Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
  • E04B2/70—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood
  • E04B2/701—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with integrated supporting and obturation function
  • E04B2/702—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with integrated supporting and obturation function with longitudinal horizontal elements
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
  • E04B2001/3583—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block using permanent tensioning means, e.g. cables or rods, to assemble or rigidify structures (not pre- or poststressing concrete), e.g. by tying them around the structure

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of construction, and more precisely to modular construction of buildings.
• CN114482329A discloses a lego type wall panel system with temperature control function.
• the panels are fixed to a thermal insulation wall, which is also connected to the body of the wall.
• An aluminum plate is placed on the thermal insulation panel. Grooves are formed in the aluminum plate and the heat insulation panel, in which temperature control pipes are placed.
• a veneer is fixed on the aluminum plate. This system is too complex and expensive to build.
• a system of modular chipboard beams for building a lego type building is also known from the state of the art, each beam being a monolithic element of two cubes, each with a separate cavity in which a styrofoam element is placed.
• two adjacent beams are fixed to each other by a third beam located on top of the two adjacent beams so as to enclose one cube of each beam, thus producing a pyramidal structure.
• the bottom beams are placed on a foundation that is shaped to push the styrofoam inside them up.
• the styrofoam thus pushed ensures the fixation of the upper cube to it, and in such a way, the styrofoam of the upper cube is also pushed up, so as to continue the construction in vertical direction.
• the system described above is not strong enough, and requires a lot of finishing work, which makes it very expensive.
• a construction for constructing a building from beams of solid wood with a quadrangular cross-section, each with four long sides and two short sides is also known.
• Beams have recesses or cutouts for assembly with a coupling element of another beam.
• the beams have relief couplings for a tongue- and-groove type joint with the couplings of an adjacent beam.
• the structure described above is expensive and difficult to build because of the great weight of each beam. It also does not allow for additional installation procedures that must be performed externally on the beams.
• the object of the invention is to create a system of modules for construction of a building that is simple, inexpensive, easy to use and manufacture, and provides good strength and thermal insulation of the finished building.
• a construction module for constructing a building which is a beam with a quadrangular cross-section, which has four long sides and two short sides. Two of the opposite long sides are formed, respectively, by two side planks of wood, which enclose a longitudinal cavity, which is open at the other two opposite long sides. At least one installation pipe is located in the longitudinal cavity, and it is open in direction of the openings of the longitudinal cavity. The length of the installation pipe matches the width of the side planks.
• the cavity of the beam is filled with insulating polymer material with good adhesion to wood. At both ends of the beam, between the side planks, there is a reinforcing element of wood, forming together with the ends of the side planks the short side of the beam.
• the longitudinal cavity is divided into separate chambers by transverse struts.
• the chambers of the longitudinal cavity are of the same size and each has an installation pipe located in one of the corners of the chamber.
• coupling elements shaped as recesses, grooves, teeth, and/or ribs for assembly with coupling elements of reinforcing element of another beam.
• At least one of the reinforcing elements has a through communication channel, which is open in direction of the openings of the longitudinal cavity.
• the installation pipe is made of cardboard.
• the wooden elements of the beam are made of monolithic wood.
• the insulating polymer material is expanded polyurethane.
• the reinforcing elements are made of glued together planks, and the through fixing communication channel is formed as a gap between the planks.
• the construction modules according to the invention are easy to manufacture, strong, and relatively lighter than known construction modules, and are also economically advantageous due to the materials from which they are produced.
• a building construction system is designed with the construction modules described above, where two or more beams are assembled vertically on top of each other parallel or perpendicular to each other, so that the installation pipes of one beam are coaxial and connected to the installation pipes of the adjacent beams in vertical direction, and the through communication channels of the coupling elements of adjacent construction modules are coaxial in vertical direction.
• the system is a building, the walls of which are made of the modules for constructing a building according to the invention, wherein the two faces of the walls are formed by the wooden side planks of the modules.
• the system comprises a fastening module comprising a steel rope, at one end of which there is an anchoring element for anchoring to the foundation of the building, and at the other end of the steel rope there is a pressing element and a fixing means adapted to fix the pressing element to the steel rope.
