Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
  • E04G3/00—Scaffolds essentially supported by building constructions, e.g. adjustable in height
  • E04G3/24—Scaffolds essentially supported by building constructions, e.g. adjustable in height specially adapted for particular parts of buildings or for buildings of particular shape, e.g. chimney stacks or pylons
  • E04G3/26—Scaffolds essentially supported by building constructions, e.g. adjustable in height specially adapted for particular parts of buildings or for buildings of particular shape, e.g. chimney stacks or pylons specially adapted for working on roofs
  • E04G3/265—Scaffolds essentially supported by building constructions, e.g. adjustable in height specially adapted for particular parts of buildings or for buildings of particular shape, e.g. chimney stacks or pylons specially adapted for working on roofs with means to adapt it to a variable pitch of the roof
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
  • E04G3/00—Scaffolds essentially supported by building constructions, e.g. adjustable in height
  • E04G3/22—Scaffolds essentially supported by building constructions, e.g. adjustable in height supported by roofs or ceilings
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
  • E04G5/00—Component parts or accessories for scaffolds
  • E04G5/04—Means for fastening, supporting, or bracing scaffolds on or against building constructions
  • E04G5/041—Means for fastening, supporting, or bracing scaffolds on or against building constructions for fastening scaffolds on roof frameworks or on roofs

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a support structure adapted to act as a scaffold to facilitate and simplify manual work activities, e.g., of a construction or plant engineering nature, which must be carried out at heights on building façades, especially at the base of the roof.
• operators are known to descend down from the roof, for example using safety harnesses that are hung, e.g. by means of a rope system, from special anchoring points set up on the roofing surface.
• brackets do not solve the inconvenience of the discomfort and fatigue of having to work for a long time hanging from a harness.
• support structures can be subject to non-negligible oscillations, e.g. due to wind, shifting loads or other stresses, which make it difficult to carry out activities and may cause damaging impacts against the building.
• An aim of the present invention is to solve or at least mitigate one or more of the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art.
• Another aim is that of achieving such an objective within the context of a simple, rational and relatively cost-effective solution.
• an embodiment of the invention provides a support structure, typically of a suspended type (i.e. without resting directly on the ground), for performing activities at height, comprising:
• the support structure can be applied to the building in a much more stable and secure manner with respect to the known solutions.
• the second frame can be connected to the first frame by means of a first junction assembly, which is adapted to allow a mutual rotation of the first frame and the second frame around a first hinge axis oriented so as to be substantially horizontal, at least when the first frame is rested and secured on the roofing surface.
• the support structure can be advantageously adapted to both flat and pitched roofs with different pitches.
• first locking means to selectively prevent the mutual rotation (preferably in both directions) of the first and second frames around said first hinge axis.
• the platform can be connected to the second frame by means of a second junction assembly, which is adapted to allow a mutual rotation of the platform and the second frame around a second hinge axis (also) oriented so as to be substantially horizontal, at least when the first frame is rested and secured on the roofing surface.
• a second junction assembly which is adapted to allow a mutual rotation of the platform and the second frame around a second hinge axis (also) oriented so as to be substantially horizontal, at least when the first frame is rested and secured on the roofing surface.
• the platform can be folded/tilted onto the second frame, e.g. to reduce the space required for the support structure during transport and installation.
• the support structure can comprise second locking means to selectively prevent the mutual rotation of the platform and the second frame around said second hinge axis.
• the second frame can be extendable and retractable along a predetermined elongation direction, so as to vary the height of the platform, at least when the second frame is oriented substantially vertically and facing the wall of the building.
• the support structure further comprises third locking means to selectively prevent the second frame from extending and shortening along said elongation direction, so as to lock the platform at the desired height.
• the stabilising element can be connected to the second frame by means of a sliding assembly adapted to allow mutual displacements of the stabilising element and the second frame along a predetermined translation direction, which is adapted to assume a substantially horizontal orientation, at least when the second frame is oriented substantially vertically and facing the wall of the building. Thanks to this solution, the distance between the second frame and the stabilising element can be adjusted so that the latter can be in contact with walls of different buildings.
