EP4705041A1 - Utilisation d'un premier matériau matriciel pour stabiliser l'orientation de fibres pendant et après un processus de recyclage - Google Patents

Utilisation d'un premier matériau matriciel pour stabiliser l'orientation de fibres pendant et après un processus de recyclage

Info

Publication number
EP4705041A1
EP4705041A1 EP24723499.0A EP24723499A EP4705041A1 EP 4705041 A1 EP4705041 A1 EP 4705041A1 EP 24723499 A EP24723499 A EP 24723499A EP 4705041 A1 EP4705041 A1 EP 4705041A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibers
matrix material
matrix
fiber composite
vol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP24723499.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christoph Hoffmeister
Florian Sayer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Faserinstitut Bremen eV
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Faserinstitut Bremen eV
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Faserinstitut Bremen eV, Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Faserinstitut Bremen eV
Publication of EP4705041A1 publication Critical patent/EP4705041A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/70—Chemical treatment, e.g. pH adjustment or oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
    • C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
    • C08J11/10—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
    • B09B2101/75—Plastic waste
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0293—Dissolving the materials in gases or liquids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of a first matrix material for stabilizing the orientation of fibers for fiber composite materials to one another, during and after a recycling process for fiber composite materials, wherein the fiber composite material comprises a plurality of fibers stabilized in their orientation to one another by means of the first matrix material and a second matrix material.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for recycling fiber composite components comprising the steps: a) providing a fiber composite, b) disintegrating the second matrix in the fiber composite without disintegrating the first matrix and c) removing the fibers stabilized to one another with the first matrix.
  • Examples of current processes for disintegrating the matrix are pyrolysis, solvolysis or the combustion of the matrix after a preceding mechanical comminution process (from sawing to grinding).
  • the remaining fibers are then used as short fiber reinforcement or filler, e.g. in the thermoplastics sector.
  • the production of yarns and technical textiles is technically possible, but very complex.
  • the aim of the present invention was therefore to provide a way of recovering the fibers of the fiber composite material in the best possible condition in a recycling process.
  • the fibers should be attacked as little as possible by the disintegration process of the fiber composite material and, in addition, the orientation of the fibers relative to one another should be preserved as far as possible.
  • the object described above is achieved by using a first matrix material for stabilizing the orientation of fibers, in particular for fiber composite materials, to one another during and after a recycling process for fiber composite materials, wherein the fiber composite material comprises a plurality of fibers stabilized in their orientation to one another by means of the first matrix material and a second matrix material.
  • a fibre composite material in the sense of this text is a multi-phase or mixed material consisting of two main components, namely the reinforcing fibres, which in turn are touched and/or surrounded by the first matrix material. and a connecting second matrix which forms the filler or connecting material between the fibres (which are in contact with the first matrix).
  • the second matrix thus fulfils two tasks: firstly, it fills the gaps between the fibres (including the first matrix) and secondly, it connects the fibres and/or the fibres enclosed by the first matrix through surface adhesion and their internal strength, cohesion.
  • a matrix in the sense of this text is a spatially extended area of largely homogeneous material composition within the fibre composite. Preferred matrix materials are described below.
  • “Stabilization of the orientation of fibers relative to one another” means that several fibers of the matrix material are fixed in their spatial orientation relative to one another.
  • the fibers stabilized relative to one another are preferably arranged as bundles of several parallel individual fibers.
  • the fibers of the individual bundles and preferably also the respective bundles relative to one another are stabilized in their orientation.
  • the first matrix material differs materially from the second matrix material.
  • the person skilled in the art selects the respective matrix materials with regard to the recycling process to be used.
  • the second matrix material is disintegrated, preferably dissolved, and the first matrix material is retained.
  • the fibers are connected to one another in lamellae by the first matrix material, wherein the lamellae preferably have a thickness of ⁇ 5 mm and a width of > 10 mm and/or are arranged with uni- or bidirectional fiber orientation to one another.
  • Disintegration in the sense of the present text preferably takes place by dissolution, but any other suitable chemical, physical or biological variant of disintegrating the lamellae in contact with the first matrix material is also possible in the sense of the invention. It is crucial that the second matrix material is sufficiently changed for the recycling process selected so that disintegration of the fiber material connected to the first matrix material is possible.
  • the expert will - taking into account the recycling process to be used - select the first matrix material and the second matrix material in such a way that, preferably after the disintegration process, the first matrix material is in a state (preferably unchanged) so that no significant damage to the fiber material and preferably also to the first matrix occurs during the integration process. The same applies to any subsequent cleaning process.
