Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
  • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
  • H04W28/08—Load balancing or load distribution
  • H04W28/082—Load balancing or load distribution among bearers or channels
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
  • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
  • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
  • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
  • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
  • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
  • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
  • H04W28/0231—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on communication conditions
  • H04W28/0242—Determining whether packet losses are due to overload or to deterioration of radio communication conditions
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
  • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
  • H04W28/0284—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control detecting congestion or overload during communication
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
  • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
  • H04W28/08—Load balancing or load distribution
  • H04W28/09—Management thereof
  • H04W28/0925—Management thereof using policies
  • H04W28/0942—Management thereof using policies based on measured or predicted load of entities- or links
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W72/00—Local resource management
  • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
  • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
  • H04W72/046—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource the resource being in the space domain, e.g. beams
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W72/00—Local resource management
  • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
  • H04W72/52—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on load

Definitions

• the present invention belongs to the field of communication systems, and more particularly relates to a method for estimating a load of a beam of interest among a plurality of beams formed in a cell of an access network cellular wireless access network, as well as methods of configuring communications between the cellular wireless access network and a user terminal, using estimated beam loads.
• beams in the English literature
• a base station is typically equipped with a plurality of antennas and, by applying respective complex coefficients to the different antennas of the base station, it is possible to form different beams, i.e. say to form different radiation diagrams allowing for example to spatially multiplex different user terminals within the same cell.
• massive MIMO massive multi-antenna system
• MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
• Such massive MIMO systems are particularly considered in 5G and subsequent communication systems.
• GoBs are widely used in industry for control channels and/or data channels.
• the beams of a GoB are not adaptive, that is to say they are not specifically optimized to exchange data with a specific user terminal, but rather to serve specific geographical areas within the cell.
• adaptive beams in particular for data channels (using for example techniques known as “eigen-based beamforming” in the Anglo-Saxon literature).
• the performance and quality of service indicators (“Quality of Service”, QoS in the Anglo-Saxon literature) can be defined with a greater resolution, on the scale of the beam .
• load which is a central indicator for wireless access networks, can be defined per beam.
• the 3GPP TS 38.423 V17.1.0 technical specification defines a function for estimating the load of a beam of interest, which corresponds to a ratio between the number of physical resource blocks (“Physical Resource Block”, PRB in the 3GPP specifications) used by the beam b of interest and the number of PRBs used by all the beams included in the cell:
• Physical Resource Block Physical Resource Block
• B corresponds to the number of beams (for example of a GoB),
• L corresponds to the number of successive time intervals (“slots” or “mini-slots” in 3GPP specifications) considered to estimate the load of beam b of interest
• this estimation function is based on the use of communication resources (PRB) in the beam of interest, and the communication resources are actually used only when the beam of interest is activated (scheduled).
• PRB communication resources
• the usable communication resources (PRB) are allocated to the entire cell. Consequently, the beam of interest may very well be rarely activated even though it has a lot of traffic to flow, because the other beams in the cell also have a lot of traffic to flow using the same communication resources.
• Figure 1 schematically represents scenarios illustrating the lack of robustness of the estimation function given by the expression [Math. 1]
• Figure 1 schematically represents a cell 12 served by a base station 1 1 which can form, in this cell 12, seven (7) different beams 13-1 to 13-7, for example via a GoB.
• the beam of interest is beam 13-4.
• the traffic to be passed through the beam 13-4 is important, and the traffic to be passed in the other beams 13-1 to 13-3, 13-5 to 13-7 is much less important than in beam 13-4.
• the load estimated using the expression [Math. 1 ] for beam 13-4 is high.
• the traffic to be passed through beam 13-4 is unchanged, but the traffic to be passed in the other beams has increased. With the expression [Math.
• the load estimated for the beam 13-4 for part b) of Figure 1 is lower than that estimated for part a) of Figure 1, due to the fact that the beam 13-4 is activated less frequently (at due to the increase in traffic having to be carried in the other beams 13-1 to 13-3, 13-5 to 13-7), even though the traffic having to be carried by beam 13-4 has not decreased and that the increase in traffic to be carried by the other beams 13-1 to 13-3, 13-5 to 13-7 prevents beam 13-4 from being activated more frequently.
• the present disclosure aims to remedy all or part of the limitations of the solutions of the prior art, in particular those set out above, by proposing a solution which makes it possible to improve the estimation of the load of a beam of interest among a plurality of beams formed in a cell of a wireless cellular access network.
