ES2064330T3 - Metodo y aparato para el control de descongelacion bajo demanda. - Google Patents
Metodo y aparato para el control de descongelacion bajo demanda.Info
- Publication number
- ES2064330T3 ES2064330T3 ES88110865T ES88110865T ES2064330T3 ES 2064330 T3 ES2064330 T3 ES 2064330T3 ES 88110865 T ES88110865 T ES 88110865T ES 88110865 T ES88110865 T ES 88110865T ES 2064330 T3 ES2064330 T3 ES 2064330T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- controller
- external
- coil
- pump
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-MDEJGZGSSA-N reserpine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]2C[C@@H]3C4=C(C5=CC=C(OC)C=C5N4)CCN3C[C@H]2C1)C(=O)OC)OC)C(=O)C1=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-MDEJGZGSSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
- F25D21/002—Defroster control
- F25D21/006—Defroster control with electronic control circuits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
- F25B2313/0315—Temperature sensors near the outdoor heat exchanger
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2106—Temperatures of fresh outdoor air
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
- Defrosting Systems (AREA)
Abstract
CONTROLADOR DE PETICION DE DESCONGELACION (30) DE UNA BOMBA DE CALOR (10). EL CONTROLADOR (30) COMPARA LA TEMPERATURA DE UN SERPENTIN EXTERIOR DE INTERCAMBIO DE CALOR (14) CON LA TEMPERATURA DE ACTIVACION. CUANDO LA TEMPERATURA DEL SERPENTIN ES MENOR QUE LA TEMPERATURA DE ACTIVACION, SE PONE EN FUNCIONAMIENTO UN TEMPORIZADOR. CUANDO ESTE DETECTA QUE EL COMPRESOR (20) ESTA FUNCIONANDO DURANTE UN PERIODO DE TIEMPO PREDETERMINADO, EL CONTROLADOR (30) COMPRUEBA LAS TEMPERATURAS EXTERIOR Y DEL SERPENTIN PARA DETERMINAR SI DEBE LLEVARSE A CABO UN CICLO DE DESESCARCHADO DE LA BOMBA DE CALOR (10). EL CICLO SE EFECTUA INVIRTIENDO LA CIRCULACION DE REFRIGERACION EN EL SISTEMA DE LA BOMBA DURANTE UN PERIODO PREDETERMINADO O HASTA QUE EL SERPENTIN DE INTERCAMBIO DE CALOR (14) EXTERIOR HA ALCANZADO UNA DETERMINADA TEMPERATURA.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/074,907 US4882908A (en) | 1987-07-17 | 1987-07-17 | Demand defrost control method and apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2064330T3 true ES2064330T3 (es) | 1995-02-01 |
Family
ID=22122366
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES88110865T Expired - Lifetime ES2064330T3 (es) | 1987-07-17 | 1988-07-07 | Metodo y aparato para el control de descongelacion bajo demanda. |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4882908A (es) |
| EP (1) | EP0299361B1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JPS6463744A (es) |
| KR (1) | KR890002622A (es) |
| CA (1) | CA1325253C (es) |
| DE (1) | DE3852524T2 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2064330T3 (es) |
| MX (1) | MX173557B (es) |
Families Citing this family (88)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4881057A (en) * | 1987-09-28 | 1989-11-14 | Ranco Incorporated | Temperature sensing apparatus and method of making same |
| JPH0336474A (ja) * | 1989-07-03 | 1991-02-18 | Toshiba Corp | 空気調和機 |
| US5295364A (en) * | 1991-01-15 | 1994-03-22 | Thermo King Corporation | Refrigeration pull-down technique |
| AU1022092A (en) * | 1991-01-15 | 1992-07-23 | Honeywell Inc. | Refrigeration pull down technique |
| US5257506A (en) * | 1991-03-22 | 1993-11-02 | Carrier Corporation | Defrost control |
| US5438844A (en) * | 1992-07-01 | 1995-08-08 | Gas Research Institute | Microprocessor-based controller |
