EP4659355A1 - Dispositif de commutation pour l'activation et la désactivation électriques d'une charge électrique pouvant être connectée à un dispositif d'alimentation en tension continue et procédé de fonctionnement d'un tel dispositif de commutation - Google Patents

Dispositif de commutation pour l'activation et la désactivation électriques d'une charge électrique pouvant être connectée à un dispositif d'alimentation en tension continue et procédé de fonctionnement d'un tel dispositif de commutation

Info

Publication number
EP4659355A1
EP4659355A1 EP24702161.1A EP24702161A EP4659355A1 EP 4659355 A1 EP4659355 A1 EP 4659355A1 EP 24702161 A EP24702161 A EP 24702161A EP 4659355 A1 EP4659355 A1 EP 4659355A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
switching
switch
detection device
control
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP24702161.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
DR. Tobias GROTE
Lutz Heuer
Elmar Schaper
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP4659355A1 publication Critical patent/EP4659355A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/18—Modifications for indicating state of switch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means

Definitions

  • Switching device for electrically switching on and off an electrical load connectable to a direct voltage supply device and method for operating such a switching device
  • the invention relates to a switching device for electrically switching on and off an electrical load that can be connected to a direct voltage supply device, and to a method for operating such a switching device.
  • Switching devices with a hybrid output stage which have a parallel connection of an electromechanical switch and a semiconductor switch.
  • a relay or contactor which can also be referred to as a bypass contactor or relay, is generally used as an electromechanical switch.
  • an electrical load that can be connected to the switching device can be electrically connected to an external power supply device or electrically disconnected from it, whereby the electrical load can be switched on or off.
  • Such a switching device which is designed for AC operation, is known, for example, from WO 2014/032718 Al.
  • faults can be caused, for example, by mechanical shock loads caused by external influences on the switching device causing the mechanical contacts to separate from each other in an uncontrolled manner, which can result in arcs that can destroy the mechanical contacts. There is also a risk that an electrical load connected to the switching device will be switched off unintentionally if the mechanical switching contacts open in an uncontrolled manner.
  • the present invention is based on the object of providing a switching device for electrically switching on and off a DC voltage
  • the aim of the invention is to provide a method for preventing damage to a mechanical switching contact of a hybrid output stage of the switching device and an uncontrolled shutdown of an electrical load that can be connected to the switching device, in particular in the event of unwanted opening or bouncing of the mechanical switching contact.
  • a core idea of the invention can be seen in the creation of a switching device for electrically switching on and off an electrical load that can be connected to a direct voltage supply device, wherein the switching device has a hybrid output stage, i.e. a parallel circuit comprising a semiconductor switch and a mechanical switch of an electromechanical switch.
  • the switching device or a control and evaluation device of the switching device is designed to detect, in particular, an uncontrolled opening or bouncing of the electromechanical switch of the hybrid output stage during operation. This can be achieved with the aid of a voltage detection device that is assigned to the hybrid output stage, which can signal a fault in the electromechanical switch to the control and evaluation device during operation, i.e. when the switching device is switched on.
  • a switching device is provided in particular for electrically switching on and off an electrical load that can be connected to a direct voltage supply device, which can have the following features:
  • a Parallel circuit which has a first controllable semiconductor switch, a voltage detection device and a mechanical switching contact of a first electromechanical switch,
  • control and evaluation device which is connected to the voltage detection device, wherein the control and evaluation device is designed to monitor the voltage values preferably continuously supplied by the voltage detection device during operation and to detect a malfunction of the first electromechanical switch when the monitored voltage values change in a predetermined manner.
  • control and evaluation device can detect a fault in the electromechanical switch.
  • the switching device could report this status to a higher-level device, for example, so that appropriate measures can be taken.
  • control and evaluation device can be designed to first switch the first semiconductor switch electrically conductive, in particular during a switch-on process, and to temporarily store a first voltage value supplied by the voltage detection device, and after a predetermined period of time to close the mechanical switching contact of the first electromechanical switch and temporarily store a second voltage value supplied by the voltage detection device, which is smaller than the first voltage value, and then, i.e. in particular after successful completion of the switch-on process or during operation, to monitor the voltage values preferably continuously supplied by the voltage detection device and to detect a malfunction of the first electromechanical switch if the monitored voltage values exceed the second voltage value, in particular by a predetermined amount.