  • first matrix and fiber material is produced or can be produced in a pultrusion process.
  • the mutually stabilized fibers fill > 25 vol.%, preferably > 40 vol.%, more preferably > 55 vol.% and particularly preferably > 65 vol.% of the volume of the fiber composite material.
  • a use according to the invention is preferred, wherein the first matrix material or the second matrix material fills 5-99 vol.%, preferably 50-99 vol.%, more preferably 90-99 vol.%, based on the total volume minus the volume of the fiber composite material taken up by the fibers.
  • a use according to the invention is preferred, wherein the fibers are completely enclosed by the first matrix material compared to the second matrix material.
  • This preferred embodiment for the use according to the invention ensures that the fiber material is particularly well protected during the recycling process.
  • a use according to the invention is preferred, wherein the fibers are present as individual fibers, roving or textile semi-finished product such as a woven fabric or a scrim.
  • a roving in the sense of this text is a bundle of a large number of individual fibres (more than 100).
  • a textile semi-finished product in the sense of this text means that the fibers are aligned in at least two spatial directions rather than just one. This means that there are longitudinal and transverse connections and that these were produced in textile processes such as knitting, weaving, sewing or weaving.
  • a fabric within the meaning of this text is a textile fabric consisting of at least two thread systems (warp and weft threads) which, when viewed on the fabric surface, intersect at an angle of exactly or approximately 90°.
  • a scrim in the sense of this text is a fabric that consists of one or more layers of parallel, stretched threads.
  • the threads are usually fixed at the crossing points. Fixing is typically done by sewing.
  • suitable polymers can be used as matrix materials, e.g. thermosets, thermoplastics, elastomers or vitrimers.
  • a use according to the invention is preferred, wherein the basis of the first matrix material and/or the second matrix material is selected from the group consisting of vinyl esters, polyesters, epoxies, silicones, polyurethanes, polyolefins, polyetheretherketone, polyetherketoneketone, polyetherimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyamides, acrylates, rubber and rubber, and wherein the first matrix material differs from the second matrix material.
  • the first matrix is selected from the group of thermosets, in particular vinyl ester resins, polyester resins, epoxy resins, silicone resins and polyurethane resins or selected from the group of thermoplastics, in particular polypropylene, polyethylene, PEEK, PEKK, PEI, PPS, PA and TPU or selected from the group of elastomers, in particular silicones, polyurethanes, rubber and rubber.
  • thermosets in particular vinyl ester resins, polyester resins, epoxy resins, silicone resins and polyurethane resins
  • thermoplastics in particular polypropylene, polyethylene, PEEK, PEKK, PEI, PPS, PA and TPU
  • elastomers in particular silicones, polyurethanes, rubber and rubber.
  • the second matrix (which is to be disintegrated in the recycling process) is preferably selected from the group of thermosets, in particular vinyl ester resins, polyester resins, epoxy resins, silicone resins and polyurethane resins or selected from the group of thermoplastics, in particular polypropylene, polyethylene, PEEK, PEKK, PEI, PPS, PA and TPU or selected from the group of elastomers, in particular silicones, polyurethanes, rubber and rubber.
  • Matrix resins are preferably selected which differ significantly from the first matrix in terms of the disintegration conditions. Matrix resins which have been developed for targeted disintegration are particularly preferably used (e.g.
  • epoxy resins which use recycled amine as a hardener in particular Aditia-Bila resins (where slight acid and temperature can be used as drivers for the dissolution of the chemical bonds) or acrylates, in particular ELIUM resins from Arkema).
  • the fibers are selected from the group consisting of carbon fibers; glass fibers; basalt fibers; boron fibers; viscose fibers; polymer fibers, in particular aramid fibers, Dyneema fibers, polypropylene fibers and polyethylene fibers; natural fibers, in particular made of flax, hemp or cotton and metal fibers, in particular made of steel or aluminum.
  • the second aspect of the invention is a method for recycling fiber material components, comprising the steps of: a) providing a fiber composite material as defined above, b) disintegrating the second matrix without disintegrating the first matrix, and c) removing the fibers stabilized to one another with the first matrix. It is preferred that step b) is carried out using chemical, physical or biological disintegration, in particular by heating and/or using solvents, acids or bases or microorganisms.
  • step b) the person skilled in the art will design the method according to the invention in such a way that in step b) only the second matrix is disintegrated, without the first matrix being attacked in such a way that the fiber components of the fiber composite suffer or lose their orientation. Taking into account the disintegration process to be used, suitable material combinations for the first matrix and the second matrix are easily accessible to the person skilled in the art.
  • the advantage of the method according to the invention and the use according to the invention is that after the end of use of the fiber composite material or the component formed from it, the individual fiber composites can be removed from the structural component again without damage, preferably in the form of lamellae, and separated.
