ES2047675T3 - Metodo de controlar la operacion de giro de un mecanismo de giro y un sistema de control hidraulico para llevar a cabo el mismo. - Google Patents

Metodo de controlar la operacion de giro de un mecanismo de giro y un sistema de control hidraulico para llevar a cabo el mismo.

Info

Publication number
ES2047675T3
ES2047675T3 ES89307594T ES89307594T ES2047675T3 ES 2047675 T3 ES2047675 T3 ES 2047675T3 ES 89307594 T ES89307594 T ES 89307594T ES 89307594 T ES89307594 T ES 89307594T ES 2047675 T3 ES2047675 T3 ES 2047675T3
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
hydraulic motor
pressure
valve
rotating
discharge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
ES89307594T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hideaki Yoshimatsu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kobe Steel Ltd
Original Assignee
Kobe Steel Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kobe Steel Ltd filed Critical Kobe Steel Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2047675T3 publication Critical patent/ES2047675T3/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/08Superstructures; Supports for superstructures
    • E02F9/10Supports for movable superstructures mounted on travelling or walking gears or on other superstructures
    • E02F9/12Slewing or traversing gears
    • E02F9/121Turntables, i.e. structure rotatable about 360°
    • E02F9/123Drives or control devices specially adapted therefor
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/08Superstructures; Supports for superstructures
    • E02F9/10Supports for movable superstructures mounted on travelling or walking gears or on other superstructures
    • E02F9/12Slewing or traversing gears
    • E02F9/121Turntables, i.e. structure rotatable about 360°
    • E02F9/128Braking systems
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2278Hydraulic circuits
    • E02F9/2285Pilot-operated systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F15B11/04Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed
    • F15B11/044Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed by means in the return line, i.e. "meter out"
    • F15B11/0445Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed by means in the return line, i.e. "meter out" with counterbalance valves, e.g. to prevent overrunning or for braking
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/305Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/30505Non-return valves, i.e. check valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/305Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/3056Assemblies of multiple valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/31Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element
    • F15B2211/3105Neutral or centre positions
    • F15B2211/3116Neutral or centre positions the pump port being open in the centre position, e.g. so-called open centre
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/31Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element
    • F15B2211/3144Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element the positions being continuously variable, e.g. as realised by proportional valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/32Directional control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/329Directional control characterised by the type of actuation actuated by fluid pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40Flow control
    • F15B2211/405Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve
    • F15B2211/40507Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve with constant throttles or orifices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40Flow control
    • F15B2211/405Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve
    • F15B2211/40576Assemblies of multiple valves
    • F15B2211/40584Assemblies of multiple valves the flow control means arranged in parallel with a check valve
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40Flow control
    • F15B2211/455Control of flow in the feed line, i.e. meter-in control
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40Flow control
    • F15B2211/47Flow control in one direction only
    • F15B2211/473Flow control in one direction only without restriction in the reverse direction
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50Pressure control
    • F15B2211/505Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50509Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50518Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means using pressure relief valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50Pressure control
    • F15B2211/505Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50509Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50536Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means using unloading valves controlling the supply pressure by diverting fluid to the return line
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50Pressure control
    • F15B2211/575Pilot pressure control
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/635Circuits providing pilot pressure to pilot pressure-controlled fluid circuit elements
    • F15B2211/6355Circuits providing pilot pressure to pilot pressure-controlled fluid circuit elements having valve means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7058Rotary output members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/38Control of exclusively fluid gearing
    • F16H61/40Control of exclusively fluid gearing hydrostatic
    • F16H61/4061Control related to directional control valves, e.g. change-over valves, for crossing the feeding conduits

