Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G13/00—Protection of plants
  • A01G13/30—Ground coverings
  • A01G13/32—Mats; Nets; Sheets or films
  • A01G13/33—Sheets or films
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
  • A01C14/00—Methods or apparatus for planting not provided for in other groups of this subclass
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
  • A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
  • A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form
  • A01G24/46—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form multi-layered
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
  • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
  • A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
  • A01G9/0291—Planting receptacles specially adapted for remaining in the soil after planting
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
  • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
  • A01C1/04—Arranging seed on carriers, e.g. on tapes, on cords ; Carrier compositions
  • A01C1/044—Sheets, multiple sheets or mats

Definitions

• the patent application relates to a planting procedure for the creation of woody climate- carbon plantations, in which procedure plantations are created using the seeds of woody plants integrated into a biodegradable material.
• the biodegradable material containing the seeds is placed directly on the production area with a film laying machine commonly used in agriculture.
• the produced wood can be used by the wood industry or for energetic purposes. Planting can also serve secondary re-cultivation purposes on damaged land, tailings and waste rock dumps, municipal waste landfills.
• climate-carbon plantations serve climate protection purposes by the fact that their CO 2 emissions can be considered zero, they have no additional emissions, so the multipurpose utilization of the plantation is carbon neutral.
• hybrid species excludes their use as bee pastures, because bees and other pollinating insects are very sensitive to any intervention that affects the genetic stocks of plants.
• pollen and nectar of hybrid and genetically modified species lead to the collapse of the colonies of pollinating insects and the death of their individuals, as we can already see today.
• Herbaceous plantations can be substituted by the stem residues from cereals, so it is not worth allocating resources to planting, as they are produced as a by-product. If we want to increase the yield of herbaceous stem residues, we need to increase the production area of cereals. The yield of herbaceous stem residues can be increased by increasing the production area of cereals.
• the woody energy plantations are usually poplar and willow species, created by planting cuttings, and false acacia and empress tree (Paulownia) species, created by planting saplings.
• the planting costs of these species include mainly the costs of soil preparation, and the costs of the production, cultivation of propagating material.
• the soil is prepared with heavy duty agricultural machinery performing the following types of work:
• the preparation of the soil is performed by machines powered by fossil fuels, weighing several tons, whose weight and activity have an adverse effect on the structure and fauna of the soil. Petroleum-based fuels greatly increase the harmful emissions, so this cannot be considered a climate-friendly technology. Combined cultivation on multiple occasions involves additional energy consumption. These work processes need to be reduced by changing to a soil-friendly technology.
• the fossil energy source needs to be replaced by a renewable, zero-C0 2 energy source.
• the poplar, willow and ipss tree species require a considerable amount of water, as they are adapted to wet, swampy habitats, where the soil has a high water and nutrient content.
• the energy plantation needs to be planted in high-quality agricultural land, which in turn reduces the agricultural land used for food production.
• Planting false acacia saplings is practically a two-step process, with soil preparation on two occasions: first seeds are sown to produce saplings, then the saplings are removed and planted in their final place. Soil preparation on two occasions, and the removal and replanting of saplings definitely involves additional costs. Furthermore, the cutting of the root system of the saplings sets back the development of the individual trees by one or two growing seasons, which is a significant loss.
• Patent No. JPH06185065A discloses a tree planting method, in which seeds are attached and held directly on a reticulate body, and thus planted. The seeds are protected by the reticulate body, and when the seeds germinate, the reticulate body is decomposed.
• the reticulate body is formed by employing combined yarn rayon, in which at least one of a high-molecular emulsion or a water-soluble polymer is added internally to a viscose solution.
• Patent No. KR20100091540A discloses a seeding method, in which plant seeds are placed in a geotextile consisting of corn cotton or jute, or corn cotton mixed with coir fibre. The seeds are scattered between two layers, and the corn cotton is decomposed underground when the seeds germinate.
• Patent No. JP2001123450A discloses a bag body, which is biologically degraded through hydrolysis to make a degraded final product converted completely into a substance existing in the natural world.
• the bag body comprises woven or knitted cloth using a biodegradable aliphatic polyester fibre, inside which a biodegradable sheet mounted with seeds and/or a fertilizer and manure is arranged.
• a disadvantage of the above solutions is that the production of the biodegradable materials containing the seeds is complicated and expensive, furthermore, it is difficult to place them on large production areas.
• the aim of the invention is to eliminate the above deficiencies, and to provide a procedure for the creation of energy plantations, the costs of which do not exceed the costs of creating regular plantations, with no or negligible need for irrigation water, and a stable genetic stock that does not pose a threat to pollinating insects.
• An aim is to significantly reduce the resources required for soil preparation, as it is not necessary to prepare the land in seedbed quality. Deep loosening, and combined cultivation on multiple occasions can be omitted.