| US5319943A (en) * | 1993-01-25 | 1994-06-14 | Copeland Corporation | Frost/defrost control system for heat pump |
| US5440890A (en) * | 1993-12-10 | 1995-08-15 | Copeland Corporation | Blocked fan detection system for heat pump |
| US5707151A (en) * | 1994-01-13 | 1998-01-13 | Ranco Incorporated Of Delaware | Temperature transducer assembly |
| US5454641A (en) * | 1994-01-13 | 1995-10-03 | Ranco Incorporated Of Delaware | Temperature transducer assembly |
| US5515689A (en) * | 1994-03-30 | 1996-05-14 | Gas Research Institute | Defrosting heat pumps |
| US5507154A (en) * | 1994-07-01 | 1996-04-16 | Ranco Incorporated Of Delaware | Self-calibrating defrost controller |
| JPH0820239A (ja) * | 1994-07-06 | 1996-01-23 | Sanden Corp | 電気自動車用エアコン装置における除霜運転制御装置 |
| JPH09178328A (ja) * | 1995-12-28 | 1997-07-11 | Ishizuka Denshi Kk | 着霜検知装置 |
| US5727395A (en) * | 1997-02-14 | 1998-03-17 | Carrier Corporation | Defrost control for heat pump |
| US5970726A (en) * | 1997-04-08 | 1999-10-26 | Heatcraft Inc. | Defrost control for space cooling system |
| EP0893663B1 (en) * | 1997-07-22 | 2002-09-25 | AERMEC S.p.A. | A method for controlling the defrosting cycles in a heat-pump system |
| EP0904963A3 (en) * | 1997-09-26 | 2001-10-31 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Air conditioning system for a motor vehicle |
| US5927083A (en) * | 1998-03-09 | 1999-07-27 | Carrier Corporation | Compressor cycle dependent defrost control |
| US6334321B1 (en) * | 2000-03-15 | 2002-01-01 | Carrier Corporation | Method and system for defrost control on reversible heat pumps |
| JP4465903B2 (ja) * | 2000-04-28 | 2010-05-26 | 株式会社デンソー | 車両用空調装置 |
| US6467282B1 (en) | 2000-09-27 | 2002-10-22 | Patrick D. French | Frost sensor for use in defrost controls for refrigeration |
| US6318095B1 (en) * | 2000-10-06 | 2001-11-20 | Carrier Corporation | Method and system for demand defrost control on reversible heat pumps |
| US6604577B2 (en) | 2000-12-05 | 2003-08-12 | Eric P. Mulder | Geothermal heat pump cleaning control system and method |
| US6575233B1 (en) * | 2001-01-25 | 2003-06-10 | Mark J. Krumnow | Combination radiant and forced air climate control system |
| US6349550B1 (en) * | 2001-06-25 | 2002-02-26 | General Electric Company | Ice transformation detection |
| RU2217833C1 (ru) * | 2002-03-29 | 2003-11-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-внедренческая фирма "Авторские технологии" | Система оттаивания, в частности, морозильника |
| US7004246B2 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2006-02-28 | York International Corporation | Air-to-air heat pump defrost bypass loop |
| KR100484802B1 (ko) * | 2002-07-03 | 2005-04-22 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 두 개의 압축기를 구비한 공기조화기의 제상운전방법 |
| CN101713397B (zh) | 2003-12-30 | 2014-07-09 | 艾默生环境优化技术有限公司 | 压缩机保护和诊断系统 |
| US7412842B2 (en) | 2004-04-27 | 2008-08-19 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Compressor diagnostic and protection system |
| KR20050105029A (ko) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-03 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 공기조화기의 제상운전방법 |
| US7275377B2 (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2007-10-02 | Lawrence Kates | Method and apparatus for monitoring refrigerant-cycle systems |
| US7234311B2 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2007-06-26 | Carrier Corporation | Prevention of compressor unpowered reverse rotation in heat pump units |