• the support structure can be equipped with fourth locking means adapted to selectively prevent the mutual displacement of the stabilising element and the second frame along the said translation direction.
• a further aspect of the invention is that the stabilising element can be connected to the second frame by means of the platform, to which the stabilising element can be slidably coupled to be able to be moved along said translation direction.
• the support structure can also comprise a bearing element connected to the first frame and adapted to stay in contact with the roofing surface, at least when the first frame is rested and secured on the roofing surface itself.
• This bearing element has the advantage of further increasing the stability of the support structure.
• the support structure can comprise a guide rail adapted to be fixed horizontally on the roofing surface and to which the first frame is slidably coupled.
• the support structure becomes a sliding type and can be advantageously moved, e.g. along the edge of the roofing surface, without the need to disassemble and reassemble it.
• the stabilising element can in turn comprise one or more wheels adapted to roll in contact with the wall of the building.
• bearing element can also comprise one or more wheels adapted to roll in contact with the roofing surface.
• the second frame can comprise at least:
• the second frame assumes a ladder-like shape and can therefore be used to facilitate the operators' descent and ascent from the platform.
• each upright of the second frame can comprise at least two parallel bars, slidingly coupled to each other so as to be adapted to mutually slide in a direction parallel to their longitudinal extension.
• This aspect provides a rather simple and reliable solution for making an extendable and retractable second frame, which, as mentioned above, allows to adjust the platform height.
• this solution allows the second frame to be given the conformation of an extendable (or telescopic) ladder, formed by two portions of the ladder slidably coupled to each other, so as to continue facilitating the ascent and descent of operators.
• the first frame can in turn comprise at least one pair of parallel and mutually spaced apart spars, each of which has one end connected to a first end of a respective upright of the second frame and an opposite end to which a hook or anchoring eye may be attached.
• the first frame can further comprise one or more cross-pieces individually fixed to both said spars.
• the stabilising element can comprise at least one bar oriented perpendicular to the uprights of the second frame and having a length greater than the distance therebetween.
• the bearing element can comprise at least one bar oriented perpendicular to the spars of the first frame and having a length greater than the distance therebetween, e.g. substantially equal to the length of the bar of the stabilising element.
• a support structure is described, referred to globally as 100, which is intended to act as a scaffold to facilitate and simplify manual work activities, e.g. construction or plant engineering, to be performed on the vertical walls of buildings, especially at the base of the roof.
• the support structure 100 is generally of the suspended type, i.e. without directly resting on the ground.
• the support structure 100 firstly comprises a first frame 105 adapted to be placed and stay resting on the roof or, more generally, on any roofing surface T of a building E.
• the roofing surface T of building E can be horizontal, e.g. in the case of a flat roof, or sloping, e.g. in the case of a pitched roof.
• the first frame 105 is preferably adapted to stay resting on the roofing surface T, so that a portion thereof protrudes outside the perimeter of the latter, for example outside the eaves line, i.e. outside that lower horizontal perimeter line of the roofing surface T along which the elements (e.g. channels) for collecting rainwater are normally applied.
• the first frame 105 can comprise, for example, a pair of parallel, side-by-side and mutually spaced apart spars 115, which can be rigidly joined to each other by means of one or more connecting cross-pieces 120.
• Each spar 115 comprises a first end 125 and a second opposite end 130, which can be individually aligned, in the transverse direction, with the first end 125 and the second end 130 of the other spar 115, respectively.
• the first frame 105 can stay resting on the roofing surface T so that the lying plane of the two spars 115, i.e. the plane with respect to which the spars 115 are mutually coplanar, is substantially parallel to the roofing surface T.
• the roofing surface T is sloping, it may also be preferable for the spars 115 to be oriented parallel to the fall line.
• “stay resting on” does not necessarily mean that the first frame 105 is adapted to stay in direct contact with the roofing surface T, but that at least part of its weight bears directly or indirectly on the roofing surface T.
• the support structure 100 can comprise a bearing element 135, which is connected to the first frame 105, preferably fixed thereto, and is adapted to stay in direct contact with the roofing surface T.
• the bearing element 135 can be interposed between the roofing surface T and the first frame 105, which can thus remain spaced apart from the roofing surface T itself.
