ES2120412T3 - Catalizadores de oxido de alquileno que tienen actividad y/o estabilidad mejoradas. - Google Patents
Catalizadores de oxido de alquileno que tienen actividad y/o estabilidad mejoradas.Info
- Publication number
- ES2120412T3 ES2120412T3 ES91202653T ES91202653T ES2120412T3 ES 2120412 T3 ES2120412 T3 ES 2120412T3 ES 91202653 T ES91202653 T ES 91202653T ES 91202653 T ES91202653 T ES 91202653T ES 2120412 T3 ES2120412 T3 ES 2120412T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- alkylene oxide
- stability
- improved activity
- oxide catalysts
- catalysts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006735 epoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D301/00—Preparation of oxiranes
- C07D301/02—Synthesis of the oxirane ring
- C07D301/03—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds
- C07D301/04—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen
- C07D301/08—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase
- C07D301/10—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase with catalysts containing silver or gold
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/66—Silver or gold
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8913—Cobalt and noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/06—Washing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Epoxy Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
CATALIZADORES PARA LA PRODUCCION DE OXIDO DE ALQUILENO MEDIANTE LA EPOXIDACION DE ALQUILENO CON OXIGENO QUE COMPRENDEN UN SOPORTE CONTENIENDO PLATA, Y UNA CANTIDAD SUFICIENTE DE UN COMPONENTE DE COBALTO PARA REALZAR POR LO MENOS UNA ACTIVIDAD Y/O EFICACIA Y/O ESTABILIDAD COMPARADO CON UN CATALIZADOR SIMILAR QUE NO CONTIENE UN COMPONENTE DE COBALTO.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US59624190A | 1990-10-12 | 1990-10-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2120412T3 true ES2120412T3 (es) | 1998-11-01 |
Family
ID=27535840
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES91202653T Expired - Lifetime ES2120412T3 (es) | 1990-10-12 | 1991-10-11 | Catalizadores de oxido de alquileno que tienen actividad y/o estabilidad mejoradas. |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6511938B1 (es) |
| EP (1) | EP0480538B1 (es) |
| JP (2) | JP2720124B2 (es) |
| KR (1) | KR0147853B1 (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE170425T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU656537B2 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2053411C (es) |
| DE (1) | DE69130098T2 (es) |
| DK (1) | DK0480538T3 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2120412T3 (es) |
Families Citing this family (98)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5861519A (en) * | 1997-05-23 | 1999-01-19 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Propylene oxide process using alkaline earth metal compound-supported silver catalysts containing tungsten and potassium promoters |
| IN193645B (es) * | 1998-11-17 | 2004-07-31 | Nippon Catalytic Chem Ind | |
| BR0214282A (pt) * | 2001-11-20 | 2004-09-21 | Shell Int Research | Processos e sistemas para epoxidação de uma olefina |
| US7193094B2 (en) | 2001-11-20 | 2007-03-20 | Shell Oil Company | Process and systems for the epoxidation of an olefin |
| CN100408168C (zh) * | 2002-02-25 | 2008-08-06 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 负载的银催化剂和使用该催化剂的环氧化方法 |
| US6831037B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2004-12-14 | Saint-Gobain Norpro Corporation | Catalyst carriers |
| KR100980123B1 (ko) * | 2002-06-28 | 2010-09-03 | 셀 인터나쵸나아레 레사아치 마아츠샤피 비이부이 | 촉매 선택성을 향상시키는 방법 및 올레핀 에폭시화 방법 |
| RU2005102097A (ru) | 2002-06-28 | 2005-08-27 | Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. (NL) | Способ введения в действие способа эпоксидирования и способ эпоксидирования олефина |
| TWI346574B (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2011-08-11 | Shell Int Research | A catalyst composition, a process for preparing the catalyst composition and a use of the catalyst composition |
| ATE376879T1 (de) | 2003-04-01 | 2007-11-15 | Shell Int Research | Olefinepoxidationsverfahren und katalysator zur verwendung bei dem verfahren |