| US8590325B2 (en) | 2006-07-19 | 2013-11-26 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Protection and diagnostic module for a refrigeration system |
| US20080216494A1 (en) | 2006-09-07 | 2008-09-11 | Pham Hung M | Compressor data module |
| US20090037142A1 (en) | 2007-07-30 | 2009-02-05 | Lawrence Kates | Portable method and apparatus for monitoring refrigerant-cycle systems |
| US8393169B2 (en) | 2007-09-19 | 2013-03-12 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Refrigeration monitoring system and method |
| US9140728B2 (en) | 2007-11-02 | 2015-09-22 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Compressor sensor module |
| US8160827B2 (en) | 2007-11-02 | 2012-04-17 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Compressor sensor module |
| CN101713141B (zh) * | 2008-09-30 | 2011-12-07 | 三洋电机株式会社 | 热泵式干燥机 |
| US8327658B2 (en) * | 2008-11-17 | 2012-12-11 | Trane International, Inc. | System and method for oil return in an HVAC system |
| US8091372B1 (en) * | 2009-03-11 | 2012-01-10 | Mark Ekern | Heat pump defrost system |
| KR101605901B1 (ko) * | 2009-09-11 | 2016-03-23 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 공기 조화기 및 그 제어방법 |
| DE102010009776B4 (de) | 2010-03-01 | 2014-01-02 | Rittal Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Regeln eines in oder an einem Schaltschrank angebrachten Kühlgerätes |
| US9151486B2 (en) * | 2010-04-12 | 2015-10-06 | Drexel University | Heat pump water heater |
| TWM410115U (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2011-08-21 | Adda Corp | Rotation speed control circuit for fan |
| EP2681497A4 (en) | 2011-02-28 | 2017-05-31 | Emerson Electric Co. | Residential solutions hvac monitoring and diagnosis |
| CN102519186B (zh) * | 2011-12-21 | 2014-08-06 | 青岛海尔空调电子有限公司 | 空调风冷热泵机组的除霜方法、空调风冷热泵机组 |
| US8964338B2 (en) | 2012-01-11 | 2015-02-24 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | System and method for compressor motor protection |
| FR2991441B1 (fr) * | 2012-06-04 | 2014-06-20 | Mobile Comfort Holding | Procede de detection de givrage d'un echangeur evaporateur air/fluide frigorigene base sur l'augmentation de la consommation electrique |
| US9480177B2 (en) | 2012-07-27 | 2016-10-25 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Compressor protection module |
| US9310439B2 (en) | 2012-09-25 | 2016-04-12 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Compressor having a control and diagnostic module |
| EP2717002B1 (de) * | 2012-10-08 | 2019-01-02 | Emerson Climate Technologies GmbH | Verfahren zum Bestimmen von Abtauzeitpunkten |
| US9803902B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-10-31 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | System for refrigerant charge verification using two condenser coil temperatures |
| US9551504B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-01-24 | Emerson Electric Co. | HVAC system remote monitoring and diagnosis |
| WO2014144446A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Emerson Electric Co. | Hvac system remote monitoring and diagnosis |
| CA2908362C (en) | 2013-04-05 | 2018-01-16 | Fadi M. Alsaleem | Heat-pump system with refrigerant charge diagnostics |
| JP5842970B2 (ja) * | 2013-10-29 | 2016-01-13 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
| US9933200B2 (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2018-04-03 | Lennox Industries Inc. | Defrost operation management |
| GB201320977D0 (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2014-01-15 | Elstat Electronics Ltd | Heat exchanger fault diagnostic |