• the bearing element 135 can comprise a bar 140, oriented perpendicularly and fixed to both spars 115, e.g. by means of respective connecting brackets, which can be adapted to stay in direct contact with the roofing surface T.
• This bar 140 can be longer than the distance separating the pair of spars 115, e.g. equal to or greater than twice such a distance, so as to protrude from both sides of the pair, increasing the resting stability.
• the first frame 105 can be firmly secured thereto, e.g. to one or more anchoring points (not illustrated) with which the roofing surface T can be equipped.
• Anchoring points of this type are, for example, those envisaged in EN 516 or EN 517 or EN 795 or CENT/TS 16415 or UNI 11578.
• the first frame 105 cam thus comprise two hooks or anchoring eyelets 150, each of which can be fixed at the first end 125 of a respective spar 115 and can be secured to at least one respective hooking point, for example by means of ropes.
• the support structure 100 further comprises a second frame 110, which is connected to the first frame 105, preferably at the portion of the first frame 105 intended to protrude with respect to the perimeter of the roofing surface T, for example at the second ends 130 of the spars 115.
• the second frame 110 is in any case connected to the first frame 105 so as to be adapted, when the first frame 105 is resting on the roofing surface T (e.g. according to the manners outlined above), of assuming a substantially vertical (and descending) orientation, in which it faces a wall P of the building E, below the roofing surface T.
• the second frame 110 is connected to the first frame 105 so as to be able to assume, with respect to the latter, a generally inclined orientation (sharp), for example by forming therewith an angle approximately equal to the angle formed between the roofing surface T and the wall P.
• a generally inclined orientation for example by forming therewith an angle approximately equal to the angle formed between the roofing surface T and the wall P.
• the second frame 110 can be connected to the first frame 105 by means of a junction assembly, globally indicated as 155, which allows a mutual rotation of the first frame 105 and the second frame 110 around a prefixed hinge axis A.
• This hinge axis A is chosen so that, when the first frame 105 is resting on the roofing surface T (e.g. according to the manners outlined above), it can assume a substantially horizontal orientation.
• the hinge axis A can be perpendicular to the spars 115 of the first frame 105 and can possibly be placed at the second ends 130 thereof.
• the mutual inclination between the first frame 105 and the second frame 110 can be adjusted appropriately according to the inclination of the roofing surface T.
• the support structure 100 further comprises locking means for selectively preventing (blocking) the mutual rotation of the first frame 105 and the second frame 110 around said hinge axis A (in both directions), for example after reaching the inclination corresponding to the slope of the roofing surface T.
• these locking means can be adapted to lock the first frame 105 and the second frame 110 in a plurality of different predetermined mutual inclinations, for example at right angles, and in one or more further different mutual inclinations approximating the inclinations of the most common roofing surfaces T.
• the second frame 110 can have a structure similar to that of a ladder.
• the second frame 110 can comprise a pair of parallel uprights 160, side-by-side and mutually spaced apart, and possibly one or more cross-pieces 165, individually fixed to both of these uprights 160, so as to rigidly join them together.
• the cross-pieces 165 which can be oriented perpendicularly to the uprights 160, can be distributed in succession and mutually spaced apart along the longitudinal extension of the uprights 160 themselves, so as to define the steps of the ladder.
• Each upright 160 comprises a first end 170 and a second opposite end 175, which can be individually aligned, in the transverse direction, with the first end 170 and the second end 175 of the other upright 160, respectively.
• each upright 160 can be connected to the second end 130 of a respective spar 115 of the first frame 105, preferably by means of a respective hinge joint, so that these two hinge joints can define the aforesaid junction assembly 155.
• each hinge joint can comprise, for example, a fork 185, a plate 190 inserted into the fork 185, and a transverse pin 195, having an axis coincident with the hinge axis A, which is adapted to be inserted into mutually coaxial holes obtained in the fork 185 and the plate 190.
• the fork 185 is rigidly fixed to the second end 130 of the spar 115, and is therefore part of the first frame 105, while the plate 190 is rigidly fixed to the first end 170 of the spar 160, and is therefore part of the second frame 110.