• Another aim is to optimize the amount of propagating material used, and to ensure an easy and quick placement of the seeds on the production area, without preliminary soil preparation.
• Yet another aim is to ensure that the seeds are placed at a specific spacing and depth, regardless of the unevenness of the soil, and that the density of the created plantation can be planned.
• Still another aim is to prevent weeding, and thereby to eliminate the need for weed control until the seeds emerge.
• a further aim is to fend off the energy crisis by providing an own energy source.
• Still a further aim is to provide border protection functions, e.g. along the national borders, and private property protection functions.
• the set aims are achieved in such a way that the seeds of woody plants are integrated into a biodegradable material before placing them on the production area, before integration the row and seed spacing is planned, by taking into account the characteristics of the production area and the seed species, and the seeds are arranged accordingly during the integration, so the density of the plantation will correspond to the planned density.
• the invention relates to a planting procedure for the creation of woody climate- carbon plantations, by integrating the seeds of woody plants/the seeds of rootsprouting tree species, preferably the seeds of false acacia, or the seeds of thorny locust, into a biodegradable material, and by placing the biodegradable material directly on the production area with a film laying machine commonly used in agriculture.
• the procedure according to the invention can be implemented with any commercially available biodegradable material: film, fleece, fabric, string, paper tape or floral foam.
• the biodegradable material is, for example, film/fleece made from corn starch or potato starch; fabric made from hemp or flax; string made from hemp or flax.
• the seeds are integrated into the biodegradable material before placement on the production area, preferably on the production line during the production of the biodegradable material, in such a way that a subtask allowing the integration of properly prepared seeds is inserted in the production line process during the production of the material of the desired width, or the seeds are integrated into the produced biodegradable material by means of a seed-tape making machine.
• the integration of the seeds into the biodegradable material is implemented by placing the seeds between two layers of film, or two layers of fleece, or two layers of fabric, or two paper tapes in such a way that the seeds are placed on the lower layer of the film, fleece or fabric, or on the lower paper tape layer at the determined seed and row spacing.
• the layers laid on top of each other, containing the seeds, are fixed to each other with water-based glue, or by tacking or basting using thread made from the same material, thereby the seeds are also fixed without displacement, maintaining the determined seed and row spacing.
• a tape of the determined width is produced, made from a biodegradable material, and containing the seeds at the determined seed and row spacing, which can be placed directly on the production area with a film laying machine used in agriculture.
• the tapes are preferably placed parallel to each other, and at a distance of 70-100 cm from each other.
• the planting procedure for the creation of climate-carbon plantations according to the invention is also suitable for the creation of a border protection strip.
• the seeds of thorny locust are used, and the tapes containing the seeds of thorny locust are placed directly next to each other on the production area, thereby creating a border protection strip.
• the integration of the seeds into strings is implemented by twisting.
• the seeds are integrated into floral foam one-by-one by insertion.
• a film laying machine is also suitable for laying strings, as strings are also in rolls, just as films, the technological modifications can be made by setting the machine accordingly.
• a film laying agricultural machine can lay multiple rolls at the same time.
• the film tape, or fleece tape, or fabric tape, or paper tape, or string is covered by maximum 5 mm of soil or less.
• biodegradable material is chosen depending on the soil and climatic conditions of the plantation to be created.
• the seeds are placed at a row and seed spacing that is appropriate for the species, and for the characteristics of the production site.
• the width of fabric, film, fleece tapes, and paper tapes ranges from 10 cm to 100 cm.
• the seeds are arranged in the tape made from a biodegradable material according to a planting plan.
• the seeds of any root-sprouting tree are suitable for creating plantations according to the invention.
• the preparation of the seeds to be integrated into the biodegradable material includes the following processes: cleaning, sieving, and then scarification (abrasion of the seed coat to facilitate germination) of the seeds.
• chemical dressing as required by the conditions of the production area (to protect the sprouts from insects, bacterial and fungal pests).
• the seeds of false acacia Robotia pseudoacacia
• thorny locust thorny locust
• the long and strong thorns of the thorny locust make it suitable for the creation of a border protection strip providing protection against all kinds of two-legged and four-legged intruders.
• False acacia Robot pseudoacacia
• False acacia Robot pseudoacacia
• the honey obtained from it is of the best quality. It has a high dry matter content, its moisture content is only 35% at the time of harvesting, compared to the 65% moisture content of oak, the 70% moisture content of beech, and the over 70% moisture content of poplar and willow. Furthermore, it contains materials that promote combustion even when it is wet, so it is excellent for energetic utilization.
• foliage of false acacia is extremely suitable for fodder purposes.
• Targeted studies have found that its crude protein content is higher than that of high-quality alfalfa flour, however, its fibre content is lower, making it easier to digest. Due to its rapid growth, and high individual numbers, it makes possible the production of wood mass, while protecting the soil and the forests.
• the energetic utilization of the produced wood mass can take place in electrical thermal power plants.
• the electricity generated in this way has zero CO 2 emissions, because it only releases the carbon sequestered a few years before, so it does not add to the CO 2 cycle.
