EP4649726A1 - Mise en oeuvre d'un changement rapide de cellule de desserte sur la base d'une mobilité déclenchée par couche inférieure (ltm) - Google Patents

Mise en oeuvre d'un changement rapide de cellule de desserte sur la base d'une mobilité déclenchée par couche inférieure (ltm)

Info

Publication number
EP4649726A1
EP4649726A1 EP24713800.1A EP24713800A EP4649726A1 EP 4649726 A1 EP4649726 A1 EP 4649726A1 EP 24713800 A EP24713800 A EP 24713800A EP 4649726 A1 EP4649726 A1 EP 4649726A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ltm
configuration
implementations
cell
message
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP24713800.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Chih-Hsiang Wu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Google LLC
Original Assignee
Google LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Google LLC filed Critical Google LLC
Publication of EP4649726A1 publication Critical patent/EP4649726A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0055—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0055—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link
    • H04W36/0069—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link in case of dual connectivity, e.g. decoupled uplink/downlink
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/34—Reselection control
    • H04W36/36—Reselection control by user or terminal equipment
    • H04W36/362—Conditional handover
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/15—Setup of multiple wireless link connections

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to wireless communications and, more particularly, to performing a lower layer triggered mobility, i.e., a fast serving cell change.
  • the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) sublayer of the radio protocol stack provides services such as transfer of user-plane data, ciphering, integrity protection, etc.
  • the PDCP layer defined for the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (EUTRA) radio interface (see 3GPP technical specification (TS) 36.323) and New Radio (NR) (see 3GPP TS 38.323) provides sequencing of protocol data units (PDUs) in the uplink direction (from a user device, also known as a user equipment (UE), to a base station) as well as in the downlink direction (from the base station to the UE).
  • EUTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
  • NR New Radio
  • the PDCP sublayer provides signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs) to the Radio Resource Control (RRC) sublayer.
  • SRBs signaling radio bearers
  • DRBs data radio bearers
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • the UE and a base station use SRBs to exchange RRC messages as well as non-access stratum (NAS) messages, and can use DRBs to transport data on a user plane.
  • NAS non-access stratum
  • UEs use several types of SRBs and DRBs.
  • the cells associated with the base station operating the master node (MN) define a master cell group (MCG), and the cells associated with the base station operating as the secondary node (SN) define the secondary cell group (SCG).
  • SRB1 resources carry RRC messages, which in some cases include NAS messages over the dedicated control channel (DCCH), and SRB2 resources support RRC messages that include logged measurement information or NAS messages, also over the DCCH but with lower priority than SRB1 resources. More generally, SRB1 and SRB2 resources allow the UE and the MN to exchange RRC messages related to the MN and embed RRC messages related to the SN.
  • the SRB1 and SRB 2 resources can be referred to as MCG SRBs.
  • SRB3 resources allow the UE and the SN to exchange RRC messages related to the SN and can be referred to as SCG SRBs.
  • Split SRBs allow the UE to exchange RRC messages directly with the MN via lower layer resources of the MN and the SN.
  • DRBs using the lower-layer resources of only the MN can be referred as MCG DRBs
  • DRBs using the lower-layer resources of only the SN can be referred as SCG DRBs
  • DRBs using the lower-layer resources of both the MCG and the SCG can be referred to as split DRBs.
  • the UE in some scenarios, concurrently utilizes resources of multiple radio access network (RAN) nodes (e.g., base stations or components of a distributed base station), interconnected by a backhaul.
  • RAN radio access network
  • RATs radio access technologies
  • this type of connectivity is referred to as Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC).
  • MN master node
  • SN secondary node
  • PSCell primary secondary cell
  • the UE communicates with the MN (via the PCell) and the SN (via the PSCell).
  • the UE utilizes resources of one base station at a time.
  • One base station and/or the UE determines that the UE should establish a radio connection with another base station. For example, one base station determines to hand the UE over to the second base station and initiate a handover procedure.
  • the RAN should configure the UE for a serving cell change.
  • the RAN configures the UE to transmit Layer 3 (L3) measurement results.
  • L3 measurement results received from the UE, the RAN transmits an RRC reconfiguration message, configuring Reconfiguration with Synchronization (e.g., the RRC reconfiguration message includes a ReconfigurationWithSync IE) for the change of the serving cell (e.g., PCell or PSCell).
  • the RAN releases the at least one SCell due to the change of the PCell or PSCell.
  • the serving cell change involves complete L2 (and LI) resets, leading to longer latency, larger overhead, and longer interruption time.
  • LTM lower layer mobility
  • An example embodiment of the techniques of this disclosure is a method implemented in a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving, at the UE from a radio access network (RAN) node, a lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration; in a first instance, when the LTM configuration is included in a first container, associating the LTM configuration with a secondary cell group (SCG); and in a second instance, when the LTM configuration is included in a second container, associating the LTM configuration with a master cell group (MCG).
  • RAN radio access network
  • LTM lower layer triggered mobility
  • Another example embodiment of these techniques is a method implemented in a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving, at the UE from a radio access network (RAN) node, a first lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration associated with a first cell group and a second LTM configuration associated with a second cell group; receiving, at the UE from the RAN node, an LTM command; and identifying, at the UE, at least one of the first LTM configuration or the second LTM configuration based on whether the LTM command is received on the first cell group or the second cell group.
  • RAN radio access network
  • LTM lower layer triggered mobility
  • Another example embodiment of these techniques is an apparatus, operating as a user equipment (UE), comprising processing hardware and configured to implement the methods above.
  • UE user equipment
  • FIG. 1A is a block diagram of an example system in which a radio access network (RAN) and a user device can implement the techniques of this disclosure for managing conditional procedures related to a secondary node (SN);
  • RAN radio access network
  • SN secondary node
  • Fig. IB is a block diagram of an example base station including a centralized unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU) that can operate in the system of Fig. 1 A;
  • CU centralized unit
  • DU distributed unit
  • Fig. 2A is a block diagram of an example protocol stack according to which the UE of Fig. 1A communicates with base stations;
  • Fig. 2B is a block diagram of an example protocol stack according to which the UE of Fig. 1A communicates with a CU and a DU;
  • FIG. 3 is a messaging diagram of an example scenario where a CU provides a reference lower layer triggered mobility configures to a DU for generating a configuration for a UE;
  • Fig. 4 is a messaging diagram of an example scenario similar to that of Fig. 3, but in which the base station includes a source DU (S-DU) and target DU (T-DU);
  • S-DU source DU
  • T-DU target DU
  • Fig. 5A is a messaging diagram of an example scenario similar to that of Fig. 3, but in which the UE communicates in DC with an MN and an SN;
  • Fig. 5B is a messaging diagram of an example scenario similar to that of Fig. 5A, but in which the CU provides the reference lower layer triggered mobility configuration to the UE via the MN;
  • FIG. 6A is a messaging diagram of an example scenario similar to that of Fig. 3, but in which the CU communicates with an S-DU and a T-DU in the SN;
  • Fig. 6B is a messaging diagram of an example scenario similar to that of Fig. 6A, but in which the CU provides the reference lower layer triggered mobility configuration to the UE via the MN;
  • Fig. 7A is a messaging diagram of an example scenario similar to that of Fig. 3, but in which the CU communicates with an M-DU and an S-DU;
  • Fig. 7B is a messaging diagram of an example scenario similar to that of Fig. 7A, but in which the CU provides the reference lower layer triggered mobility configuration to the UE via the M-DU;
  • Fig. 8A is a messaging diagram of an example scenario similar to that of Fig. 3, but in which the CU communicates with an M-DU, an S-DU, and a T-DU;
  • Fig. 8B is a messaging diagram of an example scenario similar to that of Fig. 8A, but in which the CU provides the reference lower layer triggered mobility configuration to the UE via the M-DU;
  • Fig. 9 is a flow diagram depicting an example method, implemented in a UE, in which the UE receives LTM ID(s), identifies LTM configurations based on the LTM ID(s) including cell indexes, and receives an LTM command including a particular cell index;
  • Fig. 10 is a flow diagram depicting an example method, implemented in a UE, in which the UE receives a first group LTM ID and a second group LTM ID, identifies LTM configurations based on the LTM group ID(s) including cell indexes, and receives an LTM command including a particular cell index;
  • FIG. 11 is a flow diagram depicting an example method, implemented in a UE, in which the UE determines whether to identify a first or second LTM configuration based on whether an LTM command is received on a first or second cell group;
  • Fig. 12 is a flow diagram depicting an example method, implemented in a UE, in which the UE determines whether to identify a first or second LTM configuration based on an LTM ID and based on whether an LTM command is received on a first or second cell group;
  • Fig. 13 is a flow diagram depicting an example method, implemented in a UE, in which the UE determines whether to configure a first MAC entity for a first cell group or a second MAC entity for a second cell group based on whether a received LTM configuration is associated with a first or second cell group;
  • Fig. 14 is a flow diagram depicting an example method, implemented in a UE, in which the UE determines whether to configure a first MAC entity for a first cell group with an LTM ID or a second MAC entity for a second cell group with the LTM ID based on whether a received LTM configuration is associated with a first or second cell group;
  • Fig. 15 is a flow diagram depicting an example method, implemented in a UE, in which the UE determines whether to associate an LTM configuration with an MCG or an SCG based on whether an LTM configuration is received in an MRDC- SecondaryCellGroupConfig or via an SRB3;
  • Fig. 16 is a flow diagram depicting an example method, implemented in a RAN node, in which the RAN node selects a first and second LTM ID and transmits a first and second LTM configuration and the first and second LTM ID;
  • Fig. 17 is a flow diagram depicting an example method, implemented in a RAN node, in which the RAN node selects a first and second cell index and transmits a first and second LTM configuration and the first and second cell index;
  • Fig. 18A is a flow diagram depicting an example method, implemented in an MN, in which the MN transmits an SN message to the SN indicating a plurality of LTM IDs that the SN is able to use to configure LTM;
  • Fig. 18B is a flow diagram depicting an example method, implemented in an MN, in which the MN transmits an SN message to the SN indicating a plurality of cell indexes that the SN is able to use to configure LTM.
  • Fig. 1A depicts an example wireless communication system 100 in which communication devices can implement these techniques.
  • the wireless communication system 100 includes a UE 102, a base station (BS) 104, a base station 106 and a core network (CN) 110.
  • the UE 102 initially connects to the base station 104.
  • the base station 104 can perform an SN addition to configure the UE 102 to operate in dual connectivity (DC) with the base station 104 and the base station 106.
  • the base stations 104 and 106 operate as an MN and an SN for the UE 102, respectively.
  • the base station 104 can be implemented as a master eNB (MeNB) or a master gNB (MgNB), and the base station 106 can be implemented as a secondary gNB (SgNB).
  • the UE 102 can communicate with the base station 104 and the base station 106 via the same RAT such as EUTRA or NR, or different RATs.
  • the base station 104 is an MeNB and the base station 106 is a SgNB
  • the UE 102 can be in EUTRA-NR DC (EN-DC) with the MeNB and the SgNB.
  • an MeNB or an SeNB is implemented as an ng-eNB rather than an eNB.
  • the base station 104 is a Master ng-eNB (Mng-eNB) and the base station 106 is a SgNB
  • the UE 102 can be in next generation (NG) EUTRA-NR DC (NGEN-DC) with the Mng-eNB and the SgNB.
  • NG next generation
  • NGEN-DC EUTRA-NR DC
  • the base station 104 is an MgNB and the base station 106 is an SgNB
  • the UE 102 may be in NR-NR DC (NR-DC) with the MgNB and the SgNB.
  • NR-DC NR-NR DC
  • the UE 102 may be in NR-EUTRA DC (NE-DC) with the MgNB and the Sng-eNB.
  • NE-DC NR-EUTRA DC
  • the base stations 104 and 106 operate as the source base station (S-BS) and a target base station (T-BS), respectively.
  • the UE 102 can operate in DC with the base station 104 and an additional base station (not shown in Fig. 1A) for example prior to the handover.
  • the UE 102 can continue to operate in DC with the base station 106 and the additional base station or operate in single connectivity (SC) with the base station 106, after completing the handover.
  • the base stations 104 and 106 in this case operate as a source MN (S-MN) and a target MN (T-MN), respectively.
  • a core network (CN) 110 can be an evolved packet core (EPC) 111 or a fifthgeneration core (5GC) 160, both of which are depicted in Fig. 1A.
  • the base station 104 can be an eNB supporting an SI interface for communicating with the EPC 111, an ng-eNB supporting an NG interface for communicating with the 5GC 160, or a gNB that supports an NR radio interface as well as an NG interface for communicating with the 5GC 160.
  • the base stations 104 and 106 can support an X2 or Xn interface.
  • the EPC 111 can include a Serving Gateway (SGW) 112, a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 114, and a Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW) 116.
  • SGW Serving Gateway
  • MME Mobility Management Entity
  • PGW Packet Data Network Gateway
  • the SGW 112 is generally configured to transfer user-plane packets related to audio calls, video calls, Internet traffic, etc.
  • MME Mobility Management Entity
  • PGW Packet Data Network Gateway
  • the SGW 112 is generally configured to transfer user-plane packets related to audio calls, video calls, Internet traffic, etc.
  • the MME 114 is configured to manage authentication, registration, paging, and other related functions.
  • the PGW 116 provides connectivity from the UE to one or more external packet data networks, e.g., an Internet network and/or an Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) network.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • IMS Internet Multimedia Subsystem
  • the 5GC 160 includes a User Plane Function (UPF) 162 and an Access and Mobility Management (AMF) 164, and/or Session Management Function (SMF) 166.
  • the UPF 162 is generally configured to transfer user-plane packets related to audio calls, video calls, Internet traffic, etc.
  • the AMF 164 is configured to manage authentication, registration, paging, and other related functions
  • the SMF 166 is configured to manage PDU sessions.
  • the base station 104 supports cell 124A, and the base station 106 supports a cell 126.
  • the cells 124A and 126 can partially overlap, so that the UE 102 can communicate in DC with the base station 104 and the base station 106, where one of the base stations 104 and 106 is an MN and the other is an SN.
  • the base station 104 can support additional cell(s) such as cells 124B and 124C, and the base station 106 can support additional cell(s) (not shown in Fig. 1A).
  • the cells 124A, 124B and 124C can partially overlap, so that the UE 102 can communicate in carrier aggregation (CA) with the base station 104.
  • CA carrier aggregation
  • the base station 104 can operate the cells 124A, 124B and 124C via one or more transmit and receive points (TRPs). More particularly, when the UE 102 is in DC with the base station 104 and the base station 106, one of the base stations 104 and 106 operates as an MeNB, an Mng-eNB or an MgNB, and the other operates as an SgNB or an Sng-eNB.
  • TRPs transmit and receive points
  • the wireless communication network 100 can include any suitable number of base stations supporting NR cells and/or EUTRA cells. More particularly, the EPC 111 or the 5GC 160 can be connected to any suitable number of base stations supporting NR cells and/or EUTRA cells. Although the examples below refer specifically to specific CN types (EPC, 5GC) and RAT types (5G NR and EUTRA), in general the techniques of this disclosure also can apply to other suitable radio access and/or core network technologies such as sixth generation (6G) radio access and/or 6G core network or 5G NR-6G DC.
  • 6G sixth generation
  • the base station 104 is equipped with processing hardware 130 that can include one or more general-purpose processors (e.g., CPUs) and a non-transitory computer-readable memory storing instructions that the one or more general-purpose processors execute. Additionally or alternatively, the processing hardware 130 can include special-purpose processing units.
  • the processing hardware 130 can include a PHY controller 132 configured to transmit data and control signal on physical downlink (DL) channels and DL reference signals with one or more user devices (e.g. UE 102) via one or more cells (e.g., the cell(s) 124A, 124B and/or 124C) and/or one or more TRPs.
  • DL physical downlink
  • UE 102 user devices
  • cells e.g., the cell(s) 124A, 124B and/or 124C
  • the PHY controller 132 is also configured to receive data and control signal on physical uplink (UL) channels and/or UL reference signals with the one or more user devices via one or more cells (e.g., the cell(s) 124A, 124B and/or 124C) and/or one or more TRPs.
  • the processing hardware 130 in an example implementation includes a MAC controller 134 configured to perform MAC functions with one or more user devices.
  • the MAC functions include a random access (RA) procedure, managing UL timing advance for the one or more user devices, and/or communicating UL/DL MAC PDUs with the one or more user devices.
  • the processing hardware 130 can further include an RRC controller 136 to implement procedures and messaging at the RRC sublayer of the protocol communication stack.
  • the RRC controller 132 may be configured to support RRC messaging associated with handover procedures, and/or to support the necessary operations when the base station 104 operates as an MN relative to an SN or as an SN relative to an MN.
  • the base station 106 can include processing hardware 140 that is similar to processing hardware 130.
  • components 142, 144, and 146 can be similar to the components 132, 134, and 136, respectively.
  • the UE 102 is equipped with processing hardware 150 that can include one or more general-purpose processors such as CPUs and non-transitory computer-readable memory storing machine-readable instructions executable on the one or more general-purpose processors, and/or special-purpose processing units.
  • the PHY controller 152 is also configured to receive data and control signal on physical DL channels and/or DL reference signals with the base station 104 or 106 via one or more cells (e.g., the cell(s) 124A, 124B, 124C and/or 126) and/or one or more TRPs.
  • the PHY controller 152 is also configured to transmit data and control signal on physical UL channels and/or UL reference signals with the base station 104 or 106 via one or more cells (e.g., the cell(s) 124A, 124B, 124C and/or 126) and/or one or more TRPs.
  • the processing hardware 150 in an example implementation includes a MAC controller 154 configured to perform MAC functions with base station 104 or 106.
  • the MAC functions include a random access procedure, managing UL timing advance for the one or more user devices, and communicating UL/DL MAC PDUs with the base station 104 or 106.
  • the processing hardware 150 can further include an RRC controller 156 to implement procedures and messaging at the RRC sublayer of the protocol communication stack.
  • the UE 102 in DC can use a radio bearer (e.g., a DRB or an SRB) that at different times terminates at the MN 104 or the SN 106.
  • the UE 102 can apply one or more security keys when communicating on the radio bearer, in the uplink (UL) (from the UE 102 to a base station) and/or downlink (from a base station to the UE 102) direction.
  • a radio bearer e.g., a DRB or an SRB
  • the UE 102 can apply one or more security keys when communicating on the radio bearer, in the uplink (UL) (from the UE 102 to a base station) and/or downlink (from a base station to the UE 102) direction.
  • Fig. IB depicts an example distributed implementation of a base station such as the base station 104 or 106.
  • the base station in this implementation can include a centralized unit (CU) 172 and one or more distributed units (DUs) 174.
  • the CU 172 is equipped with processing hardware that can include one or more general-purpose processors such as CPUs and non-transitory computer-readable memory storing machine-readable instructions executable on the one or more general-purpose processors, and/or special-purpose processing units.
  • the CU 172 is equipped with the processing hardware 130.
  • the CU 172 is equipped with the processing hardware 140.
  • the processing hardware 140 in an example implementation includes an SN RRC controller 142 configured to manage or control one or more RRC configurations and/or RRC procedures when the base station 106 operates as an SN.
  • the DU 174 is also equipped with processing hardware that can include one or more general-purpose processors such as CPUs and non-transitory computer-readable memory storing machine-readable instructions executable on the one or more general-purpose processors, and/or special-purpose processing units.
  • the processing hardware in an example implementation includes a medium access control (MAC) controller configured to manage or control one or more MAC operations or procedures (e.g., a random access procedure) and a radio link control (RLC) controller configured to manage or control one or more RLC operations or procedures when the base station 106 operates as an MN or an SN.
  • the process hardware may include further a physical layer controller configured to manage or control one or more physical layer operations or procedures.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates, in a simplified manner, an example protocol stack 200 according to which the UE 102 can communicate with an eNB/ng-eNB or a gNB (e.g., one or more of the base stations 104, 106).
  • an eNB/ng-eNB or a gNB e.g., one or more of the base stations 104, 106.
  • a physical layer (PHY) 202A of EUTRA provides transport channels to the EUTRA MAC sublayer 204A, which in turn provides logical channels to the EUTRA RLC sublayer 206A.
  • the EUTRA RLC sublayer 206A in turn provides RLC channels to an EUTRA PDCP sublayer 208 and, in some cases, to an NR PDCP sublayer 210.
  • the NR PHY 202B provides transport channels to the NR MAC sublayer 204B, which in turn provides logical channels to the NR RLC sublayer 206B.
  • the NR RLC sublayer 206B in turn provides data transfer services to the NR PDCP sublayer 210.
  • the NR PDCP sublayer 210 in turn can provide data transfer services to Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) 212 or a radio resource control (RRC) sublayer (not shown in Fig. 2A).