• the fork 185 can be rigidly fixed to the first end 170 of the upright 160 while the plate 190 can be rigidly fixed to the second end 130 of the spar 115.
• the transverse pin 195 can be common to both hinge joints, extending into the space comprised between the pair of uprights 160 and the pair of spars 115.
• the rotation locking means can comprise, for each hinge joint, a plurality of holes 200 obtained in the fork 185 in an eccentric position with respect to the hinge axis A, a hole (not shown) obtained in the plate 190 and adapted to be aligned with each of the holes 200 for different angular positions of the second frame 110 with respect to the first frame 105, and at least one pin (also not shown) having an axis parallel to the hinge axis A and adapted to be coaxially inserted, in the manner of a latch, in the hole of the plate 190 and in the hole 200 aligned therewith.
• the second frame 110 can be of the extendable and retractable type, i.e. it can be capable of extending and contracting along a predetermined elongation direction B by varying its length.
• the elongation direction B can be parallel to the uprights 160 so as to allow a variation of the distance between the first ends 170 and the second ends 175 thereof.
• the second frame 110 can be shaped as an extensible (or telescopic) ladder, viz., comprising two ladder portions mutually slidable in the longitudinal direction.
• each upright 160 can be formed by at least two bars, of which a first bar 160' defining the first end 170 and a second bar 160" defining the second end 175.
• first and second bars 160' and 160" are oriented parallel and are coupled to each other, e.g. by means of suitable guide and junction elements 205, so that they can mutually slide in a direction parallel to their longitudinal extension (e.g. telescopically).
• the first and second bars 160' and 160" of each upright 160 can be individually connected to the first and second bars 160' and 160" of the other upright 160 by one or more of the cross-pieces 165, respectively, to form the two portions of the ladder.
• the cross-pieces 165 associated with the first bars 160' can also be at least slightly misaligned, along the elongation direction B, with respect to the cross-pieces 165 associated with the second bars 160", so as not to hinder the elongation and shortening of the second frame 110.
• the support structure 100 further comprises locking means for selectively preventing (blocking) the extensibility of the second frame 110 along the elongation direction B (in both directions), for example after reaching the desired length.
• these locking means can be adapted to lock the second frame 110 in a plurality of different predetermined lengths, for example in two or three predetermined lengths.
• the locking means can for example comprise, for each upright 160, a plurality of transverse holes 210 obtained in the second bar 160" in different positions along the longitudinal extension thereof, for example coaxially with the relative cross-pieces 165 (which can be internally hollow), a hole 215 obtained in the first bar 160' and adapted to align with each of the transverse holes 210, for different axial positions of the second bar 160' with respect to the first bar 160', and at least one pin 220 having its axis perpendicular to the elongation direction B and adapted to be coaxially inserted, as a latch, in the hole 215 of the first bar 160' and in the transverse hole 210 aligned therewith of the second bar 160".
• the pin 220 which can have an axis parallel to the hinge axis A, can be common to both uprights 160, extending into the space comprised therebetween.
• the support structure 100 further comprises a platform 225, which is connected to the second frame 110 so as to be adapted to assume, when the second frame 110 is substantially vertically oriented and facing the wall P of the building E, a substantially horizontal orientation and a lower height with respect to the roofing surface T.
• the platform 225 can be adapted to assume an orientation substantially perpendicular to the plane in which the uprights of the second frame 110 lie.
• This platform 225 which preferably protrudes from the second frame 110 towards the wall P of the building E, is useful for accommodating and supporting an operator, e.g. standing or seated, so that he can comfortably perform his activities.
• the platform 225 can be formed by one or more box-shaped sheet metal bodies, possibly joined and/or stiffened by means of a frame made of bars and/or plates, e.g. metal.
• the platform 225 can e connected at a portion of the second frame 110 that is distal with respect to the first frame 105, for example it can be connected at the second ends 175 of the uprights 160.
• the variation of its length along the elongation direction B advantageously also allows to vary the height of the platform 225 at the same time.
• the platform 225 can be connected to the second frame 110 by means of a junction assembly, globally indicated 230, which is adapted to allow a rotation of the platform 225 with respect to the second frame 110 around a predetermined hinge axis C.
