Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
  • D04H1/4258—Regenerated cellulose series
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/4266—Natural fibres not provided for in group D04H1/425
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/4391—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece characterised by the shape of the fibres
  • D04H1/43912—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece characterised by the shape of the fibres fibres with noncircular cross-sections
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
  • D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
  • D04H1/732—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by fluid current, e.g. air-lay
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
  • D21H13/02—Synthetic cellulose fibres
  • D21H13/08—Synthetic cellulose fibres from regenerated cellulose

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates to innovations concerning the production of nonwoven materials and their composition.
• the natural plant fiber fraction increase the strength of the so produced material.
• abaca pulp in the production of specialty papers to increase, inter alia, tensile strength and ball-burst strength of the so produced paper.
• abaca the use of other natural fibers, such as sisal, hemp, kenaf, esparto or the like, has been suggested, but their performance is inferior to abaca.
• abaca also known as manila hemp
• manila hemp is a rather expensive raw material.
• abaca is a seasonal product that can strongly differ in quality from one season to the next or depending on the origin. This makes it difficult to exactly reproduce paper quality parameters.
• Other natural products that could be used to substitute abaca come with similar problems.
• WO2022023394 A1 discloses the use of highly fibrillated flat lyocell fibers in nonwoven fiber materials, e.g. for specialty paper for battery separators. The disclosure is based on the specific tendency of flat lyocell fibers to easily fibrillate and form long and fine fibrils while keeping an intact fiber core.
• the present disclosure describes methods and materials that overcome the drawback of known techniques and products.
• the present application discloses a nonwoven material produced by a method comprising at least the steps of suspending fibers in a liquid or gaseous suspension fluid and laying-down the fibers to form the nonwoven material, wherein the nonwoven material comprises from 30 % to 95 % per weight natural plant-based fibers and/or man-made cellulosic fibers and from 5 % per weight to 70 % per weight, preferably from 10 % per weight to 55 % per weight flat lyocell fibers, wherein the flat lyocell fibers are provided with a flat cross section with a cross-sectional aspect ratio of at least 1.8, preferably of at least 4 or even more preferred of at least 6 and wherein the surface of the flat lyocell fibers is free of fibrillation grooves.
• the so produced nonwoven material reduces or even eliminates the need for natural strengthening fibers, such as abaca pulp, by the use of flat, essentially unfibrillated lyocell fibers.
• the inventors have found that a very strong nonwoven material of high quality can be produced by using flat lyocell fibers instead of abaca pulp or similar material.
• the beneficial effects can be achieved with essentially unfibrillated flat lyocell fibers. This allows for a reproducible manufacture of nonwoven materials, such as papers or fleeces, with constant quality parameters.
• the fibers do not need to be fibrillated, so that this rather energy- and resources-consuming processing step can be omitted.
• Fibers that have been subjected to any intentional fibrillation step show a strong fibrillation and a characteristic pattern of surface irregularities appearing as ripples or grooves. This pattern is herein referred to as "fibrillation grooves".
• fibrillation grooves Conversely, if the fiber surface is free of fibrillation grooves, it is obvious that the fibers have not been subjected to any intentional fibrillation step. Fibers that are free of fibrillations grooves have a smooth surface and can also be denoted as essentially unfibrillated fibers (although a small amount of fibrillation can also be observed with essentially unfibrillated fibers).
• Fibrillation grooves denotes surface irregularities that originate from a fibrillation treatment. Fibrillations grooves appear on fibers that have undergone a fibrillation treatment.
• fibrillation treatment denotes the application of a shearing force with a so-called refiner. Depending on the desired extend of fibrillation, the fibrillation treatment can be performed from few minutes up to several hours.
• refiners are known in the art and can be used to perform a fibrillation treatment. Most common examples for refiners comprise (but are not limited to) disc refiners applying a rotor/stator principle, cone refiners and cylinder refiners. Such a fibrillation treatment step is generally applied to staple fibers before they are being used to produce a nonwoven material.
• essentially unfibrillated denotes fibers that have not been subjected to any intentional fibrillation step before being used to produce the nonwoven material. Essentially unfibrillated fibers can have fibrils, but do not have the characteristic fibrillation grooves.
• the cross-sectional aspect ratio of the fibre is defined as the width to height ratio of a minimum bounding rectangle around the cross section of the fibre.
• the minimum bounding rectangle is the smallest rectangle circumscribing the perimeter of the fibre cross section.
• the width of the bounding rectangle thereby is measured along the longer direction of the fibre cross section.