  • SDAP Service Data Adaptation Protocol
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the UE 102 in some implementations, supports both the EUTRA and the NR stack as shown in Fig. 2A, to support handover between EUTRA and NR base stations and/or to support DC over EUTRA and NR interfaces. Further, as illustrated in Fig. 2A, the UE 102 can support layering of NR PDCP 210 over EUTRA RLC 206 A, and SDAP sublayer 212 over the NR PDCP sublayer 210.
  • the EUTRA PDCP sublayer 208 and the NR PDCP sublayer 210 receive packets (e.g., from an Internet Protocol (IP) layer, layered directly or indirectly over the PDCP layer 208 or 210) that can be referred to as service data units (SDUs), and output packets (e.g., to the RLC layer 206A or 206B) that can be referred to as protocol data units (PDUs).
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • PDUs protocol data units
  • the EUTRA PDCP sublayer 208 and the NR PDCP sublayer 210 can provide signaling radio bearers (SRBs) or RRC sublayer (not shown in Fig. 2A) to exchange RRC messages or non-access-stratum (NAS) messages, for example.
  • SRBs signaling radio bearers
  • RRC sublayer not shown in Fig. 2A
  • NAS non-access-stratum
  • the EUTRA PDCP sublayer 208 and the NR PDCP sublayer 210 can provide Data Radio Bearers (DRBs) to support data exchange.
  • Data exchanged on the NR PDCP sublayer 210 can be SDAP PDUs, Internet Protocol (IP) packets or Ethernet packets.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • Fig. 2B illustrates, in a simplified manner, an example protocol stack 250, which the UE 102 can communicate with a DU (e.g., DU 174) and a CU (e.g., CU 172).
  • the radio protocol stack 200 is functionally split as shown by the radio protocol stack 250 in Fig. 2B.
  • the CU at any of the base stations 104 or 106 can hold all the control and upper layer functionalities (e.g., RRC 214, SDAP 212, NR PDCP 210), while the lower layer operations (e.g., NR RLC 206B, NR MAC 204B, and NR PHY 202B) are delegated to the DU.
  • NR PDCP 210 provides SRBs to RRC 214
  • NR PDCP 210 provides DRBs to SDAP 212 and SRBs to RRC 214.
  • event 316 is similar to event 416 of Figs 4A and 4B, event 516 of Fig. 5A, event 517 of Fig. 5B, event 616 of Fig. 6A, event 617 of Fig. 6B, event 716 of Fig. 7A, and event 717 of Fig. 7B), with differences discussed below where appropriate.
  • event 316 is similar to event 416 of Figs 4A and 4B, event 516 of Fig. 5A, event 517 of Fig. 5B, event 616 of Fig. 6A, event 617 of Fig. 6B, event 716 of Fig. 7A, and event 717 of Fig. 7B
  • the base station 104 includes a CU 172 and a DU 174 and the DU 174 operates the cell 124A.
  • the UE 102 initially communicates 302 with the DU 174 on the cell 124A using a serving DU configuration, and communicates with the CU 172 via the DU 174 (e.g., using a serving CU configuration).
  • the UE 102 in carrier aggregation (CA) communicates with the DU 174 on the cell 124A and other cell(s) (e.g., cell 124D not shown in Fig. 1A) using the serving DU configuration.
  • the DU 174 operates the other cell(s).
  • the UE 102 in communicates with the DU 174 on the cell 124A only. In some implementations, the UE 102 communicates with the DU 174 on the cell 124A and/or other cell(s) via one or multiple TRPs.
  • the cell 124A is a PCell. In such cases, the other cell(s) include SCell(s) and/or additional cell(s) associated with the PCell or an SCell. In other implementations, the cell 124A is an SCell, and one of the other cell(s) is a PCell. In such cases, the rest of the cells include SCell(s) and/or additional cell(s) associated with the PCell or an SCell.
  • the base station 104 is the DU 174, the CU 172, or the DU 174 and CU 172.
  • the UE 102 transmits UL PDUs and/or UL control signals to the base station 104 on the cell 124A and/or other cell(s) via one or multiple TRPs.
  • the UE 102 communicates UL PDUs and/or DL PDUs with the base station 104 via radio bearers which include SRBs and/or DRB(s).
  • the base station 104 configures the radio bearers for the UE 102.
  • UL control signals include UL control information, channel state information, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgements (ACKs), HARQ negative ACKs, scheduling request(s), and/or sounding reference signal(s).
  • HARQ hybrid automatic repeat request
  • ACKs hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgements
  • HARQ negative ACKs scheduling request(s)
  • the UE 102 receives DL PDUs and/or DL control signals from the base station 104 on the cell 124A and/or other cell(s) via one or multiple TRPs.
  • the DL control signals include downlink control information (DCIs) and reference signals (e.g., synchronization signal block, channel state information reference signal(s) (CSLRS(s)), and/or tracking reference signal(s)).
  • the base station 104 transmits the DCIs on physical downlink control channel(s) (PDCCH(s)) monitored by the UE 102, on the cell 124A and/or other cell(s) via one or multiple TRPs.
  • PDCH(s) physical downlink control channel(s)
  • the serving DU configuration includes physical layer configuration parameters, MAC configuration parameters, and/or RLC configuration parameters.
  • the DU 174 transmits the configuration parameters to the CU 172.
  • the CU 172 generates one or more messages (e.g., RRC reconfiguration message(s)) including the configuration parameters and transmits the one or more messages to the UE 102 via the DU 174.
  • the DU 174 transmits the configuration parameters to the UE 102 directly.
  • the serving DU configuration is CellGroupConfig IE (e.g., defined in 3GPP TS 38.331).
  • the serving DU configuration includes configuration parameters in the CellGroupConfig IE.
  • the serving CU configuration includes PDCP configuration parameters, measurement configuration parameters, and/or radio bearer configuration parameters.
  • the serving CU configuration includes a MeasConfig IE and/or a RadioBearerConfig IE (e.g., defined in 3GPP TS 38.331) or includes configuration parameters in the MeasConfig IE and/or RadioBearerConfig IE.
  • the serving DU configuration includes a CSl-MeasConfig IE or configuration parameters for channel state information (CSI) measurement and reporting.
  • the serving CU configuration includes a CSl-MeasConfig IE or configuration parameters for channel state information (CSI) measurement and reporting.
  • the UE 102 receives the serving CU configuration or the configuration parameters in the serving CU configuration from the CU 172 via the DU 174. In other implementations, the UE 102 receives a portion of the serving CU configuration and/or a portion of the serving DU configuration from a base station other than the base station 104 and the remaining portion of these configuration parameters from the base station 104.
  • the UE 102 While communicating with the base station 104, the UE 102 transmits 304 at least one measurement report to the DU 174.
  • the at least one measurement report includes Layer 1 (LI) measurement report(s) and/or Layer 3 (L3) measurement report(s) for at least one serving cell of the UE 102 and/or at least one nonserving cell.
  • the DU 174 transmits 306 a DU-to- CU message including the L3 measurement report to the CU 172.
  • the DU-to-CU message(s) of the event 306 is/are Fl application protocol (F1AP) message(s) (e.g., UL RRC Message Transfer message(s)).
  • Fl application protocol F1AP
  • the DU 174 does not transmit or refrains from transmitting the LI measurement report(s) to the CU 172.
  • the at least one serving cell includes the cell 124A and/or other cell(s), and the at least one nonserving cell includes the cell 124B and/or cell 124C.
  • the serving DU configuration or the serving CU configuration includes at least one measurement configuration.
  • the UE 102 receives one or more RRC messages (e.g., RRCReconfiguration message(s)) including the at least one measurement configuration from the CU 172 via the DU 174 in the event 302.
  • the UE 102 performs measurements and transmits 304 the at least one measurement report to the DU 174.
  • the at least one measurement configuration includes L3 measurement configuration(s) (e.g., MeasConfig IE(s)) and/or LI measurement configuration(s).
  • the LI measurement configuration(s) e.g., CSl-MeasConfig IE(s)
  • the LI measurement resource configuration(s) configure resources of reference signal(s) (e.g., CSLRS(s)) for the UE 102 to measure and obtain LI measurement results.
  • the LI measurement resource configuration(s) is/are CS1- ResourceConfig IE(s).
  • the LI measurement reporting configuration(s) configure way(s) the UE 102 uses to transmit LI measurement results/reports.
  • the LI measurement report configuration(s) is/are CSl-ReportConfig IE(s).
  • the UE 102 transmits the L3 measurement report(s) to the CU 172 via the DU 174 in accordance with the L3 measurement configuration(s).
  • the UE 102 transmits the LI measurement report(s) to the DU 174 in accordance with the LI measurement configuration(s) or LI measurement reporting configuration(s).
  • the DU 174 does not transmit the LI measurement report(s) to the CU 172.
  • the LI measurement configuration(s) are new RRC IE(s) (e.g., defined in 3GPP TS 38.331 vl8.0.0 and/or later version) for a lower layer triggered mobility (LTM).
  • the LI measurement resource configuration(s) are new RRC IE(s) (e.g., defined in 3GPP TS 38.331 vl8.0.0 and/or later version) for the LTM.
  • the LI measurement reporting configuration(s) are new RRC IE(s) (e.g., defined in 3GPP TS 38.331 vl8.0.0 and/or later version) for the LTM.
  • each of the LI measurement reporting configuration(s) includes a trigger event configuration configuring a trigger event to trigger the UE 102 to transmit an LI measurement report. If the UE 102 detects the trigger event, the UE 102 transmits an LI measurement report to the DU 174.
  • each of the LI measurement report(s) includes at least one LI measurement result.
  • the at least LI measurement result includes at least one LI -reference signal received power (Ll-RSRP) value and/or at least one LI- Signal to Interference Noise Ratio (Ll-SINR) value.
  • Ll-RSRP LI -reference signal received power
  • Ll-SINR LI- Signal to Interference Noise Ratio
  • the UE 102 transmits a PUSCH transmission including the LI measurement report to the DU 174. That is, the UE 102 transmits each of the LI measurement report(s) on a PUSCH to the DU 174. In yet other implementations, the UE
  • each of the LI measurement report(s) Is a part of the channel state information (CSI) (i.e., a CSI component) or CSI.
  • CSI channel state information
  • the UE 102 includes other CSI component(s) in (each of) the PUCCH transmission(s) and/or PUSCH transmission(s) described above.
  • the other CSI component(s) include a channel quality indicator (CQI), a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), a CSLRS Resource Indicator (CRI), a Synchronization Signal (SS)/ Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Resource Block Indicator (SSBRI), a Layer Indicator (LI), and/or a Rank Indicator (RI).
  • the UE 102 does not transmit the LI measurement report(s) in the format of RRC message(s) to the DU 174.
  • each of the L3 measurement report(s) includes at least one L3 measurement result.
  • the at least one L3 measurement result includes at least one RSRP (value) and/or at least one SINR (value).
  • the UE 102 transmits each of the L3 measurement report(s) on a PUSCH to the CU 172 via the DU 174.
  • each of the L3 measurement report(s) is an RRC message (e.g., MeasurementReport message).
  • each of the L3 measurement configuration(s) includes a particular measurement identity (e.g., measldp and each of the L3 measurement report(s) includes a particular measurement identity in a particular L3 measurement configuration.
  • the CU 172 determines that the L3 measurement report is associated with an L3 measurement configuration identified by the measurement identity.
  • the UE 102 transmits a MAC control element (CE), including the measurement report, to the DU 174 in the event 304.
  • a MAC control element CE
  • the UE 102 generates one or more MAC PDUs, each including one or more of the MAC CE(s), to the DU 174 in the event 304.
  • the UE 102 performs measurements on one or more reference signals in accordance with the at least one measurement configuration.
  • the one or more reference signals include one or more Synchronization Signal (SS)/ Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Resource Blocks (SSBs) and/or one or more CSI-RSs.
  • the UE 102 obtains the at least one LI measurement result and/or at least one L3 measurement result from the measurements.
  • the DU 174 transmits the one or more reference signals on the cell 124A and other cell(s) (e.g., the cell 124B, the cell 124C, and/or cell(s) not shown in Fig. 1A).
  • the base station 104 determines to prepare a first cell (e.g., the cell 124B) for LTM for the UE 102.
  • the base station 104 determines to prepare the first cell for the UE 102 because the at least one measurement report indicates that the first cell could be used by the base station 104 to communicate with the UE 102.
  • the base station 104 determines to prepare the first cell for the UE 102 because the at least one measurement report indicates that the first cell qualifies to be a candidate cell that could be used for communication with the UE 102. In some implementations, if the L3 measurement report(s) indicates that signal strength and/or quality of the first cell is above a first predetermined threshold, is better than strength and/or quality of the cell 124A, and/or is better than strength and/or quality of the cell 124A by a first predetermined threshold, the CU 172 determines to prepare the first cell for the UE 102.
  • the DU 174 determines to prepare the first cell for the UE 102.
  • the base station 104 determines to prepare the first cell for the UE 102 regardless of whether a measure report is received from the UE 102 or not.
  • the CU 172 transmits 308 a first CU-to-DU message to the DU 174 to prepare the first cell for the UE 102.
  • the CU 172 includes a cell identity (ID) of the first cell in the first CU-to-DU message to request the DU 174 to prepare the first cell for LTM for the UE 102.
  • the cell ID is cell global identity (CGI).
  • the cell ID is a portion of the CGI.
  • the cell ID is a physical cell ID (PCI).
  • the DU 174 In response to the first CU-to-DU message, the DU 174 generates a first LTM DU configuration (referred to hereinafter as LTM DU configuration 1) for the UE 102, which configures the first cell for LTM.
  • the DU 174 transmits 310 a first DU-to-CU message, including the LTM DU configuration 1, to the CU 172 in response to the first CU-to-DU message.
  • the DU 174 includes the cell ID 1 together with the LTM DU configuration 1 in an IE of the first DU-to-CU message to indicate that the LTM DU configuration 1 is associated with the first cell (i.e., the cell ID 1).
  • the DU 174 initiates transmission of the first DU-to-CU message to the CU 172 instead of in response to a CU-to-DU message received from the CU 172.
  • the DU 174 includes, in the first DU-to-CU message, the cell ID of the first cell associated with the LTM DU configuration 1 to indicate that the LTM DU configuration 1 is configured for or associated with the first cell.
  • the CU 172 identifies that the LTM DU configuration 1 is configured for or associated with the first cell.
  • the CU 172 includes additional cell ID(s) (e.g., cell ID(s) 2, ..., N) in the first CU-to-DU message to prepare additional cell(s) (e.g., cell(s) 2, ..., N) for LTM for the UE 102, and the DU 174 includes additional LTM DU configuration(s) (e.g., LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N), each configuring a particular cell of the additional cell(s), as described below.
  • the DU 174 includes, in the first DU-to-CU message, the additional cell ID(s) respectively associated with the additional LTM DU configuration(s) to indicate which LTM DU configuration is associated to which cell (ID).
  • the cell(s) 1 and/or 2, ..., N are candidate cell(s).
  • the CU 172 does not include a (reference) LTM DU configuration in the first CU-to-DU message.
  • the DU 174 generates a reference LTM DU configuration, generates the LTM DU configuration(s) 1 and/or 2, ..., N (i.e., non-reference LTM DU configuration(s)) based on the reference LTM DU configuration, and includes the reference LTM DU configuration in the first DU-to-CU message.
  • the CU 172 includes a reference LTM DU configuration in the first CU-to-DU message.
  • the DU 174 generates the LTM DU configuration(s) 1 and/or 2, ..., N, which are delta configuration(s) to augment the reference LTM DU configuration.
  • the CU 172 includes a reference LTM DU configuration (e.g., a first reference LTM DU configuration) in the first CU-to-DU message.
  • the DU 174 generates a reference LTM DU configuration (e.g., a second reference LTM DU configuration) replacing the first reference LTM DU configuration, generates the LTM DU configuration(s) 1 and/or 2, .. N based on the second reference LTM DU configuration, and includes the second reference LTM DU configuration in the first DU-to-CU message.
  • the reference LTM DU configuration includes physical layer configuration parameters, MAC configuration parameters, and/or RLC configuration parameters.
  • the reference LTM DU configuration is a CellGroupConfig IE (e.g., as defined in 3GPP specification 38.331).
  • the reference LTM DU configuration includes configuration parameters in the CellGroupConfig IE.
  • the reference LTM DU configuration includes a CSl-MeasConfig IE or configuration parameters for channel state information (CSI) measurement and/or reporting.
  • CSI channel state information
  • the reference LTM DU configuration is different from the serving DU configuration.
  • a portion of the reference LTM DU configuration is the same as a portion of the serving DU configuration, and the rest of the reference LTM DU configuration is different from the rest of the serving DU configuration.
  • the reference LTM DU configuration is the same as the serving DU configuration.
  • the CU 172 After receiving the first DU-to-CU message, the CU 172 generates an RRC reconfiguration message (e.g., an RRCReconfiguration message), including the LTM DU configuration 1, and transmits 316 a second CU-to-DU message including the RRC reconfiguration message to the DU 174.
  • the CU 172 includes the reference LTM DU configuration in the RRC reconfiguration message 316. In other implementations, the CU 172 does not include a reference LTM DU configuration in the RRC reconfiguration message 316.
  • the CU 172 if the CU 172 transmits the reference LTM DU configuration to the UE 102 during the event 302, the CU 172 does not include the reference LTM DU configuration in the RRC reconfiguration message 316. In other implementations, if the CU 172 receives the reference LTM DU configuration from the DU 174, the CU 172 includes the LTM DU configuration in the RRC reconfiguration message 316. Otherwise, if the CU 172 does not receive a reference LTM DU configuration from the DU 174, the CU 172 does not include the reference LTM DU configuration in the RRC reconfiguration message 316.
  • the CU 172 includes the LTM DU configuration 1 and/or the LTM CU configuration 1 in a first container (e.g., a field/IE) and includes the first container (e.g., LTM configuration 1) in the RRC reconfiguration message of the events 316 and 318. In such cases, the CU 172 generates the first container.
  • the first container functions to indicate to the UE 102 not to apply the LTM DU configuration 1 and/or the LTM CU configuration 1 immediately.
  • the UE 102 receives an RRC reconfiguration message (e.g., the RRC reconfiguration message of the event 318) including a configuration (e.g., the LTM DU configuration 1).
  • the UE 102 refrains from immediately applying the configuration. Otherwise, in further implementations, if the configuration is not included in the first container, the UE 102 applies the configuration immediately.
  • the first container is a first addition or modification list (e.g., Itm- ConfigToAddModList field, LTM-ConfigToAddModList IE, Itm- CandidateConfigToAddModList field, or LTM-CandidateConfigToAddModList IE).
  • the CU 172 includes the LTM DU configuration 1 and/or the LTM CU configuration 1 in a first element (referred to hereinafter as element 1) of the first addition or modification list.
  • the element 1 is an addition or modification IE (Itm-ConfigToAddMod field, LTM- ConfigToAddMod IE, Itm-CandidateConfigToAddMod field, or LTM- CandidateConfigToAddMod IE).
  • the UE 102 when the UE 102 receives the first addition or modification list, the UE 102 stores the first addition or modification list (e.g., in a variable in the random access memory (RAM)).
  • the DU 174 generates the first container and includes the first container in the first DU-to-CU message.
  • the DU 174 generates the element 1 and includes the element 1 in the first DU-to-CU message.
  • the CU 172 includes an LTM CU configuration 1 in the RRC reconfiguration message 316, the first container or the element 1, where the LTM CU configuration 1 is associated with the LTM DU configuration 1.
  • the CU 172 includes the LTM CU configuration 1 and the LTM DU configuration in the element 1.
  • the CU 172 includes LTM CU configuration(s) 2, ..., N in the RRC reconfiguration message 316 or the second container, where the LTM CU configuration(s) 2, ..., N are associated with the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N, respectively.
  • the CU 172 includes the LTM CU configuration(s) 2, N and the LTM DU configuration(s) in the element(s) 2, .. N, respectively.
  • the CU 172 includes, in the element(s) 2, ..., N, the LTM CU configuration(s) 2, ..., N associated with the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N, respectively.
  • the CU 172 does not include, in the RRC reconfiguration message 316, LTM CU configuration(s) for some or all of the LTM DU configuration 1 and/or LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N.
  • the DU 174 transmits 318 the RRC reconfiguration message to the UE 102.
  • the UE 102 transmits 320 an RRC reconfiguration complete message (e.g., an RRCReconfigurationComplete message) to the DU 174, which in turn transmits 322 a second DU-to-CU message including the RRC reconfiguration complete message to the CU 172.
  • the CU 172 performs security protection (e.g., integrity protection and/or encryption) on the RRC reconfiguration message.
  • the CU 172 generates a message authentication code for integrity (MAC-I) for the RRC reconfiguration message, encrypts the RRC reconfiguration message and the MAC-I to obtain an encrypted RRC reconfiguration message and an encrypted MAC-I, and transmits a PDCP PDU including the encrypted RRC reconfiguration message and encrypted MAC-I to the UE 102 via the DU 174 in the events 316 and 318.