• a junction assembly globally indicated 230, which is adapted to allow a rotation of the platform 225 with respect to the second frame 110 around a predetermined hinge axis C.
• This hinge axis C is chosen so that, when the first frame 105 is resting on the roofing surface T (e.g. according to the manners outlined above), it can assume a substantially horizontal orientation.
• the hinge axis C can be perpendicular to the uprights 160 of the second frame 110 (or parallel to the hinge axis A between the first frame 105 and the second frame 110) and can possible be placed at the second ends 175 thereof.
• the junction assembly 230 can thus comprise two hinge joints, each of which is adapted to connect the second end 175 of a respective upright 160 with the platform 225.
• each hinge joint can for example comprise a pin 235, having an axis coincident with the hinge axis C, which is adapted to coaxially and simultaneously thread into two aligned holes, of which a first hole obtained in the respective upright 160 and a second hole obtained in a connecting bracket 245 integral with the platform 225.
• the pin 235 can be common to both hinge joints, extending into the space comprised between the two uprights 160, for example by threading into one of the cross-pieces 165 (which can be internally hollow).
• the platform 225 can be tipped (folded) onto the second frame 110, e.g. to reduce the size thereof during transport and installation.
• the support structure 100 further comprises suitable locking means for selectively preventing (blocking) the mutual rotation of the platform 225 and the second frame 110 around said hinge axis C (in both directions).
• these locking means can be adapted to lock the platform 225 and the second frame 110 at least in the angular position of use illustrated and outlined above, viz., for example that in which the platform 225 is orthogonal to the lying plane of the uprights 160.
• These locking means can comprise, for each upright 160, at least one transverse hole (not shown) obtained in the upright 160 itself at a distance from the hinge axis C, for example coaxially with another cross-piece 165, a hole 250 obtained in the respective connecting bracket 245 and adapted to be aligned with said transverse hole, when the platform 225 and the second frame 110 are in the working orientation, and at least one pin (not shown) having an axis parallel to the hinge axis C and adapted to be coaxially inserted, as a latch, into the hole 250 of the connecting bracket 245 and into the transverse hole aligned therewith of the upright 160.
• This pin can also be common to both uprights 160, extending into the space comprised therebetween, and can pass inside the cross-piece 165 (internally hollow).
• the support structure 100 comprises a stabilising element 260, which is connected to the second frame 110 and is adapted, when the second frame 110 is oriented substantially vertically and facing the wall P of the building E, to be placed in contact with the wall P itself.
• the second frame 110, and therewith the platform 225 are suspended from the roofing surface T by means of the first frame 105.
• the stabilising element 260 is placed in contact with the wall P of the building E, the support structure 100 is much more stable.
• the stabilising element 260 is preferably connected to the second frame by means of a sliding assembly, indicated overall with 265, which is adapted to allow mutual movements between the second frame 110 and the stabilising element 260 along a predetermined translation direction D.
• This translation direction D can be chosen so that, when the second frame 110 is oriented substantially vertically and facing the wall P of the building E, it is adapted to assume a substantially horizontal orientation.
• the stabilising element 260 can comprise a bar 270 which, when the second frame 110 is substantially vertically oriented and faces the wall P of the building E, is adapted to assume a substantially horizontal orientation substantially parallel to the wall P itself.
• the bar 270 can be oriented perpendicular to the uprights 160 of the second frame 110 and/or perpendicular to the translation direction D.
• This bar 270 can be longer than the distance separating the pair of uprights 160, e.g. equal to or greater than twice such a distance, so as to protrude from both sides of the pair, increasing the stability in contact with the wall P.
• the stabilising element 260 can be slidably coupled to the platform 225.
• the sliding assembly 265 can comprise a support rod 275, oriented parallel to the translation direction D, which is fixed cantilevered to the centreline of the bar 270, and one or more guide seats 280, obtained in the platform 225, within which the aforesaid support rod 275 is threaded and can slide axially.
• the support structure 100 can further comprise locking means for selectively preventing the mutual displacement (in both directions) between the stabilising element 260 and the second frame 110, for example between the stabilising element 260 and the platform 225, along said translation direction D, for example after having reached the most appropriate mutual distance to reach the wall P.