  • the recovered fibers, whose orientation relative to one another has been stabilized, can be subjected to suitable test procedures and then reused in equivalent applications as before.
  • Fiber composites for the use according to the invention or the method according to the invention can be produced using different manufacturing processes. Infusion processes, fiber patch processes and 3D printing processes are preferred.
  • the fibers to be used according to the invention can form semi-finished products together with the first matrix. These can also be produced in different manufacturing processes, whereby the process selection depends, among other things, on the planned component geometry, the experience of the manufacturer, the selected fiber material and the selected matrix system for the first matrix. For many applications, the production of a semi-finished product to be used preferably according to the invention by pultrusion is particularly preferred in this context. This allows semi-finished products with high fiber volume contents and high fiber stretch to be produced.
  • Alternative preferred manufacturing processes for the preferred semi-finished products to be used according to the invention are vacuum infusion and RTM processes.
  • Rotor blade belt Many of the load-bearing belts of rotor blades are now made of unidirectional pultruded materials. These are often laid down in a mold and then a vacuum infusion process.
  • the production of bi-matrix laminates (fiber composite materials to be used according to the invention) is possible using different processes.
  • a traditional thermosetting epoxy matrix system is used for pultrusion (together with the fibers) and a recyclable epoxy matrix system (e.g. Recyclamin system from Aditia Bila, ELIUM system from Arkema or Vitrimer) is used as the infusion system.
  • Recyclamin system from Aditia Bila
  • ELIUM system from Arkema or Vitrimer
  • the combination of thermosetting pultrusion systems with thermoplastic systems is also possible.
  • Bicycle saddle Components with a higher level of complexity in terms of laminate structure and/or geometry must be manufactured with thinner and possibly shorter (fiber) lamellae than rotor blade belts.
  • fiber patch process can be used. In this process, tape strips (thin lamellae) are laid down in a type of stamping process. The patches can be laid down on a mold and correspondingly complex geometries such as a bicycle saddle can be laid down. The joining material is applied or activated to the lamella shortly before application.
  • the joining material should consolidate quickly in order to keep the cycle time in the patch process short.
  • a thermosetting matrix system in the consolidated slats and a removable adhesive (either removable thermosetting or thermoplastic systems)
  • the slats can be separated again after the usage phase.
  • Component made from pultruded composite lamellae using chemically resistant epoxy matrix (first matrix material) and recycled amine as joining material (second matrix material) a) General cleaning of the used component and removal of attachments if necessary b) Place component in bath with slightly acidic solution. Heat the bath to approx.
  • the semi-finished products can be recovered from the component in a recycling process. If a second matrix based on recycled amine is used, for example, storing the component in a mild acid at 80 °C for 2 hours can achieve sufficient degradation of the second matrix and the semi-finished products can be separated from one another with the first matrix without damage.
  • the storage conditions must be adapted to the specific component and the specific semi-finished products.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne l'utilisation d'un premier matériau matriciel pour stabiliser l'orientation mutuelle de fibres pour des matériaux composites fibreux, pendant et après un processus de recyclage pour des matériaux composites fibreux, le matériau composite fibreux comprenant une pluralité de fibres qui ont été stabilisées par rapport à leur orientation mutuelle au moyen du premier matériau matriciel et d'un second matériau matriciel.
EP24723499.0A 2023-05-02 2024-04-30 Utilisation d'un premier matériau matriciel pour stabiliser l'orientation de fibres pendant et après un processus de recyclage Pending EP4705041A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102023111310.0A DE102023111310A1 (de) 2023-05-02 2023-05-02 Verwendung eines ersten Matrixmaterials zur Stabilisierung der Orientierung von Fasern während und nach einem Recyclingverfahren
PCT/EP2024/061850 WO2024227760A1 (fr) 2023-05-02 2024-04-30 Utilisation d'un premier matériau matriciel pour stabiliser l'orientation de fibres pendant et après un processus de recyclage

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4705041A1 true EP4705041A1 (fr) 2026-03-11

Family

ID=90971352

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP24723499.0A Pending EP4705041A1 (fr) 2023-05-02 2024-04-30 Utilisation d'un premier matériau matriciel pour stabiliser l'orientation de fibres pendant et après un processus de recyclage

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4705041A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102023111310A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2024227760A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8863809B2 (en) * 2011-11-14 2014-10-21 The Boeing Company Methods and systems for recycling of laminated materials
DE102017216685B4 (de) * 2017-09-20 2021-04-01 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren und Anlage zur Rückgewinnung von Kohlenstofffasern aus mindestens einem Faserverbundwerkstoff
CN114589932B (zh) 2022-03-28 2024-11-22 湖州守真新材料科技有限公司 复合材料体、浸渍设备、及成型设备和方法、型材
WO2024125743A1 (fr) * 2022-12-13 2024-06-20 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Traitement de pale d'éolienne

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102023111310A1 (de) 2024-11-07
WO2024227760A1 (fr) 2024-11-07

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