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

SE PRESENTA UN METODO PARA CONTROLAR EL FUNCIONAMIENTO GIRATORIO DE UN MECANISMO GIRATORIO PARA HACER GIRAR LA SUPERESTRUCTURA GIRATORIA DE UNA RETROEXCAVADORA HIDRAULICA O SIMILAR. EL METODO COMPRENDE LA COLOCACION DE UNA VALVULA SELECTORA DEL MODO DE GIRO (2) EN UNA POSICION MOTRIZ PARA SUMINISTRAR UN FLUIDO DESCARGADO DE LA BOMBA HIDRAULICA (1) A TRAVES DE UNA LINEA DE SUMINISTRO Y DESCARGA HASTA UN MOTOR HIDRAULICO (3) PARA MOVER EL MOTOR HIDRAULICO EN UNA OPERACION DE MOVIMIENTO, AJUSTANDO UNA DE UN PAR DE VALVULAS (4A, 4B) PROVISTAS ENTRE LA VALVULA SELECTORA DEL MODO DE GIRO Y EL MOTOR HIDRAULICO, ASOCIADAS CON LA PIEZA LATERAL DEL SUMINISTRO DEL MOTRO HIDRAULICO PARA FUNCIONAR A UNA PRESION MAYOR QUE LA PRESION DE LA VALVULA PRINCIPAL (12) LIMITANDO LA PRESION EN LAS LINEAS DE SUMINISTRO Y DESCARGA HASTA LA PRESION DE LA VALVULA PRINCIPAL MIENTRAS QUE EL MOTOR HIDRAULICO FUNCIONA EN MODO DE MOVIMIENTO, Y AJUSTANDO LA OTRA VALVULA ASOCIADA CON LA PIEZA LATERAL DE DESCARGA DEL MOTOR HIDRAULICO A UNA PRESION INFERIOR QUE LA PRESION DE LA VALVULA PRINCIPAL PARA LIMITAR LA PRESION EN LA LINEA DE SUMINISTRO Y DESCARGA ASOCIADA CON LA PIEZA LATERAL DE DESCARGA DEL MOTOR HIDRAULICO PARA AJUSTAR LA PRESION DE LA OTRA VALVULA MIENTRAS EL MOTRO HIDRAULICO FUNCIONA EN MODO DE FRENADO. ESTE METODO FRENA EL MECANISMO GIRATORIO SUAVEMENTE PARA EVITAR EL DESGASTE RAPIDO DE LAS SUPERFICIES DE FRENADO DE LOS COMPONENTES DEL MECANISMO DE GIRO.
ES89307594T 1989-07-26 1989-07-26 Metodo de controlar la operacion de giro de un mecanismo de giro y un sistema de control hidraulico para llevar a cabo el mismo. Expired - Lifetime ES2047675T3 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP89307594A EP0410053B1 (en) 1989-07-26 1989-07-26 Method of controlling the slewing operation of a slewing mechanism and a hydraulic control system for carrying out the same

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES2047675T3 true ES2047675T3 (es) 1994-03-01

Family

ID=8202743

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ES89307594T Expired - Lifetime ES2047675T3 (es) 1989-07-26 1989-07-26 Metodo de controlar la operacion de giro de un mecanismo de giro y un sistema de control hidraulico para llevar a cabo el mismo.

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5063742A (es)
EP (1) EP0410053B1 (es)
DE (1) DE68910517T2 (es)
ES (1) ES2047675T3 (es)

