Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
  • E04B1/3211—Structures with a vertical rotation axis or the like, e.g. semi-spherical structures
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
  • E04B1/3205—Structures with a longitudinal horizontal axis, e.g. cylindrical or prismatic structures
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
  • E04B2001/327—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures comprised of a number of panels or blocs connected together forming a self-supporting structure
  • E04B2001/3276—Panel connection details

Definitions

• the subject of the invention is a construction module for creating building structures of various configurations.
• a module according to the invention in the form of an arched, plane-symmetrical wedge-shaped solid.
• This solid has a base, a spike, an inner surface, an outer surface, and first and second side walls, each with means for connecting each module to an adjacent module.
• the invention consists in the fact that the inner surface of the module is a wedge-shaped section of the inner surface of a rectilinear tube, having its spike and base, while the outer surface of this module is a wedge-shaped section of the outer surface of the same tube, also having its spike and base.
• the boundaries of these two sections are defined by a first, second and third delimiting planes.
• the base of the module, the bases of the two wedge-shaped sections of the rectilinear surface of the tube, and the axis of this tube lie in the first delimiting plane.
• the plane of symmetry of the module is perpendicular to the first delimiting plane and to the axis of the rectilinear tube.
• the second and third delimiting planes are located symmetrically on both sides of the plane of symmetry, are perpendicular to the first delimiting plane and intersect each other. Line of the intersection of the second and third delimiting planes lies in the plane of symmetry of the module, is perpendicular to the first delimiting plane and passes through the spikes of both wedge-shaped sections of the rectilinear surface of the tube.
• the connecting means of the first and second side walls are a set of recesses and protrusions, placed on the said side walls symmetrically with respect to the module's plane of symmetry and antisymmetrically with respect to its plane of antisymmetry, which is inclined with respect to the first delimiting plane at an angle of 45 degrees.
• the axis of the tube lies in the plane of antisymmetry.
• the recesses and protrusions form pairs of equal width on each wall of the module, equal to half the thickness of the tube at a given point.
• the plane angle formed on the first delimiting plane by the second and third delimiting planes ranges from 15 to 90 degrees.
• the rectilinear tube whose inner and outer surfaces determine the curvature of the inner and outer surfaces of the module, respectively, is a cylindrical tube of constant thickness.
• the connecting means of each side wall of the module form four pairs of recesses and protrusions of the same angular length.
• the thickness of the cylindrical tube, whose inner and outer surfaces determine the curvature of the inner and outer surfaces of the module, respectively is from 10 to 40% of the outer diameter of the tube.
• the module according to the invention is a module prefabricated outside the immediate construction site, i.e. under conditions allowing high accuracy and repeatability.
• the assembly of such precision-made prefabricated elements enables the quick and inexpensive erection of simple structures.
• Such structures can also be easily expanded and dismantled, while the dismantled modules can be used to erect structures of a different shape and/or in a different location.
• FIG.1 shows the construction module in axonometric projection from the outside
• Fig.2 shows the same module in axonometric projection from the inside
• Fig.3 , Fig.4 and Fig.5 depict the module from Fig.1 in horizontal projections from the side, inside and outside, respectively
• Fig.6 and Fig.7 depict the module from Fig.1 in vertical projections from the top and bottom, respectively
• Fig.8 shows the module from Fig.1 in axonometric view with the place for the entrance/window opening marked
• Fig.9 shows the module from Fig.8 with this type of opening already made.
• Figures from Fig.10 to Fig.15 show the module from Fig.9 with marked planes defining the shape of this module, in views from Fig.1 , Fig.4 , Fig.5 , Fig.6 , Fig.7 and Fig.3 , respectively.
• Fig.16 shows an example of a circular dome constructed from the modules from Fig.1
• Fig.17 shows an example of an oval dome constructed from the same modules.
• Fig.18, Fig.19 and Fig.20 depict the principle of combining modules according to the invention to build the structures of Fig.16 and Fig.17 .
• Fig.21 depicts a structure analogous to Fig.17 , but built from the modules of Fig.8 and Fig.9 .
• Fig.22 shows the side view of a version of the module according to the invention with three pairs of connecting means on one side wall of the module.
• the embodied construction module A is in the form of a plane-symmetrical solid in the form of a plane-symmetrical and arched wedge with a constant thickness G of 320 mm.
• This wedge has a trapezoidal base 1 with a width W of about 175 cm, a spike 2 and first 3' and second 3" side walls.
• the base 1 rests on a horizontal surface not shown in the figure, the horizontal direction is parallel to this surface, and the vertical direction is perpendicular to this surface.