  • MAC-I message authentication code for integrity
  • the UE 102 determines whether the MAC-I is invalid or not. If the UE 102 verifies the MAC-I is invalid, the UE 102 discards or ignores the RRC reconfiguration message. In some implementations, the UE 102 performs an RRC connection reestablishment procedure in response to the invalid MAC-I. Otherwise, in further implementations, if the UE 102 verifies the MAC-I is valid, the UE 102 processes the RRC reconfiguration. The UE 102 refrains from applying (i.e., executing) the LTM configuration 1 until receiving a configuration activation command activating the LTM configuration 1 (e.g., the event 330).
  • the events 308 (optional) and 310 are collectively referred to in Fig. 3 as an LTM preparation procedure 390.
  • the events 316, 318, 320, 322 are collectively referred to in Fig. 3 as an LTM configuration delivery procedure 394.
  • the first CU-to-DU message is a UE Context Modification Request message
  • the first DU-to-CU message is a UE Context Modification Response message or UE Context Modification Required message.
  • the CU 172 transmits a UE Context Modification Confirm message to the DU 174 in response to UE Context Modification Required message.
  • the second CU-to-DU message is a DE RRC Message Transfer message.
  • the second CU-to-DU message is a UE Context Modification Request message
  • the DU 174 transmits a second DU-to-CU message (e.g., UE Context Modification Response message) to the CU 172 in response to the second CU-to-DU message.
  • the CU 172 includes a reference LTM CU configuration in the RRC reconfiguration message 316 or the first container.
  • the CU 172 generates the LTM CU configuration 1 (i.e., non-reference LTM CU configuration) as a delta configuration to augment the reference LTM CU configuration.
  • the CU 172 generates some or all of the LTM CU configuration(s) 2, ..., N as delta configuration(s) to augment the reference LTM CU configuration.
  • the CU 172 in the RRC reconfiguration message 316 or the first container, includes the reference LTM CU configuration and does not include a non-reference LTM CU configuration. In some implementations, the CU 172 includes the reference LTM CU configuration and/or the reference LTM DU configuration in an additional container (e.g., reference LTM configuration) and includes the additional container in the RRC reconfiguration message 316.
  • an additional container e.g., reference LTM configuration
  • the reference LTM CU configuration is different from the serving CU configuration. In some implementations, a portion of the reference LTM CU configuration is the same as a portion of the serving CU configuration, and the rest of the reference LTM CU configuration is different from the rest of the serving CU configuration. In yet other implementations, the reference LTM CU configuration is the same as the serving LTM CU configuration.
  • the CU assigns an ID for the LTM DU Configuration 1
  • the CU 172 includes, in the RRC reconfiguration message, a first LTM ID (referred to herein after as ID 1) for identifying the LTM DU configuration 1 or the element 1.
  • ID 1 a first LTM ID
  • the CU 172 includes the ID 1 in the first container or element 1.
  • the CU 172 assigns the ID 1.
  • the CU 172 receives the ID 1 from the DU 174 in the first DU-to-CU message, as described below.
  • the CU 172 assigns or generates the ID 1
  • the CU 172 transmits the ID 1 to the DU 174
  • the DU 174 associates the ID 1 with the LTM DU configuration 1.
  • the CU 172 in the first CU-to-DU message, includes the ID 1 and indicates that the ID 1 is associated with the LTM DU configuration 1.
  • the CU 172 after receiving the first DU-to-CU message, transmits 312 a third CU-to-DU message including the ID 1 to the DU 174 instead of including the ID 1 in the first CU-to-DU message.
  • the CU 172 in the third CU-to-DU message, includes the LTM DU configuration 1 and the ID 1. The CU 172 further indicates the association between the ID 1 and LTM DU configuration 1. Thus, the DU 174 directly associates the ID 1 with the LTM DU configuration 1. In other implementations, in the third CU-to-DU message, the CU 172 includes the cell ID 1 and the ID 1 (i.e., the first LTM ID), and indicates the association between the cell ID 1 and the ID 1. Thus, in some such implementations, the DU 174 associates the ID 1 with the LTM DU configuration 1 based on the association between the cell ID 1 and the ID 1 and the association between the cell ID 1 and the LTM DU configuration 1.
  • the CU 172 in the third CU-to- DU message, includes the LTM DU configuration 1, the cell ID 1, and the ID 1, and indicates the association between the ID 1, LTM DU configuration 1, and the cell ID 1.
  • the DU 174 transmits 314 a third DU-to-CU message to the CU 172 in response to the third CU-to-DU message.
  • the third CU-to- DU message and third DU-to-CU message are a UE Context Modification Request message and UE Context Modification Response message.
  • the events 312 (optional) and 314 (optional) are collectively referred to in Fig. 3 as an LTM ID assignment procedure 392.
  • the CU 172 includes the ID 1, the cell ID 1, and/or the LTM DU configuration 1 in the second CU-to-DU message, as described above.
  • the CU 172 can omit the third CU-to-DU message.
  • the DU 174 includes the ID 1 in the LTM DU configuration 1, first container or element 1.
  • the DU 174 does not include the ID 1 in the LTM DU configuration 1, first container and/or element 1.
  • DU assigns an ID for the LTM DU Configuration 1
  • the DU 174 assigns the ID 1 identifying the LTM DU configuration 1.
  • the DU 174 includes the ID 1 in the first DU-to-CU message.
  • the CU 172 includes the ID 1 in the RRC reconfiguration message as described above.
  • the DU 174 includes the ID 1 in the LTM DU configuration 1, first container, or element 1.
  • the CU 172 does not include an ID identifying the LTM DU configuration 1 in the RRC reconfiguration message, first container and/or element 1.
  • the CU 172 includes the reference LTM DU configuration in the first container.
  • the CU 172 includes the reference LTM DU configuration in a field of the first container, different from a field of the first container including the LTM DU configuration 1.
  • the CU 172 includes the reference LTM DU configuration in the RRC reconfiguration message 316 and outside the first container.
  • the CU 172 generates a third container (e.g., a field/IE) to include the first container and the reference LTM DU configuration and includes the third container in the RRC reconfiguration message 316.
  • the DU 174 includes the reference LTM DU configuration in the first container.
  • the DU 174 includes the reference LTM DU configuration in a field of the first container, different from a field of the first container including the LTM DU configuration 1.
  • the DU 174 generates a fourth container (e.g., a field/IE) to include the first container and the reference LTM DU configuration and includes the fourth container in the first DU-to-CU message 310.
  • the CU 172 includes the fourth container in the RRC reconfiguration message 316.
  • the CU 172 retrieves the reference LTM DU configuration and the LTM DU configuration 1 from the fourth container and includes the reference LTM DU configuration and the LTM DU configuration 1 as described above.
  • neither the CU 172 nor the DU 174 assign an ID to identify the reference LTM DU configuration. In some implementations, neither the CU 172 nor the DU 174 assign an ID to identify the reference LTM CU configuration.
  • the LTM DU configuration 1 includes a plurality of configuration parameters for the UE 102 to communicate with the DU 174 on the first cell.
  • the plurality of configuration parameters includes physical layer configuration parameters (e.g., PhysicalCellGroupConfig IE), MAC layer configuration parameters (e.g., MAC-CellGroupConfig IE), and/or RLC configuration parameters (e.g., RLC-BearerConfig IE(s)).
  • the plurality of configuration parameters includes a special cell configuration (e.g., SpCellConfig IE) and/or one or more SCell configurations (e.g., SCellConfig IE(s)).
  • the LTM DU configuration 1 is a CellGroupConfig IE (e.g., defined in 3GPP TS 38.331). In other implementations, the LTM DU configuration 1 includes configuration parameters in the CellGroupConfig IE.
  • the LTM CU configuration 1 includes PDCP configuration parameters, measurement configuration parameters, and/or radio bearer configuration parameters.
  • the LTM CU configuration 1 includes a MeasConfig IE and/or a RadioBearerConfig IE (e.g., defined in 3GPP TS 38.331) or includes configuration parameters in the MeasConfig IE and/or RadioBearerConfig IE.
  • the LTM DU configuration 1 includes a CSl-MeasConfig IE or configuration parameters for channel state information (CSI) measurement and reporting.
  • the LTM CU configuration 1 includes a CSl-MeasConfig IE or configuration parameters for channel state information (CSI) measurement and reporting.
  • the DU 174 includes a random access configuration in the LTM DU configuration 1. In other implementations, the DU 174 does not include a random access configuration in the LTM DU configuration 1. In some implementations, if the cell 124A and first cell are not synchronized, the DU 174 determines to include the random access configuration in the LTM DU configuration 1. Otherwise, if the cell 124A and first cell are synchronized, the DU 174 determines to not include the random access configuration in the LTM DU configuration 1. In other implementations, if the DU 174 determines that the UE 102 has not synchronized in UL with the first cell, the DU 174 determines to include the random access configuration in the LTM DU configuration 1.
  • the DU 174 determines to not include the random access configuration in the LTM DU configuration 1. If the LTM DU configuration 1 includes the random access configuration, the UE 102 performs the random access procedure in the event 332 in accordance with the random access configuration, as described below. Otherwise, if the LTM DU configuration 1 does not include the random access configuration, the UE 102 skips or refrains from performing the random access procedure of the event 332 in response to the LTM DU configuration 1 excluding the random access configuration.
  • the DU 174 includes random access configuration parameters in the LTM DU configuration 1 and/or the reference LTM DU configuration regardless of whether the cell 124A and first cell are synchronized or not.
  • the UE 102 performs the random access procedure in the event 332 in accordance with the random access configuration parameters, as described below.
  • the DU 174 determines to include, in the LTM DU configuration 1, a first indication configuring the UE 102 not to perform a random access procedure on the first cell. Otherwise, if the cell 124A and first cell are not synchronized, the DU 174 determines to not include the first indication in the LTM DU configuration 1. In other implementations, if the DU 174 determines that the UE 102 has synchronized in UL with the first cell, the DU 174 determines to include the first indication in the LTM DU configuration 1.
  • the DU 174 determines to not include the first indication in the LTM DU configuration 1. If the LTM DU configuration 1 includes the first indication, the UE 102 skips or refrains from performing the random access procedure of the event 332 in accordance with or in response to the first indication. Otherwise, if the LTM DU configuration 1 does not include the first indication, the UE 102 performs the random access procedure in accordance with the random access configuration in the event 332, in response to the LTM DU configuration 1 excluding the first indication, as described below.
  • the DU 174 includes a reconfiguration with sync configuration (e.g., ReconfigurationWithSync IE) in the LTM DU configuration 1 or special cell configuration. In other implementations, the DU 174 does not include a reconfiguration with sync configuration (e.g., ReconfigurationWithSync IE) in the LTM DU configuration 1 or special cell configuration. In some implementations, if the cell 124A and first cell are not synchronized, the DU 174 determines to include the reconfiguration with sync configuration in the LTM DU configuration 1. Otherwise, if the cell 124A and first cell are synchronized, the DU 174 determines to not include the reconfiguration with sync configuration in the LTM DU configuration 1.
  • a reconfiguration with sync configuration e.g., ReconfigurationWithSync IE
  • the DU 174 determines to include the reconfiguration with sync configuration in the LTM DU configuration 1. Otherwise, if the DU 174 determines that the UE 102 has synchronized in UL with the first cell, the DU 174 determines to not include the reconfiguration with sync configuration in the LTM DU configuration 1. In some implementations, if the LTM DU configuration 1 includes the reconfiguration with sync configuration, the UE 102 performs the random access procedure in the event 332 as described below, in response to or in accordance with the reconfiguration with sync configuration.
  • the UE 102 skips or refrains from performing the random access procedure of the event 332.
  • the DU 174 includes a cell ID (i.e., cell ID 1) of cell 1 (i.e., the first cell) in the LTM DU configuration 1.
  • the cell ID 1 is a PCI.
  • the cell ID 1 is a CGI.
  • the cell ID 1 included in the LTM DU configuration 1 is a PCI, while the cell ID 1 included in the first CU-to-DU message is a CGI.
  • the LTM DU configuration 1 includes a cell index 1 indexing the cell ID 1 or the first cell (e.g., the cell index 1 is not a cell ID).
  • the cell index takes fewer bits than the cell ID.
  • the CU 172 sets the cell index 1 to a value and includes the cell index 1 in the first CU-to-DU message of the event 308.
  • the base station 104 determines to prepare additional cell(s) (i.e., cell(s) 2, ..., N) of the base station 104 for LTM for the UE 102.
  • the base station 104 determines to prepare the additional cell(s) for LTM for the UE 102 because the at least one measurement report indicates that the base station 104 can use the additional cell(s) to communicate with the UE 102.
  • the additional cell(s) include the cell 124C and/or cell(s) other than the cells 124A, 124B, and 124C. In some implementations, if the L3 measurement report(s) indicate that signal strength and/or quality of a particular cell of the additional cell(s) is above a respective predetermined threshold and/or is better than the cell 124A, the CU 172 determines to prepare the particular cell for LTM for the UE 102.
  • the DU 174 determines to prepare the particular cell for LTM for the UE 102.
  • the respective predetermined threshold(s) for the additional cells are different from the first predetermined threshold.
  • the respective predetermined threshold(s) for the additional cell(s) are the same as the first predetermined threshold.
  • the respective predetermined thresholds for the additional cells are the same or different.
  • the base station 104 determines to prepare the additional cell(s) for the UE 102 regardless of whether a measurement report is received from the UE 102 or not.
  • the CU 172 determines to prepare the additional cell(s)
  • the CU 172 initiates and performs at least one additional LTM preparation procedure with the DU 174 to prepare the additional cell(s) for LTM, where each of the LTM preparation procedure(s) is similar to the procedure 390.
  • the DU 174 determines to prepare the additional cell(s)
  • the DU 174 initiates and performs at least one additional LTM preparation procedure with the CU 172 to prepare the additional cell(s) for LTM, where each of the LTM preparation procedure(s) is similar to the procedure 390.
  • the CU 172 and DU 174 perform LTM preparation procedure(s) 2, ..., N to prepare the cell(s) 2, ..., N, respectively, similar to the procedure 390.
  • the CU 172 includes the cell ID(s) 2, ..., N in CU-to-DU message(s) 2, ..., N in the LTM preparation procedure(s) 2, ..., N, respectively, similar to the first CU-to-DU message.
  • the DU 174 In the LTM preparation procedure(s) 2, ..., N, the DU 174 generates LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N configuring the cell(s) 2, ..., N and includes the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N in DU-to-CU message(s) 2, .., N, respectively, as described for the LTM DU configuration 1. In cases where the DU 174 receives the CU-to- DU message(s) 2, ..., N, the DU-to-CU message(s) 2, ..., N responds to the CU-to-DU message(s) 2, ..., N, respectively. “N” is an integer and larger than one.
  • N is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 14, 15, 16, etc.
  • the maximum number of “N” is 4, 8, 16, 32, etc. Examples and implementations of the LTM DU configuration 1 can apply to the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N.
  • the CU 172 and DU 174 performs a single LTM preparation procedure (i.e., the LTM preparation procedure 390) to prepare the cell(s) 1, 2, ..., N.
  • the DU 174 includes the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, 2, ..., N for the cell(s) 1, 2, ..., N, respectively in the first DU-to-CU message.
  • the DU 174 in the first DU-to-CU message, includes the cell ID(s) 1, 2, ..., N respectively associated with the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, 2, ..., N to indicate that the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, 2, ..., N are configured for the cell ID(s) 1, 2, ..., N, respectively.
  • the CU 172 determines to perform the LTM preparation procedure 390, the CU 172 includes the cell ID(s) 1, 2, ..., N in the first CU-to-DU message to request the DU 174 to prepare the cell(s) 1, 2, ..., N, respectively, for LTM.
  • the CU 172 after receiving the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N from the DU 174, the CU 172 includes the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N in the first container. In some implementations, the CU 172 includes the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N in element(s) 2, ..., N, respectively, and includes the element(s) 2, ..., N in the first container. In some implementations, the CU 172 includes, in the RRC reconfiguration message, LTM ID(s) (i.e., ID(s) 2, ..., N) for identifying the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N, respectively.
  • LTM ID(s) i.e., ID(s) 2, ..., N
  • the CU 172 includes the ID(s) 2, ..., N in the first container.
  • the CU 172 includes the ID(s) 2, ..., N and LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N in the element(s) 2, ..., N in the first addition or modification list.
  • the CU 172 assigns the ID(s) 2, ..., N for the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N, respectively. In other implementations, the CU 172 receives the ID(s) 2, ..., N from the DU 174 in the first DU-to-CU message of the procedure 390. In yet other implementations, the CU 172 receives, from the DU 174, the ID(s) 2, ..., N in the DU- to-CU message(s) 2, ..., N of the LTM preparation procedure(s) 2, ..., N, respectively.
  • the CU 172 performs an LTM ID assignment procedure with the DU 174 for each of the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N, similar to the procedure 392.
  • the CU 172 includes the ID(s) 2, ..., N and the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N in the third CU-to-DU message and indicates the association between the ID(s) 2, ..., N and the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N, respectively.
  • the DU 174 associates the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N with the ID(s) 2, ..., N, respectively.
  • the CU 172 includes the cell ID(s) 2, ..., N and the ID(s) 2, ..., N in the third CU-to-DU message and indicates the association between the cell ID(s) 2, ..., N and the ID(s) 2, ..., N, respectively.
  • the DU 174 associates the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N with the ID(s) 2, ..., N, respectively, based on the association between the cell ID(s) 2, ..., N and the ID(s) 2, ..., N, and the association between the cell ID(s) 2, ..., N and the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N, respectively.
  • the CU 172 includes the ID(s) 2, ..., N, the cell ID(s) 2, ..., N and/or the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N in the second CU-to-DU message as described above. Thus, the CU 172 can omit the third CU-to- DU message.
  • the CU 172 includes the ID(s) 2, .. N in the first CU-to-DU message and indicates that the ID(s) 2, .. N are respectively associated with the cell ID(s) 2, .. N.
  • the DU 174 includes the ID(s) 2, ..., N in the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N. Thus, the CU 172 does not include the ID(s) 2, ..., N in the RRC reconfiguration message, first container, and/or element(s) 2, ..., N.
  • the DU 174 assigns the ID(s) 2, ..., N.
  • the DU 174 includes the ID(s) 2, ..., N in the first DU-to-CU message of the procedure 390.
  • the DU 174 includes the ID(s) 2, ..., N in the DU-to-CU message(s) 2, ..., N of the LTM preparation procedure(s) 2, .. ,,N.
  • the CU 172 includes the ID(s) 2, ..., N in the RRC reconfiguration message.
  • the DU 174 includes the ID(s) 2, ..., N in the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N.
  • the CU 172 does not include an ID (e.g., LTM ID) identifying each of the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N in the RRC reconfiguration message, first container, and/or element 1.
  • the CU 172 generates a second container including the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N or element(s) 2, ..., N instead of using the first container.
  • the CU 172 then transmits an additional RRC reconfiguration message, including the second container, to the UE 102 via the DU 174, similar to the events 316 and 318.
  • the UE 102 transmits an additional RRC reconfiguration complete message to the CU 172 via the DU 174, similar to the events 320 and 322.
  • the second container is a second addition or modification list (e.g., Itm-ConfigToAddModList field, LTM-ConfigToAddModList IE, Itm-CandidateConfigToAddModList field, or LTM- CandidateConfigToAddModList IE), and each of the element(s) 2, ..., N is an addition or modification IE (e.g., Itm-ConfigToAddMod field, LTM-ConfigToAddMod l , Itm- CandidateConfigToAddMod field, or LTM-CandidateConfigToAddMod IE).
  • the UE 102 when the UE 102 receives the second addition or modification list, the UE 102 stores the second addition or modification list together with the first addition or modification list (e.g., in a variable in the random access memory (RAM)).
  • RAM random access memory
  • the DU 174 includes cell ID(s) 2, ..., N in the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N to identify the cell(s) 2, ..., N, respectively.
  • each of the cell ID(s) 2, ..., N is a PCI.
  • the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N includes cell index(es) 2 , ..., N indexing the cell ID(s) 2, .. N or the cell(s) 2, .. N, respectively.
  • the CU 172 prepares the cell(s) 2, .. N for LTM in the procedure 390, the CU 172 sets the cell index(es) 2, ..
  • the CU 172 prepares the cell(s) 2, ..., N in the additional LTM preparation procedure(s)
  • the CU 172 sets the cell index(es) 2, ..., N to different values and includes the cell index(es) 2, ..., N in CU-to-DU message(s) of the additional LTM preparation procedure(s).
  • the CU 172 sets the cell index(es) 1, ..., N to different values.
  • the cell ID(s) 1, ..., N in the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N are different from the cell ID(s) 1, ..., N in the CU-to-DU message(s) described above.
  • each of the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N includes physical configuration parameters, MAC configuration parameters, RLC configuration parameters, and/or LI measurement configuration(s).
  • each of the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N is a CellGroupConfig IE (e.g., as defined in 3GPP TS 38.331).