• a fiber can be considered flat if its cross section has a cross-sectional aspect ratio of at least 1.8.
• the cross-sectional aspect ratio can be at least 4 or even more preferred at least 6.
• natural plant-based fibers refers to fibers that are produced by separating fibrous material from plant material.
• natural plant-based fibers include, but are not limited to, cotton, cotton linters, hemp, abaca, sisal, kenaf, esparto, hardwood pulp, softwood pulp and the like.
• man-made cellulosic fibers refers to fibers produced from regenerated cellulose.
• man-made cellulosic fibers include, but are not limited to fibers produced according to a viscose process, a lyocell process, a cupra process, a cold-alkali process or a similar process.
• natural plant-based fibers and/or man-made cellulosic fibers denotes fibers that are produced directly or indirectly from plants as a raw material or any mixture of such fibers.
• the nonwoven fiber fleece can have a dry specific tensile strength (Fmax) of at least 0.15 Nm 2 /g, preferable of at least 0.18 Nm 2 /g or even more preferred of at least 0.2 Nm 2 /g.
• Fmax dry specific tensile strength
• the nonwoven material can have a ball burst strength of at least 2.5 N/1.5 cm, preferable of at least 3 N/1.5cm and most preferred of at least 3.5 N/1.5 cm. Test showed that a relatively high ball burst strength can be reached at low basis weight.
• the nonwoven material disclosed herein can have a tearing strength of at least 0.5 N/75mm. A sufficient tearing strength is needed for many industrial applications and can be achieved according to the teachings herein.
• the nonwoven material can be produced by a method comprising at least one hydroentanglement step and/or at least one calendaring step. Hydroentanglement significantly increases the fiber bonding within the nonwoven material and so increases the strength of the nonwoven. Nonetheless, it could also be possible to reach the required properties with different and/or additional bonding techniques, such as thermal bonding, the use of binders or the like. In some cases, for example with airlaid material, also needling techniques can be used. Nonetheless, under certain conditions and for specific applications, a step of drying the nonwoven material could already give sufficient bonding so that any additional bonding step can be omitted.
• Calendaring may be used to increase the density of the nonwoven material by reducing the thickness and the pore sizes. This also increases the strength of the nonwoven material.
• the flat lyocell fibers of the nonwoven material can have an average cut-length in the range of 2 mm to 20 mm, preferably of 3 mm to 12 mm.
• the cut-length particularly effects the strength and the appearance of the nonwoven material.
• a short cut-length results in a nonwoven with reduced mechanical properties, whereas a longer cut-length increases the mechanical performance of the product but reduces the processability of the material.
• an optimal balance of the properties can be found at an average cut-length of about 4 mm to about 8 mm.
• the nonwoven material according to another embodiment disclosed herein can have an air permeability in the range of 50 Ls/m 2 to 1000 Ls/m 2 , preferably of 70 Ls/m 2 to 200 Ls/m 2 .
• the air-permeability of a nonwoven material can be adjusted in a broad range by changing the main influence factors such as the grammage, the fiber titer, the extend of perforation, the degree of densifying (e.g. by hydroentagling energy or calendaring) and the like. It was found that by adjusting the amount of flat lyocell fibers and/or their properties, such as the cross-sectional aspect ratio, the air-permeability of the nonwoven material can be reproducibly adjusted in a surprisingly broad range. Therefore it is possible to adjust the air-permeability by adjusting the percentage of the flat lyocell fibers and/or their properties, e.g. their cross-sectional aspect ratio and/or their fiber titer and/or their fiber length.
• the nonwoven material can have a thickness in the range of between 0.02 mm and 2 mm.
• Very thin nonwoven materials for example in the range of between 0.02 and 0.08 mm, can, for example, be used for the production of insulation papers and beverage filters, such as coffee filters, teabags, casing paper or the like.
• Ab bit thicker nonwoven materials for example in the range of between 0.08 mm and 0.3 mm, can be used, for example for the production of filter media for industrial and automotive applications and wallpaper. Even thicker material can be preferred for other applications, such as padding material for meat packaging.
• an airlaid process can be optimally used to produce thicker nonwoven materials, e.g. with a thickness in the range of 0.1 mm to 2 mm, preferably from 0.3 to 0.8 mm, whereas wetlaid nonwoven materials can be produced to be very thin, e.g. to have a thickness in the range of 0.02 mm to 0.5 mm.
• the nonwoven material according to one embodiment disclosed herein can comprise supplemental fibers, preferably in a range of between 0 % per weight and 65 % per weight, wherein the supplemental fibers are selected from a group comprising: synthetic fibers, such as polyester fibers, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyamide fibers, elastane fibers, aramid fibers, animal fibers, PLA-fibers or a mixture of two or more of such fibers.