  • the control and evaluation device can detect a fault in the electromechanical switch.
  • a malfunction of the first electromechanical switch occurs in particular when the mechanical switching contact of the first electromechanical switch opens uncontrollably, for example due to vibrations of the switching device.
  • the first voltage value can be, for example, 2 V and the second voltage value can be around 0 V during proper operation.
  • the voltage detection device is designed in particular to detect the voltage value of a voltage drop across the parallel circuit and to supply this voltage value to the control and evaluation device for evaluation.
  • the expression “during operation” refers in particular to the switched-on state of the switching device.
  • the control and evaluation device detects that a fault has occurred in the first electromechanical switch.
  • the monitored voltage value in the parallel circuit rises almost back to the first voltage value.
  • the control and evaluation device is advantageously designed to detect or record a fault or malfunction of the electromechanical switch when the monitored voltage values exceed the second voltage value by a predetermined amount, which may be smaller than the first voltage value.
  • the control and evaluation device can be designed not only to close the mechanical switching contact of the first electromechanical switch after the predetermined period of time, but also to switch the first semiconductor switch to an electrically blocking state after the mechanical switching contact of the first electromechanical switch is closed.
  • the control and evaluation device is further designed to switch the first semiconductor switch to an electrically conductive state again during operation if an increase in the monitored voltage value above the second voltage value is detected.
  • control and evaluation device can be designed as a microcontroller.
  • the first voltage value, the second voltage value, possibly a threshold value that corresponds to the defined amount by which the monitored voltage value should exceed the second voltage value in the event of a fault, and/or the predetermined time period can expediently be stored in a memory device that can be implemented in the control and evaluation device or as a separate memory module.
  • the control and evaluation device can access these values in order to be able to control the switching device in the manner described above.
  • the voltage detection device comprises an electrical voltage divider.
  • a current measuring device can be arranged in the first current path or in the second current path and electrically connected to the control and evaluation device.
  • the current measuring device can be designed as a current sensor.
  • the switching device can, for example, have a detection device, an electrical energy storage device which is designed to supply energy within the device, and a voltage supply device which is connected to the first and second energy supply connection and which is electrically connected to the electrical energy storage device and the detection device.
  • the detection device is preferably designed to detect the drop in a DC voltage applied to the output of the voltage supply device below a predetermined threshold value, wherein the control and evaluation device is preferably designed to carry out a switch-off process for switching off an electrical load which can be connected to the first and second output connection in response to a drop in a DC voltage applied to the output of the voltage supply device below the predetermined threshold value detected by the detection device.
  • the switching device can have a third and fourth power supply connection to which a power supply device for providing a supply voltage for the switching device can be connected, a detection device, an electrical energy store which is designed for the device-internal power supply, and a voltage supply device connected to the third and fourth power supply connection, which is electrically connected to the electrical energy store and the detection device.
  • the detection device is preferably designed to detect the drop in a direct voltage applied to the output of the voltage supply device below a predetermined threshold value, wherein the control and evaluation device is designed to carry out a switch-off process for switching off an electrical load which can be connected to the first and second output connection in response to a drop in a direct voltage applied to the output of the voltage supply device below the predetermined threshold value detected by the detection device.
  • the voltage supply device can comprise a device for voltage conditioning, for example a voltage converter and/or voltage regulator, and optionally a reverse polarity protection.
  • the detection device can, for example, have a comparison device, which can be designed as a comparator, for example in the form of a Schmitt trigger.
  • the detection device can be implemented in the control and evaluation device or as a separate component.
  • the switching device can advantageously have an input connection which is designed to apply a control signal, the detection device being connected on the input side to the input connection and an output of the voltage supply device.
  • the control signal can be fed to the input connection by a higher-level control device and is monitored by the switching device or in particular by the control and evaluation device.