  • each of the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N include configuration parameters included in a CellGroupConfig IE (e.g., as defined in 3GPP TS 38.331).
  • the plurality of configuration parameters in each of the LTM DU configuration(s) include a particular special cell configuration (e.g., SpCellConfig IE) and/or one or more SCell configurations (e.g., SCellConfig IE(s)).
  • the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N are CellGroupConfig IE(s) (e.g., defined in 3GPP TS 38.331).
  • the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N include configuration parameters in the CellGroupConfig IE.
  • the CU 172 includes one or more additional LTM CU configurations in at least one of the element(s) 2, ..., N, the first container, or the second container.
  • Each of the additional LTM CU configurations are associated with a particular LTM DU configuration of the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N. Examples and implementations of the additional LTM CU configurations are similar to the LTM CU configuration 1.
  • the CU 172 determines to release the LTM DU configuration M of the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N (or the element M of the element(s) 1, ..., M), where 1 ⁇ M ⁇ N.
  • the CU 172 transmits an RRC reconfiguration message to the UE 102 via the DU 174 to indicate to the UE 102 to release the LTM DU configuration M or element M.
  • the CU 172 generates a release list including the ID (i.e., LTM ID) M for releasing the LTM DU configuration M or element M and includes the release list in the RRC reconfiguration message.
  • the UE 102 releases the LTM DU configuration M or element M and transmits an RRC reconfiguration complete message to the CU 172 via the DU 174.
  • the CU 172 transmits a CU-to- DU message to the DU 174 to indicate to the DU 174 to release the LTM DU configuration M.
  • the CU 172 includes the cell ID M or the ID (i.e., LTM ID) M in a release indication (e.g., a field or IE) in the CU-to-DU message.
  • the DU 174 releases the LTM DU configuration M and transmits a DU-to-CU message to the CU 172.
  • the CU-to-DU message and DU-to-CU message are a UE Context Modification Request message and a UE Context Modification Response message, respectively.
  • the DU 174 determines to release the LTM DU configuration K. In response to the determination, the DU 174 transmits a DU-to-CU message to the CU 172 to release the LTM DU configuration K. In some implementations, to indicate that the LTM DU configuration K is released, the DU 174 includes the cell ID K or the ID (i.e., LTM ID) K in a release indication (e.g., a field or IE) in the DU-to-CU message. Eurther, 1 ⁇ K ⁇ N.
  • a release indication e.g., a field or IE
  • the CU 172 After (e.g., in response to) receiving the DU-to-CU message, the CU 172 generates a release list including the ID (i.e., LTM ID) K to release the LTM DU configuration K or element K and transmits an RRC reconfiguration message including the release list to the UE 102 via the DU 174. In response, the UE 102 releases the LTM DU configuration K or element K and transmits an RRC reconfiguration complete message to the UE 102 via the DU 174. In some implementations, the CU 172 transmits a CU-to-DU message to the DU 174 in response to the DU-to-CU message. In some implementations, the DU-to-CU message and CU-to-DU message are a UE Context Modification Required message and a UE Context Modification Confirm message, respectively.
  • the UE 102 After receiving the RRC reconfiguration in the event 318 or transmitting the RRC reconfiguration complete message in the event 320, the UE 102 transmits 324 at least one measurement report to the DU 174, similar to the event 304.
  • the DU 174 transmits 326 a DU-to-CU message, including the at least one measurement report, to the CU 172, similar to the event 306.
  • the DU 174 does not transmit the at least one measurement report to the CU 172.
  • the at least one measurement report of the event 324 includes LI measurement report(s) or L3 measurement repot(s), as described for the event 304.
  • the UE 102 transmits 324 the at least one measurement report on PUCCH(s) and/or PUSCH(s) to the DU 174, similar to the event 304. In other implementations, the UE 102 transmits 324 at least one MAC CE including the at least one measurement report to the DU 174, similar to the event 304. In some implementations, the UE 102 does not transmit the LI measurement report(s) in format of RRC message(s) to the DU 174.
  • the UE 102 transmits 324 the at least one measurement report to the DU 174 in accordance with at least one measurement configuration.
  • the at least one measurement configuration configures the UE 102 to perform measurements and report measurement results.
  • the CU 172 transmits the at least one measurement configuration to the UE 102 via the DU 174.
  • the CU 172 transmits one or more RRC messages (e.g., RRCReconfiguration message(s)), including the at least one measurement configuration, to the UE 102 via the DU 174 in the event 302 and/or 316 and/or after the event 306 or 316.
  • the one or more RRC messages do or do not include the RRC reconfiguration message of the event 316.
  • the UE 102 performs measurements on one or more reference signals.
  • the one or more reference signals include one or more SSBs and/or one or more CSLRSs.
  • the UE 102 obtains the at least one LI measurement result and/or at least one L3 measurement result from the measurements and includes the at least one LI measurement result and/or at least one L3 measurement result in the at least measurement report of the event 324.
  • the DU 174 transmits the one or more reference signals on the cell 124A, the cell 1, and/or the cell(s) 2, ..., N.
  • the one or more reference signals are CSLRS(s) or SSB(s).
  • the at least one measurement configuration includes L3 measurement configuration(s) (e.g., MeasConfig IE(s)), as described for the event 304.
  • the at least one measurement configuration includes LI measurement configuration(s), as described for the event 304.
  • the LI measurement configuration(s) are CSI-MeasConfig IE(s) (e.g., defined in 3GPP TS 38.331 vl8.0.0 and/or later versions).
  • the LI measurement configuration(s) include measurement report configuration(s). The UE 102 transmits the LI measurement report(s) on PUCCH(s) or MAC CE(s) to the DU 174 in accordance with the measurement report configuration(s).
  • the DU 174 receives the LI measurement report(s) on PUCCH(s) or MAC CE(s) in accordance with the measurement report configuration(s).
  • the measurement report configuration(s) are CSl-ReportConfig IE(s).
  • each of the measurement report configuration(s) is a new RRC IE.
  • (each of) the measurement report configuration(s) configures periodically reporting and/or event-triggered reporting of the LI measurement result(s).
  • the at least one measurement configuration includes new-type measurement configuration(s) (e.g., LTM measurement configuration(s)).
  • the new-type measurement configuration(s) are newly defined (e.g., in 3GPP TS v 18.0.0 and/or later versions).
  • the new-type measurement configuration(s) include reference signal resource configuration(s) configuring resources where the DU 174 transmits reference signal(s).
  • the reference signal resource configuration(s) include CSLRS(s) and/or SSB(s).
  • the reference signal resource configuration(s) are CSl-ResourceConfig IE(s).
  • the new-type measurement configuration(s) include measurement report configuration(s), as described above.
  • the UE 102 transmits the measurement report(s) on PUCCH(s) or MAC CE(s) to the DU 174 in accordance with the measurement report configuration(s).
  • the DU 174 receives the measurement report(s) on PUCCH(s) or MAC CE(s) in accordance with the measurement report configuration(s).
  • the measurement report(s) are LI measurement report(s) or new-type measurement report(s) (e.g., LTM measurement report(s)).
  • the new-type measurement configuration includes configuration parameters newly defined (e.g., in a 3GPP TS v 18.0.0 and/or later versions).
  • the DU 174 After (e.g., in response to) receiving the at least one measurement report in the event 324, the DU 174 generates a first LTM command to activate the LTM DU configuration 1 (i.e., the first LTM command commands the UE 102 to apply the LTM DU configuration 1 or to perform a serving cell change to the cell 1). The DU 174 then transmits 330 the first LTM command to the UE 102. In some implementations, the DU 174 transmits the first LTM command on the cell 124A to the UE 102. In other implementations, the DU 174 transmits the first LTM command on the cell 124D to the UE 102.
  • the DU 174 includes the ID 1 in the first LTM command to indicate the LTM DU configuration 1, and the UE 102 determines (e.g., identifies) the LTM DU configuration 1 or element 1 in accordance with the ID 1.
  • the DU 174 includes the cell index 1 indexing the cell ID 1 in the first LTM command.
  • the UE 102 determines (e.g., identifies) the LTM DU configuration 1 or element 1 based on the cell index 1.
  • the UE 102 then applies the LTM DU configuration 1 and/or LTM CU configuration 1 in response to receiving the first LTM command.
  • the DU 174 includes a bit map in the first LTM command to activate the LTM DU configuration 1, instead of the ID 1 or cell index 1.
  • the number of bits in the bit map is larger than or equal to “N”.
  • bit 1, ..., N corresponds to the cell index(es) 1, ..., N, the ID(s) 1, ..., N, the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N, or the element(s) 1, ..., N, respectively, and the DU 174 sets a corresponding bit (e.g., bit 1) in the bit map to a first value to indicate the cell index 1, the ID 1, the LTM DU configuration 1, or the element 1.
  • the UE 102 determines the cell index 1, ID 1, LTM DU configuration 1, or element 1 in accordance with the bit 1 set to the first value in the bit map.
  • bit 0, ..., N-l corresponds to the cell index(es) 1, ..., N, the ID(s) 1, ..., N, the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N, or the element (s) 1, ..., N, respectively, and the DU 174 sets a corresponding bit (e.g., bit 0) in the bit map to a first value to indicate the cell index 1, the ID 1, the LTM DU configuration 1, or the element 1.
  • the UE 102 determines the cell index 1, ID 1, LTM configuration 1, or element 1 in accordance with the bit 0 set to the first value in the bit map.
  • the DU 174 sets the remaining bits in the bit map to a second value to indicate that the rest of the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N are not activated.
  • the first value is one and the second value is zero. In other implementations, the first value is zero and the second value is one.
  • the DU 174 determines to activate the LTM DU configuration L or change a serving cell to the cell L, the DU 174 sets the corresponding bit (e.g., bit L or bit L-7) in the bit map to the first value and sets the remaining bits to the second value, where 1 ⁇ L ⁇ N. In some implementations, the DU 174 sets at most one bit in the bit map to the first value.
  • the at least one measurement report (e.g., LI measurement report(s) or new-type measurement report(s)) of the event 324 includes at least one measurement result for the first cell, TRP(s) of the first cell or reference signal(s) transmitted on the first cell.
  • the reference signal(s) are CSI-RS(s) or SSB(s).
  • the DU 174 determines to activate the LTM DU configuration 1 or transmit the first LTM command, based on the at least one measurement result. In some implementations, the DU 174 determines to activate the LTM DU configuration 1 because, when, or if the at least one measurement result is above a second predetermined threshold.
  • the at least one measurement result includes Ll-RSRP value(s), Ll-RSRQ value(s) and/or Ll-SINR value(s). In other implementations, the at least one measurement result includes RSRP value(s), RSRQ value(s), and/or SINR value(s) for the new-type measurement report(s).
  • the second predetermined threshold is different from the first predetermined threshold. In some implementations, the second predetermined threshold is larger than the first predetermined threshold. In this case, the at least one measurement result indicates that the first cell is suitable for communication with the UE 102. In another implementation, the second predetermined threshold is equal to the first predetermined threshold.
  • the at least one measurement result indicates that the first cell has been continuously above the second predetermined threshold or the first predetermined threshold. Such indicates that the first cell is suitable for communication with the UE 102.
  • the DU 174 determines to activate the LTM DU configuration 1 in response to the signal strength or quality of the first cell being above the second predetermined threshold for the UE 102.
  • the at least one measurement report (e.g., L3 measurement report(s)) of the events 324 and 326 includes at least one measurement result for the first cell.
  • the CU 172 determines to activate the LTM DU configuration 1 or transmit the first LTM command, because the at least one measurement result indicates that signal strength or quality of the first cell is above a second predetermined threshold.
  • the second predetermined threshold is different from the first predetermined threshold.
  • the second predetermined threshold is larger than the first predetermined threshold.
  • the at least one measurement report of the event 326 indicates that signal strength or quality of the first cell is suitable for communication with the UE 102.
  • the second predetermined threshold is equal to the first predetermined threshold.
  • the at least one measurement report of the event 326 indicates that signal strength or quality of the first cell has been continuously above the second predetermined threshold or the first predetermined threshold, further indicating that the first cell is suitable for communication with the UE 102.
  • the CU 172 determines to activate the LTM DU configuration 1 in response to the signal strength or quality of the first cell being above the second predetermined threshold.
  • the CU 172 transmits 328 a fourth CU-to-DU message to the DU 174 to activate the LTM DU configuration 1 or trigger a serving cell change to the cell 1 for the UE 102.
  • the CU 172 includes the ID 1 in the fourth CU-to-DU message.
  • the CU 172 includes the cell index 1 in the fourth CU-to- DU message.
  • the DU 174 transmits 330 the first LTM command to the UE 102 and, optionally, transmits a fourth DU-to-CU message to the CU 172.
  • the CU 172 includes the cell index 1 in the fourth CU-to-DU message.
  • the DU 174 determines to activate the LTM DU configuration 1 in accordance with the cell index 1.
  • the CU 172 includes the cell ID 1 in the fourth CU-to-DU message.
  • the DU 174 determines to activate the LTM DU configuration 1 in accordance with the cell ID 1.
  • the CU 172 includes the ID 1 in the fourth CU-to-DU message.
  • the DU 174 determines to activate the LTM DU configuration 1 in accordance with the ID 1.
  • the fourth CU-to-DU message and fourth DU-to-CU message are a UE Context Modification Request message and a UE Context Modification Response message, respectively.
  • the fourth CU-to- DU message and/or fourth DU-to-CU message are new interface messages (e.g., El application protocol (E1AP) messages (e.g., defined in 3GPP TS 38.473 vl8.0.0 and/or later versions)).
  • E1AP El application protocol
  • the DU 174 when or in response to determining to activate the LTM DU configuration 1 or transmit 330 the first LTM command, transmits 329 to the CU 172 a DU-to-CU message indicating that LTM is (being) executed.
  • the DU 174 includes the cell ID 1 or the ID 1 (i.e., LTM ID) in the DU-to- CU message 329 to indicate that the DU 174 is to activate the LTM DU configuration 1 or trigger a fast serving cell change.
  • the DU transmits the DU-to-CU message 329 to the CU 172 before or after transmitting the LTM command 330.
  • the first LTM command is a MAC CE included in a MAC PDU that the UE 102 receives from the DU 174 in the event 330.
  • the MAC CE is a new MAC CE (e.g., defined in 3GPP TS 38.321 vl8.0.0 and/or later versions).
  • the DU 174 includes a subheader identifying the new MAC CE in the MAC PDU, and the UE 102 identifies the new MAC CE in the MAC PDU in accordance with the subheader.
  • the subheader includes a logical channel ID or extended logical channel ID (e.g., defined in a 3GPP TS) to identify the new MAC CE.
  • the logical channel ID or extended logical channel ID are newly defined (e.g., in 3GPP TS 38.321 vl8.0.0 and/or later versions).
  • the first LTM command is a DO that the UE 102 receives on a PDCCH from the DU 174 in the event 330.
  • the DU 174 generates a CRC for the DO, scrambles the CRC with a first C-RNTI of the UE 102, and transmits the DCI and scrambled CRC on the PDCCH in the event 330.
  • a format of the DCI is an existing DCI format (e.g., defined in a 3GPP TS (e.g., 38.212)).
  • the format of the DCI is a new DCI format (e.g., defined in a 3GPP TS (e.g., 38.212 vl8.0.0 and/or later versions)).
  • the DU 174 does not perform security protection (e.g., integrity protection and/or encryption) on the first LTM command. This speeds up processing the first LTM command in the UE 102 because the UE 102 does not perform a security check (e.g., decryption and/or integrity check) on the first LTM command.
  • security protection e.g., integrity protection and/or encryption
  • the UE 102 after receiving the first LTM command, transmits 331 an acknowledgement to the DU 174 on the cell 124A or cell 124D to indicate that the UE 102 receives the first LTM command.
  • the acknowledgement is a HARQ ACK.
  • the acknowledgement is a MAC CE.
  • the MAC CE is an existing MAC CE (e.g., defined in 3GPP TS 38.321 vl7.2.0 and/or later versions).
  • the MAC CE is a new MAC CE (e.g., defined in 3GPP TS 38.321 vl8.0.0 and/or later versions).
  • the acknowledgement is a PUCCH transmission.
  • the CU 172 transmits 316 the RRC reconfiguration message in response to the L3 measurement report 306 for the first cell.
  • the CU 172 transmits a first RRC reconfiguration message, including the L3 measurement configuration (e.g., a MeasConfig IE), to the UE 102 before the event 306.
  • the DU 174 transmits 330 the first LTM command in response to the LI measurement report(s) 324 for the first cell.
  • the CU 172 transmits a second RRC reconfiguration message including the LI or new-type measurement configuration(s) to the UE 102.
  • the first and second RRC reconfiguration messages are the same message (i.e., the same instance). In other implementations, the first and second RRC reconfiguration messages are different messages.
  • the second RRC reconfiguration message is the RRC reconfiguration message of the event 316. In other implementations, the second RRC reconfiguration message is different from the RRC reconfiguration message of the event 316.
  • the UE 102 After (e.g., in response to) receiving the first LTM command, the UE 102 identifies the LTM DU configuration 1 in accordance with the ID 1 and applies the LTM DU configuration 1. In some implementations, the UE 102 performs 332 a random access procedure on the first cell with the DU 174 in response to applying the LTM DU configuration 1 or receiving the first LTM command. In some implementations, the UE 102 disconnects from the cell 124A after (e.g., in response to) receiving the first LTM command or after transmitting the acknowledgement. In other words, the UE 102 stops communicating on the cell 124A after (e.g., in response to) receiving 330 the first LTM command or transmitting 331 the acknowledgement.
  • the UE 102 performs 332 the random access procedure after disconnecting from the cell 124A.
  • the UE 102 determines whether to perform the random access procedure in accordance with the LTM DU configuration 1.
  • the LTM DU configuration 1 configures the UE 102 to perform a random access procedure
  • the UE 102 performs the random access procedure in the event 332.
  • the LTM DU configuration 1 includes a reconfiguration with sync configuration (e.g., ReconfigurationWithSync IE) to configure the UE 102 to perform a random access procedure.
  • the UE 102 refrains from performing a random access procedure with the DU 174 upon receiving the first LTM command. In such cases, the UE 102 skips the event 316.
  • the LTM DU configuration 1 excludes a reconfiguration with sync configuration
  • the LTM DU configuration 1 configures the UE 102 not to perform a random access procedure.
  • the random access procedure is a four-step random access procedure. In other implementations, the random access procedure is a two-step random access procedure. In some implementations, the random access procedure is a contention-free random access procedure. In other implementations, the random access procedure is a contention-based random access procedure.
  • the UE 102 communicates 336 with the DU 174 on the first cell using the LTM DU configuration 1 and reference LTM DU configuration, and communicates with the CU 172 via the DU 174, after successfully completing the random access procedure.
  • the DU 174 communicates with the UE 102 on the first cell using the LTM DU configuration 1 in the event 332 and/or event 336.
  • the UE 102 communicates UL PDUs, DL PDUs, and/or physical layer signals (e.g., PUCCH transmissions and PDCCH transmissions) with the base station 104 in the event 336.
  • the UE 102 determines that the UE 102 successfully completes the random access procedure when the UE 102 receives a contention resolution from the DU 174. In cases where the random access procedure is a four-step random access procedure, the UE 102 transmits a Message 3 including a UE identity to the DU 174 via the first cell in the random access procedure. In cases where the random access procedure is a two-step random access procedure, the UE 102 transmits a Message A including the UE identity to the DU 174 via the first cell in the random access procedure. In some implementations, if the LTM DU configuration 1 includes a second C-RNTI, the UE identity is the second C-RNTI of the UE 102.
  • the UE identity is the first C-RNTI.
  • the UE 102 transmits the dedicated random access preamble to the DU 174 via the first cell.
  • the LTM DU configuration 1 includes the dedicated random access preamble.
  • the DU 174 identifies or determines that the UE 102 connects to the first cell upon receiving the UE identity or the dedicated preamble from the UE 102 in the random access procedure 332.
  • the UE 102 directly communicates 336 with the DU 174 on the first cell in accordance with the LTM DU configuration 1 and communicates with the CU 172 via the DU 174, after (e.g., in response to) receiving the first LTM command.
  • the UE 102 directly communicates UL PDUs, DL PDUs, and/or physical layer signals (e.g., PUCCH transmissions and PDCCH transmissions) with the base station 104 in the event 336.
  • the DU 174 includes, in the LTM DU configuration 1, configuration parameters configuring resources for the UE 102 to transmit the at least one PUCCH or PUSCH transmission, and the UE 102 transmits the at least one PUCCH or PUSCH transmission on the resources, using the configuration parameters, to indicate that the UE 102 connects to the first cell.
  • the DU 174 transmits, to the UE 102, at least one DCI on a PDCCH on the first cell to command the UE 102 to transmit the at least one PUCCH or PUSCH transmission, after transmitting the first LTM command.
  • the at least one DO configures resources for the UE 102 to transmit the at least one PUCCH or PUSCH transmission, and the UE 102 transmits the at least one PUCCH or PUSCH transmission on the resources.