• synthetic fibers such as polyester fibers, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyamide fibers, elastane fibers, aramid fibers, animal fibers, PLA-fibers or a mixture of two or more of such fibers.
• the addition of supplemental fibers can be used to achieve very specific and special properties for the nonwoven material.
• Another aspect of the present disclosure pertains to a product comprising a nonwoven material as disclosed herein, wherein the product is selected from the group comprising filter media for beverages, such as tea bags or coffee pods, meat casing paper, automotive or industrial filter media, electrical or insulation papers, security papers, banknote papers, medical papers, packaging papers, food contact papers, food tray absorption layers, wrapping papers, wallpapers, décor or overlay papers, agricultural papers, tobacco papers, tapes, moist toilet tissues, hygienic products, such as pantiliners or sanitary pads.
• the present disclosure concerns the use of a nonwoven material disclosed herein for the production of a product, wherein the product is selected from the group comprising filter media for beverages, such as tea bags or coffee pods, meat casing paper, automotive or industrial filter media, electrical or insulation papers, security papers, banknote papers, medical papers, packaging papers, food contact papers, food tray absorption layers, wrapping papers, wallpapers, décor or overlay papers, agricultural papers, tobacco papers, tapes, moist toilet tissues, hygienic products, such as pantiliners or sanitary pads.
• filter media for beverages such as tea bags or coffee pods
• meat casing paper such as tea bags or coffee pods
• automotive or industrial filter media electrical or insulation papers
• security papers banknote papers
• medical papers packaging papers
• food contact papers such as food tray absorption layers
• wrapping papers such as wallpapers, décor or overlay papers
• agricultural papers such as pantiliners or sanitary pads.
• the present application discloses a method for the production of a nonwoven material, wherein the method comprises at least the steps of suspending fibers in a liquid or gaseous suspension fluid and laying-down the fibers to form the nonwoven material, wherein the nonwoven material comprises from 30 % to 95 % per weight natural plant-based fibers and/or man-made cellulosic fibers and from 5 % per weight to 70 % per weight, preferably from 10 % per weight to 55 % per weight flat lyocell fibers, wherein the flat lyocell fibers are provided with a flat cross section with a cross-sectional aspect ratio of at least 1.8, preferably of at least 4 or even more preferred of at least 6 and wherein the surface of the flat lyocell fibers is free of fibrillation grooves.
• the method allows for the production of nonwoven materials having specifically adjusted quality parameters in a reproducible way. Negative effects of quality changes of seasonal products, such as Abaca or the like, can be avoided.
• the method comprises at least one hydroentanglement step and/or at least one calendaring step.
• the possible range of achievable parameters can be extended even further by using a hydroentanglement step, a calendaring step of a combination of such steps.
• the processes of hydroentanglement or calendaring are per se known in the art and can therefore easily applied to the nonwovens disclosed herein.
• the suspension fluid is a liquid, preferably an aqueous solution or water.
• a wetlaid process is commonly also known as "wetlaid process” and is especially well-known from the area of paper production.
• the raw material fibers in paper production commonly paper pulp is used
• the slurry can also comprise other fibers, e.g. it is known to add synthetic fibers to the slurry.
• the slurry is then deposited on a moving permeable screen, where the water is drained to form the nonwoven material.
• the material is further dewatered, e.g. by pressing between rollers, and dried. It has been found that by combining these well-known techniques with the teachings disclosed herein, nonwoven materials with exceptional properties can be produces.
• the suspension fluid can be a gaseous medium, preferably air.
• a gaseous medium preferably air.
• the airlaid process can be implemented by feeding the raw-material fibers (which are generally relatively short) into a forming head by an airstream. By air again, a controlled part of the fibre mix leaves the forming head and is deposited on a moving belt, where a randomly oriented web is formed. Compared to the wetlaid process, airlaid webs have a lower density, a greater softness and a higher thickness. Airlaid webs offer great versatility in terms of the fibres and fibre blends that can be used. Further, the airlaid process allows for a very homogeneous mixture of the fibers in case different fiber types are used as the raw-material.
• Fig. 1 and 2 The microscopic images shown in Fig. 1 and 2 were taken with an electron microscope of the type Phenom Pro X with the software Phenom Pro Suite at a magnification of 500x ( Fig. 1 ) and 650x ( Fig. 2 ).