• the present disclosure relates to a method of estimating, by a device for controlling a wireless cellular access network, a load of a beam of interest among a plurality of beams that can be be formed to serve user terminals in a cell of said wireless cellular access network, said estimation method comprising: determining a load indicator M E (T) of the cell for a time window T, depending on information on a use, during the time window, of communication resources throughout the cell, a determination of a load indicator M b (T) of the beam of interest for the time window T, as a function of information on a use, during the time window, of communication resources in the beam of interest, an estimate of the load of the beam of interest as a function of the product M E (T) x M b (T).
• charge indicator M E T) of the cell and the charge indicator M b (T) of the beam of interest are therefore consistent in the convention adopted to represent the charge of the cell and the beam respectively.
• charge indicator M E T) of the cell corresponds to a high charge level in the cell
• charge indicator M b (T) of the cell beam of interest also corresponds to a high charge level in the beam of interest.
• the estimated load of the beam of interest takes into account not only a load indicator M b (T) of said beam of interest, but also a load indicator M E T) of the cell, c that is to say of all the beams of said cell.
• a load indicator M b (T) of said beam of interest Considering for example that a high value of these charge indicators corresponds to a high charge level then, even if the charge indicator M b (T) of the beam of interest decreases due to the fact that said beam of interest is activated less often, this reduction is compensated by the increase in the charge indicator M E T) of the cell.
• the product M E (T) x M b ( ) can increase if the other beams have to carry very heavy traffic, so that the estimated load of the beam of interest is then considered high, which is the expected behavior for the estimation function since the beam of interest in this case does not have the capacity to carry more traffic in this cell of the wireless cellular access network, over the time window.
• the solution proposed for estimating the load of a beam of interest, among a plurality of beams formed in a cell is more robust than the solutions of the prior art.
• the load of the beam of interest thus estimated can be used to improve the performance of certain existing functions, or even to allow the emergence of new functions.
• the load of the beam of interest can be used by radio resource management procedures ("Radio Resource Management", RRM in the Anglo-Saxon literature) or by self-organizing network functions ("Self Organizing").
• SON in the Anglo-Saxon literature
• Beam-based Mobility Robustness Optimization bMRO in the Anglo-Saxon literature
• bMLB beam level mobility load balancing
• the bMRO and bMLB functions are the beam-scale extension of the SON functions defined at the cell scale in the 3GPP LTE (4G) specifications, designated respectively by MRO and MLB.
• the loads used for bMRO mobility optimization or for bMLB load distribution are therefore estimated at the beam level and not at the cell level.
• the estimation method can also include, optionally, one or more of the following characteristics, taken individually or in all technically possible combinations.
• the load indicator M E (T) of the cell corresponds to the value of a first monotonic function with the use of communication resources throughout the cell
• the load indicator M b (T) of the beam of interest corresponds to the value of a second function, said second function being, with constant use of communication resources in the other beams among the plurality of beams, monotonous with the use of communication resources in the beam of interest, of the same monotony as the first function.
• the determination of the load indicator M b (T) of the beam of interest for the time window T comprises the determination of a utilization rate, in the beam d interest, communication resources usable in the beam of interest during said time window.
• the determination of the rate of use of the communication resources usable in the beam of interest during the time window takes into account time intervals during which said beam of interest is enabled.
• the wireless cellular access network uses orthogonal frequency division multiple access, in which the usable communication resources correspond to blocks of physical resources, called PRBs, and
• the load indicator M b (T) of the beam of interest for the time window T is determined according to the following expression: expression in which: l b corresponds to an indicator function which is worth 1 if the beam b of interest is activated over a time interval i of the time window, the time window comprising L time intervals, and which is worth 0 otherwise,
• N PRB,b corresponds to a number of PRBs used in the beam b of interest over the time interval i of the time window
• ⁇ N pR l B,b corresponds to a maximum number of PRBs that can be used in the beam b of interest over the time interval i of the time window.
• the determination of the load indicator M E (T) of the cell for the time window T comprises the determination of a rate of use, in the cell, of resources communications usable in said cell during said time window.
• the wireless cellular access network uses orthogonal frequency division multiple access, in which the usable communication resources correspond to blocks of physical resources, called PRBs, and
• the load indicator M E (T) of the cell for the time window T is determined according to the following expression: expression in which:
• Rf,i(T) corresponds to a number of PRBs multiplexed by each of the f spatial flows over a time interval i of the time window, the time window comprising L time intervals,
• P;(r) corresponds to a maximum number of PRBs that can be used over the time interval i for a single spatial flow in the cell
• LM(T) corresponds to a temporal average, over the time window, of a maximum number of spatial streams that can be used.