  • the DU 174 identifies or determines that the UE 102 connects to the first cell upon receiving the PUCCH or PUSCH transmission.
  • the DU 174 identifies or determines that the UE 102 connects to the first cell upon receiving the PUCCH or PUSCH transmission on the resources configured in the LTM DU configuration 1 or the at least one DCI.
  • the UE 102 communicates 336 with the DU 174 on the first cell in accordance with the LTM DU configuration 1 and at least a portion of the reference LTM DU configuration. In other words, the UE 102 communicates 336 with the DU 174 in accordance with configuration parameters in the LTM DU configuration 1 and the reference LTM DU configuration. Similarly, the DU 174 communicates 336 with the UE 102 on the first cell in accordance with the LTM DU configuration 1 and at least a portion of the reference LTM DU configuration. In other words, the DU 174 communicates 336 with the UE 102 in accordance with configuration parameters in the LTM DU configuration 1 and the reference LTM DU configuration.
  • the UE 102 In cases where the UE 102 receives neither the LTM CU configuration 1 nor a reference LTM CU configuration, the UE 102 communicates 336 with the CU 172 via the DU 174 using the serving CU configuration. Correspondingly, if the CU 172 neither transmits the LTM CU configuration 1 nor the reference CU configuration to the UE 102, the CU 172 communicates 336 with the UE 102 via the DU 174 using the serving CU configuration.
  • the UE 102 communicates 336 with the CU 172 via the DU 174 using the LTM CU configuration 1 and at least a portion of the reference LTM CU configuration not augmented by the LTM CU configuration 1.
  • the CU 172 communicates 336 with the UE 102 via the DU 174 using the LTM CU configuration 1 and at least a portion of the reference LTM CU configuration not augmented by the LTM CU configuration 1.
  • the UE 102 In cases where the UE 102 receives the LTM CU configuration 1 and does not receive the reference LTM CU configuration from the CU 172, the UE 102 communicates 336 with the CU 172 via the DU 174 using the LTM CU configuration 1. In such cases, the CU 172 communicates 336 with the UE 102 via the DU 174 using the LTM CU configuration 1. If the LTM CU configuration 1 is a full configuration, the UE 102 and CU 172 communicates 336 with each other via the DU 174 using the LTM CU configuration 1 instead of the serving CU configuration.
  • the UE 102 determines that the LTM CU configuration 1 is a full configuration.
  • the CU 172 determines to configure or configures the LTM CU configuration 1 as a full configuration, the CU 172 does not transmit the reference LTM CU configuration to the UE 102.
  • the CU 172 includes a first indication (e.g., a field or IE) in the LTM CU configuration 1, the first container, the element 1, or the RRC reconfiguration message 316 to indicate that the LTM CU configuration 1 is a full configuration.
  • the UE 102 and CU 172 communicate 336 with each other via the DU 174 using the LTM CU configuration 1 and at least a portion of the serving CU configuration not augmented by the LTM CU configuration 1. In some implementations, if the UE 102 does not receive a reference LTM CU configuration from the base station 104, the UE 102 determines that the LTM CU configuration 1 is a delta configuration to augment the serving CU configuration.
  • the CU 172 determines to configure or configures the LTM CU configuration 1 as a delta configuration to augment the serving CU configuration, the CU 172 does not transmit the reference LTM CU configuration to the UE 102.
  • the CU 172 indicates that the LTM CU configuration 1 is a delta configuration to augment the serving CU configuration by excluding the first indication in the LTM CU configuration 1, the first container, the element 1, and/or the RRC reconfiguration message 316.
  • the CU 172 includes a second indication (e.g., a field or IE) in the LTM CU configuration 1, the first container, the element 1, or the RRC reconfiguration message 316 to indicate that the LTM CU configuration 1 is a delta configuration to augment the serving CU configuration.
  • the CU 172 indicates that the LTM CU configuration 1 is a full configuration by excluding the second indication in the LTM CU configuration 1, the first container, the element 1, and/or the RRC reconfiguration message 316.
  • the UE 102 In cases where the UE 102 receives the reference LTM CU configuration and does not receive the LTM CU configuration 1 from the CU 172, the UE 102 communicates 336 with the CU 172 via the DU 174 using the reference LTM CU configuration. In such cases, the CU 172 communicates 336 with the UE 102 via the DU 174 using the reference LTM CU configuration. If the reference LTM CU configuration is a full configuration, the UE 102 and CU 172 communicate 336 with each other via the DU 174 using the reference LTM CU configuration instead of the serving CU configuration.
  • the UE 102 and CU 172 determine that the reference LTM CU configuration 1 is a full configuration (e.g., as defined in 3GPP TS 38.331).
  • the CU 172 includes a first indication (e.g., a field or IE) in the reference LTM CU configuration, the first container, or the RRC reconfiguration message 316 to indicate that the reference LTM CU configuration is a full configuration. If the reference LTM CU configuration is a delta configuration to augment the serving CU configuration, the UE 102 and CU 172 communicate 336 with each other via the DU 174 using the reference LTM CU configuration and at least a portion of the serving CU configuration not augmented by the reference LTM CU configuration.
  • a first indication e.g., a field or IE
  • the CU 172 indicates that the reference LTM CU configuration is a delta configuration to augment the serving CU configuration by excluding the first indication in the reference LTM CU configuration, the first container, the element 1, and/or the RRC reconfiguration message 316.
  • the CU 172 includes a second indication (e.g., a field or IE) in the reference LTM CU configuration, the first container, the element 1, or the RRC reconfiguration message 316 to indicate that the reference LTM CU configuration is a delta configuration to augment the serving CU configuration.
  • the CU 172 indicates that the reference LTM CU configuration is a full configuration by excluding the second indication in the reference LTM CU configuration, the first container, the element 1, and/or the RRC reconfiguration message 316.
  • the UE 102 In cases where the UE 102 neither receives the reference LTM CU configuration nor the LTM CU configuration 1 from the CU 172, the UE 102 communicates 336 with the CU 172 via the DU 174 using the serving LTM CU configuration. In such cases, the CU 172 communicates 336 with the UE 102 via the DU 174 using the serving LTM CU configuration.
  • the UE 102 transmits an RRC message (e.g., RRC reconfiguration complete message) to the CU 172 via the DU 174 and the first cell to indicate that the UE 102 applies the LTM DU configuration 1.
  • RRC message e.g., RRC reconfiguration complete message
  • the UE 102 includes the RRC message in the Message 3 or Message A.
  • the UE 102 transmits the RRC message after completing the random access procedure.
  • the UE 102 includes the RRC message in a PUSCH transmission of the at least one PUSCH transmission.
  • the UE 102 if the UE 102 maintains communication on the cell 124A with the base station 104 (i.e., the UE 102 does not disconnect from the cell 124A), the UE 102 transmits the RRC message to the base station 104 via the cell 124A.
  • the DU 174 receives the RRC message, the DU 174 transmits the RRC message to the CU 172.
  • the UE 102 refrains from transmitting the RRC message to the base station 104 in response to applying the LTM DU configuration 1 or receiving the first LTM command.
  • the UE 102 includes or transmits data in the Message 3, Message A or PUSCH transmission as described above.
  • the UE 102 generates a MAC PDU and/or an RLC PDU, including the data, and transmits or includes the MAC PDU and/or RLC PDU in the PUSCH transmission.
  • the data is a PDCP PDU, an SDAP PDU, an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) PDU, an RRC PDU, and/or a NAS PDU.
  • LPP LTE Positioning Protocol
  • the RRC PDU includes a UL-DCCH-Message excluding an RRC reconfiguration complete message.
  • the NAS PDU includes a Mobility Management (MM) message or a Session Management (SM) message.
  • MM Mobility Management
  • SM Session Management
  • the MM message is a 5G MM message or a 6G MM message
  • the SM message is a 5G SM message or a 6G SM message.
  • the DU 174 when the DU 174 determines that the UE 102 successfully connects to the first cell in the event 332 or 336, the DU 174 transmits 334 a DU-to-CU message (e.g., Access Success message) to the CU 172 (e.g., a CP of the CU 172).
  • the DU 174 includes the cell ID 1 of the first cell in the DU-to-CU message of the event 334.
  • the cell ID is a PCI or a CGI.
  • the CU 172 determines that the UE 102 connects to the first cell upon receiving the DU-to-CU message of the event 334.
  • the DU 174 when the DU 174 determines that the UE 102 successfully connect to the first cell in the event 332 or 336, the DU 174 transmits a DL Data Delivery Status message or frame to the CU 172 (e.g., a UP of the CU 172).
  • the CU 172 stops or suspends transmission of DL data for the UE 102 to the DU 174 until receiving the DU-to-CU message 334.
  • the CU 172 stops or suspends transmission because the DU 174 does not buffer DL data for the UE 102 during the LTM execution in the events 330 and/or 332.
  • the CU 172 After receiving the DU-to-CU message 334, the CU 172 continues or resumes transmission of DL data for the UE 102 to the DU 174. In other implementations, when the CU 172 receives the DU-to-CU message 329, the CU 172 continues transmitting DL data for the UE 102 to the DU 174. In some such implementations, the CU 172 continues transmission because the DU 174 buffers DL data for the UE 102 during the LTM execution in the events 330 and/or 332. When or after the DU 174 detects that the UE 102 accesses the cell 1, the DU 174 transmits the DL data to the UE 102 via the cell 1.
  • the DU 174 stops communicating with the UE 102 on the cell 124A and/or releases resources of the cell 124 A configured for the UE 102.
  • the DU 174 generates some or all of the LTM DU configuration 1 and/or LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N as full configuration(s) to replace the serving DU configuration. If the LTM DU configuration 1 is a full configuration, the UE 102 and DU 174 communicate 336 with each other in accordance with the LTM DU configuration 1 instead of the serving DU configuration.
  • the DU 174 includes an indication that the LTM DU configuration 1 is a full configuration in the LTM DU configuration 1.
  • the DU 174 in each of the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N, the DU 174 includes an indication to indicate that the corresponding DU configuration is a full configuration.
  • each of the indication(s) in the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N is a field or IE (i.e., the same field or IE).
  • the CU 172 includes, in the RRC reconfiguration message of the events 316, 318, a single indication that the LTM DU configuration(s) 1 and/or 2, ..., N is/are full configuration(s).
  • the CU 172 includes, in the additional RRC reconfiguration message, a single indication that the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N is/are full configuration(s).
  • the CU 172 includes, in the first container, a single indication that the LTM DU configuration(s) 1 and/or 2, ..., N is/are full configuration(s). In yet other implementations, for each of the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N, the CU 172 includes, in the first container, a particular indication that the corresponding LTM DU configuration is a full configuration. In some cases, for the second container, the CU 172 includes, in the second container, a single indication that the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, .. N is/are full configuration(s). In yet other implementations, the CU 172 includes, in the element 1, an indication that the LTM DU configuration 1 is a full configuration.
  • the CU 172 in each of the element(s) 2, ..., N, includes an indication that the corresponding LTM DU configuration is a full configuration. In some implementations, the UE 102 determines that the LTM DU configuration 1 and/or LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N are full configuration(s) based on the indication(s) above. In some implementations, each of the indication(s) above is different from fullConfig field (e.g., as defined in the current 3GPP TS). In some implementations, each of the indication(s) above is fullConfig field (e.g., as defined in the current 3GPP TS).
  • the UE 102 in the event 336 does not apply the reference LTM DU configuration if received from the base station 104 (e.g., in the RRC reconfiguration message 318).
  • the DU 174 does not include a reference LTM DU configuration in the first DU-to-CU message 310.
  • the DU 174 generates the LTM DU configuration 1 and/or LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N as delta configuration(s) that augment at least a portion of the reference LTM DU configuration.
  • the DU 174 generates the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, .. ,N based on the reference LTM DU configuration.
  • the LTM DU configuration 1 is a delta configuration
  • the UE 102 and DU 174 augment at least the portion of the reference LTM DU configuration with the LTM DU configuration 1.
  • the UE 102 and DU 174 communicate 336 with each other in accordance with the LTM DU configuration 1 and unaugmented portion of the reference LTM DU configuration.
  • the LTM DU configuration(s) 1 and/or 2..., N, first container, second container, or element(s) 1, ..., N exclude indication(s) indicating that the LTM DU configuration(s) 1 and/or 2..., N are full configuration(s) to indicate that the LTM DU configuration(s) 1 and/or 2, ..., N are delta configuration(s).
  • the UE 102 determines that each of the LTM DU configuration(s) 1 and/or 2, ... , N is a delta configuration based on the indication being excluded in the LTM DU configuration(s) 1 and/or 2, ..., N, first container, second container, or element(s) 1 and/or 2, ..., N.
  • the UE 102 determines that the LTM DU configuration 1, and/or the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, N are full configuration(s).
  • the DU 174 does not obtain a reference LTM DU configuration for the UE 102 (i.e., the DU 174 does not generate a reference LTM DU configuration for the UE 102 and/or receive a reference LTM DU configuration for the UE 102 from the CU 172), the DU 174 generates the LTM DU configuration 1, and/or the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, N as full configuration(s).
  • the UE 102 determines that the LTM DU configuration 1 and/or the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N are delta configuration(s) to augment the serving DU configuration. In such cases, the UE 102 communicates 336 with the DU 174 in accordance with the LTM DU configuration 1 and at least a portion of the serving DU configuration not augmented by LTM DU configuration 1.
  • the DU 174 does not obtain a reference LTM DU configuration for the UE 102 (i.e., the DU 174 does not generate a reference LTM DU configuration for the UE 102 and/or receive a reference LTM DU configuration for the UE 102 from the CU 172), the DU 174 generates the LTM DU configuration 1 and/or the LTM DU configuration(s) 2, ..., N as delta configuration(s) to augment the serving DU configuration. In such cases, the DU 174 communicates 336 with the UE 102 in accordance with the LTM DU configuration 1 and the at least a portion of the serving DU configuration.
  • the UE 102 uses a UE MAC entity (e.g., MAC 204B) to communicate with a DU MAC entity (e.g., MAC 204B) of the DU 174 (e.g., the events 302, 304, 318, 320, 324, 330, and/or 331).
  • the UE 102 resets the UE MAC entity, after or in response to receiving the first LTM command and before performing 332 the random access procedure or communicating 336 with the DU 174 via the first cell.
  • the DU 174 resets the DU MAC entity after (e.g., in response to) transmitting the first LTM command, receiving the acknowledgement 331, or determining that the UE 102 connects to the first cell.
  • the UE 102 when the UE 102 resets the UE MAC entity, the UE 102 performs at least one of the following actions for the UE MAC entity (i.e., UE MAC reset or full UE MAC reset): (i) initialize Bj for configured logical channel(s) to zero; (ii) stop one or more timers; (iii) consider timeAlignmentTimeris) as expired if the UE 102 is configured to perform the random access procedure (e.g., the event 332) in the configuration (e.g., the configuration 1); (iv) set new data indicator(s) (NDI(s)) for UL HARQ process(es) to value 0; (v) set NDI(s) for HARQ process ID(s) to value 0 for monitoring PDCCH in Sidelink resource allocation mode 1; (vi) flush Msg3 buffer; (vii) flush MSGA buffer; (viii) cancel, if any, triggered Scheduling Request procedure
  • the DU 174 when the DU 174 resets the DU MAC entity, the DU 174 performs at least one of the following actions for the DU MAC entity (i.e., DU MAC reset or full DU MAC reset): (i) stop one or more timers; (ii) consider limeAlignmenlTimer( ) that the DU 174 starts and/or maintains for the UE 102 as expired if the UE 102 is configured to perform the random access procedure (e.g., the event 332) in the configuration (e.g., the configuration 1); (iii) set NDI(s) for DL HARQ process(es) to value 0; (iv) flush soft buffers for UL HARQ process(es); (v) for each of the UL HARQ process(es), consider the next received transmission for a TB as the very first transmission; and/or (vi) reset one or more counters (e.g., BFI_COUNTERs
  • the UE 102 determines to partially or fully reset the UE MAC entity.
  • the UE 102 when the UE 102 resets the UE MAC entity as described above, the UE 102 fully resets the UE MAC entity (i.e., a full UE MAC reset). In the full UE MAC reset, the UE 102 performs some or all of the actions described above.
  • the UE 102 when the UE 102 resets the UE MAC entity as described above, the UE 102 partially resets the UE MAC entity (i.e., a partial UE MAC reset).
  • the UE 102 performs a subset or portion of the some or all of the actions in the full UE MAC reset.
  • the partial UE MAC reset includes at least one of the following actions: (i) consider limeAlignmenlTimer( ) of the UE 102 as expired if the UE 102 is configured to perform the random access procedure (e.g., the event 332) in the configuration (e.g., the configuration 1); (ii) flush Msg3 buffer; (iii) flush MSGA buffer; (iv) release, if any, Temporary C-RNTI; and/or (v) reset one or more counters (e.g., BFI_COUNTERs and/or LBT_COUNTERs).
  • the partial UE MAC reset further includes at least one of the following actions: (i) cancel, if any, triggered Scheduling Request procedure; (ii) cancel, if any, triggered Buffer Status Reporting procedure; (iii) cancel, if any, triggered Power Headroom Reporting procedure; (iv) cancel, if any, triggered consistent LBT failure; (v) cancel, if any, triggered BFR; (vi) cancel, if any, triggered Sidelink Buffer Status Reporting procedure; (vii) cancel, if any, triggered Pre-emptive Buffer Status Reporting procedure; (viii) cancel, if any, triggered Timing Advance Reporting procedure; (ix) cancel, if any, triggered Recommended bit rate query procedure; (x) cancel, if any, triggered configured uplink grant confirmation; (xi) cancel, if any, triggered configured sidelink grant confirmation; (xii) cancel, if any, triggered Desired Guard Symbol query; and/or (xiii)
  • the partial UE MAC reset further includes at least one of the following actions: (i) stop a first portion of the one or more timers and retain the rest of the one or more timers; (ii) set new data indicator(s) (NDI(s)) for UL HARQ process(es) to value 0; (iii) set NDI(s) for HARQ process ID(s) to value 0 for monitoring PDCCH in Sidelink resource allocation mode 1; (iv) flush soft buffers for DL HARQ process(es); and/or (v) for each of the DL HARQ process(es), consider the next received transmission for a TB as the very first transmission;
  • the DU 174 determines to partially or fully reset the DU MAC entity.
  • the DU 174 when the DU 174 resets the DU MAC entity as described above, the DU 174 fully resets the DU MAC entity (i.e., a full DU MAC reset). In the full DU MAC reset, the DU 174 performs some or all of the actions described above.
  • the DU 174 when the DU 174 resets the DU MAC entity as described above, the DU 174 partially resets the DU MAC entity (i.e., a partial DU MAC reset).
  • the DU 174 performs a subset or portion of the some or all of the actions in the full DU MAC reset.
  • the partial DU MAC reset includes at least one of the following actions in the partial MAC reset: (i) consider limeAlignmenlTimer( ) that the DU 174 starts and/or maintains for the UE 102 as expired if the UE 102 is configured to perform the random access procedure (e.g., the event 332) in the configuration (e.g., the configuration 1) and/or (ii) reset one or more counters (e.g., BFI_COUNTERs and/or LBT_COUNTERs).
  • the partial DU MAC reset includes at least one of the following actions for the MAC entity (i.e., DU MAC reset): (i) stop a first portion of the one or more timers and retain the rest of the one or more timers; (ii) set NDI(s) for DL HARQ process(es) to value 0; (iii) flush soft buffers for UL HARQ process(es); (iv) for each of the UL HARQ process(es), consider the next received transmission for a TB as the very first transmission; and/or (v) reset one or more counters (e.g., BFI_COUNTERs and/or LBT_COUNTERs).
  • the MAC entity i.e., DU MAC reset
  • the UE 102 refrains from resetting the UE MAC entity in response to receiving the first LTM command.
  • the DU 174 refrains from resetting the DU MAC entity after (e.g., in response to) transmitting the first LTM command, receiving the acknowledgement 331 or determining that the UE 102 connects to the first cell.
  • the UE 102 communicates with the DU 174 on the first cell using the UE MAC entity (not reset).
  • the DU 174 communicates with the UE 102 using the DU MAC entity (not reset) on the first cell during or after the random access procedure 332 or after determining that the UE 102 connects to the first cell.
  • the UE 102 uses at least one UE RLC entity (e.g., RLC 206B) to communicate RLC PDUs with at least one DU RLC entity (e.g., RLC 206B) of the DU 174 (e.g., the events 302, 304, 318, 320, 324, 330 and/or 331).
  • the UE 102 reestablishes some or all of the at least one UE RLC entity, after or in response to receiving the first LTM command and before performing 332 the random access procedure or communicating 336 with the DU 174 via the first cell.
  • the DU 174 reestablishes some or all of the at least one DU RLC entity after (e.g., in response to) transmitting the first LTM command, receiving the acknowledgement 331 or determining that the UE 102 connects to the first cell.