• the microscopic images shown in Fig. 3, 4 and 5 were taken with an electron microscope of the type FEI Quanta 450 with the software FEI Quanta Microscope Control, v6.2.10, at a magnification of 500x ( Fig. 3 and 5 ) and 1000x ( Fig. 4 ).
• Fig. 1 shows a cluster of flat, unfibrillated lyocell fibers.
• the fibers have a smooth surface free of any fibrillation grooves which clearly shows that they have not undergone any fibrillation step. Nonetheless, some minor fibrills can be seen as they normally occur on any lyocell fibers.
• the fibers shown are quite uniform having a width of about 20 - 30 ⁇ m and a thickness of about 5-10 ⁇ m.
• the cross-sectional aspect ratio of the fibres which is defined as the width to height ratio of a minimum bounding rectangle around the cross section of the fibre, would probably be in the range of 3-4. An exact determination cannot be made from this view but it is known in the art how to assess and measure an average value of the cross-sectional aspect ratio with an adequate accuracy.
• Fig. 2 shows another view of a cluster of flat, unfibrillated lyocell fibers, but this time in a cross-sectional view focused on the fiber-cross-sections.
• the flat cross-section can be clearly observed in this view.
• the cross-section differs from one fiber to another, which is also partly due to the cutting angle.
• Fig. 3 shows a cluster of fibrillated flat lyocell fibers. It can be observed that the fibrillation not only produced a high number of fibrills, but also affected the surface of the fibers, which are no longer smooth and even, but show a distinctive pattern of fibrillation grooves.
• Fig. 4 which shows fibrillated fibers in a higher resolution
• the fibrillation grooves can be seen as a pattern of lines running mainly parallelly to the main axis of the fibers.
• Fig. 5 shows a microscopic image of a fiber mixture comprising flat, unfibrillated lyocell fibers and pulp fibers.
• the pulp fibers show an irregular form and an uneven surface, whereas the lyocell fibers show their typically smooth surface and have a very uniform cross-section.
• All nonwoven samples were produced using two different fibrous raw materials, a wood pulp fraction (Canfor) and a fiber fraction (either lyocell fibers, abaca or PSPI). All nonwovens were produced using a Rapid-Köthen Sheet Former (Type RK-2A).
• the wood pulp was first teared into coarse pieces and left to soak in water for a few minutes at a ratio of approximately 1/15.
• the soaked, softened pulp was then mixed with a propeller mixer at 800-1500 rpm until a homogeneous paste was obtained.
• the resulting pulp solution was then transferred to a G2 frit and slipped off without applying pressure.
• the filter cake was then transferred to a large plate, carefully plucked and dried overnight at 60°C in a vacuum drying oven. The dried pulp was finely plucked and conditioned overnight in the laboratory before it was used for further processing.
• the moisture content of the fiber fraction and of the conditioned, dried pulps were determined before they were weighed for sheet production.
• the prepared pulp and fibers were weighed into single sample vails. Distilled water was added to soften the material at least 4 hours before paper manufacturing. Further processing at this stage took place within 2 days maximum.
• a whipping beaker was filled with 2 liters of tap water and the precisely weighed pulp was added to the water. The so produced pulp suspension was mixed in the beaker at 3000 rpm for 2 minutes. The beaker was then opened and the previously weighed fibers were added. The beaker was locked again, and mixing procedure was repeated for 15 seconds at 3000 rpm.
• a sieve was placed in the sheet former and tightly closed. The forming process was started. When the water covers the spray nozzles of the leaf former, the entire fine suspension of the beaker (with pulp and fiber mix) were emptied into the leaf former and the stirring cup was quickly rinsed with a spray bottle.
• the sheet former was opened, the sieve with the hand-paper on it was placed in the drying unit and covered with a protective plastic film.
• the drying unit was closed, and vacuum was applied.
• the round paper was dried for 10 minutes at 90°C.
• nonwoven materials comprising flat, unfibrillated lyocell fibers show a significantly elevated tensile strength, tearing strength and ball burst strength than the direct comparison samples (Samples 2 and 6, respectively).
• nonwoven materials that comprise flat, unfibrillated lyocell fibers show properties that are comparable to state of the art nonwoven materials comprising Abaca (Comparison Samples 4 and 8) or PSP (Comparison Samples 3 and 7).

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=91375990

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Citations (3)

• 2024
  • 2024-06-03 EP EP24179712.5A patent/EP4660361A1/fr active Pending
• 2025
  • 2025-06-03 WO PCT/EP2025/065249 patent/WO2025252692A1/fr active Pending

Patent Citations (3)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events