Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
  • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
  • F01D17/10—Final actuators
  • F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
  • F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
  • F01D17/16—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes
  • F01D17/162—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes for axial flow, i.e. the vanes turning around axes which are essentially perpendicular to the rotor centre line
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
  • F02C9/16—Control of working fluid flow
  • F02C9/20—Control of working fluid flow by throttling; by adjusting vanes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F02K3/00—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan
  • F02K3/02—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber
  • F02K3/04—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low pressure outputs, for augmenting the jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type
  • F02K3/077—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low pressure outputs, for augmenting the jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type the plant being of the multiple flow type, i.e. having three or more flows
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2220/00—Application
  • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
  • F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
  • F05D2220/325—Application in turbines in gas turbines to drive unshrouded, high solidity propeller
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2220/00—Application
  • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
  • F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
  • F05D2220/327—Application in turbines in gas turbines to drive shrouded, high solidity propeller
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2220/00—Application
  • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
  • F05D2220/36—Application in turbines specially adapted for the fan of turbofan engines
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2250/00—Geometry
  • F05D2250/90—Variable geometry

Definitions

• an aircraft turbomachine comprises a gas generator comprising along a longitudinal axis at least one compressor, a combustion chamber, and at least one turbine.
• a stream of air enters the gas generator and is compressed in the compressor(s). This compressed air flow is mixed with fuel and burned in the combustion chamber then the combustion gases are expanded in the turbine(s). This expansion causes the turbine rotor(s) to rotate, which causes the compressor rotor(s) to rotate.
• the combustion gases are ejected by a nozzle to provide a thrust which can be added to a thrust provided by at least one ducted or non-ducted propeller or fan for propelling the turbomachine.
• the gas flows flow into the turbomachine through annular veins.
• the turbomachine 10 thus comprises coaxial annular walls, respectively internal 12 and external 14, extending one around the other and defining between them a main annular vein 16 for flow of a main gas flow 18.
• an annular separator 24 is arranged between the two walls 12, 14 and defines respectively with these walls 12, 14 two secondary annular veins, respectively internal 26 and external 28, for the flow of secondary gas flows 20, 22.
• This separator 24 comprises at one upstream end an annular nozzle 24a configured to split the main gas flow 18 into two and form the secondary gas flows 20, 22.
• a rotor blade 30 can extend radially through the main stream 16, therefore upstream of the separator 24.
• structural arms 32 can extend radially through the main vein 16 downstream of the rotor blade 30 and upstream of the separator 24.
• the term arm 32 or structural arm means a stator element which has a general aerodynamic shape in section such as that shown in Figure 1b, but which does not include an intrados or extrados. An arm 32 is therefore not comparable to a blade or blade which is profiled so as to include an intrados and an extrados.
• An arm 32 generally has symmetry with respect to a plane P passing through the axis of the turbomachine.
• the number of arms 32 is generally less than 10 and can be 4.
• At least one of the arms 32 can be hollow and tubular in the radial direction to be crossed by easements and thus serve for the passage of these easements in the motor through the veins.
• the stator blade 34 would comprise several blades distributed around the axis of the turbomachine. As mentioned in the above and illustrated in Figure 2b, each of these blades would have an aerodynamic section in section comprising an intrados 34a and an extrados 34b ( Figure 2b), therefore a non-symmetrical profile which is not the case of the arm 32 visible in Figure 1a.
• the stator blade 34 would extend radially through the main vein 16. In the case where the nozzle 24a is connected to the blades of the stator blade 34, these blades would include leading edges 36 located upstream of the nozzle 24a, in the main vein 16, and trailing edges, respectively internal 38a and external 38b, located in the internal 26 and external 28 veins.
• stator blade 34 would impose a particular direction on the gas flows 16, 20, 22.
• the addition of a vane with variable pitch downstream of the stator vane 34 can be complex. Indeed, this addition would require extending the axial dimension of the turbomachine, which would result in an increase in the mass of the turbomachine and a reduction in its performance.
• noise pollution it would also not be possible to bring the stator blade 34 axially closer to the rotor blade 30.
• variable cycle turbomachine means a turbomachine. whose specific thrust can be modified at a given engine speed, by controlling variable geometries of the turbomachine.
• An example of variable geometry is a variable-pitch stator blade.
• blade means an annular row of blades. The invention thus proposes to optimize a turbomachine as illustrated in Figure 2a so as to be able to use it in several configurations and in particular in the context of a turbomachine with several flows (at least two) and/or a variable cycle turbomachine.