  • the LTM DU configuration 1 does or does not include one or more RLC reestablishment indications (e.g., reestablishRLC field(s)) configuring the UE 102 to reestablish some or all of the at least one UE RLC entity.
  • RLC reestablishment indications e.g., reestablishRLC field(s)
  • the LTM DU configuration 1 includes the an RLC reestablishment indication configuring the UE 102 to reestablish a first UE RLC entity of the at least one UE RLC entity that the UE 102 uses to communicate RLC PDU(s) with the DU 174
  • the UE 102 reestablishes the first UE RLC entity in response to the RLC reestablishment indication and the first LTM command.
  • the UE 102 reestablishes the first UE RLC entity before performing 332 the random access procedure or communicating 336 with the DU 174 via the first cell.
  • the UE 102 reestablishes the first UE RLC entity while or after performing 332 the random access procedure. Otherwise if the LTM DU configuration 1 does not include the RLC reestablishment indication, the UE 102 refrains from reestablishing the first UE RLC entity in response to the first LTM command.
  • the UE 102 when the UE 102 reestablishes the first UE RLC entity, the UE 102 performs at least one of the following actions for the first UE RLC entity: (i) discard RLC SDU(s), RLC SDU segment(s), and RLC PDU(s), if any; (ii) stop and reset timer(s), if running; and/or (iii) reset state variables to initial values.
  • the state variables and timer(s) are pre-defined (e.g., in 3GPP TS 38.322).
  • the UE 102 refrains from reestablishing the first UE RLC entity upon or when receiving the first LTM command. In other words, the UE 102 refrains from preforming the actions for reestablishing the first UE RLC entity of the UE 102 upon or when receiving the first LTM command. In some implementations, if the LTM DU configuration 1 or element 1 does not include the RLC reestablishment indication and includes an indication that the configuration 1 is a full configuration, the UE 102 reestablishes the first UE RLC entity of the UE 102 upon or when receiving the first LTM command.
  • the UE 102 refrains from reestablishing the first UE RLC entity upon or when receiving the first LTM command.
  • the DU 174 reestablishes some or all of at least one DU RLC entity (e.g., NR RLC 206B) that the DU 174 uses to communicate with the at least one UE RLC entity of the UE 102 (e.g., the events 302, 304, 318, 320, 324, 330, and/or 331) in response to the RLC reestablishment indication.
  • at least one DU RLC entity e.g., NR RLC 206B
  • the DU 174 reestablishes some or all of at least one DU RLC entity (e.g., NR RLC 206B) that the DU 174 uses to communicate with the at least one UE RLC entity of the UE 102 (e.g., the events 302, 304, 318, 320, 324, 330, and/or 331) in response to the RLC reestablishment indication.
  • the DU 174 reestablishes a first DU RLC entity of the at least one DU RLC entity after transmitting the first LTM command, receiving an acknowledgement for the first LTM command from the UE 102, or determining that the UE 102 connects to the first cell.
  • the acknowledgement is a HARQ ACK.
  • the acknowledgement is a MAC CE.
  • the acknowledgement is a PUCCH transmission.
  • the DU 174 when the base station 104 reestablishes the first DU RLC entity, the DU 174 performs at least one of the following actions for the first DU RLC entity: (i) discard RLC SDU(s), RLC SDU segment(s), and RLC PDU(s), if any; (ii) stop and reset timer(s), if running; and/or (iii) reset state variables to initial values.
  • the state variables and timer(s) are pre-defined (e.g., in 3GPP TS 38.322).
  • the UE 102 refrains from reestablishing some or all of the at least one UE RLC entity in response to receiving the first LTM command.
  • the DU 174 refrains from reestablishing some or more of the at least one DU RLC entity after (e.g., in response to) transmitting the first LTM command, receiving the acknowledgement 331 or determining that the UE 102 connects to the first cell.
  • the UE 102 communicates with the DU 174 on the first cell using the some or all of the at least one UE RLC entity (not reestablished).
  • the some or all of the at least one UE RLC entity includes the first UE RLC entity and/or a second UE RLC entity.
  • the DU 174 communicates with the UE 102 using the some or all of the at least one DU RLC entity (not reestablished) on the first cell during or after the random access procedure 332 or after determining that the UE 102 connects to the first cell.
  • the some or all of the at least one DU RLC entity includes the first DU RLC entity and/or a second DU RLC entity.
  • the UE 102 uses at least one UE PDCP entity (e.g., PDCP 210) to communicate UL PDCP PDUs and/or DL PDCP PDUs with at least one CU PDCP entity (e.g., PDCP 210) of the CU 172 in the event 302.
  • the UE 102 performs a PDCP recovery procedure for some or all of the at least one UE PDCP entity, after or in response to receiving the first LTM command.
  • the UE 102 performs a PDCP recovery procedure for a first UE PDCP entity of the at least one UE PDCP entity, after or in response to receiving the first LTM command.
  • the UE 102 in the PDCP recovery procedure, does or does not reestablish the first UE PDCP entity.
  • the UE 102 after or in response to performing the PDCP recovery procedure, the UE 102 retransmits at least a portion of the UL PDCP PDUs to the CU 172 via the DU 174 and the first cell in the event 336.
  • the CU 172 performs a PDCP recovery procedure for some or all of the at least one CU PDCP entity after or in response to transmitting the first LTM command.
  • the CU 172 performs a PDCP recovery procedure for a first CU PDCP entity of the at least one CU PDCP entity, after or in response to transmitting the first LTM command.
  • the CU 172 performs the PDCP recovery procedure for the first CU PDCP entity in response to receiving the DU-to-CU message 329 or 334.
  • the CU 172 performs the PDCP recovery procedure for the first CU PDCP entity in response to receiving the DL Data Delivery Status message.
  • the CU 172 does or does not reestablish the first CU PDCP entity.
  • the CU 172 after or in response to performing the PDCP recovery procedure, the CU 172 retransmits at least a portion of the DL PDCP PDUs to the UE 102 via the DU 174 and the first cell in the event 336.
  • the UE 102 refrains from reestablishing some or all of the at least one UE PDCP entity in response to receiving the first LTM command.
  • the some or all of the at least one UE PDCP entity includes the first UE PDCP entity and/or a second UE PDCP entity.
  • the CU 172 refrains from reestablishing some or more of the at least one CU PDCP entity, after (e.g., in response to) receiving the DU-to-CU message 329 or 340 or after (e.g., in response to) receiving the DL Data Delivery Status message.
  • the UE 102 communicates with the CU 172 via the DU 174 and the first cell using the some or all of the at least one UE PDCP entity (not reestablished).
  • the some or all of the at least one UE PDCP entity includes the first UE PDCP entity and/or a second UE PDCP entity.
  • the CU 172 communicates with the UE 102 using the some or all of the at least one CU PDCP entity (not reestablished) via the DU 174 and the first cell.
  • the some or all of the at least one CU PDCP entity includes the first CU PDCP entity and/or a second CU PDCP entity.
  • the CU 172 transmits 338 a CU-to-DU message (e.g., a UE Context Modification Request message) to the DU 174 to indicate to the DU 174 to stop communicating with the UE 102 and/or to release or suspend resources, of the cell 124A, configured for the UE 102.
  • a CU-to-DU message e.g., a UE Context Modification Request message
  • the DU 174 stops communicating on the cell 124A with the UE 102 and/or releases or suspends resources, of the cell 124A, configured for the UE 102, and transmits 340 a DU-to-CU message (e.g., a UE Context Modification Response message) to the CU-172.
  • a DU-to-CU message e.g., a UE Context Modification Response message
  • the events 338 (optional) and 340 (optional) are collectively referred to in Fig. 3 as a resource release procedure 396.
  • events 344, 346, 348, 350, 351, 352, 354, and/or 356 occur, similar to the events 324, 326, 328, 330, 331, 332, 334, and/or 336, respectively.
  • the UE 102 transmits 344 at least one measurement report to the DU 174.
  • the at least one measurement report includes at least one measurement result for a second cell (i.e., the cell 2).
  • the at least one measurement result indicates that the second cell is suitable for communication with UE 102 and/or the first cell is not suitable for communication with the UE 102.
  • the DU 174 determines to activate the LTM DU configuration 2 and generates a second LTM command to activate the LTM DU configuration 2 (i.e., the second LTM command commands the UE 102 to apply the LTM DU configuration 2).
  • the DU 174 then transmits 350 the second LTM command to the UE on the first cell to the UE 102.
  • the DU 174 when or in response to determining to activate the LTM DU configuration 2 or transmit the second LTM command, transmits 349 to the CU 172 a DU-to-CU message indicating LTM (being) executed.
  • the DU 174 includes the cell ID 2 or the ID 2 (i.e., LTM ID) in the DU-to-CU message 349 to indicate that the DU 174 is to activate the LTM DU configuration 2.
  • the DU transmits the DU-to-CU message 349 to the CU 172 before or after transmitting the LTM command 350.
  • the events 344, 346, 348, 350, 351, 352, 354 are collectively referred to in Eig. 3 as an LTM execution procedure 398.
  • the events 304, 306, 390, 392, 394, 324, 326, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 334, 336, 396, 398, 356 are collectively referred to in Eig. 3 as an LTM DU configuration and/or activation procedure 380.
  • the base station 104 includes a CU 172, a source DU (S-DU) 174A, and a target DU (T-DU) 174B.
  • the S-DU 174A operates the cell 124A and optionally additional cell(s), while the T-DU 174B operates a first cell (e.g., cell 124C).
  • the scenario 400 is similar to the scenario 300. Thus, the descriptions for the scenario 300 can generally apply to the scenario 400. The differences between the scenarios 300 and 400 are described below.
  • the UE 102 communicates 402 with the S-DU 174A on cell 124A using a serving DU configuration and communicates with the CU 172 via the S-DU 174A.
  • the UE 102 transmits 404, 406 at least one measurement report (e.g., L3 measurement report(s)) to the CU 172 via the S-DU 174A.
  • the CU 172 determines to prepare cell(s) 1, ..., N (operated by the T-DU 174B) for LTM for the UE 102, where N is a positive integer larger than 0 or 1.
  • the cell(s) 1, ..., N are identified by cell ID(s) 1, ..., N, respectively.
  • the CU 172 performs 490 an LTM preparation procedure with the T-DU 174B to prepare and/or request the T-DU 174B to prepare cell(s) 1, ..., N for LTM for the UE 102.
  • N is a positive integer larger than 0 or 1.
  • the CU 172 transmits a CU-to-DU message, including the cell ID(s) 1, ..., N, to the T- DU 174B to request the T-DU 174B to prepare the cell(s) 1, ..., N for LTM for the UE 102, similar to the event 308.
  • the T-DU 174B transmits a DU-to-CU message including the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N to the CU 172, similar to the event 310.
  • the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N configure the cell(s) 1, ..., N for LTM, respectively.
  • the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N include configuration parameters for communication on the cell(s) 1, ..., N, respectively.
  • the CU-to-DU message and DU-to-CU message in the procedure 490 are a UE Context Setup Request message and UE Context Setup Response message, respectively.
  • the CU 172 then transmits the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N in an RRC reconfiguration message in an LTM configuration delivery procedure 494, similar to the LTM configuration delivery procedure 394.
  • the T-DU 174B includes cell index(es) 1, ..., N in the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N, respectively.
  • the CU 172 sets the cell index(es) 1, ..., N to different values and includes the cell index(es) 1, ..., N in the CU- to-DU message of the procedure 490.
  • the CU 172 after performing the LTM preparation procedure 490, performs additional LTM preparation procedure(s) with the T-DU 174B to prepare cell(s) N+l, ..., N+M for LTM for the UE 102, where M is a positive integer larger than zero. In further implementations, the CU 172 determines to do so based on one or more measurement reports received from the UE 102 via the S-DU 174A, similar to the events 404, 406.
  • the CU 172 transmits a CU-to-DU message including cell ID(s) N+l, ..., N+M to the T-DU 174B to request the T-DU 174B to prepare the cell(s) N+l, ..., N+M for LTM for the UE 102.
  • the cell ID(s) N+l, ..., N+M identify the cell ID(s) N+l, ..., N+M, respectively.
  • the T-DU 174B transmits a DU-to-CU message including the LTM DU configuration(s) N+l, ..., N+M to the CU 172.
  • the LTM DU configuration(s) N+l, ..., N+M configure the cell(s) N+l, ..., N+M for LTM, respectively.
  • the LTM DU configuration(s) N+l, ..., N+M include configuration parameters for communication on the cell(s) N+l, ..., N+M, respectively.
  • the CU 172 then transmits the LTM DU configuration(s) N+l, ..., N+M in an RRC reconfiguration message in an additional LTM configuration delivery procedure, similar to the LTM configuration delivery procedure 394 or 494.
  • the LTM preparation procedure 490 is a UE Context Setup procedure
  • the additional LTM preparation procedure is a UE Context Modification procedure.
  • the CU 172 and S-DU 174A perform the procedure 380 with the UE 102, as described for Fig. 3.
  • the procedure 380 the CU 172 and S-DU 174A performs the procedure(s) 390 and/or 392 to prepare cell(s) of the S-DU 174A for LTM for the UE 102.
  • the value N in the procedure 380 or described for Fig. 3 is same as or different from the value N described for Fig. 4.
  • the CU 172 receives the first DU-to-CU message including the reference LTM DU configuration from the S-DU 174A in the event 310.
  • the CU 172 and S-DU 174A do not perform the procedure 380 with the UE 102.
  • the CU 172 performs a reference LTM DU configuration query procedure with the S-DU 174A to obtain a reference LTM DU configuration.
  • the CU 172 transmits 460 a CU-to-DU message to the S-DU 174A to request or query a reference LTM DU configuration.
  • the CU 172 includes an indication in the CU-to-DU message to request or query a reference LTM DU configuration.
  • the S-DU 174A transmits 462 a DU-to-CU message, including a reference LTM DU configuration, to the CU 172.
  • the indication is a reference LTM DU configuration query indication.
  • the indication is an LTM indication
  • the CU 172 includes a query indication (e.g., GNB-DU Configuration Query IE) in the CU-to-DU message.
  • the CU 172 After receiving the reference LTM DU configuration (i.e., either in the procedure 390 or in the procedure 488), the CU 172 includes the reference LTM DU configuration (e.g., received from the S-DU 174A) in the CU-to-DU message in the LTM preparation procedure 490.
  • the T-DU 174B generates the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, .. N based on the reference LTM DU configuration received from the CU 172. In such cases, the T-DU 174B does not include a reference LTM DU configuration in the DU-to-CU message in the procedure 490.
  • the T-DU 174B does not include a reference LTM DU configuration in the DU-to-CU message in the additional LTM preparation procedure.
  • the CU 172 does not include the reference LTM DU configuration in a CU-to-DU message in the additional LTM preparation procedure with the T-DU 174B.
  • the T-DU 174B generates the LTM DU configuration(s) N+l, ..., N+M based on the reference LTM DU configuration received from the CU 172.
  • the CU 172 does not provide a reference LTM DU configuration to the T-DU 174B in the LTM preparation procedure 490.
  • the T- DU 174B generates a reference LTM DU configuration and generates the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N based on the reference LTM DU configuration.
  • the T-DU 174B includes the reference LTM DU configuration in the DU-to-CU message in the procedure 490.
  • the CU 172 transmits the reference LTM DU configuration in the RRC reconfiguration message in the procedure 490.
  • the T-DU 174B In cases regarding the additional LTM preparation procedure, the T-DU 174B generates the LTM DU configuration(s) N+l, ..., N+M based on the reference LTM DU configuration. In some such cases, the T-DU 174B does not include the reference LTM DU configuration in the DU-to-CU message in the additional LTM preparation procedure. In some implementations, the reference LTM DU configuration that the T-DU 174B generates is different from the reference LTM DU configuration that the S-DU 174A generates. In other implementations, the reference LTM DU configuration that the T-DU 174B generates is the same as the reference LTM DU configuration that the S-DU 174A generates.
  • the CU 172 assigns ID(s) 1, ..., N identifying the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N (e.g., received from the T-DU 174B), respectively, and performs the procedure 492 with the T-DU 174B to provide the ID(s) 1, ..., N and/or cell ID(s) 1, ..., N to the T-DU 174B, similar to the procedure 392.
  • the T-DU 174B associates the ID(s) 1, ..., N with the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N and/or the cell ID(s) 1, ..., N, respectively.
  • the T-DU 174B assigns ID(s) 1, ..., N identifying the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, N (e.g., generated by the T-DU 174B), respectively and includes the ID(s) 1, .. N in the DU-to-CU message of the procedure 490, similar to the event 310.
  • the CU 172 assigns ID(s) N+l, ..., N+M identifying the LTM DU configuration(s) N+l, ..., N+M, respectively, and performs a procedure (similar to the procedure 492) with the T-DU 174B to provide the ID(s) N+l, ..., N+M and/or cell ID(s) N+l, ..., N+M to the T-DU 174B, similar to the procedure 392.
  • the T-DU 174B associates the ID(s) N+l, ..., N+M with the LTM DU configuration(s) N+l, ..., N+M and/or the cell ID(s) N+l, ..., N+M, respectively.
  • the T- DU 174B assigns ID(s) N+l, ..., N+M identifying the LTM DU configuration(s) N+l, ..., N+M, respectively and includes the ID(s) 1, ..., N in the DU-to-CU message of the additional LTM preparation procedure, similar to the event 310.
  • the CU 172 transmits 412 a CU-to-DU message, including the ID(s) 1, ..., N, to the S-DU 174A and receives 414 a DU-to-CU message from the S-DU 174A in response.
  • the CU-to-DU message 412 and DU-to-CU message 414 are collectively referred to in Fig. 4 as an LTM ID transfer procedure or an LTM cell index transfer procedure 493.
  • the message 412 and message 414 are a UE Context Modification Request message and UE Context Modification Response message, respectively.
  • the CU 172 includes the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N and/or cell ID(s) 1, ..., N in the CU-to-DU message 412. In some implementations, the CU 172 includes the ID(s) 1, ..., N in the CU-to-DU message 412. In further implementations, the CU 172 includes the cell index(es) 1, ..., N in the CU-to-DU message 412. In some alternative implementations, the CU 172 performs multiple LTM ID transfer procedures to transmit the ID(s) 1, ..., N, cell ID(s) 1, ..., N and/or LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N to the S-DU 174A.
  • the CU 172 includes particular portion of the ID(s) 1, ..., N, cell ID(s) 1, ..., N and/or LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N in a CU- to-DU message similar to the message 412.
  • the S-DU 174A associates the ID(s) 1, ..., N with the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N and/or the cell ID(s) 1, ..., N, respectively.
  • the CU 172 performs multiple LTM cell index transfer procedures to transmit the cell index(es) 1, ..., N, cell ID(s) 1, ..., N, and/or LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N to the S-DU 174A.
  • the CU 172 includes particular portion of the cell index(es) 1, ..., N, cell ID(s) 1, ..., N, and/or LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N in a CU-to-DU message, similar to the message 412.
  • the S- DU 174A associates the cell index(es) 1, N with the LTM DU configuration(s) 1, N and/or the cell ID(s) 1, .. N, respectively.
  • the CU 172 transmits a CU-to-DU message, including the ID(s) N+l, ..., N+M, to the S-DU 174A and receives a DU-to-CU message from the S- DU 174A in response, similar to the CU-to-DU message 412 and the DU-to-CU message 414, respectively.
  • the CU 172 includes the LTM DU configuration(s) N+l, ..., N+M and/or cell ID(s) N+l, ..., N+M in the CU-to-DU message.
  • the CU 172 performs multiple LTM ID transfer procedures to transmit the ID(s) N+l, ..., N+M, cell ID(s) N+l, ..., N+M and/or LTM DU configuration(s) N+l, ..., N+M to the S-DU 174A.
  • the CU 172 includes particular portion of the ID(s) N+l, ..., N+M, cell ID(s) N+l, ..., N+M and/or LTM DU configuration(s) 1, ..., N in a CU-to-DU message similar to the message 412.
  • the S-DU 174A associates the ID(s) N+l, ..., N+M with the LTM DU configuration(s) N+l, ..., N+M and/or the cell ID(s) N+l, ..., N+M, respectively.
  • value(s) of the ID(s) 1, ..., N of the procedure 380 are different from value(s) of the ID(s) 1, ...., N and the ID(s) N+l ,...., N+M described for the scenario 400.
  • value(s) of the cell ID(s) 1, ..., N of the procedure 380 are different from value(s) of the cell ID(s) 1, ...., N and the cell ID(s) N+l ,...., N+M described for the scenario 400.
  • value(s) of the cell index(es) 1, ..., N of the procedure 380 are different from value(s) of the cell index(es) 1, ...., N and the cell index(es) N+l ,...., N+M described for the scenario 400.
  • the UE 102 transmits 424 at least one measurement report to the S-DU 174A, similar to the event 324.
  • the at least one measurement report (e.g., LI measurement report(s)) includes an event ID, first measurement result(s) for the cell 1 of the T-DU 174B, and/or second measurement result(s) for the cell 124A.