• the steel rope of the fastening module is located in a composite cavity formed by the through fixing communication channels in the reinforcing elements of the construction modules, the fixing element being tensioned and locked on the reinforcing element of the uppermost construction module by the fixing means of the fastening module.
• An additional task of the invention is creation of a method for producing construction modules and a method for construction of a building with such modules.
• the method for producing construction modules further comprises a step of milling of part of the walls of the construction module to form coupling elements for joint with adjacent construction modules.
• a method for construction of a building is also created, wherein to form the walls of the building, construction modules according to the invention are coupled by assembling them on top of each other parallel or perpendicular to each other, by means of joints formed by the coupling elements of the construction modules, and the roof of the building is placed after the walls are ready.
• the walls are assembled, they are anchored to the foundation of the building by means of a fastening module comprising a steel rope, at one end of which there is an anchoring element, by means of which the fastening module is anchored to the foundation of the building, and at the other end of the steel rope there is a pressing element and a fixing means, the steel rope passes through the coaxially arranged communication channels of the reinforcing elements of the beams, after which the steel rope is tensioned, and the pressing element located on the reinforcing element of the uppermost beam presses down and compresses the arranged one on top of the other reinforcing elements of the beams.
• the fastening module compresses the arranged one on top of the other reinforcing elements of the beams to the level of elastic deformation of the wooden material from which the wooden elements of the beams are made.
• the system of construction modules created in this way is cheap and easy to manufacture, because it does not require any finishing work after its assembly, except if desired, an impregnant, varnish or paint could be applied for additional aesthetic purposes. It also provides high thermal insulation, thermal conductivity and strength.
• a building constructed with this system provides a wall that can withstand an impact of a 1.5-ton vehicle, which moves at 40 km/h. Due to the unification of modules, the system is very easy and quick to assemble, even by persons without the necessary construction training. Installation pipes allow easy routing of electrical and/or communication cables or water pipes.
• a construction module for constructing a building is a beam with a quadrangular cross-section, which has four long sides and two short sides. Two of the opposite long sides are formed, respectively, by two wooden side planks 1, which may be parallel to each other, or alternatively may have convex surfaces, in which case the planes in which they are located are parallel.
• the side planks enclose a longitudinal cavity 2, open at the other two opposite long sides, which cavity can be composed of a single chamber or divided into separate chambers 12 by transverse struts 6.
• the chambers 12 of the longitudinal cavity 2 can be of same size, or alternatively they can be of different size. Strut is not required if the length of the longitudinal cavity is less than 800 mm.
• the transverse struts 6 are preferably made of wood, but they can also be made of another suitable material, for example a polymeric material, as long as they fulfill their function, namely to facilitate the production of the beams, and then ensure a secure attachment of the planks to each other, and to strengthen the structure.
• the struts 6 have a width that is smaller than the width of the side planks 1, in which case they are installed in the longitudinal cavity 2 so that they do not reach the ends of the side planks 1.
• the distance from the end of the strut 6 to the ends of the side planks 1 is preferably up to 1 ⁇ 4 of the width of the side planks.
• At least one installation pipe 3 is located in one or more of the chambers 12, preferably in all chambers. It is possible to have more installation pipes 3 in one chamber 12, depending on construction needs.
• the installation pipes 3 are open in the direction of the openings of the longitudinal cavity, and the length of each installation pipe 3 coincides with the width of the side planks 1.
• each installation pipe is located in one of the corners of the chamber 12, which allows its easier initial positioning and fastening in the beam. Alternatively, it can be located elsewhere in the respective chamber, but thus its initial placement requires more care.
• the installation pipes 3 are attached to the walls of the chambers 12 (the inner sides of the side planks 1 or the sides of the struts 6) by gluing or by means of a fastening element, for example, a clamp with wood screws.
• the installation pipes 3 serve for placing and passing through them of electric cables or water pipes of the building under construction.
• the shape of the installation pipes 3 is preferably cylindrical, but alternatively pipes of another shape, for example square, can be used.
• the installation pipe 3 is made of cardboard, which is cheap to produce and easy to size and attach material.
• it can be made of another suitable material, for example plastic.
• the longitudinal cavity 2 of the beam is filled completely with insulating polymer material with good adhesion to wood.
• this material is expanded polyurethane, because it allows quick and easy filling of the cavity and is easy for subsequent milling, and provides high thermal insulation and thermal conductivity.