| US7348444B2 (en) * | 2003-04-07 | 2008-03-25 | Shell Oil Company | Process for the production of an olefin oxide |
| US20040225138A1 (en) * | 2003-05-07 | 2004-11-11 | Mcallister Paul Michael | Reactor system and process for the manufacture of ethylene oxide |
| AU2004238820B2 (en) | 2003-05-07 | 2008-01-31 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Silver-containing catalysts, the manufacture of such silver containing catalysts, and the use thereof |
| US20040224841A1 (en) * | 2003-05-07 | 2004-11-11 | Marek Matusz | Silver-containing catalysts, the manufacture of such silver-containing catalysts, and the use thereof |
| US8148555B2 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2012-04-03 | Shell Oil Company | Method for improving the selectivity of a catalyst and a process for the epoxidation of an olefin |
| RU2360908C2 (ru) * | 2003-09-29 | 2009-07-10 | Дау Текнолоджи Инвестментс Ллс. | Способ получения алкиленоксида с использованием газофазной промоторной системы |
| EP2277622B1 (en) | 2003-10-16 | 2013-01-09 | Dow Technology Investments LLC | Method for the preparation of catalysts having enhanced stability, efficiency and/or activity for alkylene oxide production |
| BRPI0506968A (pt) * | 2004-01-20 | 2007-07-03 | Shell Int Research | método de restaurar a atividade catalìtica de um catalisador de hidrotratamento esgotado, o catalisador restaurado resultante, e um método de hidroprocessamento |
| TW200600190A (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2006-01-01 | Shell Int Research | Process for preparing a silver catalyst, the catalyst, and use thereof in olefin oxidation |
| TW200602123A (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2006-01-16 | Shell Int Research | Process for preparing a catalyst, the catalyst, and a use of the catalyst |
| TW200613056A (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2006-05-01 | Shell Int Research | A process for preparing a silver catalyst, the catalyst, and a use of the catalyst for olefin oxidation |
| CN101023068B (zh) * | 2004-08-12 | 2013-02-13 | 万罗赛斯公司 | 使用微通道工艺技术将乙烯转化成环氧乙烷的方法 |
| KR20070058576A (ko) * | 2004-09-01 | 2007-06-08 | 셀 인터나쵸나아레 레사아치 마아츠샤피 비이부이 | 올레핀 에폭시화 방법, 이 방법에 사용되는 촉매, 이촉매의 제조에 사용되는 담체, 및 이 담체의 제조방법 |
| JP2008514405A (ja) * | 2004-09-24 | 2008-05-08 | シエル・インターナシヨナル・リサーチ・マートスハツペイ・ベー・ヴエー | 成形粒子を選択するプロセス、システムを取り付けるプロセス、このようなシステム内で気体原料を反応させるプロセス、コンピュータプログラム製品、およびコンピュータシステム |
| KR101369619B1 (ko) | 2005-06-07 | 2014-03-05 | 셀 인터나쵸나아레 레사아치 마아츠샤피 비이부이 | 산화올레핀, 1,2-디올, 1,2-디올 에테르 또는 알칸올아민의제조방법, 이를 위한 촉매, 이 촉매의 제조방법 |
| BRPI0611817A2 (pt) | 2005-06-07 | 2011-12-20 | Saint Gobain Ceramics | veìculo catalisador e um processo para preparação do veìculo catalisador |
| JP2009525848A (ja) * | 2006-02-03 | 2009-07-16 | シエル・インターナシヨナル・リサーチ・マートスハツペイ・ベー・ヴエー | 触媒の処理方法、触媒、および触媒の使用 |
| WO2007123932A2 (en) * | 2006-04-18 | 2007-11-01 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Alkylene oxide catalyst and use thereof |
| RU2009111878A (ru) * | 2006-09-01 | 2010-10-10 | Дау Глобал Текнолоджиз Инк. (Us) | Усовершенствованное управление и оптимизация процесса производства окиси этилена |
| US7977274B2 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2011-07-12 | Sd Lizenzverwertungsgesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kg | Catalyst with bimodal pore size distribution and the use thereof |
| US7932408B2 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2011-04-26 | Scientific Design Company, Inc. | Catalyst with bimodal pore size distribution and the use thereof |
| JP4267015B2 (ja) | 2006-09-29 | 2009-05-27 | 株式会社日本触媒 | エチレンオキシド製造用触媒およびエチレンオキシドの製造方法 |
| RU2009120540A (ru) * | 2006-11-01 | 2010-12-10 | Дау Глобал Текнолоджиз Инк. (Us) | Формованные пористые элементы из альфа-оксида алюминия и способы их получения |
| CA2670070A1 (en) * | 2006-11-21 | 2008-05-29 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Method for removal of mercury from hydrocarbon feedstocks |