  • the first measurement result(s) are or include RSRP, RSRQ, and/or SINR that the UE 102 obtains from reference signal(s) transmitted on the cell 1.
  • the second measurement result(s) are or include RSRP, RSRQ, and/or SINR that the UE 102 obtains from reference signal(s) transmitted on the cell 124A.
  • the event ID, RSRP, RSRQ, and/or SINR are Ll-event ID, Ll-RSRP, Ll-RSRQ, and/or Ll-SINR, respectively.
  • the S-DU 174A transmits 430 a first LTM command (i.e., LTM command 1), including the ID 1, to the UE 102 to order the UE 102 to perform a serving cell change to the cell 1 of the T-DU 174B.
  • the first LTM command includes the ID 1.
  • the first LTM command includes the cell index 1.
  • the UE 102 after (e.g., in response to) receiving the first LTM command, the UE 102 does or does not perform 432 a random access procedure with the T-DU 174B, similar to the event 332.
  • the UE 102 after (e.g., in response to) receiving the first LTM command or completing the random access procedure 432, the UE 102 communicates 436 with the T-DU 174B on the first cell using the LTM DU configuration 1 and/or reference LTM DU configuration and communicates with the CU 172 via the T-DU 174B, similar to the event 336.
  • the serving cell if a serving cell change occurs in the procedure 380, the serving cell is the cell 1 or cell 2 of the S-DU 174A.
  • the serving cell is the cell 124A. If the first LTM command includes the ID 1, the UE 102 identifies the LTM DU configuration 1 and/or cell ID 1 (i.e., the cell 1) based on the ID 1, as described with regard to Eig. 3. If the first LTM command includes the cell index 1, the UE 102 identifies the LTM DU configuration 1, cell ID 1 (i.e., the cell 1), and/or LTM ID 1 based on the cell index 1, as described with regard to Eig. 3. The UE 102 applies the LTM DU configuration 1 to communicate with the T-DU 174B after (e.g., in response to) receiving the first LTM command or successfully accessing the cell 1.
  • the S-DU 174A when or in response to determining to activate the LTM DU configuration 1 or transmit the first LTM command 430, transmits 429, to the CU 172, a DU-to-CU message indicating that LTM is being executed.
  • the S-DU 174A includes the cell ID 1 or the ID 1 (i.e., LTM ID) in the DU- to-CU message 429 to indicate that the S-DU 174A is to activate the LTM DU configuration 1 or trigger a fast serving cell change.
  • the S-DU 174A transmits the DU-to-CU message 429 to the CU 172 before or after transmitting the LTM command 430.
  • the CU 172 stops or suspends transmission of DL data for the UE 102 to the S-DU 174A until receiving the DU-to-CU message 434.
  • the CU 172 starts, continues, or resumes transmission of DL data for the UE 102 to the T-DU 174B.
  • the T-DU 174B detects that the UE 102 accesses the cell 1, the T-DU 174B transmits the DL data to the UE 102 via the cell 1.
  • the resource release procedure 496 can be similar to the procedure 396.
  • the CU 172 transmits a CU-to-DU message (e.g., a UE Context Release Command message) to the S-DU 174A to release a UE context of the UE 102.
  • the S-DU 174A releases a UE context of the UE 102 and transmits 440 a DU-to-CU message (e.g., a UE Context Release Complete message) to the CU-172.
  • a CU-to-DU message e.g., a UE Context Release Command message
  • a scenario 500A the base station 106 operates as an MN, and the base station 104 operates as an SN.
  • the SN 104 includes a CU 172 and a DU 174.
  • the scenario 500A is similar to the scenario 300, except that the scenario 500A is a DC scenario and the scenario 300 is a single connectivity (SC) scenario.
  • the MN 106 can include a CU and a DU similar to the base station 104 of Fig. 3.
  • the UE 102 in DC communicates with the MN 106 and with the SN 104.
  • the UE 102 communicates with the DU 174 on cell 124A using a serving DU configuration and communicates with the CU 172 via the DU 174 using a serving CU configuration, similar to the event 302.
  • the UE 102 does not communicate with the CU 172 via the DU 174 in the event 302.
  • the UE 102 in DC communicates 502 UL PDUs and/or DL PDUs with the MN 106 and/or SN 104 via radio bearers which, depending on the implementation, include SRBs and/or DRB(s).
  • the MN 106 and/or the SN 104 configure the radio bearers to the UE 102.
  • the UE 102 in DC communicates 502 UL PDUs and/or DL PDUs with the SN 104 on an SCG (i.e., SCG radio resources) that the SN 104 configures for communication with the UE 102.
  • the UE 102 in DC communicates UL PDUs and/or DL PDUs with the MN 106 on an MCG (i.e., MCG radio resources) in accordance with an MN configuration (i.e., MCG configuration).
  • the serving DU configuration is an SN configuration (i.e., SCG configuration).
  • the MN 106 configures the MCG which includes at least one serving cell (e.g., the cell 126 and/or other cell(s)) operated by the MN 106.
  • the SN 106A configures the SCG which includes at least one serving cell (e.g., the cell 124A and/or other cell(s)) operated by the SN 104.
  • the MN configuration includes multiple configuration parameters, and the UE 102 receives the configuration parameters in one or more RRC messages from the MN 106.
  • the serving DU configuration includes multiple configuration parameters.
  • the UE 102 receives the configuration parameters in one or more RRC messages from the SN 104 (e.g., via the MN 106 and/or on an SRB (e.g., SRB3) that the MN 106 or SN 104 configures to exchange RRC messages between the UE 102 and the SN 104).
  • SRB e.g., SRB3
  • the MN 106 while the UE 102 communicates in DC with the MN 106 and SN 104, the MN 106 performs 580 an LTM DU configuration and/or activation procedure with the UE 102, similar to the procedures 380 and/or 480. In some implementations, while communicating in DC with the MN 106 and SN 104, the UE 102 transmits the at least one measurement report to the CU 172 via the DU 174 and cell 124A in the events 504 and 506, similar to the events 304 and 306, respectively. In other implementations, while communicating in DC with the MN 106 and SN 104, the UE 102 transmits 505 at least one measurement report to the MN 106 via the cell 126.
  • the MN 106 in turn transmits 507 the at least one measurement report to the CU 172.
  • the MN 106 generates at least one SN message, including the at least one measurement report, and transmits the at least one SN message to the CU 172 in the event 507.
  • the at least one SN message include RRC Transfer message(s) and/or SN Modification Request message(s).
  • the SN 104 determines to prepare the first cell for the UE 102, as described for Fig. 3.
  • the events 590, 592, 594, 524, 526, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 534, 536, 596, 598, and 556 are similar to the events 390, 392, 394, 324, 326, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 334, 336, 396, 398, and 356, respectively.
  • the UE 102 operating in DC with the MN 106 and SN 104 communicates 536 with the DU 174 on the first cell in accordance with the LTM DU configuration 1 and communicates 536 with the CU 172 via the DU 174, similar to the event 336.
  • the DU 174 and/or CU 172 performs the LTM execution procedure 598 with the UE 102 to command the UE 102 to perform a cell change from the first cell to the second cell, similar to the procedure 398 or 498.
  • the UE 102 operating in DC with the MN 106 and SN 104 communicates 556 with the DU 174 on the second cell in accordance with the LTM DU configuration 2 and communicates 556 with the CU 172 via the DU 174, similar to the event 356.
  • the events 504, 506, 505, 507, 590, 592, 594, 524, 526, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 534, 536, 596, 598, 556 are collectively referred to in Fig. 5A as an LTM DU configuration and/or activation procedure 581.
  • a scenario 500B is generally similar to the scenario 500A, except that the SN 104 transmits 517, 519 the RRC reconfiguration message to the UE 102 via the MN 106 and receives 521, 523 the RRC reconfiguration complete message from the UE 102 via the MN 106.
  • the RRC reconfiguration message 517, 519 is similar to the RRC reconfiguration message 316, 318.
  • the RRC reconfiguration complete message 521, 523 is similar to the RRC reconfiguration message 320, 322.
  • the SN 104 generates a first SN message (e.g., SN Modification Required message, SN Modification Required message, or RRC Transfer message), including the RRC reconfiguration message, and transmits the first SN message to the MN 106 in the event 517.
  • the MN 106 generates an MN RRC message including the RRC reconfiguration message and transmits 519 the MN RRC message to the UE 102.
  • the UE 102 generates an MN RRC response message including the RRC reconfiguration complete message and transmits 521 the MN RRC response message to the MN 106.
  • the MN 106 generates a second SN message (e.g., SN Reconfiguration Complete message or RRC Transfer message) including the RRC reconfiguration complete message and transmits the second SN message to the SN 104 in the event 523.
  • a second SN message e.g., SN Reconfiguration Complete message or RRC Transfer message
  • the MN RRC message and MN RRC response message are an RRC reconfiguration message and an RRC reconfiguration complete message, respectively.
  • Fig. 5B The events 504, 506, 505, 507, 590, 592, 594, 517, 519, 521, 523, 524, 526, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 534, 536, 596, 598, 556 are collectively referred to in Fig. 5B as an LTM DU configuration and/or activation procedure 582.
  • Fig. 6A Referring next to Fig. 6A, in a scenario 600A, the base station 106 operates as an MN, and the base station 104 operates as an SN, similar to the scenarios 300-500B.
  • the SN 104 includes a CU 172, an S-DU 174A and a T-DU 174B, similar to the base station 104 in the scenario 400.
  • the MN 106 performs 680 an LTM DU configuration and/or activation procedure with the UE 102, similar to the procedures 380 and/or 480.
  • the CU 172 while the UE 102 communicates in DC with the M-DU 174A and S-DU 174B, the CU 172 performs 681 an LTM DU configuration and/or activation procedure with the UE 102 via the M-DU 174A or S-DU 174B, similar to the procedure 581 or 582.
  • a scenario 600B is similar to the scenarios 300-500B and 600A, except that that the SN 104 transmits 617, 619 the RRC reconfiguration message to the UE 102 via the MN 106 and receives 621, 623 the RRC reconfiguration complete message from the UE 102 via the MN 106.
  • the base station 104 operates as an MN and an SN, similar to the scenarios 300-600B.
  • the base station 104 includes a CU 172, a master DU (M-DU) 174A and a secondary DU (S-DU) 174B.
  • the CU 172 operates with the M-DU 174A as an MN, similar to the base station 104 in the Fig. 3 or the MN 106 in Figs. 5A-6B, and the CU 172 operates with the S-DU 174B as an SN, similar to the SN 104 in Figs. 5A-6B.
  • the UE 102 initially communicates 702 in DC with the M-DU 174A and S-DU 174B and communicates 702 with the CU 172 via the M-DU 174A and S- DU 174B.
  • the UE 102 communicates with the S-DU 174B on cell 124A using a serving DU configuration and communicates with the CU 172 via the S-DU 174B using a serving CU configuration, similar to the event 302.
  • Events 704 and 706 are similar to the events 304 and 306.
  • the UE 102 transmits 705 at least one measurement report to the M-DU 174A, similar to the event 304.
  • the M-DU 174A transmits 707 at least one DU-to-CU message including the at least one measurement report to the CU 172, similar to the event 306.
  • the CU 172 performs 780 an LTM DU configuration and/or activation procedure with the UE 102 via the M-DU 174A, similar to the procedure 380.
  • the events 704, 706, 705, 707, 790, 792, 794, 724, 726, 728, 729, 730, 731, 732, 734, 736, 796, 798, 756 are collectively referred to in Fig. 7A as an LTM configuration and/or activation procedure 781.
  • a scenario 700B similar to the scenarios 300-600B and 700A, except that that the CU 172 transmits 717, 719 the RRC reconfiguration message to the UE 102 via the M-DU 174A and receives 721, 723 the RRC reconfiguration complete message from the UE 102 via the M-DU 174A.
  • the events 704, 706, 705, 707, 790, 792, 794, 717, 719, 721, 723, 724, 726, 728, 729, 730, 731, 732, 734, 736, 796, 798, 756 are collectively referred to in Fig. 7B as an LTM DU configuration and/or activation procedure 782.
  • the base station 104 operates as an MN and an SN, similar to the scenarios 300-700B.
  • the base station 104 includes a CU 172, a master DU (M-DU) 174A, a secondary DU (S-DU) 174B and a target secondary DU T- DU) 174C.
  • the CU 172 operates with the M-DU 174A as a MN and operates with the S-DU 174B as a SN.
  • the CU 172 while the UE 102 communicates in DC with the M- DU 174A and S-DU 174B, the CU 172 performs 880 an LTM DU configuration and/or activation procedure with the UE 102 via the M-DU 174A, similar to the procedure 380. In some implementations, while the UE 102 communicates in DC with the M-DU 174A and S- DU 174B, the CU 172 performs 881 an LTM DU configuration and/or activation procedure with the UE 102 via the S-DU 174A, similar to the procedure 581 or 582.
  • a scenario 800B similar to the scenarios 300-700B and 800A, except that that the CU 172 transmits 817, 819 the RRC reconfiguration message to the UE 102 via the M-DU 174A and receives 821, 823 the RRC reconfiguration complete message from the UE 102 via the M-DU 174A.
  • a RAN node such as a DU or a CU and/or a UE to support configuring a configuration for LTM
  • a RAN node such as a DU or a CU and/or a UE to support configuring a configuration for LTM
  • Examples and implementations described for Figs. 3-8B can apply to Figs. 9-18B.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates an example method 900, which a UE (e.g., the UE 102) can implement, for performing a fast serving cell with a RAN (e.g., the DU 174, the base station 104 or 106, or the RAN 105).
  • the method 900 begins at block 902, where the UE receives LTM ID(s) 1, .. N and LTM configuration(s) 1, ..
  • the LTM ID(s) 1, ..., N identify the LTM configuration(s) 1, ..., N, respectively, and the LTM configuration(s) 1, ..., N include cell index(es) 1, ..., N, respectively (e.g., events 316, 318, 394, 380, 494, 480, 580, 594, 517, 519, 581, 582, 680, 694, 617, 619, 681, 682, 780, 794, 717, 719, 781, 782, 880, 894, 817, 819, 881, 882).
  • the UE receives LTM ID(s) N+l, ..., N+M and LTM configuration(s) N+l, ..., N+M from the RAN, where the LTM ID(s) N+l, ..., N+M identify the LTM configuration(s) N+l, ..., N+M, respectively, and the LTM configuration(s) N+l, ..., N+M include cell index(es) N+l, ..., N+M, respectively (e.g., events 316, 318, 394, 380, 494, 480, 580, 594, 517, 519, 581, 582, 680, 694, 617, 619, 681, 682, 780, 794, 717, 719, 781, 782, 880, 894, 817, 819, 881, 882).
  • the UE receives an LTM command, including the cell index K, from the RAN, where 1 ⁇ K ⁇ N (e.g., events 330, 380, 430, 480, 580, 530, 581, 582, 680, 630, 681, 682, 780, 730, 781, 782, 880, 830, 881, 882).
  • the UE identifies the LTM configuration K and cell ID K, based on the cell index K.
  • the UE accesses cell K identified by the cell ID K (e.g., events 332, 380, 432, 480, 580, 532, 581, 582, 680, 632, 681, 682, 780, 732, 781, 782, 880, 832, 881, 882).
  • the UE communicates with the RAN via the cell K using the LTM configuration K (e.g., events 336, 380, 436, 480, 580, 536, 581, 582, 680, 636, 681, 682, 780, 736, 781, 782, 880, 836, 881, 882).
  • the UE receives an LTM command, including the cell index L, from the UE, where 1 ⁇ L ⁇ N (e.g., events 350, 398, 380, 450, 498, 480, 580, 598, 581, 582, 680, 698, 681, 682, 780, 798, 781, 782, 880, 898, 881, 882).
  • the UE identifies the LTM configuration L and cell ID L, based on the cell index L.
  • the UE accesses cell L identified by the cell ID L (e.g., events 352, 398, 380, 452, 498, 480, 580, 598, 581, 582, 680, 698, 681, 682, 780, 798, 781, 782, 880, 898, 881, 882).
  • the UE communicates with the RAN via the cell L using the LTM configuration L (e.g., events 356, 380, 456, 480, 580, 556, 581, 582, 680, 656, 681, 682, 780, 756, 781, 782, 880, 856, 881, 882).
  • the reference LTM configuration includes a reference LTM CU configuration and/or a reference LTM DU configuration.
  • each of the LTM configuration(s) 1, ..., N includes an (e.g., non-reference) LTM CU configuration and an (e.g., non-reference) LTM DU configuration.
  • the LTM (DU) configuration(s) 1, ..., N include cell ID(s) 1, ..., N, respectively.
  • the cell ID(s) 1, N are PCI(s) 1, N, respectively.
  • Fig. 10 illustrates an example method 1000, which a UE (e.g., the UE 102) can implement, for performing a fast serving cell with a RAN (e.g., the DU 174, the base station 104 or 106, or the RAN 105).
  • a UE e.g., the UE 102
  • a RAN e.g., the DU 174, the base station 104 or 106, or the RAN 105.
  • the method 1000 begins at block 1002, where the UE receives a first LTM group ID; LTM ID(s) 1, ..., N; and LTM configuration(s) 1, ..., N from the RAN, where the LTM ID(s) 1, ..., N identify the LTM configuration(s) 1, ..., N, respectively, and the LTM configuration(s) 1, ..., N include cell index(es) 1, ..., N, respectively.
  • the UE receives a second LTM group ID; LTM ID(s) N+l, ..., N+M; and LTM configuration(s) N+l, ..., N+M from the RAN, where the LTM ID(s) N+l, ..., N+M identify the LTM configuration(s) N+l, ..., N+M, respectively, and the LTM configuration(s) N+l, ..., N+M include cell index(es) N+l, ..., N+M, respectively.
  • the UE receives an LTM command, including the first LTM group ID and the cell index K, from the RAN, where 1 ⁇ K ⁇ N.
  • the UE identifies the LTM configuration K and cell ID K, based on the cell index K and the first LTM group ID.
  • the UE accesses the cell K identified by the cell ID K.
  • the UE communicates with the RAN via the cell K using the LTM configuration K.
  • the UE receives an LTM command, including the first LTM group ID and cell index L, from the UE, where 1 ⁇ L ⁇ N.
  • the UE identifies the LTM configuration L and cell ID L, based on the first LTM group ID and cell index L.
  • the UE accesses the cell L identified by the cell ID L.
  • the UE communicates with the RAN via the cell L using the LTM configuration L.
  • Examples and implementations described for Eig. 9 can apply to Eig. 10. Examples described for blocks 902-920 can apply to blocks 1002-1020, respectively.
  • Eig. 11 illustrates an example method 1100, which a UE (e.g., the UE 102) can implement, for performing a fast serving cell with a RAN (e.g., the DU 174, the base station 104 or 106, or the RAN 105).
  • a RAN e.g., the DU 174, the base station 104 or 106, or the RAN 105.
  • the method 1100 begins at block 1102, where the UE communicates with the RAN (e.g., events 302, 380, 402, 480, 502, 580, 602, 680, 702, 780, 802, 880).
  • the UE receives at least one first LTM configuration for a first cell group (CG) from the RAN, where each of the at least one first LTM configuration includes a cell index (e.g., events 316, 318, 394, 380, 494, 480, 580, 594, 517, 519, 581, 582, 680, 694, 617, 619, 681, 682, 780, 794, 717, 719, 781, 782, 880, 894, 817, 819, 881, 882).
  • CG cell group
  • the UE receives at least one second LTM configuration for a second CG from the RAN, where each of the at least one first LTM configuration includes a cell index (e.g., events 316, 318, 394, 380, 494, 480, 580, 594, 517, 519, 581, 582, 680, 694, 617, 619, 681, 682, 780, 794, 717, 719, 781, 782, 880, 894, 817, 819, 881, 882).
  • a cell index e.g., events 316, 318, 394, 380, 494, 480, 580, 594, 517, 519, 581, 582, 680, 694, 617, 619, 681, 682, 780, 794, 717, 719, 781, 782, 880, 894, 817, 819, 881, 882).
  • the UE receives an LTM command, including a cell index, from the RAN (e.g., events 330, 380, 430, 480, 580, 530, 581, 582, 680, 630, 681, 682, 780, 730, 781, 782, 880, 830, 881, 882).
  • the UE determines whether the LTM command is received on the first CG or second CG. If the UE determines that the LTM command is received on the first CG at block 1110, the flow proceeds to block 1112.
  • the UE identifies one of the at least one first LTM configuration, based on the cell index.
  • the flow proceeds to block 1114.
  • the UE identifies one of the at least one second LTM configuration, based on the cell index.
  • the flow proceeds to block 1116 from block 1114 as well as from block 1112.
  • the UE performs a serving cell change in accordance with the identified LTM configuration (e.g., events 332, 336, 380, 432, 436, 480, 580, 532, 536, 581, 582, 680, 632, 636, 681, 682, 780, 732, 736, 781, 782, 880, 832, 836, 881, 882).