  • the detection device is in particular configured such that when the control signal is applied and when the DC voltage at the output of the power supply device falls below the predetermined threshold value, it generates a low level at the output, which signals a faulty power supply device to the control and evaluation device.
  • a further mechanical switching contact of at least one electromechanical switch can be connected in the first and/or second current path.
  • the switching device can have a second semiconductor switch that can be controlled by the control and evaluation device and that is electrically connected anti-serially to the first semiconductor switch.
  • a semiconductor diode is preferably assigned to each of the first and second semiconductor switches in such a way that that when the first and second semiconductors are controlled accordingly, an electric current can flow to a connected electrical load or to the DC voltage supply device.
  • a method for operating the switching device described above comprising the following steps: a) connecting an electrical load to the first and second output terminals; b) applying a direct voltage to the first and second power supply terminals; c) providing a supply voltage for the switching device; d) carrying out a switch-on process by the control and evaluation device (70); e) monitoring the voltage values supplied by the voltage detection device during operation by the control and evaluation device; and f) detecting a malfunction of the first electromechanical switch when the monitored voltage values change in a predetermined manner.
  • the switch-on process can be carried out by i) firstly switching the first semiconductor switch to be electrically conductive, wherein the first mechanical switch contact is opened, and a first voltage value detected by the voltage detection device is temporarily stored, and ii) after a predetermined period of time the mechanical switch contact of the first electromechanical switch is closed and a second voltage value detected by the voltage detection device, which is smaller than the first voltage value, is temporarily stored, wherein in step f) a malfunction of the first electromechanical switch is detected if the monitored voltage values exceed the second voltage value, in particular by exceed a predetermined amount.
  • the predetermined amount is preferably less than or equal to the first voltage value.
  • the first and/or second semiconductor switch can be designed as an insulated gate bipolar transistor (also called IGBT).
  • IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary switching device in which the invention is implemented
  • Figure 2A shows the time course of an input voltage UB
  • Figure 2B shows the time course of a control signal
  • Figure 2C shows the time course of the switching states of the first shown in Figure 1
  • Figure 2D shows the time course of the switching states of the first mechanical switching contact in Figure 1
  • Figure 2E shows the time course of the voltage values recorded by the voltage detection device.
  • FIG. 1 shows the basic circuit of an exemplary switching device 10, with which an electrical load 110 can be electrically switched on and off or electrically connected to or disconnected from a direct voltage supply device 20.
  • the switching device 10 has a first output connection 16 and a second output connection 17 to which the electrical load 110 can be connected.
  • the switching device 10 also has a first power supply connection 11 and a second power supply connection 12 to which the direct voltage supply device 20 can be connected.
  • the direct voltage supply device 20 is designed to apply a direct voltage to the two power supply connections 11 and 12.
  • the direct voltage supply device 20 is designed as a DC supply network.
  • the direct voltage supply device 20 has a first conductor 21, via which a first electrical potential, e.g.
  • a negative electrical potential can be applied to the power supply connection 11, and a second conductor 22, via which a second electrical potential, e.g. a positive electrical potential, can be applied to the power supply connection 12.
  • the switching device 10 also has a first current path 18, which is electrically connected, for example, to the first power supply connection 11 and the first output connection 16.
  • a parallel circuit 50 is arranged in the first current path 18, which can have a first controllable semiconductor switch 90, a voltage detection device 130 and a mechanical switching contact 82 of a first electromechanical switch 80.
  • the parallel circuit 50 can be referred to as a hybrid output stage.
  • the voltage detection device 130 is preferably designed as a voltage divider, which has, for example, four electrical resistors 131 to 134 connected in series.
  • the connection point between the electrical resistors 131 and 132 is electrically connected to an input 70f of the control and evaluation device 70. If the input 70f is an analog input, the control and evaluation device 70 has an A/D converter to convert the analog voltage values supplied by the voltage divider 130 into digital values.
  • the electrical resistor 131 is connected to ground, which in turn is connected to a ground input 70g of the control and evaluation device 70. In this way, a voltage drop across the resistor 131 can be measured by means of the control and evaluation device 70.