• the load of the beam of interest is determined according to the following expression:
• a method for configuring, by means of a device for controlling a wireless cellular access network, communications with user terminals, said wireless cellular access network comprising communication stations. base serving a plurality of cells, a plurality of beams capable of being formed in each cell, said configuration method comprising: an estimation, by implementing an estimation method according to any one of the modes of implementation of the present disclosure, of respective loads of cell beams of the wireless cellular access network,
• a control device is proposed included in a wireless cellular access network, said control device comprising at least one memory and at least one processor configured to implement a method load estimation or a configuration method according to any one of the modes of implementation of the present disclosure.
• a wireless cellular access network comprising base stations serving a plurality of base station cells, a plurality of beams being able to be formed in each cell, said access network wireless cellular device comprising at least one control device according to any one of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
• a method for configuring, by a user terminal, communication with a wireless cellular access network comprising base stations serving a plurality of base station cells, a plurality of beams capable of being formed in each cell, said configuration method comprising: receiving respective beam loads from one or more cells of the wireless cellular access network, said beam loads being estimated by implementing a method estimation according to any of the modes of implementation of the present disclosure,
• a user terminal for exchanging data with a wireless cellular access network, said user terminal comprising at least one memory and at least one processor configured to implement a configuration method according to any one of the modes of implementation of the present disclosure.
• a computer program product comprising a set of program code instructions which, when executed by at least one processor, configure said at least one processor to implement implements a method according to any one of the modes of implementation of the present disclosure.
• Figure 1 already described, a schematic representation of two scenarios of using beams in a cell of a wireless cellular access network
• Figure 2 Figure 2: a diagram illustrating the main steps of an example of implementation of a method for estimating the load of a beam of interest
• Figure 3 a schematic representation of an example of production of a device for controlling a wireless cellular access network, for implementing the method for estimating the load of a beam of interest
• Figure 4 simulation results illustrating the advantages of the estimation method according to the present disclosure
• Figure 5 a diagram illustrating the main steps of an example of implementation of a method of configuring communications by a wireless cellular access network
• Figure 6 a diagram illustrating the main steps of an example of implementation of a communications configuration method by a user terminal
• Figure 7 a schematic representation of an example of a user terminal.
• Figure 2 represents the main steps of a method 20 for estimating the load, by a device 30 for controlling a wireless cellular access network, of a load of a beam of interest among a plurality of beams formable to serve user terminals 70 in a cell of said wireless cellular access network.
• the control device 30 comprises for example at least one processor 31 and at least one memory 32 (magnetic hard disk, electronic memory, optical disk, or any type of recording medium computer readable) in which a computer program product is stored, in the form of a set of program code instructions to be executed to carry out all or part of the operations to be carried out by said control device.
• the control device 30 may optionally comprise one or more programmable logic circuits (FPGA, PLD, etc.), and/or one or more specialized integrated circuits (ASIC, etc.), and/or a set of discrete electronic components, etc., adapted to carry out all or part of the operations to be carried out by said control device 30.
• FPGA programmable logic circuits
• ASIC specialized integrated circuits
• the control device 30 is for example included in one or more base stations 11 and/or is connected to one or more base stations 11 (for example integrated in whole or in part into a radio network controller. » in Anglo-Saxon literature). [0034] As illustrated in Figure 2, the estimation method 20 comprises steps of:
• the load indicator M E (T) of cell 12 is determined, during step S20, based on information on use, during the time window T, of communication resources in the entire cell 12.
• the load indicator M b (T) of the beam of interest is determined, during step S21, based on information on use, during the time window T, of resources communication in the beam of interest.
• Information on the use of communication resources in the cell or in the beam of interest is for example provided by a scheduler of the wireless cellular access network.
• the charge indicator M E T) of the cell and the charge indicator M b (T) of the beam of interest both designated by “charge indicator” , are consistent in the convention adopted to represent the charge of the cell and the beam respectively.
• the load indicator M E T) of cell 12 corresponds to the value of a first determined function
• the load indicator M b (T) of beam d The interest corresponds to the value of a second determined function.
• the first function is monotonic (i.e., increasing or decreasing) with the use of communication resources throughout the cell. For example, if the first function is increasing, then the load indicator M E (T) of cell 12 increases with the use of communication resources throughout the cell, that is, if the use of communication resources throughout the cell is greater during the time window T compared to a previous time window, then the load indicator M E T) of the cell 12 determined for the time window T is greater than that determined for the previous time window.