• the upper corner of the spike 2 is located at a height H of 325 cm and constitutes the upper edge of the module A so positioned.
• the convex side of this module constitutes its outer side, its concave side constitutes its inner side, and the walls 3' and 3" constitute the sides of the module A.
• the curvature of the inner surface 4 and the outer surface 5 of the module A is determined by the inner and outer surfaces, respectively, of a rectilinear tube 6 with a circular cross-section and a constant wall thickness G of 32 cm and an outer diameter D of 325 cm.
• the inner surface 5 of the module A is a wedge-shaped section of the inner surface of said tube 6, which has a spike 7 and base 8, while the outer surface 5 of said module is an analogous wedge-shaped section of the outer surface of the tube, also having a spike 9 and base 10.
• the lateral boundaries of these two sections 4 and 5 are defined by the first 11, second 12 and third 13 delimiting planes.
• the base 1 of the module A, the bases 8 and 10 of both wedge-shaped sections 4 and 5 of the surface of the tube 6 and the axis 14 of this tube lie in the delimiting plane 11.
• the plane of symmetry 15 of the module A is perpendicular to the delimiting plane 11 and to the axis 14 of the tube 6.
• the delimiting planes 12 and 13 are located symmetrically on both sides of the plane of symmetry 15, are perpendicular to the delimiting plane 11 and intersect each other along the line of intersection 16 which is a straight line.
• the straight line 16 lies in the plane of symmetry 15, is perpendicular to the delimiting plane 11 and passes through the spikes 7 and 9 of both wedge-shaped sections 4 and 5 of the surface of the tube 6.
• the plane angle ⁇ at which the walls 3' and 3" converge that is, the angle formed on the delimiting plane 11 by the intersecting delimiting planes 12 and 13, is 30 degrees.
• the module A in addition to the plane of symmetry 16, also has a plane of antisymmetry 17.
• the plane of antisymmetry 17 of the module A is inclined to the delimiting plane 11 at an angle ⁇ of 45 degrees.
• the axis 14 of the tube 6 lies in the plane of antisymmetry 17.
• Each of the walls 3' and 3" has means for shape-dependent connection of a given module with an analogous adjacent module, when forming a structure from such modules.
• the said connecting means are a set of recesses 18 and protrusions 19.
• the recesses 18 and protrusions 19 are arranged on the walls 3' and 3" symmetrically with respect to the plane of symmetry 15 and antisymmetrically with respect to the plane of antisymmetry 17.
• the shapes of the individual recesses 18 and protrusions 19 are also antisymmetrical with respect to the plane 17.
• the recesses 18 and protrusions 19 form on each of the walls 3' and 3" of the module A pairs of equal width L, equal to half the thickness G of the tube 6 at the given location.
• each of the walls 3' and 3 there are four pairs of recesses 18 and protrusions 19 of the same angular length on each of the walls 3' and 3".
• the boundaries of these pairs (18,19) are determined by five delimiting planes 20 rotated about each other around the axis 14 of the tube 6 by an angle ⁇ of 22.5 degrees, with the central plane 20 coinciding with the plane of antisymmetry 17.
• the section of the tube 6 delimiting the surfaces 4 and 5 of the module A is a so-called tubular quadrant, an equivalent of a cylindrical quadrant, popularly known as the quarter round.
• the shape of the module according to the invention in addition to the rectilinear cylindrical tube of constant thickness described above, can be determined by any other rectilinear tube, as long as the shape of its cross-section allows us to determine in its quadrant a plane of antisymmetry and to form on the walls 3' and 3" a set of recesses 18 and protrusions 19 antisymmetrical with respect to this plane.
• the condition of antisymmetry of recesses 18 and protrusions 19 also does not require the above-described equal angular length of all pairs of recesses 18 and protrusions 19.
• Fig.22 shows a side view of the module E according to the invention, in which there are four pairs of recesses 18 and protrusions 19 on each side wall 3' and 3", with the two outermost pairs having equal angular lengths, denoted in the figure as ⁇ , the middle pairs also having equal but smaller angular lengths, denoted in the figure as ⁇ , and the sum of the angles ⁇ and ⁇ being 90 degrees.
• a variant of the module A is the module B ( Fig.8 ), the outer surface 5 of which has a recessed outline 21 of an opening, window or entrance, which can be executed at the construction site.
• Another variant of the module A is the module C, which has a factory-made opening 22.
• the opening is the same as the outline 21 in the module B.
• the same elements are marked with the same numbers.
• the module A is equipped with mounting lugs 23 for additional or temporary connection of individual modules into a larger structure. Examples of such structures are shown in the figures from Fig.16 to Fig.21 .
• the modules according to the invention can be made, for example, of concrete, foamed plastic or composite technology.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
• Fencing (AREA)
• Optical Measuring Cells (AREA)

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Citations (5)

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• 2024
  • 2024-05-15 PL PL448577A patent/PL448577A1/pl unknown
• 2025
  • 2025-05-15 EP EP25176685.3A patent/EP4650541A1/de active Pending

Patent Citations (5)

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