| US9964345B2 (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2018-05-08 | Emerson Electric Co. | Heat pump controller with user-selectable defrost modes and reversing valve energizing modes |
| US9412328B2 (en) | 2013-12-26 | 2016-08-09 | Emerson Electric Co. | HVAC controls or controllers including alphanumeric displays |
| JP6249932B2 (ja) * | 2014-12-04 | 2017-12-20 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空調システム |
| US10591173B2 (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2020-03-17 | Trane International Inc. | Defrost learning algorithm based on time of defrost state operation |
| EP3344933A1 (en) | 2015-09-04 | 2018-07-11 | Ingersoll-Rand International Limited (Irland) | Control method for defrosting the outdoor coil of a heat pump machine |
| US20180031266A1 (en) | 2016-07-27 | 2018-02-01 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Interactive outdoor display |
| US10571174B2 (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2020-02-25 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Systems and methods for defrost control |
| DE102016013412A1 (de) * | 2016-11-10 | 2018-05-17 | Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Kontaktsystem und Kontaktmodul |
| CN107091548A (zh) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-08-25 | 天津大学 | 一种空气源热泵除霜控制系统及方法 |
| CN109869954B (zh) * | 2017-12-05 | 2022-06-17 | 青岛经济技术开发区海尔热水器有限公司 | 空气源热泵热水器及其除霜方法 |
| US11493260B1 (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2022-11-08 | Thermo Fisher Scientific (Asheville) Llc | Freezers and operating methods using adaptive defrost |
| CN110749096B (zh) * | 2018-07-23 | 2022-07-19 | 青岛海尔新能源电器有限公司 | 一种自清洁方法及热泵热水器 |
| CN109405184A (zh) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-03-01 | 宁波奥克斯电气股份有限公司 | 一种空调器除霜控制方法及空调器 |
| CA3124587C (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2023-07-04 | Hefei Midea Heating & Ventilating Equipment Co., Ltd. | Air conditioner, and control method and device for heating system thereof |
| US11493221B2 (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2022-11-08 | Johnson Controls Tyco IP Holdings LLP | Alternative defrost mode of HVAC system |
| EP3862274B1 (en) | 2020-02-07 | 2023-04-19 | Goodrich Actuation Systems Limited | Anti-icing and de-icing heated lock pin system |
| CN111561760A (zh) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-21 | 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 | 空调系统的控制方法、空调系统和计算机存储介质 |
| CN111457629B (zh) * | 2020-05-22 | 2023-12-01 | 北京工业大学 | 一种基于图像识别测霜的模块化空气源热泵机组群除霜控制系统及方法 |
| CN112197489B (zh) * | 2020-07-17 | 2022-04-22 | Tcl家用电器(合肥)有限公司 | 蒸发器除霜方法、装置、冰箱、计算机设备和存储介质 |
| CN113503621B (zh) * | 2021-07-21 | 2022-05-27 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 空调化霜控制方法、空调及计算机可读存储介质 |
| CN116007228A (zh) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-04-25 | 中山市爱美泰电器有限公司 | 一种热泵系统检测定速风机失效的控制方法 |
| CN115654777B (zh) * | 2022-11-09 | 2023-12-15 | 南京天加环境科技有限公司 | 一种除霜控制方法、装置及热泵机组 |
| CN115950054B (zh) * | 2022-12-07 | 2025-04-29 | 小米科技(武汉)有限公司 | 空调化霜控制方法、装置、空调器和介质 |
| CN116772443A (zh) * | 2023-02-23 | 2023-09-19 | 青岛海尔空调电子有限公司 | 复叠式热泵系统及其除霜控制方法 |
| CN116558079B (zh) * | 2023-05-31 | 2026-03-27 | 小米科技(武汉)有限公司 | 空调除霜控制方法、装置、空调和存储介质 |
| CN116608543B (zh) * | 2023-06-19 | 2025-02-21 | 珠海三友环境技术有限公司 | 热泵空调系统挡风控制方法、装置、设备及存储介质 |
| CN116907140A (zh) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-10-20 | 北京工业大学 | 一种基于室外温度自动调整温差的热泵除霜启动控制方法 |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3992895A (en) * | 1975-07-07 | 1976-11-23 | Kramer Daniel E | Defrost controls for refrigeration systems |