• the present invention proposes a triple flow aircraft turbomachine, comprising a gas generator comprising along a longitudinal axis at least one compressor, a combustion chamber and at least one turbine, the turbomachine comprising in in addition: - two coaxial annular walls, respectively internal and external, extending one around the other and defining between them a main annular vein for the flow of a main air flow, - a rotor blade extending radially through said main vein and forming a ducted propeller, - an annular separator arranged downstream of the rotor blade and between the two walls, the separator defining respectively with the internal and external walls two secondary annular veins, respectively internal and external, for the flow of secondary air flows, respectively internal and external, the separator comprising at an upstream end an annular nozzle configured to separate the main air flow into two and form the flows of secondary air, - stator elements extending radially on the one hand through said main vein and on the other hand through said secondary veins, these stator elements being connected to said annul
• the present invention thus proposes to put both fixed rectifier vanes and variable-pitch rectifier vanes in place of the arms of Figure 1a or the stator vane of Figure 1b.
• the fixed and variable-pitch rectifier vanes are very close axially to each other or are axially embedded in each other so that they are considered as an assembly forming the stator elements within the meaning of the invention.
• the variable pitch rectifier vanes have their leading edges located upstream of the trailing edges of the fixed rectifier vanes, or the variable pitch rectifier vanes are separated by predetermined axial clearances, the lowest possible preferably, the trailing edges of the fixed straightener vanes.
• any configuration for the turbomachine can be seen.
• the term “annular” means a shape of revolution around an axis, this shape being able to be continuous or interrupted.
• the term "variable-adjustment" element means an element of which at least one part has a position which can be adjusted around an axis, which is called the alignment axis. The entirety of this element or only part of this element can be variable timing.
• a blade in one piece and have an adjustable position around a setting axis.
• it could include only one part, comprising for example a leading edge or a trailing edge, the position of which would be adjustable around a setting axis relative to the rest of the blade.
• each of the blades has an adjustable position around a setting axis which is specific to it.
• Each of these axes can have a radial or inclined orientation relative to the longitudinal axis of the turbomachine.
• the turbomachine may include one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in combination with each other: -- said clearances are less than 10mm, and preferably less than or equal to 5mm; -- said clearances are less than 10% of the chord of one of the fixed or variable pitch blades, and preferably less than or equal to 5% of this chord; -- said fixed straightener vanes comprise an intrados and an extrados, and said variable-pitch straightener vanes comprise an intrados and an extrados; - the number of said variable-pitch rectifier vanes is greater than or equal to the number of said fixed rectifier vanes; - said variable-pitch rectifier vanes are located in said internal secondary vein; - the trailing edges of said variable-pitch rectifier vanes are located downstream of the external trailing edges of the fixed rectifier vanes; -- the turbomachine further comprises a system for controlling the angular pitch of the variable-pitch rectifier blades, this system being mounted in said separator; - the turbomachine further comprises a system for controlling the
• FIG.1a Figure 1a is a very half view schematic in axial section of an aircraft turbomachine, according to the technique prior to the invention
• Figure 1b Figure 1b is a very schematic cross-sectional view of an arm of the turbomachine of Figure 1a
• Figure 2a is a very schematic half view in axial section of a part of an aircraft turbomachine
• Figure 2b is a very schematic cross-sectional view of a stator blade of the turbomachine of Figure 2a
• Figure 3a Figure 3a is a very schematic half view in axial section of an aircraft turbomachine, according to a first embodiment of the invention
• Figure 3b Figure 3b is a very schematic cross-
• the turbomachine 10 is of the triple flow type and conventionally comprises a gas generator 2 comprising along a longitudinal axis combustion and at least one turbine.
• the turbomachine also includes a ducted propeller or fan denoted H1 and a non-ducted propeller or fan denoted H2.
• the propeller H1 is surrounded by a nacelle 4 which extends around the axis X downstream of the propeller H2.
• the air flow which passes through the propeller H2 is separated by the nacelle 4 into a main flow F2 which enters the nacelle 4 and into another flow F3 which flows around the nacelle 4.
• the turbomachine 10 comprises two coaxial annular walls, respectively internal 12 and external 14, extending one around the other and defining between them a main annular vein 16 d flow of a main gas flow 18.
• the main gas flow 18 is divided into two secondary gas flows, respectively internal 20 and external 22, by an annular separator 24 which is arranged between the two walls 12, 14.
• This separator 24 comprises at one upstream end an annular nozzle 24a configured to separate the main gas flow 18 into two and form the secondary gas flows 20, 22.
• a rotor blade 30 extends radially through the main stream 16, in upstream of the separator 24.
• this rotor blade 30 forms the ducted propeller H1.
• Stator elements 40 are located downstream of the rotor blade 30 and at the level of the separation nose 24a.
• these stator elements 40 comprise fixed rectifier vanes 42 and variable-pitch rectifier vanes 44.
• the fixed vanes 42 are distributed around the axis and each have a leading edge 42a located upstream of the nozzle 24a, and the trailing edges, respectively internal 42b and external 42c, located respectively in the internal secondary veins 26 and external 28. It is thus understood that the fixed vanes 42 are connected to the nozzle 24a, as is visible in the drawing .