• another type of suitable insulating materials with good adhesion to wood can be used.
• the beam has two opposite long walls formed by the side wooden planks 1 and two opposite long walls formed by the insulating polymer material in the middle and the ends of the side planks 1.
• This reinforcing element can have different sizes and relief, depending on the functions it performs. Its main function is to connect the ends of the side planks 1 and to enclose the longitudinal cavity 2 at the short sides.
• the reinforcing elements 4 are of greater length at the ends of the beams, which serve to connect with other beams arranged perpendicularly or parallel, and the length here is the size of the reinforcing element 4 in direction of the extension of the beam, that is, the length shows how much of the longitudinal cavity 2 is occupied by the reinforcing element 4.
• the reinforcing element can be shorter and it can be an end plank arranged transversely to the side planks.
• both reinforcing elements 4 can have through communication channel 5, which is open in direction of the openings of the longitudinal cavity. It is possible that the communication channel 5 is located in the middle sections of the reinforcing element ( Fig. 1 , 2 ). Alternatively, the communication channel 5 can be made as a groove located on the short side of the beam. When assembling a wall of a building, the communication groove of one beam is joined with the communication groove of an adjacent and parallel beam in horizontal direction, and the two grooves form one communication channel.
• the through communication channel 5 can have different cross-section, for example, square, circle or another shape.
• the reinforcing elements 4 are made of planks glued together with wood glue, and the through communication channel 5 is formed as a naturally occurring gap between the planks after arranging them in a suitable configuration.
• the communication channel 5 has a rectangular cross-section.
• This embodiment is easier and cheaper to manufacture than making a communication channel by drilling with a drill.
• the reinforcing elements 4 are made of planks glued with glue without a naturally formed gap, and the through communication channel could be drilled after gluing.
• the reinforcing elements 4 are one monolithic element of wood, which is drilled to form the through communication channel 5.
• coupling ribs 10 and recesses 11 can be made on the short wall of the beam in the reinforcing element 4, which form a front tooth joint with mirroring alignment of the coupling ribs 10 and recesses 11 in the reinforcing element 4 of the adjacent beam.
• a gap may be left (for example, by making the rib lower and/or making the recess deeper) between the centrally located rib 10 of one beam and corresponding central recess 11 of the other beam, which gap forms a communication channel 5 in the assembled state of the two beams.
• the coupling ribs and recesses are formed by using planks of different lengths, as shown in figure 3 .
• the reinforcing element is made of monolithic piece of wood
• the coupling ribs and recesses are made by milling the short side of the beam.
• the mentioned coupling elements of the short walls of the beams can be made on both short walls or only on one of the short walls.
• a coupling element 7 for joint with a corresponding coupling element of another beam located perpendicularly and adjacent, above or below.
• the beam is used as an end top or bottom beam of a wall, it is sufficient to have such a coupling element only on the side where it connects to other beams.
• the beam is intermediate in the construction, it can have coupling elements on two opposite sides, respectively, top and bottom, but it is possible that the coupling element is only on one side.
• the simplest example of a coupling element is shown in the figures as a transverse to the extension of the beam recess 7 with a square section located at the end of the long wall and on the wall of the reinforcing element on the side of the beam, which is formed by the insulating polymer material.
• the recess 7 on the upper side of one beam enters into an overlapping joint with the recess 7 on the lower side of the other beam, the ends of the beams projecting in front of the vertical walls of the other beam formed by the side planks.
• each long wall of the beams formed by the insulating polymer material which is perpendicular to the walls formed by the side planks, has longitudinal relief coupling elements, for example ribs 8 and grooves 9, for a joint, for example, of the nut and feder (tongue and groove) type, with coupling elements of adjacent beam.
• the beam is used as an end top or bottom beam, it is sufficient to have relief coupling elements for assembly only on the side where it connects to other beams.
• the beam is intermediate in the construction, it must have relief coupling elements for joint on two opposite sides, respectively, top and bottom, with the coupling elements on one side mirroring the coupling elements located on the other side of the beam.
• the relief coupling elements for joint preferably extend along the entire length of the beam, including the reinforcing elements 4.