  • the control and evaluation device 70 is preferably floatingly connected to ground via the ground input 70g and is powered via the voltage supply 30, which may include galvanic isolation.
  • the semiconductor switch 90 can be designed as a bipolar transistor with an insulated gate electrode. Such a transistor is also referred to as an IGBT transistor.
  • the mechanical switching contact 82 lying parallel to the semiconductor switch 90 preferably belongs to an electromechanical switch 80, which is designed as a relay, for example.
  • the electromechanical switch 80 has, in a manner known per se, an excitation coil 81 located in a control circuit, which can be connected to an output 70e of a control and evaluation device 70.
  • the mechanical switching contact 82 forms a bypass for the semiconductor switch 90.
  • a diode 91 can be connected in parallel to the semiconductor switch 90, which enables a current return flow from the output connection 16 to the power supply connection 11.
  • the semiconductor switch 90 can be designed, for example, as a normally conducting n-channel transistor whose gate connection is connected to an output 70i of the control and evaluation device 70.
  • the cathode of the diode 91 is connected to the collector connection and the anode of the diode 91 is connected to the emitter connection of the semiconductor switch 90.
  • the control and evaluation device 70 can be designed, for example, as a microcontroller.
  • the collector of the semiconductor switch 90 is connected to the power supply connection 11, while the emitter connection of the semiconductor switch 81 is connected to the output connection 16.
  • a second controllable semiconductor switch 95 can be provided, which can also be designed, for example, as a normally conducting n-channel transistor and forms a so-called IGBT transistor.
  • the second semiconductor switch 95 if present, is connected anti-serially to the semiconductor switch 90.
  • the gate connection of the semiconductor switch 95 is also connected to an output 70h of the control and evaluation device 70, while the collector connection can be connected either directly or via a current measuring device 100 to the power supply connection 16 and also to the ground input 70g of the control and evaluation device.
  • the emitter connection of the semiconductor switch 95 can be electrically connected to the emitter connection of the semiconductor switch 90.
  • the semiconductor switch 95 may have a diode 96 connected in parallel to the collector and emitter, the cathode terminal of which is connected to the collector terminal and the anode terminal of which is connected to the emitter terminal of the Semiconductor switch 95 is connected.
  • Diode 96 enables a load current to flow to load 110 when semiconductor switch 90 is electrically conductive and semiconductor switch 95 is electrically blocked.
  • the basic function of semiconductor switch 95 is to enable a current flow in the direction from load 110 to energy supply device 20 with the aid of diode 91.
  • load 110 could be an energy storage device that can be discharged with the aid of switching device 10.
  • control and evaluation device 70 is able to switch semiconductor transistor 95 conductive and simultaneously switch semiconductor switch 90 blocking.
  • the semiconductor switch 95 is not implemented in the switching device 10 or is permanently kept in the electrically blocking state.
  • the switching device 10 has a second current path 19 which is electrically connected to the second power supply terminal 12 and the second output terminal 17.
  • a current measuring device 100 can be connected either to the first current path 18 or to the second current path 19.
  • the current measuring device 100 is connected to the first current path 18, specifically between the parallel circuit 50 and the output connection 16.
  • the current measuring device 100 can be designed as a current sensor in a manner known per se.
  • An input 70d of the control and evaluation device 70 is connected to an output of the current measuring device 100.
  • one task of the control and evaluation device 70 is to specifically put the semiconductor switch 90 and, if present, the semiconductor switch 95 either into a blocking or an electrically conductive state and also to close or open the mechanical switching contact 82 in a predetermined manner and to evaluate the voltage values supplied by the voltage detection device 130, in particular in the switched-on state of the switching device 10, in order to detect a disturbance of the electromechanical switch 80 and in particular an uncontrolled opening of the mechanical switch 82.
  • the supply voltage of the switching device 10 can be obtained, for example, from the direct voltage applied to the power supply terminals 11 and 12.
  • the supply voltage of the switching device 10 can also be provided via a separate external power supply device 120, which can be connected, for example, via a switch 13 to a third and fourth power supply terminal 13 and 14 of the switching device 10.