• the second function is, with constant use of communication resources in the other beams among the plurality of beams, monotonic with the use of communication resources in the beam of interest.
• the load indicator M b (T) of the beam of interest is monotonic with the use communication resources in the beam of interest. For example, if the second function is increasing (resp. decreasing) then, if the use of communication resources in the beam of interest is higher (resp.
• the load indicator M b (T) of the beam of interest determined for the time window T is higher (resp. lower) than that determined for the previous time window.
• the second function has the same monotony as the first function. In other words, if the first function is an increasing function, then the second function is also an increasing function. Alternatively, if the first function is a decreasing function, then the second function is also a decreasing function.
• the first function and the second function are of the same monotony in order to ensure that the load indicator M E (T) of cell 12 and the load indicator M b (T) of the beam of interest are coherent in the representation of the load.
• the choice of increasing or decreasing monotonicity for the first and second functions depends on the convention adopted for the charge indicator M E T) of cell 12 and for the charge indicator M b (T) of the beam of interest.
• a high value of the corresponding indicator corresponds to a high level of load.
• a high value of the corresponding indicator corresponds to a low charge level and is therefore rather representative of a capacity to be able to charge the cell or the beam more. of interest.
• the estimated load of the beam of interest is determined, during step S22, as a function of the product M E T) x M b (T).
• the load indicator M E (T) of the cell increases when the amount of communication resources used in the other beams increases .
• the load indicator M b (T) of the beam of interest decreases due to the fact that said beam of interest is activated less often, this decrease is compensated by the increase in the load indicator M E T ) of the cell.
• the product M E (T) x M b (T) can increase if the other beams have to carry more traffic, so that the estimated load of the beam of interest is then considered high, which is the behavior expected for the estimation function since the beam of interest in this case does not have the capacity to flow more traffic in this cell, over the time window.
• OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
• PRBs Physical Resources
• 4G and 5G wireless cellular communication systems are OFDMA type systems.
• PRBs correspond to time-frequency blocks, each PRB spanning a time interval of 0.5 ms (“slot” in 3GPP 4G specifications, which includes 7 OFDM symbols) and 12 sub - carriers (“subcarriers” in 3GPP specifications).
• PRBs correspond to frequency blocks of 12 subcarriers
• each PRB can be allocated over a time interval (“slot” or “mini-slot” in 3GPP 5G specifications) of variable duration which depends in particular on the distance between the subcarriers. For example, if the time interval corresponds to a “slot”, the duration of the time interval is between 0.125 ms (for a difference between subcarriers of 120 kHz) and 1 ms (for a difference between subcarriers of 120 kHz). -15 kHz carriers). It is also considered in a non-limiting manner that the beams in the same cell cannot all be activated simultaneously.
• the load indicator M E T) of the cell for the time window T is for example representative of a rate of use, in the cell, of usable communication resources in the cell during said time window T.
• this utilization rate can be determined according to the following expression:
• P i (T') corresponds to a maximum number of PRBs that can be used over the time interval i for a single spatial flow in the cell
• LM(T) corresponds to a temporal average, over the time window, of a maximum number of spatial streams that can be used.
• the charge indicator M E (T) of the cell is for example given by the expression: expression in which K corresponds to a determined coefficient, preferably an integer, or is more simply given by or determined according to the expression:
• the load indicator M b (T) of the beam of interest for the time window T is representative of a rate of use, in the beam of interest, of communication resources usable in the beam of interest during said time window.
• the utilization rate of the communication resources usable in the beam of interest during the time window takes take into account the time intervals during which said beam of interest is activated. For example, this utilization rate can be determined according to the following expression:
• l b corresponds to an indicator function which is worth 1 if the beam b of interest is activated over a time interval i (“slot” or “mini-slot”) of the time window, the time window comprising L time intervals, and which is 0 otherwise,
• N PRB b corresponds to a number of PRBs used in the beam b of interest over the time interval i of the time window
• ⁇ N pR l B,b corresponds to a maximum number of PRBs that can be used in the beam b of interest over the time interval i of the time window.
• N P l RB b N PRB Vb .
• the estimated load is determined as a function of the product M E T) x M b T), which can be determined, for example, by considering any combination of expressions of M E T) and M b (T) given above.
• the simulations were carried out by considering a uniform deployment of 7 tri-sector base stations 11 in a macro urban environment (distance between base stations 1 1 of approximately 300 m).