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US5285643A (en) * 1990-04-02 1994-02-15 Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. Hydraulic drive system for civil-engineering and construction machine
JP2600009B2 (ja) * 1990-04-25 1997-04-16 株式会社神戸製鋼所 クレーンの旋回制御装置
JPH07110759B2 (ja) * 1990-10-18 1995-11-29 株式会社神戸製鋼所 建設機械における上部旋回体の旋回停止制御方法および装置
GB2267328B (en) * 1992-05-22 1995-06-14 Linde Ag Hydrostatic drive system
DE4235709A1 (de) * 1992-10-22 1994-04-28 Linde Ag Hydrostatisches Antriebssystem
DE4235707B4 (de) * 1992-10-22 2007-10-18 Linde Material Handling Gmbh Hydrostatisches Antriebssystem
JPH06173299A (ja) * 1992-12-02 1994-06-21 Komatsu Ltd 建設機械の旋回油圧回路
JP3528981B2 (ja) * 1994-08-30 2004-05-24 株式会社小松製作所 油圧ショベルのブームシリンダ用油圧回路
US5499503A (en) * 1994-09-22 1996-03-19 Iowa Mold Tooling Company, Inc. Hydraulic swing circuit
KR960023541A (ko) * 1994-12-08 1996-07-20 안자키 사토루 유압 액츄에이터의 반전방지장치
WO1997013929A1 (en) * 1995-10-09 1997-04-17 Shin Caterpillar Mitsubishi Ltd. Control system for construction machine
JPH09317879A (ja) * 1996-05-27 1997-12-12 Komatsu Ltd 油圧駆動装置の背圧制御回路
JPH10220405A (ja) * 1997-02-07 1998-08-21 Teijin Seiki Co Ltd リリーフ機構およびリリーフ機構付き流体回路
US6260357B1 (en) 1998-11-30 2001-07-17 Caterpillar Inc. Quick coupler control system
US20030121258A1 (en) * 2001-12-28 2003-07-03 Kazunori Yoshino Hydraulic control system for reducing motor cavitation
JP4096900B2 (ja) * 2004-03-17 2008-06-04 コベルコ建機株式会社 作業機械の油圧制御回路
DE102006040459B4 (de) * 2005-09-07 2012-12-13 Terex Demag Gmbh Hydrauliksteuerkreis
DE102005053265B4 (de) * 2005-11-08 2020-07-09 Linde Hydraulics Gmbh & Co. Kg Hydrostatisches Antriebssystem
JP4839390B2 (ja) * 2009-04-17 2011-12-21 株式会社神戸製鋼所 旋回式作業機械の旋回停止制御装置および方法
JP5480529B2 (ja) * 2009-04-17 2014-04-23 株式会社神戸製鋼所 旋回式作業機械の制動制御装置
CN103547741B (zh) * 2011-05-02 2015-10-07 神钢建设机械株式会社 回转式工程机械
US8528684B2 (en) * 2011-11-30 2013-09-10 Deere & Company Charge pressure reduction circuit for improved transmission efficiency
JP5872363B2 (ja) * 2012-03-30 2016-03-01 住友建機株式会社 旋回制御装置
JP6115121B2 (ja) * 2012-12-26 2017-04-19 コベルコ建機株式会社 旋回制御装置及びこれを備えた建設機械
KR101471288B1 (ko) * 2013-05-06 2014-12-09 현대중공업 주식회사 선회밀림방지장치를 구비한 굴삭기 선회장치
WO2015134484A1 (en) 2014-03-04 2015-09-11 Manitowoc Crane Companies, Inc. Electronically controlled hydraulic swing system
KR102128630B1 (ko) * 2014-03-24 2020-06-30 두산인프라코어 주식회사 유압시스템에서 스윙 모터의 제어방법 및 유압시스템
DE102014011073B3 (de) * 2014-07-30 2015-11-12 Danfoss Power Solutions Gmbh & Co. Ohg 1Motordrehzahlbegrenzungsvorrichtung
CN104358285B (zh) * 2014-10-30 2016-08-17 华侨大学 基于双马达和液压蓄能器的挖掘机的节能型转台驱动系统
JP6803194B2 (ja) * 2016-10-25 2020-12-23 川崎重工業株式会社 建設機械の油圧駆動システム
EP3535458B1 (en) 2016-11-02 2023-07-12 Clark Equipment Company System and method for defining a zone of operation for a lift arm
CN112499707A (zh) * 2020-12-09 2021-03-16 无锡市政设计研究院有限公司 一种自流进水加药控制系统
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JP2582266B2 (ja) * 1987-09-29 1997-02-19 新キヤタピラー三菱株式会社 流体圧制御システム

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0410053B1 (en) 1993-11-03
DE68910517T2 (de) 1994-03-17
DE68910517D1 (de) 1993-12-09
EP0410053A1 (en) 1991-01-30
US5063742A (en) 1991-11-12

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