ES2146647T3 - Composiciones de fluidos de trabajo para refrigeracion que contienen difluoroetano o pentafluoroetano. - Google Patents

Composiciones de fluidos de trabajo para refrigeracion que contienen difluoroetano o pentafluoroetano.

Info

Publication number
ES2146647T3
ES2146647T3 ES94905577T ES94905577T ES2146647T3 ES 2146647 T3 ES2146647 T3 ES 2146647T3 ES 94905577 T ES94905577 T ES 94905577T ES 94905577 T ES94905577 T ES 94905577T ES 2146647 T3 ES2146647 T3 ES 2146647T3
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
sub
compositions
refrigerants
acids
pentafluoroethane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
ES94905577T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Anthony Krevalis
Richard Henry Schlosberg
Carolyn Boggus Duncan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc
Original Assignee
Exxon Chemical Patents Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=21696233&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=ES2146647(T3) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Exxon Chemical Patents Inc filed Critical Exxon Chemical Patents Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2146647T3 publication Critical patent/ES2146647T3/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/22—All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/286—Esters of polymerised unsaturated acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2211/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
    • C10M2211/022—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only aliphatic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2211/06—Perfluorinated compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/32—Wires, ropes or cables lubricants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/34—Lubricating-sealants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/36—Release agents or mold release agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/38—Conveyors or chain belts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/40—Generators or electric motors in oil or gas winning field
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/42—Flashing oils or marking oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/44—Super vacuum or supercritical use
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/50—Medical uses

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

SE PRESENTAN COMPOSICIONES DE FLUIDOS DE TRABAJO DE REFRIGERACION QUE CONTIENEN LOS REFRIGERANTES R125 (PENTAFLUORETANO) O R152A (1,1-DIFLUORETANO) Y CIERTOS ESTERES DE POLIOL DE ACIDOS ALCANOICOS RAMIFICADOS C{SUB,7} A C{SUB,10} O MEZCLAS DE TALES ACIDOS RAMIFICADOS CON ACIDOS NO ALCANOICOS LINEALES C{SUB,7} A C{SUB,10}. LOS POLIOLES SON NEOPENTILGLICOL, PENTAERITRITOL DE GRADO TECNICO Y TRIMETILOLPROPANO; LOS ESTERES PRESENTAN UNAS GAMAS DE VISCOSIDAD ADECUADAS Y SE PUEDEN MEZCLAR CON REFRIGERANTES A LO LARGO DE UNA AMPLIA GAMA COMPOSITIVA. LOS ACIDOS TIENEN UNA LONGITUD DEFINIDA MEDIA EFECTIVA DE LA CADENA DE CARBONO PARA QUE SE PUEDAN MEZCLAR CON LOS REFRIGERANTES EN UNA CANTIDAD DE UN 5 A UN 55% EN PESO DE LUBRICANTE DE ESTER.
ES94905577T 1993-01-07 1994-01-03 Composiciones de fluidos de trabajo para refrigeracion que contienen difluoroetano o pentafluoroetano. Expired - Lifetime ES2146647T3 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US148293A 1993-01-07 1993-01-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES2146647T3 true ES2146647T3 (es) 2000-08-16

Family

ID=21696233

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ES94905577T Expired - Lifetime ES2146647T3 (es) 1993-01-07 1994-01-03 Composiciones de fluidos de trabajo para refrigeracion que contienen difluoroetano o pentafluoroetano.

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US5494597A (es)
EP (1) EP0678115B1 (es)
JP (1) JP3510888B2 (es)
CN (1) CN1072253C (es)
AU (2) AU5963494A (es)
BR (1) BR9405745A (es)
CA (1) CA2153388C (es)
DE (1) DE69423610T2 (es)
ES (1) ES2146647T3 (es)
IL (1) IL108066A0 (es)
MX (1) MX9400322A (es)
SG (1) SG48275A1 (es)
WO (1) WO1994016028A1 (es)
ZA (1) ZA9471B (es)