• the wooden elements of the beam are made of solid wood, but alternatively they can be made of another type of suitable wood material. Preferably, all wooden elements of the beam are made of the same type of wood. Different wood can be used for the production of the modules, depending on its strength characteristics and the climatic conditions to which it will be subjected.
• the construction module can be of different lengths, for example 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 meters, or any other length suitable for the purposes of the construction being built.
• the width of the construction module can also vary according to the purpose of the construction being built, for example, it can be 200 mm, or 180 mm, or 170 mm, or 140 mm, or some other value.
• the height of the construction module is between 150 mm and 250 mm, preferably 200 mm, the width of the side wooden planks after milling may be less than the height of the construction module, depending on the depth of the milled grooves.
• the thickness of the side wooden planks is between 20 mm and 30 mm, preferably 25 mm.
• the thickness of the layer of insulating material is between 70 mm and 150 mm.
• the thickness of the reinforcing element is between 80 mm and 400 mm.
• the length of the chambers between the struts can be between 300 mm and 800 mm, preferably 600 mm.
• the diameter of the installation pipes must be in accordance with the communications that will pass through them - water pipes, electrical and communication cables, the diameter is preferably 45 mm.
• the construction modules according to the invention can be used both for the construction of external walls and for internal walls of a building or the floor of a building.
• the construction modules can be thinner than those used for external walls, due to no need for thermal insulation.
• the plywood boards When used for the construction of the floor of a building, before filling with insulating polymer material, for example, plywood boards are fixed, for example by nailing, on one side of the longitudinal cavity of the beams, the plywood boards have a width equal to the width of the beam, so when the beams are arranged next to each other they form a level floor. After the plywood boards are placed, the beams are partially filled with the insulation material and after it dries, the beams are arranged in a floor configuration.
• insulating polymer material for example, plywood boards are fixed, for example by nailing
• the production of construction modules comprises the following steps:
• reinforcing elements 4 are made of separate planks, they are pre-glued to each other in the desired shape of the reinforcing element, after which the blank is made.
• the method also comprises a step of milling of part of the walls of the construction module to form coupling elements for joint with adjacent construction modules.
• a building is constructed where two or more beams are assembled vertically on top of each other parallel or perpendicular to each other, depending on whether they will form one wall of the building or two walls perpendicular to each other.
• the construction modules according to the invention can be used to build all the walls of a given building, or only a part of them, depending on the needs of the construction.
• the installation pipes 3 of one beam are coaxial and are connected to the installation pipes 3 of the adjacent beams in vertical direction, so as to allow the passage of electric cables and water installation through them.
• the through communication channels 5 of the reinforcing elements 4 of adjacent construction modules are coaxial in vertical direction so that the beams can be fixed to each other.
• the fixing is done preferably by means of a fastening module comprising a steel rope, at one end of which there is an anchoring element for anchoring to the foundation of the building, and at the other end of the steel rope there is a pressing element and a fixing means that fixes the pressing element to the steel rope.
• the steel rope of the fastening module is located in the composite cavity formed by the through communication channels of the reinforcing elements of the construction modules, the fixing element is tensioned and locked on the reinforcing element of the uppermost construction module by the fixing means of the fastening module.
• the pressing element can be a cleat through which the steel rope passes, which, after the rope is tensioned, is locked by the fixing means, for example, a clamp, to the rope.
• the pressing element when the steel rope is tensioned, exerts pressure on the arranged one on top of the other ends of the beams and compresses them to the level of elastic deformation of the wooden material from which the beam is made, thereby reducing the height of the wall by 0.5 % of the height before deformation. This is done in order to compensate for the usual drying shrinkage of the wooden elements over time (the decrease in the water content of the wood).
• the construction of a building is done by shaping the walls of the building made of connected construction modules according to the invention, by assembling them in a lego-type construction on top of each other parallel or perpendicular to each other, by couplings formed by coupling elements of the construction modules.
• a roof is placed on the building, for example, made of sheet metal tiles.
• the floor of the building is formed of, for example, plywood board, and it can also be formed of construction modules, according to the invention, one side of which is covered with plywood boards, so as to form a flat floor of the building. It is possible to form the floor and/or the roof of the building in another way known from the state of the art.

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Citations (4)

• 2024
  • 2024-06-21 EP EP24472010.8A patent/EP4667672A1/de active Pending

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