| US4246956A (en) * | 1978-08-31 | 1981-01-27 | Carrier Corporation | Control scheme for a solar assisted heat pump |
| US4209994A (en) * | 1978-10-24 | 1980-07-01 | Honeywell Inc. | Heat pump system defrost control |
| US4299095A (en) * | 1979-08-13 | 1981-11-10 | Robertshaw Controls Company | Defrost system |
| US4302947A (en) * | 1980-01-04 | 1981-12-01 | Honeywell Inc. | Heat pump system defrost control |
| US4417452A (en) * | 1980-01-04 | 1983-11-29 | Honeywell Inc. | Heat pump system defrost control |
| US4389851A (en) * | 1980-01-17 | 1983-06-28 | Carrier Corporation | Method for defrosting a heat exchanger of a refrigeration circuit |
| US4406133A (en) * | 1980-02-21 | 1983-09-27 | The Trane Company | Control and method for defrosting a heat pump outdoor heat exchanger |
| US4346755A (en) * | 1980-05-21 | 1982-08-31 | General Electric Company | Two stage control circuit for reversible air cycle heat pump |
| US4327557A (en) * | 1980-05-30 | 1982-05-04 | Whirlpool Corporation | Adaptive defrost control system |
| US4297852A (en) * | 1980-07-17 | 1981-11-03 | General Electric Company | Refrigerator defrost control with control of time interval between defrost cycles |
| US4328680A (en) * | 1980-10-14 | 1982-05-11 | General Electric Company | Heat pump defrost control apparatus |
| US4347709A (en) * | 1981-01-19 | 1982-09-07 | Honeywell Inc. | Demand defrost sensor |
| DE3227604A1 (de) * | 1981-07-29 | 1983-02-24 | Olsberg Gesellschaft für Produktion und Absatz mbH, 5790 Brilon | Automatische abtauregelvorrichtung fuer waermepumpen-verdampfer |
| US4481786A (en) * | 1982-06-04 | 1984-11-13 | Whirlpool Corporation | Electronic control for a domestic appliance |
| DE3333907A1 (de) * | 1983-09-20 | 1985-04-04 | M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8000 München | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur abtauregelung von waermepumpen |
| US4563877A (en) * | 1984-06-12 | 1986-01-14 | Borg-Warner Corporation | Control system and method for defrosting the outdoor coil of a heat pump |
| US4627245A (en) * | 1985-02-08 | 1986-12-09 | Honeywell Inc. | De-icing thermostat for air conditioners |
| US4590771A (en) * | 1985-05-22 | 1986-05-27 | Borg-Warner Corporation | Control system for defrosting the outdoor coil of a heat pump |
| US4662184A (en) * | 1986-01-06 | 1987-05-05 | General Electric Company | Single-sensor head pump defrost control system |
-
1987
- 1987-07-17 US US07/074,907 patent/US4882908A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1988
- 1988-07-07 ES ES88110865T patent/ES2064330T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-07-07 DE DE3852524T patent/DE3852524T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-07-07 EP EP88110865A patent/EP0299361B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-07-15 MX MX012287A patent/MX173557B/es unknown
- 1988-07-16 KR KR1019880008878A patent/KR890002622A/ko not_active Ceased
- 1988-07-18 JP JP63178924A patent/JPS6463744A/ja active Pending
- 1988-07-18 CA CA000572304A patent/CA1325253C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3852524D1 (de) | 1995-02-02 |
| EP0299361B1 (en) | 1994-12-21 |
| DE3852524T2 (de) | 1995-05-24 |
| MX173557B (es) | 1994-03-16 |
| US4882908A (en) | 1989-11-28 |
| EP0299361A3 (en) | 1991-07-03 |
| EP0299361A2 (en) | 1989-01-18 |
| CA1325253C (en) | 1993-12-14 |
| JPS6463744A (en) | 1989-03-09 |
| KR890002622A (ko) | 1989-04-11 |
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