| EP2152681B1 (en) * | 2007-05-09 | 2017-03-29 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | An epoxidation catalyst, a process for preparing the catalyst, and a process for the production of an olefin oxide, a 1,2-diol, a 1,2-diol ether, a 1,2-carbonate, or an alkanolamine |
| AR066468A1 (es) | 2007-05-09 | 2009-08-19 | Shell Int Research | Un catalizador de epoxidacion, un proceso para preparar el mismo, y un proceso para producir un oxido de olefina , un 1,2- diol, un 1,2 - diol eter, un 1,2- carbonato, o una alcanolamina |
| US7803957B2 (en) * | 2007-09-11 | 2010-09-28 | Sd Lizenzverwertungsgesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kg | Ethylene oxide production using fixed moderator concentration |
| DE102008014910A1 (de) * | 2008-03-19 | 2009-09-24 | Basf Se | Verwendung eines geträgerten edelmetallhaltigen Katalysators zur oxidativen Dehydrierung |
| JP5165441B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-31 | 2013-03-21 | 株式会社日本触媒 | エチレンオキシド製造用触媒および該触媒を用いたエチレンオキシドの製造方法 |
| KR101629037B1 (ko) * | 2008-05-07 | 2016-06-09 | 셀 인터나쵸나아레 레사아치 마아츠샤피 비이부이 | 에폭시화 방법의 스타트업 방법, 산화에틸렌, 1,2-디올, 1,2-디올 에테르, 1,2-카보네이트 또는 알칸올아민의 생산방법 |
| KR101629038B1 (ko) * | 2008-05-07 | 2016-06-09 | 셀 인터나쵸나아레 레사아치 마아츠샤피 비이부이 | 산화올레핀, 1,2-디올, 1,2-디올 에테르, 1,2-카보네이트 또는 알칸올아민의 생산방법 |
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| CN102414189B (zh) * | 2009-04-21 | 2014-09-17 | 陶氏技术投资有限公司 | 环氧化反应及其操作条件 |
| CN102421766B (zh) | 2009-04-21 | 2015-03-25 | 陶氏技术投资有限公司 | 提高铼助催化的环氧化催化剂的效率的方法以及使用它们的环氧化方法 |
| EP2424826A2 (en) | 2009-04-29 | 2012-03-07 | Dow Technology Investments LLC | Porous body precursors, shaped porous bodies, processes for making them, and end-use products based upon the same |
| JP2012522061A (ja) | 2009-12-28 | 2012-09-20 | ダウ テクノロジー インベストメンツ リミティド ライアビリティー カンパニー | アルキレンオキサイドの製造における銀触媒上への塩化銀の生成の制御方法 |
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| EP2788337B1 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2016-03-02 | Dow Technology Investments LLC | Method of maintaining the value of an alkylene oxide production parameter in a process of making an alkylene oxide using a high efficiency catalyst |
| US9649621B2 (en) | 2011-12-19 | 2017-05-16 | Dow Technology Investments Llc | Method of formulating alkylene oxide catalyst in relation to catalyst reference properties |
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| BR112019011162B1 (pt) | 2016-12-02 | 2022-08-16 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Método para o condicionamento de um catalisador de epoxidação de etileno e método para melhorar a seletividade do referido catalisador em um processo de epoxidação de etileno |
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| EP3731963A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2020-11-04 | Dow Technology Investments LLC | Process for preparing an epoxidation catalyst |
| TWI808125B (zh) | 2018-02-07 | 2023-07-11 | 德商巴斯夫歐洲公司 | 有效地將乙烯氧化轉化為環氧乙烷之催化劑 |
| US11772082B1 (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2023-10-03 | Avn Corporation | Catalyst supports—composition and process of manufacture |
| US12577530B2 (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2026-03-17 | The J. David Gladstone Institutes, A Testamentary Trust Established Under The Will Of J. David Gladstone | Generation of a population of hindbrain cells and hindbrain-like organoids from pluripotent stem cells |
| WO2021038027A1 (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2021-03-04 | Basf Se | Process for preparing an epoxidation catalyst |
| EP4081370A4 (en) | 2019-12-27 | 2024-04-24 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics Inc. | ABRASIVE ARTICLES AND THEIR FORMATION PROCESSES |
| CN114867582B (zh) | 2019-12-27 | 2024-10-18 | 圣戈本陶瓷及塑料股份有限公司 | 磨料制品及其形成方法 |
| KR102877276B1 (ko) | 2019-12-27 | 2025-10-28 | 세인트-고바인 세라믹스 앤드 플라스틱스, 인크. | 연마 물품 및 이의 형성 방법 |
| EP4457054A4 (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2026-01-14 | Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc | ABRASIVE ARTICLES AND THEIR FORMATION PROCESSES |
| CA3241421A1 (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2023-07-06 | Anthony MARTONE | Abrasive articles and methods of forming same |