  • the power supply device 120 supplies, for example, a direct voltage UB of, for example, 24 V.
  • the supply voltage provided at the power supply terminals 13 and 14 can be fed to an internal voltage supply device 30, which is connected on the input side to the power supply terminals 13 and 14.
  • the voltage supply device 30 can, for example, have a voltage converter and a voltage regulator, which ensure that a predetermined operating voltage is provided at the output 31 of the voltage supply device 30 for the switching device 10 and its components, such as the control and evaluation device 70.
  • the voltage supply device 30 also supplies the necessary switching energy to control the mechanical switching contact 82.
  • the voltage supply device 30 supplies in particular switching energy for the excitation coil 81 in order to be able to control the mechanical switching contact 82 accordingly. If the supply voltage of the switching device 10 is obtained from the direct voltage applied to the power supply connections 11 and 12, the voltage supply device 30 is connected on the input side to the power supply connections 11 and 12.
  • the output 31 of the voltage supply device 30 an electrical energy storage device 40, for example in the form of a capacitor, can be connected.
  • the output of the energy storage device 40 is connected, for example, to a supply connection 70a of the control and evaluation device 70.
  • a detection device 150 can be provided that can in particular detect the failure of the power supply device 120.
  • the detection device 150 can be implemented, for example, by a comparator that can be designed as a Schmitt trigger or, in the simplest case, as an AND gate, the first input of which is connected to the output 31 of the voltage supply device 30, while the second input of the detection device 150 can be electrically connected to an input connection 15 of the switching device 10.
  • an optocoupler 160 can be connected between the input connection 15 and the second input of the detection device 150.
  • An external, preferably binary control signal can be applied to the input connection 15, which is supplied, for example, by a higher-level control device.
  • the output of the detection device 150 is connected to a digital input 70b of the control and evaluation device 70.
  • the detection device 150 signals to the control and evaluation device 70 that the energy supply device 120 is fault-free.
  • the detection device 150 can also be an integral part of the control and evaluation device 70. In this case, the control and evaluation device 70 has two corresponding inputs that are electrically connected to the output 31 of the voltage supply device 30 and the input connection 15.
  • the control and evaluation device 70 triggers a preferably predetermined switch-off process.
  • the energy stored in the energy storage device 40 is sufficient to carry out the switch-off process for separating the electrical load 110 from the energy supply device 20 by means of the control and evaluation device 70.
  • a memory device 60 can be implemented in the switching device 10.
  • the memory device 60 can be electrically connected to the control and evaluation device 70 as a separate memory module.
  • the memory device 60 can alternatively also be an integrated component of the control and evaluation device 70.
  • a first voltage value, a second voltage value that is smaller than the first voltage value, and/or a predetermined amount that is greater than the second voltage value and preferably smaller than or at most equal to the first voltage value can be stored in the memory device 60.
  • the first voltage value is 2 V and the second voltage value is 0 V.
  • the first voltage value is transferred from the voltage detection device 130 to the control and evaluation device 70 when the semiconductor switch 90 is electrically conductive and the mechanical switching contact 82 is open.
  • the second voltage value is transferred from the voltage detection device 130 to the control and evaluation device 70 when the mechanical switching contact 82 is closed, i.e. the excitation coil 81 is energized.
  • a further mechanical switching contact can be connected in the current path 18 and/or the current measuring path 19.
  • a further mechanical switching contact 172 is connected in the current path 18 and a mechanical switching contact 182 is connected in the second current path 19.
  • the two mechanical switching contacts 171 and 182 can be the switching contacts of a common electromechanical switch or, as shown in Figure 1, of a separate electromechanical switch 180 or 190.
  • the mechanical switching contacts 171 and 182 serve in particular for the galvanic isolation of the electrical load 110.
  • the two mechanical switching contacts 171 and 182 and also the mechanical switching contact 82 are each designed as normally open contacts.
  • control and evaluation device 70 can have two further outputs 70k or 70j, via which, for example, the switching energy for an excitation coil 171 of the electromechanical switch 170 or the switching energy for an excitation coil 181 of the electromechanical switch 180 can be supplied from the energy store 40.