• the leading edges 42a can be inclined and extend from upstream to downstream outwards.
• each of the fixed blades 42 has an aerodynamic profile and includes an intrados 46 (of concave curved shape) and an extrados 48 (of convex curved shape). Furthermore, each of the fixed blades 42 has a certain curvature along its chord. We designate by C the zone of greatest curvature of a fixed blade 42. This zone is preferably located upstream of the nozzle 24a.
• the fixed vanes 42 are preferably all identical. Their leading edges 42a are preferably crossed by the same transverse plane.
• the number of fixed blades 42 is for example between 10 and 200.
• the variable pitch blades 44 are distributed around the axis in the internal secondary vein 26 only.
• the variable pitch blades 44 each have a leading edge 44a located downstream of the nozzle 24a, and a trailing edge 44b located in the internal secondary vein 26.
• Figure 3b shows that each of the variable pitch blades 44 has a profile aerodynamic and includes an intrados 46 (of concave curved shape) and an extrados 48 (of convex curved shape). Furthermore, each of the variable pitch blades 44 has a certain curvature along its chord.
• the number of variable pitch blades 44 is equal to the number of fixed blades 42 and the variable pitch blades 44 are located directly downstream of the fixed blades 42 and in the axial extension thereof.
• the leading edges 44a of the variable pitch blades 44 are separated by predetermined axial clearances J from the trailing edges 42b of the fixed blades 42.
• these clearances J are less than 10mm and more preferably less than or equal to 5mm.
• these clearances J are less than 10% of the chord of a blade 42 or a blade 44, and more preferably less than or equal to 5% of this chord.
• Each of these games J is preferably constant over the entire radial extent of the edges 42b, 44a concerned and therefore of the internal vein 26.
• variable pitch blades 44 are preferably all identical. Their leading edges 44a are preferably in the same transverse plane or crossed by the same transverse plane.
• the number of variable-pitch blades 44 is for example between 10 and 200.
• Each of the variable-pitch blades 44 is movable in rotation around a pitch axis Y which has a substantially radial orientation. The rotation of each of the variable pitch blades 44 is obtained thanks to a control system 50 which is here located in the separator 24.
• Figure 3b shows on the left a first angular or pitch position of the variable pitch blades 44 and on the right a second angular or wedging position of these blades.
• variable pitch blades 44 can for example be moved over angular ranges of the order of 60° around their axes Y.
• Figures 4a and 4b illustrate a second embodiment of the invention which differs from the previous embodiment essentially in that the number of variable pitch blades 44 is different from the number of fixed blades 42 and is here greater than the number of fixed blades 42. In this variant, there are twice as many variable pitch blades 44 than fixed blades 42. We therefore understand that the circumferential pitch between the fixed blades 42 is twice as large as the circumferential pitch between the variable pitch blades 44.
• the number of fixed blades 42 is equal to a multiple of the number of variable pitch blades 44, which is different from 2 and which is for example 3, 4, etc.
• variable pitch blades 44 extends downstream and in the axial extension of the fixed blades 42, as is the case in the embodiment of Figures 3a and 3b.
• the other half of the variable pitch blades 44 is inserted between the fixed blades 42 and therefore do not extend in the extension of fixed blades 42.
• the variable pitch blades 44 are preferably all identical. Their leading edges 44a are preferably located in the same transverse plane or crossed by the same transverse plane, as is the case of the fixed blades 42.
• Figures 5a and 5b illustrate a third embodiment of the invention which differs from the first embodiment essentially by the positioning of the variable-pitch vanes 44 relative to the fixed vanes 42.
• variable-pitch vanes 44 are interposed axially between the fixed vanes 42 and are arranged between these vanes 42.
• the variable-pitch vanes 44 are not located in the axial extension of the fixed blades 42 but are on the contrary angularly offset by half a step relative to the axis of the turbomachine and are therefore each located halfway between two fixed blades 42.
• the leading edges 44a of the variable pitch blades 44 are located upstream of the trailing edges 42b of the fixed blades 42.
• the trailing edges 44b of the variable pitch blades 44 are located downstream of the trailing edges 42b of the fixed blades.
• the nesting distance of the variable pitch blades 44 between the fixed blades 42 is denoted W and can be estimated as a percentage of chord of one of the blades 42 or one of the blades 44.
• this distance W is greater than 10% of the chord of a blade 42 or a blade 44, and more preferably greater than or equal to 20% of this chord.
• Figure 6 illustrates a fourth embodiment of the invention which differs from the first embodiment essentially in that the control system 50 is here located radially outside the external wall 14. This is advantageous because it makes it possible to locate this system in a relatively cold environment compared to the high temperatures that may prevail in the gas generator. Furthermore, this environment is not very constrained and contains free spaces to accommodate this type of system.
