot register 8.4 in which the primer magazine 9 is to be stored.
• the slide 3.3 is then extended again and moved into the change position W.
• the holding device 5 is moved in the direction of the depot register 8.4 and the primer magazine 9 is inserted into the corresponding primer magazine holder 8.2 in the insertion direction V.
• the primary magazine 9 is inserted with one end into the primer magazine holder 8.2 of the depot register 8.4 and with its other end still in the holding device 5. This position is shown in the illustration of the Fig. 9f to recognize.
• the gripping device 5.1 is opened and the carriage 3.3 is then moved back to the movement position N.
• the holding device 5 slides off the primer magazine 9 and the pre-lock in the primer magazine depot 8 ensures that the primer magazine 9 does not move, but remains stuck in the holder 8.2 of the depot register 8.4.
• the depot register 8.4 into which the primer magazine 9 was transferred, would first have to be transferred back to the storage position B.
• the primer magazine 9 is now to be removed, which is arranged in the same depot register 8.4 below the primer magazine 9 stored in the primer magazine depot 8.
• the pivot arm 3 is first pivoted about the pivot axis A into the third transfer position U3.
• the holding device 5 is aligned with the lower holder 8.2 of the depot register 8.4, which also clarifies the reason for the radial alignment of the holders 8.2.
• the slide 3.3 is first extended back into the change position W.
• the holding device 5 is placed onto the primer magazine 9 from behind, and the guide pin 9.1 is inserted into the guide 5.05 designed as an elongated hole.
• the gripping device 5.1 is closed, and the primer magazine 9 can be pulled out of the primer magazine depot 8 by moving the slide 3.3 into the movement position N, opposite to the insertion direction V.
• the corresponding depot register 8.4 can then be moved into the storage position B, whereby the empty primer magazine 9 is moved behind the rear guide 8.8 and is thus then positively received in the primer magazine depot 8. This is shown in the illustration of the Fig. 10d to recognize.
• the holding device 5 slides off the primer magazine 9, and the latter remains in the breech 14 of the weapon 13. This position is shown in the illustration of the Fig. 9k
• the swivel arm 3 can be moved back into the parking position P and then re-secured to the roof 12.1 of the vehicle 10 or the turret 12 via the securing device 7.

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