  • the electromechanical switch 80 can, for example, have a further mechanical switching contact (not shown) that is mechanically connected to the switching contact 82 and that can be positively guided together.
  • the further mechanical switching contact could be connected to a further input of the control and evaluation device 70.
  • the control and evaluation device 70 could query the switching state of the further mechanical switching contact of the electromechanical switch 80 in order to be able to detect a fault in the mechanical switching contact 82 if necessary.
  • the switching device 10 is to carry out a switch-on process in which the electrical load 110 is electrically connected to the DC voltage supply device 20. It is also assumed that the semiconductor switch 95 is not present or, if present, is electrically blocked during the points in time considered. Furthermore, it is assumed by way of example that at time tO the control and evaluation device 70 ensures that the semiconductor switch 90 is electrically blocked, the mechanical switching contact 82 is opened and, if present, the mechanical switching contacts 172 and 182 are also opened, as shown in Figure 1. These switching states can also be seen at least partially in Figures 2C and 2d.
  • the control and evaluation device 70 preferably achieves this by the excitation coil 81 and, if present, also the excitation coils 171 and 181 not being energized, i.e. they are not connected to the voltage supply device 30 or the energy storage device 40. It should be noted that the control and evaluation device 70 is preferably designed to control the two electromechanical switches 170 and 180 synchronously.
  • a switch-on process is initiated, for example, by applying a supply voltage to the power supply terminals 13 and 14 at time t1 using the DC voltage source 120, as shown in Figure 2A. If the switching device 10 is also optionally to monitor the supply voltage present at the power supply terminals 13 and 14, a high level can also be applied to the input terminal 15 as a control signal at time t1, as shown in Figure 2B.
  • the control signal is preferably monitored by the detection device 150 or the control and evaluation device 70.
  • the control and evaluation device 70 causes the mechanical switching contacts 172 and 182, if present, to be closed by energizing the excitation coils 170 and 180, preferably synchronously, using the voltage supply device 30 or the energy storage device 40. At this moment, the electrical potential of the conductor 21 is applied to the output terminal 17 via the current path 19.
  • the energy storage device 40 is now charged via the voltage supply device 30 and the detection device 150, which is designed as an AND gate, for example, supplies a high level at the input 70b of the control and evaluation device 70, which signals to the control and evaluation device 70 that the supply voltage UB is correctly applied to the input terminals 13 and 14 and The control signal is present at input terminal 15.
  • the control signal is implemented, for example, by a signal with a high level.
  • the control and evaluation device 70 is designed to first switch the first semiconductor switch 90 to electrical conduction during the switch-on process at time t2, see Figure 2C, and to temporarily store a first voltage value supplied by the voltage detection device 130 to the input 70d, and after a predetermined time period t3-t2, i.e. at time t3, to close the mechanical switching contact 82 of the first electromechanical switch 80, see Figure 2D, and to temporarily store a second voltage value supplied by the voltage detection device 130 to the input 70d, which is smaller than the first voltage value.
  • a voltage of, for example, 2 V drops across the electrical resistor 131 of the voltage divider 130, which corresponds to the first voltage value
  • a voltage of, for example, approximately 0 V drops across the voltage divider 130 or across the electrical resistor 131, which corresponds to the second voltage value.
  • the control and evaluation device 70 concludes that the switch-on process was carried out successfully, i.e. without errors.
  • the optionally present current measuring device 100 signals at the input 70e of the control and evaluation device 70 that a load current is flowing.
  • the semiconductor switch 90 can be kept electrically conductive or switched to an electrically blocking state.
  • Figure 2C shows by way of example that the semiconductor 90 is permanently in the electrically conductive switching state during operation.