Families Citing this family (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7052626B1 (en) * 1989-12-28 2006-05-30 Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corporation Fluid compositions containing refrigeration oils and chlorine-free fluorocarbon refrigerants
ZA928934B (en) * 1991-12-06 1994-05-19 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Refrigeration working fluid compositions
US5976399A (en) * 1992-06-03 1999-11-02 Henkel Corporation Blended polyol ester lubricants for refrigerant heat transfer fluids
US5804096A (en) * 1993-05-27 1998-09-08 Tonen Corporation Refrigerating machine oil
US5665686A (en) * 1995-03-14 1997-09-09 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Polyol ester compositions with unconverted hydroxyl groups
US5674822A (en) * 1995-09-21 1997-10-07 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Synthetic ester base stocks for low emission lubricants
US5707871A (en) * 1996-02-07 1998-01-13 Thermo King Corporation Method and kit for testing polyolester lubricants used in refrigerant compressors
TW349119B (en) * 1996-04-09 1999-01-01 Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co Polyol ester based-lubricant
SE504879C2 (sv) * 1996-06-24 1997-05-20 Perstorp Ab Kylsystemsarbetsfluid innehållande som smörjmedel en hyperförgrenad makromolekyl av polyestertyp
JP4564111B2 (ja) * 1998-09-02 2010-10-20 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 冷凍機油
US6374629B1 (en) * 1999-01-25 2002-04-23 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricant refrigerant composition for hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants
US20010019120A1 (en) 1999-06-09 2001-09-06 Nicolas E. Schnur Method of improving performance of refrigerant systems
US20020055442A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2002-05-09 Schnur Nicholas E. Method of reducing wear of metal surfaces and maintaining a hydrolytically stable environment in refrigeration equipment during the operation of such equipment
US6526764B1 (en) * 2000-09-27 2003-03-04 Honeywell International Inc. Hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant compositions soluble in lubricating oil
US6742345B2 (en) * 2002-03-27 2004-06-01 The Penray Companies, Inc. Temperature control system using aqueous 1,3-propanediol solution
US6774093B2 (en) * 2002-07-12 2004-08-10 Hatco Corporation High viscosity synthetic ester lubricant base stock
GB2447629A (en) * 2007-03-19 2008-09-24 Rpl Holdings Ltd Refrigerant composition comprising three hydrofluorocarbon components
WO2008120536A1 (ja) * 2007-03-29 2008-10-09 Nippon Oil Corporation 冷凍機油組成物及び冷凍機用作動流体組成物
JP5290533B2 (ja) * 2007-03-29 2013-09-18 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 冷凍機用作動流体組成物
US8402778B2 (en) * 2008-03-31 2013-03-26 National Refrigerants, Inc. Method for enhancing mineral oil miscibility and oil return
KR101901482B1 (ko) 2011-12-27 2018-09-21 재팬 썬 오일 컴퍼니, 엘티디 냉동기유 조성물
US9328306B2 (en) * 2012-02-01 2016-05-03 Kh Neochem Co., Ltd. Mixed ester
JP5882860B2 (ja) * 2012-08-30 2016-03-09 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 潤滑油組成物
TWI522456B (zh) 2015-03-27 2016-02-21 Novel refrigeration oil

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US4755316A (en) * 1987-10-23 1988-07-05 Allied-Signal Inc. Refrigeration lubricants
GB8806923D0 (en) * 1988-03-23 1988-04-27 Ici Plc Lubricants
US4851144A (en) * 1989-01-10 1989-07-25 The Dow Chemical Company Lubricants for refrigeration compressors
BR9006748A (pt) * 1989-04-25 1991-08-06 Lubrizol Corp Composicao liquida de refrigeracao
KR950005694B1 (ko) * 1989-07-05 1995-05-29 가부시끼가이샤 교오세끼 세이힝기주쓰 겡뀨쇼 냉각윤활제
JP2801703B2 (ja) * 1989-09-01 1998-09-21 花王株式会社 冷凍機油
EP0430657A1 (en) * 1989-11-29 1991-06-05 Asahi Denka Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Lubricant for refrigerators
DE69007264T2 (de) * 1989-12-28 1994-07-28 Nippon Oil Co Ltd Kühlschranköle zum Gebrauch mit Hydrogen enthaltenden Halogenocarbonkühlmitteln.
JPH03217494A (ja) * 1990-01-22 1991-09-25 Kao Corp 冷凍機油
EP0638630B1 (en) * 1990-01-31 1998-06-17 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Esters as lubricants for a haloalkane refrigerant
DE4006827A1 (de) * 1990-03-05 1991-09-12 Hoechst Ag Verwendung von esteroelen als schmiermittel fuer kaeltemittelverdichter
AU640019B2 (en) * 1990-05-22 1993-08-12 Unichema Chemie Bv Lubricants
US5021179A (en) * 1990-07-12 1991-06-04 Henkel Corporation Lubrication for refrigerant heat transfer fluids
GB2247466B (en) * 1990-07-23 1994-11-16 Castrol Ltd Retrofilling mechanical vapour recompression heat transfer devices
JP2573111B2 (ja) * 1990-09-12 1997-01-22 花王 株式会社 冷凍機作動流体用組成物
ES2104738T3 (es) * 1991-01-17 1997-10-16 Cpi Eng Services Inc Composicion lubricante para refrigerantes fluorados.
EP0536940B1 (en) * 1991-10-11 2001-11-21 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Working fluids
JP4270795B2 (ja) * 2002-02-28 2009-06-03 ハネウェル・インターナショナル・インコーポレーテッド カラーディスプレイ用のサブピクセルを再マッピングする方法および装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2153388A1 (en) 1994-07-21
ZA9471B (en) 1994-08-17
DE69423610T2 (de) 2000-11-16
WO1994016028A1 (en) 1994-07-21
EP0678115B1 (en) 2000-03-22
JPH08505422A (ja) 1996-06-11
JP3510888B2 (ja) 2004-03-29
CN1091148A (zh) 1994-08-24
MX9400322A (es) 1994-07-29
AU715115B2 (en) 2000-01-20
EP0678115A1 (en) 1995-10-25
AU6900398A (en) 1998-07-16
DE69423610D1 (de) 2000-04-27
BR9405745A (pt) 1995-12-05
US5494597A (en) 1996-02-27
AU5963494A (en) 1994-08-15
CN1072253C (zh) 2001-10-03
SG48275A1 (en) 1998-04-17
CA2153388C (en) 2004-03-30
IL108066A0 (en) 1994-04-12

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