• the electricity generated in this way is carbon-neutral green electricity. If electric powered machines are used for planting and soil preparation, and their batteries are charged with green electricity generated by the power plant, fossilbased diesel fuel can be eliminated from the system. This way, a completely self- sufficient system, independent of external fossil energy sources is obtained.
• the biomass produced by climate-carbon plantations can provide continuous and longterm supply for biomass-based thermal power plants in the form of wood chips.
• the planting procedure according to the invention is described in detail by way of the following examples, where
• Figure 1 is a schematic drawing of a twin-row planting pattern of false acacia seeds
• Figure 2 is a schematic drawing of a three-row planting pattern of false acacia seeds
• Figure 3 is a schematic drawing of the creation of a border protection strip by planting thorny locust seeds.
• the creation of a plantation starts with the examination of the production site.
• the examination of the production site serves the purpose of determining the suitability of the selected production area.
• a sampling pit needs to be dug on the area, to a depth of about 2 m.
• the sampling pit can be used to find out the composition and structure of the soil, and whether there is stagnant water at a depth of 2 m.
• the number of required sampling sites varies depending on the area and the soil conditions. In general, for an area of 15-20 ha it is sufficient to dig one sampling pit to a depth of 1 ,5-2 m.
• the sample is tested in a laboratory, on the basis of which an expert opinion is issued. Planting can start in the possession of the expert opinion - stating that the area is suitable.
• Planting is performed typically on several hectares. From the point of view of economy of scale, production needs to be performed on a large scale, using a plot size of 20 ha. But it also brings significant economic results on a smaller scale.
• Soil preparation consists of disc harrowing and combined cultivation. By combined cultivation, the top soil broken up by disc harrowing is levelled to a sufficient degree. Combined cultivation is performed on the production area on maximum two occasions, if necessary.
• Figure 1 is a schematic drawing of a twin-row planting pattern of false acacia seeds 2.
• a biodegradable, corn starch-based film tape 1 into which prepared false acacia seeds 2 are integrated by means of a seed-tape making machine, is placed on the prepared soil.
• the false acacia seeds 2 are collected from a production stock of Robinia Pseudoacacia, that is false acacia.
• the collected propagating material is cleaned by sieving, then the seed coat is scarified in a rotatable drum having an abrasive surface. After scarification, the seed is dressed with a pesticide approved for the species.
• the false acacia seeds 2 are placed into the hopper of a seed-tape making machine, from where the false acacia seeds 2 move onto the lower film layer at a seed and row spacing according to a planting plan, and the upper film layer is placed and fixed on them, keeping the false acacia seeds 2 stable and orderly in the film tape 1 .
• the two film layers are fixed to each other with water-based glue.
• the width of the film tape 1 according to the example is 25 cm, in which the false acacia seeds 2 are arranged in twin rows, at a row spacing of 12 cm.
• the seed spacing between false acacia seeds 2 in the same row is 25 cm.
• the twin rows are offset, the seeds are arranged diagonally, allowing for more growing room. In the example the rows are offset by 12.5 cm.
• Planting on the production area is performed at the end of May.
• the 25 cm wide film tape 1 is placed on the spindle of a film laying machine in a roll. Several film tapes 1 can be placed side by side on the spindle of the film laying machine. An 80 cm spacer between the film tapes 1 ensures the row spacing between the tapes, so the film laying machine can lay several film tapes 1 in parallel at the same time, ensuring a spacing of 80 cm between the film tapes 1 placed on the production area.
• the side discs of the film laying machine cover the film tape 1 in a narrow strip with maximum 5 mm of soil.
• the three-row planting procedure includes the same processes as the twin-row planting procedure.
• the biodegradable, corn starch-based fleece tape 3 contains false acacia seeds 2 in three rows.
• the width of the fleece tape 3 is 37 cm, the row spacing is 12 cm, and the seed spacing is 25 cm. The spacing between two fleece tapes 3 is 80 cm. The individual rows are offset by 12,5 cm.
• Figure 3 shows the creation of a border protection strip 5.
• Thorny locust (Gleditsia) is very favourable for the creation of a border protection strip 5, because due to its density, and large poisonous thorns containing formic acid, it forms an impenetrable barrier.
• three biodegradable, corn starch- based film tapes 1 are placed next to each other with a film laying machine. The width of one film tape 1 is 96 cm, so the width of the growing sprouts forming the border protection strip 5 is 288 cm.
• the film tape 1 contains thorny locust seeds 4, where the row spacing between the thorny locust seeds 4 is 12 cm, and the seed spacing is 25 cm.
• the figure shows an access road 6 between two border protection strips 5.
• an 800 cm wide access road 6 runs along the border protection strip 5, providing access for the vehicles of the border protection service, on the other side of which another border protection strip 5 is created.
• An unexpected effect of the procedure according to the invention is that known technological parts are combined in a way not used, not known until know, in a much more cost-effective way, with a larger product volume, and a broader spectrum of use.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Soil Sciences (AREA)
• Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
• Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

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ID=85640618

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

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• 2023
  • 2023-01-24 EP EP23711139.8A patent/EP4654812A1/de active Pending
  • 2023-01-24 CN CN202380082157.0A patent/CN120302878A/zh active Pending
  • 2023-01-24 JP JP2025539726A patent/JP2026501709A/ja active Pending
  • 2023-01-24 WO PCT/IB2023/050570 patent/WO2024157044A1/en not_active Ceased

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