  • the robustness of the switching device 10 can be improved precisely because in the event of a fault, which occurs, for example, due to the uncontrolled opening or bouncing of the mechanical switching contact 82, no A change in state occurs at the load 110. If an error occurs, the load current is immediately commutated to the semiconductor switch 90. In other words, if the semiconductor 90 is kept permanently in the electrically conductive switching state during operation, the availability of the DC switching device 10 can be increased and the electrical load 110 can continue to operate, or can be switched off by means of the semiconductor switch 90 by the semiconductor switch 90 being specifically switched to the electrically blocking state by the control and evaluation device 70.
  • the control and evaluation device 70 begins to monitor the voltage values supplied by the voltage detection device 130 to the input 70d.
  • the control and evaluation device 70 is designed to detect a malfunction of the first electromechanical switch 80 or the mechanical switching contact 82 when the monitored voltage values change in a predetermined manner.
  • the control and evaluation device 70 detects a malfunction of the first electromechanical switch 80 or the mechanical switching contact 82 when the monitored voltage values exceed the second voltage value, ie 0V, in particular by a predetermined amount.
  • the predetermined amount is, for example, between the first and second voltage values, ie according to the exemplary implementation between 0V and 2V.
  • a voltage value supplied by the voltage divider 130 to the input 70f at time tx, which exceeds the second voltage value by a predetermined amount, is shown in dotted lines.
  • the control and evaluation device 70 detects this voltage change at the input 70f and concludes, for example by means of a plausibility check, that a fault has occurred with regard to the electromechanical switch 80 or the switching contact 82, in particular an uncontrolled opening of the mechanical switching contact 82.
  • control and evaluation device 70 can, for example, cause the switching device 10 to carry out a switch-off process to disconnect the electrical load 110 from the DC voltage supply device 20 and/or to generate a fault message, which is transmitted, for example, to a higher-level control system that is communicatively connected to the switching device 10.
  • the control and evaluation device 70 is further designed to carry out a switch-off process in order to electrically disconnect the electrical load 110 from the DC voltage power supply device 20.
  • control and evaluation device 70 can, in a manner known per se, switch the semiconductor switch 90 back to the electrically conductive state if it has been controlled to the electrically blocking state during operation and then, according to the exemplary implementation, transfer the excitation coil 81 and, if present, the excitation coils 171 and 181 to the de-energized state so that the mechanical switching contact 82 and, if present, the mechanical switching contacts 172 and 182 open.
  • the switching device 10 is preferably designed to monitor the supply voltage required to supply the switching device 10 during operation using the detection device 150 in order to be able to detect a voltage failure and, if necessary, carry out a switch-off process.
  • the energy supply device 120 fails or the supply voltage UB supplied by the energy supply device 120 at the energy supply terminals 13 and 14 falls below a predetermined threshold value, which corresponds to a low level. This is shown in Figure 2A. If, in response to this, the voltage present at the output 31 of the voltage supply device 30 falls to zero or below the predetermined threshold value, this voltage drop is detected by the detection device 150 and reported to the control and evaluation device 70. For example, in this case the detection device 150 generates a low level at its output, which signals a faulty energy supply device 120 to the control and evaluation device 70.
  • the detection device 150 which is designed as a Schmitt trigger, for example, can detect a corresponding voltage drop by an output-side Signal a level change of the control and evaluation device 70.
  • the control and evaluation device 70 causes the switching device 10 to carry out a switch-off process using the energy stored in the energy storage device 40, which can correspond to the previously described switch-off process in normal operation.
  • the exemplary switch-off process is shown in Figures 2A to 2D.
  • the power supply device 20 can be monitored by the switching device 10 for proper operation if the internal power supply of the switching device 20 is obtained from the direct voltage provided by the power supply device 20 at the terminals 11 and 12.
  • the power supply terminals 11 and 12 are connected to the power supply terminals 13 and 14 or the inputs of the voltage supply device 30. In this case, no power supply device is connected to the power supply voltage terminals 13 and 14.
  • a control signal is present at the input 15 and during proper operation the energy supply device 20 fails at time t4 or the supply voltage UB supplied by the energy supply device 20 at the energy supply connections 11 and 12 falls below a predetermined threshold value, which corresponds to a low level. If, in response to this, the voltage present at the output 31 of the voltage supply device 30 falls to zero or below the predetermined threshold value, this voltage drop is detected by the detection device 150 and reported to the control and evaluation device 70. For example, in this case the detection device 150 generates a low level at its output, which signals a faulty energy supply device 20 to the control and evaluation device 70.