• This system 50 is connected to the variable pitch blades 44 and passes through the fixed blades 42 for this purpose.
• These blades 42 can thus be extended in the axial direction and include an internal passage extending in the radial direction through the external vein 28 to allow the assembly of the system 50 and its connection to the variable pitch blades 44. It is therefore understood that the trailing edges 42c of the fixed blades 42 can be located downstream of the trailing edges 42b of these blades.
• Figure 7 illustrates a fifth embodiment of the invention which differs from the first embodiment by the position of the variable pitch blades 44.
• the variable pitch blades 44 are distributed around the axis in the external secondary vein 28 only .
• variable pitch blades 44 each have a leading edge 44a located downstream of the nozzle 24a, and a trailing edge 44b located in the external secondary vein 28.
• Each of the variable pitch blades 44 has an aerodynamic profile and includes an intrados and an extrados. Furthermore, each of the variable pitch blades 44 has a certain curvature along its chord.
• the number of variable pitch blades 44 may be equal to the number of fixed blades 42 or greater than this number, as mentioned in the above in relation to Figures 3a to 4b.
• the variable pitch blades 44 are located directly downstream of the fixed blades 42 and in the axial extension thereof.
• the leading edges 44a of the variable pitch blades 44 are separated by predetermined axial clearances J from the trailing edges 42c of the fixed blades 42.
• these clearances J are less than 10mm and more preferably less than or equal to 5mm. Preferably, these clearances J are less than 10% of the chord of a blade 42 or a blade 44, and more preferably less than or equal to 5% of this chord.
• Each of these clearances J is preferably constant over the entire radial extent of the edges 42c, 44a concerned and therefore of the external vein 28. Naturally, these clearances J are likely to vary in operation depending on the wedging positions of the blades 44 by relation to the blades 42.
• the variable pitch blades 44 are preferably all identical. Their leading edges 44a are preferably located in the same transverse plane or crossed by the same transverse plane. The number of variable-pitch blades 44 is for example between 10 and 200.
• variable-pitch blades 44 are movable in rotation around a pitch axis Y which has a substantially radial orientation.
• the rotation of each of the variable pitch blades 44 is obtained thanks to a control system 50 which is here located radially outside the external wall 14.
• Figure 8 illustrates a sixth embodiment of the invention which differs from the first embodiment by the fact that variable pitch blades 44 are further distributed around the axis in the external secondary vein 28.
• the variable pitch blades 44 of the internal vein 26 can be similar to those described in what above in relation to Figures 3a and 3b, or 4a and 4b, and the variable pitch blades 44 of the external vein 28 may be similar to those described in the above in relation to Figures 7a and 7b.
• the angular setting of the variable-pitch blades 44 located in the two veins is here controlled by independent systems 50.
• a first control system 50 is located in the separator 24 and controls the setting of the variable-pitch blades 44 in the internal vein 26, and a second control system 50 is located radially outside the wall 14 and controls the setting variable pitch blades 44 in the external vein 28.
• a single control system 50 is used to control the angular pitch of the variable pitch blades 44 located in the two veins 26, 28
• This control system 50 is located radially outside the wall 14.
• Figure 10 illustrates an eighth embodiment of the invention which differs from the first embodiment essentially in that the fixed vanes 42 are not. all identical.
• the fixed blades 42 are at least two types which differ from each other by their dimensions and/or their geometries and/or their cambers, etc.
• the different types of fixed blades 42 are regularly distributed around the axis so as to obtain a cyclical distribution of these blades 42 around the axis.
• structural arms 32 are located in the external vein 14 downstream of the trailing edges 42c of the fixed blades 42.
• the number of arms 32 is less than the number of fixed vanes 42 and the arms 32 can extend in the axial extension of some of the fixed vanes 42.
• the arms 32 can all be identical.
• the structural arms 32 are brought together axially towards the upstream and are connected to certain fixed vanes 42.
• the arms 32 are therefore integrated into the fixed vanes 42.
• the fixed vanes 42 which are not connected to arms 32 have their trailing edges 42c which are located upstream of the trailing edges 32a of the arms.
• the arms 32 are all identical in Figure 10 and are different and have a cyclical distribution in the eleventh embodiment of Figure 11.
• certain arms 32 can be solid for example and d others can be tubular for the passage of easements from the external wall 14 to the separator 24.
• the present invention applies to any turbomachine in which a main flow is separated into two secondary flows downstream of a shrouded rotor blade.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
• Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

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• 2022
  • 2022-12-05 EP EP22888618.0A patent/EP4630657A1/de active Pending
  • 2022-12-05 WO PCT/FR2022/052253 patent/WO2024121464A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2022-12-05 CN CN202280102897.1A patent/CN120476244A/zh active Pending

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