| EP4457055A4 (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2025-12-24 | Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc | ABRASIVE ARTICLES AND THEIR FORMATION PROCESSES |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2605239A (en) | 1952-07-29 | Coprecipitated silver-beryllium | ||
| US2040782A (en) | 1936-05-12 | Manufacture of olefine oxides | ||
| US2279469A (en) * | 1942-04-14 | Process of making olefin oxides | ||
| US2615899A (en) * | 1949-06-23 | 1952-10-28 | Du Pont | Catalyst and process for ethylene oxide manufacture |
| US2615900A (en) | 1949-06-23 | 1952-10-28 | Du Pont | Process and catalyst for producing ethylene oxide |
| US3844981A (en) | 1969-12-23 | 1974-10-29 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Method for preparation of olefin oxidation catalyst |
| US3758418A (en) | 1971-03-22 | 1973-09-11 | Shell Oil Co | Process for preparing a supported catalyst |
| JPS516993B2 (es) * | 1971-10-07 | 1976-03-03 | ||
| JPS5741470B2 (es) * | 1973-01-22 | 1982-09-03 | ||
| JPS5741471B2 (es) * | 1973-01-22 | 1982-09-03 | ||
| GB1491447A (en) | 1973-12-05 | 1977-11-09 | Ici Ltd | Alkylene oxide production and catalysts therefor |
| JPS5929293B2 (ja) | 1977-07-01 | 1984-07-19 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 酸化エチレン製造用銀担持触媒の製造方法 |
| US4774222A (en) * | 1982-06-16 | 1988-09-27 | Scientific Design Company, Inc. | Catalyst for oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide and process for preparing the catalyst |
| FR2597098B1 (fr) | 1986-04-11 | 1989-01-13 | Atochem | Catalyseurs a base d'argent pour la fabrication d'oxyde d'ethylene |
| US4908343A (en) * | 1987-02-20 | 1990-03-13 | Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Company Inc. | Catalyst composition for oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide |
| US4845253A (en) * | 1987-11-23 | 1989-07-04 | The Dow Chemical Company | Silver-based catalyst for vapor phase oxidation of olefins to epoxides |
| US4897376A (en) | 1988-06-27 | 1990-01-30 | Scientific Design Company, Inc. | Process for preparing a catalyst for oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide |
| CA1337722C (en) * | 1989-04-18 | 1995-12-12 | Madan Mohan Bhasin | Alkylene oxide catalysts having enhanced activity and/or stability |
| US5112795A (en) | 1990-10-12 | 1992-05-12 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Supported silver catalyst, and processes for making and using same |
| US5407888A (en) | 1992-05-12 | 1995-04-18 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Silver catalyst |
-
1991
- 1991-10-11 JP JP3290349A patent/JP2720124B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-10-11 DE DE69130098T patent/DE69130098T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-10-11 AT AT91202653T patent/ATE170425T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-10-11 CA CA002053411A patent/CA2053411C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-10-11 ES ES91202653T patent/ES2120412T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-10-11 AU AU85761/91A patent/AU656537B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-10-11 DK DK91202653T patent/DK0480538T3/da active
- 1991-10-11 EP EP91202653A patent/EP0480538B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-10-11 KR KR1019910017920A patent/KR0147853B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-04-24 JP JP4129743A patent/JPH05305237A/ja active Pending
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1996
- 1996-03-21 US US08/619,216 patent/US6511938B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU656537B2 (en) | 1995-02-09 |
| EP0480538A1 (en) | 1992-04-15 |
| DE69130098T2 (de) | 1999-04-01 |
| KR920007688A (ko) | 1992-05-27 |
| EP0480538B1 (en) | 1998-09-02 |
| AU8576191A (en) | 1992-04-30 |
| DK0480538T3 (da) | 1998-11-02 |
| US6511938B1 (en) | 2003-01-28 |
| KR0147853B1 (ko) | 1998-08-17 |
| DE69130098D1 (de) | 1998-10-08 |
| CA2053411A1 (en) | 1992-04-13 |
| JPH05305237A (ja) | 1993-11-19 |
| JPH04305246A (ja) | 1992-10-28 |
| ATE170425T1 (de) | 1998-09-15 |
| JP2720124B2 (ja) | 1998-02-25 |
| CA2053411C (en) | 1997-06-03 |
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