  • the detection device 150 which is designed as a Schmitt trigger, for example, can detect a corresponding voltage drop by an output-side level change of the Control and evaluation device 70 signals.
  • the control and evaluation device 70 causes the switching device 10 to carry out a switch-off process using the energy stored in the energy storage device 40, which can correspond to the previously described switch-off process in normal operation.
  • the switching off process can be carried out by the switching device 10 without disruption in particular because the electrical energy storage device 40 supplies the necessary energy to supply the control and evaluation device 70 as well as the corresponding semiconductor switches and electromechanical switches with energy if the device supply of the switching device 10 via the DC voltage supply device 20 connected to the first and second energy supply connection 11, 12 or via the energy supply device 120 connected to the third and fourth energy supply connection 13, 14 collapses or fails completely.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne entre autres un dispositif de commutation (10) pour l'activation et la désactivation électriques d'une charge électrique (110) qui peut être connecté à un dispositif d'alimentation en tension continue (20), comprenant : - une première et une deuxième borne d'alimentation en énergie (11, 12) auxquelles un dispositif d'alimentation en tension continue externe (120) peut être connecté, - une première et une deuxième connexion de sortie (16, 17) auxquelles une charge électrique (110) peut être connectée, - un premier trajet de courant (18) qui est électriquement connecté à la première connexion d'alimentation en énergie (11) et à la première connexion de sortie (16), un circuit parallèle (50) étant disposé dans le premier trajet de courant (18), ledit circuit parallèle ayant un premier commutateur à semi-conducteur actionnable (90), un dispositif de détection de tension (130), et un contact de commutateur mécanique (82) d'un premier commutateur électromécanique (80), et - un dispositif de commande et d'analyse (70) qui est conçu pour surveiller des valeurs de tension fournies par le dispositif de détection de tension (130) pendant le fonctionnement et détecter un dysfonctionnement du premier commutateur électromécanique (80) si les valeurs de tension surveillées changent d'une manière spécifiée.
EP24702161.1A 2023-01-31 2024-01-26 Dispositif de commutation pour l'activation et la désactivation électriques d'une charge électrique pouvant être connectée à un dispositif d'alimentation en tension continue et procédé de fonctionnement d'un tel dispositif de commutation Pending EP4659355A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE20235060A BE1031305B1 (de) 2023-01-31 2023-01-31 Schaltgerät zum elektrischen Ein- und Ausschalten einer mit einer Gleichspannungs-Versorgungseinrichtung verbindbaren elektrischen Last sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Schaltgeräts
PCT/EP2024/051908 WO2024160673A1 (fr) 2023-01-31 2024-01-26 Dispositif de commutation pour l'activation et la désactivation électriques d'une charge électrique pouvant être connectée à un dispositif d'alimentation en tension continue et procédé de fonctionnement d'un tel dispositif de commutation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4659355A1 true EP4659355A1 (fr) 2025-12-10

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP24702161.1A Pending EP4659355A1 (fr) 2023-01-31 2024-01-26 Dispositif de commutation pour l'activation et la désactivation électriques d'une charge électrique pouvant être connectée à un dispositif d'alimentation en tension continue et procédé de fonctionnement d'un tel dispositif de commutation

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4659355A1 (fr)
BE (1) BE1031305B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2024160673A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19711622C2 (de) * 1997-03-20 2002-02-28 Michael Konstanzer Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer in einen Stromkreis geschalteten, elektrischen Last
EP2873083B1 (fr) 2012-08-30 2018-03-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft APPAREIL DE COMMUTATION POUR COMMANDER D'ALIMENTATION ASSOCIE& xA;D'UN MOTEUR ÉLECTRIQUE DISPOSÉ EN AVAL

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BE1031305B1 (de) 2024-09-02
BE1031305A1 (de) 2024-08-27
WO2024160673A1 (fr) 2024-08-08

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