• each cell is served by a network of antennas measuring 8 x 8 and serves the user terminals 70 using a GoB forming 7 beams, similar to those shown in Figure 1.
• the multiplexing technique used is OFDMA.
• a so-called file transfer protocol traffic model was also considered ("File Transfer Protocol", FTP in the English literature) according to which user terminals 70 arrive in the cellular access network wirelessly following a Poisson process.
• These user terminals 70 must download a 10 MB file and leave the wireless cellular access network when the download is complete.
• the user terminals 70 attached to the same cell were scheduled using a “Proportional Fair” (PF) type scheduler.
• PF Proportional Fair
• first arrival rate pattern 0.2 user terminals arrive per second in the coverage area of beams 13-1, 13-2, 13-4, 13-5 and 13-7, while 1.3 user terminals arrive per second in the coverage area of beams 13-3 and 13-6
• second arrival rate pattern 0.5 user terminals 70 arrive per second in the coverage zone of beams 13-1, 13-2, 13-4, 13-5 and 13-7 while 1.3 user terminals arrive per second in the coverage zone of beams 13-3 and 13-6.
• Figure 4 schematically represents the results obtained in terms of estimated load. More specifically, part a) of Figure 4 represents the estimated loads, using the expression [Math. 1] of the prior art and a time window of 20 seconds, for the first arrival rate pattern and the second arrival rate pattern. Part b) of Figure 4 represents the estimated loads, using the expression [Math. 4] above, for the first arrival rate pattern and the second arrival rate pattern.
• Figure 5 represents the main steps of a method 50 of configuring, by a device 30 for controlling a wireless cellular access network, communications with user terminals 70. As illustrated by the figure 5, said configuration method comprises steps of:
• the configuration of communications by the wireless cellular access network corresponds for example to carrying out at least one of: management of the communication resources of the wireless cellular access network (in the framework for example of RRM procedures), - mobility management of user terminals (for example in the context of SON functions, of the bMRO type), load distribution between beams of the same cell and/or between beams of different cells (for example in the context of functions SOUND, bMLB type).
• the loads estimated by means of the estimation method 20 can be implemented, on the wireless cellular access network side, to improve the performance of certain functions used in wireless communication systems, or even to allow the emergence of new functions.
• estimated loads in particular because they are more robust than those estimated in the prior art, can also be used on the side of user terminals 70.
• Figure 6 represents the main steps of a method 60 for configuring, by a user terminal 70, communication with a wireless cellular access network.
• the user terminal 70 comprises for example at least one processor 71 and at least one memory 72 (magnetic hard disk, electronic memory, optical disk, or any type of readable recording medium by computer) in which a computer program product is stored, in the form of a set of program code instructions to be executed to carry out all or part of the operations to be carried out by said user terminal 70.
• processor 71 magnetic hard disk, electronic memory, optical disk, or any type of readable recording medium by computer
• the user terminal 70 may optionally comprise one or more programmable logic circuits (FPGA, PLD, etc.), and/or one or more specialized integrated circuits (ASIC, etc.), and/or a set of discrete electronic components, etc., suitable for carrying out all or part of the operations to be carried out by said user terminal.
• the user terminal 70 also includes at least one communication module 73 for exchanging data with base stations 11 of the wireless cellular access network.
• the user terminal 70 is for example a mobile phone, a smartphone, a connected object, a laptop, a tablet, etc.
• the configuration method 60 implemented by the user terminal 70 comprises steps of:
• the configuration of communications by the user terminal 70 corresponds to a use of the estimated beam loads for mobility management of said user terminal 70, in particular to select one beam rather than another to exchange data with the wireless cellular access network.
• the user terminal 70 may use one or more estimated beam loads: as part of a cell selection mechanism (initial access procedure to the wireless cellular access network): when a user terminal 70 is switched on or finds a coverage area, it carries out power measurements on beams transmitted by different cells to select the cell most suited to serving it; in such a cell selection process, a user terminal 70 could also take into account the load of the beams in order to favor cells with lightly charged beams, as part of a cell re-selection mechanism (mechanism mobility used when the user terminal 70 is in the inactive mode): when a user terminal 70 is in the inactive mode, it continues to perform periodic power measurements on beams transmitted by different cells to periodically update the attachment of the user terminal 70 (identity of the cell with which the user terminal 70 will exchange if it switches to connected mode); in such a cell re-selection process, a user terminal 70 could also take into account the load of the beams in order to favor cells with lightly charged beams, as part of a cell change mechanism (mobil

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