• these locking means can be adapted to lock the stabilising element 260 and the second frame 110, in this case the stabilising element 260 and the platform 225, in a plurality of different predetermined mutual positions, to which different mutual distances along the translation direction D correspond.
• the locking means can comprise a first hole 285 obtained in a bracket integral with the platform 225, a plurality of second holes 290 obtained in the support rod 275 and arranged in succession along the longitudinal extension thereof, each of which is adapted to coaxially arrange itself with the first hole 285 for different positions of the bar 270 along the translation direction D, and a transverse pin (not shown), oriented perpendicularly to the translation direction D, and adapted to coaxially insert itself, as a latch, into the first hole 285 and into the second hole 290 aligned therewith.
• the first frame 105 can be placed rested and secured on the roofing surface T, so that the second frame 110 is substantially vertical and facing the wall P of the building E, and so that the platform 225 is substantially horizontal and projecting towards the wall P itself.
• the stabilising element 260 can then be slid with respect to the second frame 110 along the translation direction D, until it contacts the wall P, so as to reduce oscillations and thus make the entire support structure 100 more stable.
• the support structure 100 can be used by an operator who, after having put on the necessary protective equipment and having tied himself to the safety ropes envisaged by the regulations, can descend and ascend between the roofing surface T and the platform 225, taking advantage of the ladder-like conformation of the second frame 110, as well as any handles 295 that may be provided on the first frame 105.
• the operator can comfortably carry out his activities, e.g. building and/or plant engineering (e.g. grouting, plastering, painting, installation of electrical cables, telecommunication networks, refrigeration systems, etc.), on the wall P of building E, even in the areas immediately below the roofing surface T.
• the support structure 100 can be removed from the roofing surface T and can be folded so as to assume a space-saving configuration in which it can be more easily and conveniently transported and/or stowed.
• the stabilising element 260 and the bearing element 135, if any, can be disassembled and separated from the platform 225 and the first frame 105, respectively, as shown for example in Figure 13 .
• the second frame 110 can be brought into the minimum extension configuration.
• the first frame 105 can be tilted onto the second frame 110, making them rotate with respect to each other around the hinge axis A, until they are arranged substantially parallel and overlapping.
• the support structure 100 can be returned to the working configuration described above, simply by performing the steps described above in reverse order.
• the support structure 100 can be of the sliding type.
• Such a support structure 100 can further comprise a guide rail 300, which is adapted to be fixed on the roofing surface T of the building E, so that it is oriented horizontally,
• the fixing of the guide rail 300 can occur by means of any suitable system, as long as it guarantees a stable and secure anchoring.
• the first frame 105 can be slidably coupled to this guide rail 300, so that the frame can slide along the longitudinal (horizontal) direction of the guide rail 300 itself.
• the first frame 105 can be provided with one or more sliding blocks 305, each of which is slidably coupled to the guide rail 300 to slide longitudinally thereon.
• each sliding block 305 and the guide rail 300 is such that relative displacements (e.g. detachments) in the direction which is transverse with respect to the longitudinal direction are prevented
• Each sliding block 305 can be fixed to a respective spar 115, for example at the first end 125 thereof.
• the bearing element 135 can comprise one or more wheels 310, e.g. installed on the bar 140, which are adapted to roll in contact with the roofing surface T.
• the stabilising element 260 can comprise one or more wheels 315, e.g. installed on the bar 270, which are adapted to roll in contact on the wall P.
• the support structure 100 can be advantageously moved horizontally (like a carriage) along the perimeter of the roofing surface T, allowing operators to change work areas very easily and quickly without the need to entirely remove and reposition the support structure 100.
• this variant of the support structure 100 can also be closed and reopened according to the same manners described above with reference to Figures 13 to 15 .
• expressions such as “substantially vertical” indicate an orientation that is perfectly vertical or deviates from the vertical orientation by no more than 30°, preferably by no more than 10°, e.g. by no more than 5°.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Tents Or Canopies (AREA)

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Citations (5)

• 2025
  • 2025-04-30 EP EP25173553.6A patent/EP4647565A1/de active Pending

Patent Citations (5)

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