  • each of the at least one first LTM configuration includes an (e.g., non-reference) LTM CU configuration and an (e.g., non-reference) LTM DU configuration.
  • each of the at least one second LTM configuration includes an (e.g., non-reference) LTM CU configuration and an (e.g., non-reference) LTM DU configuration.
  • the UE receives a first reference LTM configuration for the at least one first LTM configuration.
  • the first reference LTM configuration includes a first reference LTM CU configuration and/or a first reference LTM DU configuration.
  • the UE receives a second reference LTM configuration for the at least one second LTM configuration.
  • the second reference LTM configuration includes a second reference LTM CU configuration and/or a second reference LTM DU configuration.
  • the UE selects or identifies the at least one first LTM configuration or the second at least one second LTM configuration based on the CG where the LTM command is received. The UE then identifies an LTM configuration from the selected or identified LTM configuration(s) based on the cell index in the LTM command.
  • Fig. 12 illustrates an example method 1200, which can be implemented by a UE (e.g., the UE 102), for performing a fast serving cell with a RAN (e.g., the DU 174, the base station 104 or 106, or the RAN 105).
  • a UE e.g., the UE 102
  • a RAN e.g., the DU 174, the base station 104 or 106, or the RAN 105.
  • the method 1200 begins at block 1202, where the UE communicates with the RAN.
  • the UE receives at least one first LTM configuration and at least one first LTM ID for a first CG from the RAN, where each of at least one first LTM ID is associated with a particular LTM configuration of the at least one first LTM configuration.
  • the UE receives at least one second LTM configuration and at least one second LTM ID for a second CG from the RAN, where each of at least one second LTM ID is associated with a particular LTM configuration of the at least one second LTM configuration.
  • the UE receives an LTM command including an LTM ID from the RAN.
  • the UE determines whether the LTM command is received on the first CG or second CG. If the UE determines that the LTM command is received on the first CG at block 1210, the flow proceeds to block 1212. At block 1212, the UE identifies one of the at least one first LTM configuration, based on the LTM ID. Otherwise, if the UE determines that the LTM command is received on the second CG at block 1210, the flow proceeds to block 1214. At block 1214, the UE identifies one of the at least one second LTM configuration, based on the LTM ID. The flow proceeds to block 1216 from block 1214 as well as from block 1212. At block 1216, the UE performs a serving cell change in accordance with the identified LTM configuration.
  • Examples and implementations described for Eig. 11 can apply to Eig. 12. Examples described for blocks 1102-1116 can apply to blocks 1202-1216, respectively.
  • the UE selects or identifies the at least one first LTM configuration or the second at least one second LTM configuration based on the CG where the LTM command is received. The UE then identifies a LTM configuration from the selected or identified LTM configuration(s) based on the LTM ID in the LTM command.
  • Eig. 13 illustrates an example method 1300, which a UE (e.g., the UE 102) can implement, for performing a fast serving cell with a RAN (e.g., the DU 174, the base station 104 or 106, or the RAN 105).
  • a UE e.g., the UE 102
  • a RAN e.g., the DU 174, the base station 104 or 106, or the RAN 105.
  • the method 1300 begins at block 1302, where the UE receives an LTM configuration, including a cell index, from the RAN (e.g., events 316, 318, 394, 380, 494, 480, 580, 594, 517, 519, 581, 582, 680, 694, 617, 619, 681, 682, 780, 794, 717, 719, 781, 782, 880, 894, 817, 819, 881, 882).
  • the UE determines whether the LTM configuration is associated with a first CG or a second CG. If the UE determines that the LTM configuration is associated with a first CG at block 1304, the flow proceeds to block 1306.
  • the UE configures a first MAC entity for the first cell group to receive LTM commands with the cell index.
  • the UE receives an LTM command, including the cell index, from the RAN using the first MAC entity (e.g., events 330, 380, 430, 480, 580, 530, 581, 582, 680, 630, 681, 682, 780, 730, 781, 782, 880, 830, 881, 882).
  • the UE performs a serving cell change to a cell indexed by the cell index using the first MAC entity (e.g., events 332, 336, 380, 432, 436, 480, 580, 532, 536, 581, 582, 680, 632, 636, 681, 682, 780, 732, 736, 781, 782, 880, 832, 836, 881, 882).
  • the UE determines that the LTM configuration is associated with a second CG at block 1304, the flow proceeds to block 1312.
  • the UE configures a second MAC entity for the second cell group to receive LTM commands with the cell index.
  • the UE receives an LTM command including the cell index form the RAN using the second MAC entity (e.g., events 330, 380, 430, 480, 580, 530, 581, 582, 680, 630, 681, 682, 780, 730, 781, 782, 880, 830, 881, 882).
  • the second MAC entity e.g., events 330, 380, 430, 480, 580, 530, 581, 582, 680, 630, 681, 682, 780, 730, 781, 782, 880, 830, 881, 882).
  • the UE performs a serving cell change to a cell indexed by the cell index using the second MAC entity (e.g., events 332, 336, 380, 432, 436, 480, 580, 532, 536, 581, 582, 680, 632, 636, 681, 682, 780, 732, 736, 781, 782, 880, 832, 836, 881, 882).
  • the second MAC entity e.g., events 332, 336, 380, 432, 436, 480, 580, 532, 536, 581, 582, 680, 632, 636, 681, 682, 780, 732, 736, 781, 782, 880, 832, 836, 881, 882).
  • the UE determines to use or uses the first MAC entity or the second MAC entity to receive an LTM command based on the CG where the LTM command is received.
  • the UE then identifies an LTM configuration from the selected or identified LTM configuration(s) based on the cell index in the LTM command.
  • Fig. 14 illustrates an example method 1400, which a UE (e.g., the UE 102) can implement, for performing a fast serving cell with a RAN (e.g., the DU 174, the base station 104 or 106, or the RAN 105).
  • a UE e.g., the UE 102
  • a RAN e.g., the DU 174, the base station 104 or 106, or the RAN 105.
  • the method 1400 begins at block 1402, where the UE receives an LTM configuration and an LTM ID from the RAN, where the LTM ID identifying the LTM configuration (e.g., events 316, 318, 394, 380, 494, 480, 580, 594, 517, 519, 581, 582, 680, 694, 617, 619, 681, 682, 780, 794, 717, 719, 781, 782, 880, 894, 817, 819, 881, 882).
  • the UE determines whether the LTM configuration is associated with a first CG or a second CG.
  • the flow proceeds to block 1406.
  • the UE configures a first MAC entity for the first cell group to receive LTM commands with the LTM ID.
  • the UE receives an LTM command, including the LTM ID, from the RAN using the first MAC entity (e.g., events 330, 380, 430, 480, 580, 530, 581, 582, 680, 630, 681, 682, 780, 730, 781, 782, 880, 830, 881, 882).
  • the UE performs a serving cell change to a cell indexed by the cell LTM ID using the first MAC entity.
  • the flow proceeds to block 1412.
  • the UE configures a second MAC entity for the second cell group to receive LTM commands with the LTM ID.
  • the UE receives an LTM command including the LTM ID from the RAN using the second MAC entity (e.g., events 330, 380, 430, 480, 580, 530, 581, 582, 680, 630, 681, 682, 780, 730, 781, 782, 880, 830, 881, 882).
  • the UE performs a serving cell change to a cell indexed by the LTM ID using the second MAC entity (e.g., events 332, 336, 380, 432, 436, 480, 580, 532, 536, 581, 582, 680, 632, 636, 681, 682, 780, 732, 736, 781, 782, 880, 832, 836, 881, 882).
  • the second MAC entity e.g., events 332, 336, 380, 432, 436, 480, 580, 532, 536, 581, 582, 680, 632, 636, 681, 682, 780, 732, 736, 781, 782, 880, 832, 836, 881, 882).
  • the UE determines to use or uses the first MAC entity or the second MAC entity to receive an LTM command based on the CG where the LTM command is received.
  • the UE then identifies an LTM configuration from the selected or identified LTM configuration(s) based on the LTM ID in the LTM command.
  • Eig. 15 illustrates an example method 1500, which a UE (e.g., the UE 102) can implement, for performing a fast serving cell with a RAN (e.g., the DU 174, the base station 104 or 106, or the RAN 105).
  • a RAN e.g., the DU 174, the base station 104 or 106, or the RAN 105.
  • the method 1500 begins at block 1502, where the UE communicates with the RAN (e.g., events 316, 318, 394, 380, 494, 480, 580, 594, 517, 519, 581, 582, 680, 694, 617, 619, 681, 682, 780, 794, 717, 719, 781, 782, 880, 894, 817, 819, 881, 882).
  • the RAN e.g., events 316, 318, 394, 380, 494, 480, 580, 594, 517, 519, 581, 582, 680, 694, 617, 619, 681, 682, 780, 794, 717, 719, 781, 782, 880, 894, 817, 819, 881, 882).
  • the UE receives an LTM configuration from the RAN (e.g., events 330, 380, 430, 480, 580, 530, 581, 582, 680, 630, 681, 682, 780, 730, 781, 782, 880, 830, 881, 882).
  • the UE determines whether the LTM configuration is received in an MRDC- SecondaryCellGroupConfig (i.e., a container including an SCG configuration) or via SRB3. If the UE determines that the LTM configuration is not received in an MRDC- SecondaryCellGroupConfig or via SRB3 at block 1506, the flow proceeds to block 1508.
  • the UE associates the LTM configuration with an MCG.
  • the UE when the UE receives an LTM command from a cell of the MCG, the UE identifies an LTM configuration associated with the MCG based on the LTM command (e.g., a LTM ID or cell index in the TM command) and performs a serving cell change to a cell from a serving cell (e.g., PCell) of the MCG, in accordance with the LTM configuration.
  • the LTM command e.g., a LTM ID or cell index in the TM command
  • a serving cell change e.g., PCell
  • the flow proceeds to block 1510.
  • the UE associates the LTM configuration with an SCG.
  • the UE receives an LTM command from a cell of the SCG
  • the UE identifies an LTM configuration associated with the SCG based on the LTM command (e.g., a LTM ID or cell index in the TM command) and performs a serving cell change to a cell from a serving cell (e.g., PSCell) of the SCG in accordance with the LTM configuration.
  • the LTM command e.g., a LTM ID or cell index in the TM command
  • Eig. 16 illustrates an example method 1600, which a RAN (e.g., the RAN 105) can implement, for configuring LTM for a UE (e.g., the UE 102).
  • a RAN e.g., the RAN 105
  • LTM Long Term Evolution
  • UE e.g., the UE 102
  • the method 1600 begins at block 1602, where the RAN reserves a first plurality of LTM IDs for a first RAN node. At block 1604, the RAN reserves a second plurality of LTM IDs for a second RAN node. At block 1606, the RAN determines to transmit an LTM configuration to a first UE communicating with the first RAN node. At block 1608, the RAN selects a first LTM ID for the first LTM configuration from the first plurality of LTM IDs.
  • the RAN transmits the first LTM configuration and the first LTM ID to the UE, where the first LTM ID is associated with the first LTM configuration (e.g., events 316, 318, 394, 380, 494, 480, 580, 594, 517, 519, 581, 582, 680, 694, 617, 619, 681, 682, 780, 794, 717, 719, 781, 782, 880, 894, 817, 819, 881, 882).
  • the RAN selects a second LTM ID for the second LTM configuration from the second plurality of LTM IDs.
  • the RAN transmits the second LTM configuration and the second LTM ID to the UE, where the second LTM ID is associated with the second LTM configuration (e.g., events 316, 318, 394, 380, 494, 480, 580, 594, 517, 519, 581, 582, 680, 694, 617, 619, 681, 682, 780, 794, 717, 719, 781, 782, 880, 894, 817, 819, 881, 882).
  • the RAN ensures that LTM IDs used by different RAN nodes for the UE are different.
  • each of the RAN nodes and the UE uniquely identify an LTM configuration based on an LTM ID in an LTM command.
  • the first RAN node and the second RAN node are an MN and an SN for the UE, respectively.
  • the MN does not perform coordination of LTM IDs (i.e., values) with the SN via an interface (e.g., Xn interface).
  • Fig. 17 illustrates an example method 1700, which a RAN (e.g., the RAN 105) can implement, for configuring LTM for a UE (e.g., the UE 102).
  • a RAN e.g., the RAN 105
  • LTM LTM for a UE
  • the method 1700 begins at block 1702, where the RAN reserves a first plurality of cell indexes for a first RAN node. At block 1704, the RAN reserves a second plurality of cell indexes for a second RAN node. At block 1706, the RAN determines to transmit an LTM configuration to a first UE communicating with the first RAN node. At block 1708, the RAN selects a first cell index for the first LTM configuration from the first plurality of cell indexes. At block 1710, the RAN transmits the first LTM configuration and the first cell index to the UE, where the first LTM ID is associated with the first LTM configuration.
  • the RAN selects a second cell index for the second LTM configuration from the second plurality of indexes.
  • the RAN transmits the second LTM configuration and the second cell index to the UE, where the second LTM ID is associated with the second LTM configuration.
  • blocks 1602-1614 can apply to blocks 1702-1714, respectively.
  • the RAN ensures that cell indexes used by different RAN nodes for the UE are different.
  • each of the RAN nodes and the UE uniquely identify an LTM configuration based on a cell index in an LTM command.
  • the first RAN node and the second RAN node are an MN and an SN for the UE, respectively.
  • the MN does not perform coordination of cell indexes (i.e., values) with the SN via an interface (e.g., Xn interface).
  • Fig. 18A illustrates an example method 1800A, which a RAN (e.g., the RAN 105) can implement, for configuring LTM for a UE (e.g., the UE 102).
  • a RAN e.g., the RAN 105
  • LTM LTM for a UE
  • the method 1800A begins at block 1802, where the MN communicates with a UE operating in DC with the MN and an SN (e.g., events 502, 602).
  • the MN transmits, to the SN, an SN message indicating a plurality of LTM IDs (i.e., values) that the SN, in some implementations, uses to configure LTM for the UE.
  • the MN receives an SN response message from the SN in response to the SN message.
  • the SN message is an SN Addition Request message or an SN Modification Request message.
  • the SN response message is an SN Addition Request Acknowledge message or an SN Modification Request Acknowledge message.
  • the SN message and the SN response message are interface messages (e.g., Xn interface messages, such as Xn application protocol messages).
  • Fig. 18B is a flow diagram of an example method 1800B similar to the method 1800A, except that method 1800B includes block 1805 instead of block 1804.
  • the MN transmits, to the SN, an SN message indicating a plurality of cell indexes (i.e., values) that the SN uses, in some implementations, to configure LTM for the UE.
  • the “LTM command” can be replaced by “serving cell change command”, “Layer 1/Layer 2 switching command”, “lower layer switching command” or “lower layer serving cell change command”. In some implementations, “some” means “one or more”. In some implementations, “at least one” means “one or more”. In some implementations, the “DU configuration” can be replaced by “cell group configuration”. In some implementations, the “cell index” can be replaced with “serving cell index”, “LTM cell index”, “special cell (SpCell) index”, “PCell index” or “PSCell index”.
  • a user device in which the techniques of this disclosure can be implemented can be any suitable device capable of wireless communications such as a smartphone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a mobile gaming console, a point-of-sale (POS) terminal, a health monitoring device, a drone, a camera, a media- streaming dongle or another personal media device, a wearable device such as a smartwatch, a wireless hotspot, a femtocell, or a broadband router.
  • the user device in some cases may be embedded in an electronic system such as the head unit of a vehicle or an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS).
  • ADAS advanced driver assistance system
  • the user device can operate as an internet-of-things (loT) device or a mobile-internet device (MID).
  • the user device can include one or more general-purpose processors, a computer-readable memory, a user interface, one or more network interfaces, one or more sensors, etc.
  • Modules may can be software modules (e.g., code, or machine- readable instructions stored on non-transitory machine-readable medium) or hardware modules.
  • a hardware module is a tangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain manner.
  • a hardware module can comprise dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured (e.g., as a special-purpose processor, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), etc.) to perform certain operations.
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • a hardware module may also comprise programmable logic or circuitry (e.g., as encompassed within a general-purpose processor or other programmable processor) that is temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations.
  • programmable logic or circuitry e.g., as encompassed within a general-purpose processor or other programmable processor
  • the decision to implement a hardware module in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured by software) may be driven by cost and time considerations.
  • the techniques can be provided as part of the operating system, a library used by multiple applications, a particular software application, etc.
  • the software can be executed by one or more general-purpose processors or one or more special-purpose processors.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Un équipement utilisateur (UE) peut mettre en oeuvre un procédé de gestion de procédure(s) de protocole de mobilité déclenchée par couche inférieure. Le procédé consiste à : recevoir, au niveau de l'UE, en provenance d'un noeud de réseau d'accès radio (RAN), une configuration de mobilité déclenchée par couche inférieure (LTM); dans une première instance, lorsque la configuration LTM est incluse dans un premier conteneur, associer la configuration LTM à un groupe de cellules secondaires (SCG); et dans une seconde instance, lorsque la configuration LTM est incluse dans un second conteneur, associer la configuration LTM à un groupe de cellules maîtresses (MCG).
EP24713800.1A 2023-02-16 2024-02-15 Mise en oeuvre d'un changement rapide de cellule de desserte sur la base d'une mobilité déclenchée par couche inférieure (ltm) Pending EP4649726A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202363446341P 2023-02-16 2023-02-16
PCT/US2024/015919 WO2024173632A1 (fr) 2023-02-16 2024-02-15 Mise en oeuvre d'un changement rapide de cellule de desserte sur la base d'une mobilité déclenchée par couche inférieure (ltm)

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4649726A1 true EP4649726A1 (fr) 2025-11-19

Family

ID=90458346

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP24713800.1A Pending EP4649726A1 (fr) 2023-02-16 2024-02-15 Mise en oeuvre d'un changement rapide de cellule de desserte sur la base d'une mobilité déclenchée par couche inférieure (ltm)

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4649726A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN120642442A (fr)
WO (1) WO2024173632A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2025212030A1 (fr) * 2024-04-04 2025-10-09 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Restriction de configuration de ltm au mn ou au sn

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2024173632A1 (fr) 2024-08-22
CN120642442A (zh) 2025-09-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP4573801A1 (fr) Gestion de fonctionnement de protocole de commande de liaison radio pour un changement rapide de cellule de desserte
EP4649726A1 (fr) Mise en oeuvre d'un changement rapide de cellule de desserte sur la base d'une mobilité déclenchée par couche inférieure (ltm)
US20260113673A1 (en) Managing Communication Failures in a Disaggregated Base Station
WO2024163694A1 (fr) Gestion de procédures de changement de cellule de desserte pour un équipement utilisateur
EP4616637A1 (fr) Gestion d'une mobilité déclenchée par une couche inférieure au niveau d'un équipement utilisateur
US20260107204A1 (en) Managing PDCP Operation in a Serving Cell Change Scenario
US20260107191A1 (en) Managing a fast serving cell change in a disaggregated base station
WO2024173634A1 (fr) Configuration de mobilité déclenchée par une couche inférieure
WO2024159098A1 (fr) Activation d'un changement rapide de cellule à travers des unités distribuées
EP4649727A1 (fr) Gestion de configurations de mobilité déclenchée au niveau de couches inférieures sur un équipement utilisateur
WO2024173290A1 (fr) Gestion d'un changement rapide de cellule de desserte dans un réseau d'accès radio
WO2025059611A1 (fr) Génération d'une configuration de commutateur de cellule déclenchée par une couche inférieure
EP4616638A1 (fr) Gestion de configurations pour une mobilité déclenchée par une couche inférieure
EP4635220A1 (fr) Activation d'un changement rapide de cellule à faible signalisation aérienne
WO2025072577A1 (fr) Gestion de la mobilité pour un équipement utilisateur
WO2025064965A1 (fr) Gestion de la mobilité déclenchée par une couche inférieure
EP4616636A1 (fr) Gestion d'une mobilité déclenchée par une couche inférieure d'une station de base désagrégée
EP4652770A1 (fr) Gestion de configurations pour changements rapides de cellule de desserte
WO2025024863A1 (fr) Gestion d'acquisition d'avance de synchronisation précoce
WO2025151568A1 (fr) Gestion de configurations pour une mobilité déclenchée par une couche inférieure
WO2024073105A1 (fr) Gestion de communication de données dans un scénario de changement de cellule de desserte
WO2025096315A1 (fr) Gestion de configuration et de reconfiguration de mobilité déclenchée par une couche inférieure
WO2024173288A1 (fr) Gestion d'accès d'un équipement utilisateur à une cellule dans un changement rapide de cellule de desserte
WO2025151561A1 (fr) Gestion de commutation de cellule déclenchée par couche inférieure et de reprise après défaillance
WO2024173904A1 (fr) Gestion de configurations de mobilité déclenchées par une couche inférieure

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20250812

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC ME MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR