ES2150141T3 - Elemento de llenado estructural. - Google Patents
Elemento de llenado estructural.Info
- Publication number
- ES2150141T3 ES2150141T3 ES96933588T ES96933588T ES2150141T3 ES 2150141 T3 ES2150141 T3 ES 2150141T3 ES 96933588 T ES96933588 T ES 96933588T ES 96933588 T ES96933588 T ES 96933588T ES 2150141 T3 ES2150141 T3 ES 2150141T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- elements
- leaves
- fitting
- filling element
- structural filling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/32—Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J3/04896—Details of columns, e.g. internals, inlet/outlet devices
- F25J3/04909—Structured packings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/3221—Corrugated sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32213—Plurality of essentially parallel sheets
- B01J2219/3222—Plurality of essentially parallel sheets with sheets having corrugations which intersect at an angle different from 90 degrees
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32224—Sheets characterised by the orientation of the sheet
- B01J2219/32227—Vertical orientation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32255—Other details of the sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32255—Other details of the sheets
- B01J2219/32258—Details relating to the extremities of the sheets, such as a change in corrugation geometry or sawtooth edges
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32286—Grids or lattices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/324—Composition or microstructure of the elements
- B01J2219/32408—Metal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
- Y10S261/72—Packing elements
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)
- Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
- Connection Of Plates (AREA)
Abstract
UN APARATO DE CONTACTO ENTRE FLUIDOS (10) ESTA PROVISTO DE UNA GUARNICION ESTRUCTURADA QUE COMPRENDE UNA SERIE DE ELEMENTOS DE GUARNICION (20) FABRICADOS CON HOJAS (24) DE MATERIAL ONDULADO DE TAL MODO QUE LAS ONDULACIONES (26) DE CADA HOJA (24) SE EXTIENDAN OBLICUAMENTE CON RESPECTO A LA DIRECCION DE CIRCULACION DEL CAUDAL DE FLUIDO POR EL APARATO (10). CADA ELEMENTO DE GUARNICION (20) ESTA ORIENTADO CON SUS HOJAS (24) EN UN PLANO QUE ESTA DESPLAZADO EN ANGULO CON RESPECTO A LAS HOJAS (24) DE LOS ELEMENTOS COLINDANTES (20). EN LAS PROXIMIDADES DE LA SUPERFICIE DE CONTACTO (21) ENTRE ELEMENTOS COLINDANTES (20) SE DISPONEN MEDIOS PARA REDUCIR LA CAIDA DE PRESION IMPUESTA SOBRE LA FASE CONTINUA A MEDIDA QUE PASA DE UN ELEMENTO (20) AL SIGUIENTE.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9522086.9A GB9522086D0 (en) | 1995-10-31 | 1995-10-31 | Fluid-fluid contacting apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2150141T3 true ES2150141T3 (es) | 2000-11-16 |
Family
ID=10783030
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES96933588T Expired - Lifetime ES2150141T3 (es) | 1995-10-31 | 1996-10-28 | Elemento de llenado estructural. |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6206349B1 (es) |
| EP (1) | EP0858366B1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP4084849B2 (es) |
| CN (1) | CN1116925C (es) |
| AU (1) | AU7226096A (es) |
| BR (1) | BR9611216A (es) |
| DE (1) | DE69609517T2 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2150141T3 (es) |
| GB (1) | GB9522086D0 (es) |
| TW (1) | TW350789B (es) |
| WO (1) | WO1997016247A1 (es) |
Families Citing this family (53)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001500062A (ja) | 1997-07-04 | 2001-01-09 | キユーニ アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | 物質交換カラムのための組込み物 |
| US6101841A (en) † | 1998-10-02 | 2000-08-15 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Cryogenic rectification system with high strength and high capacity packing |
| CA2294406C (en) * | 1999-01-21 | 2004-11-02 | Sulzer Chemtech Ag | Packing with a cross channel structure for a material exchange column with a high specific separation performance |
| US6357728B1 (en) * | 1999-03-15 | 2002-03-19 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Optimal corrugated structured packing |
| TW483819B (en) * | 1999-04-15 | 2002-04-21 | Sulzer Chemtech Ag | Method and plant for shaping strip-like films |
| US6509082B1 (en) * | 1999-06-25 | 2003-01-21 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Structured packing |
| US6713158B2 (en) | 1999-06-25 | 2004-03-30 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Structured packing |
| DE19936380A1 (de) * | 1999-08-03 | 2001-02-08 | Basf Ag | Geordnete Packung zum Wärme- und Stoffaustausch |
| US6478290B2 (en) | 1999-12-09 | 2002-11-12 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Packing for mass transfer column |
| DE10001694A1 (de) * | 2000-01-18 | 2001-07-19 | Montz Gmbh Julius | Packung für Wärme- und Stoffaustauschkolonnen |
| US6212907B1 (en) * | 2000-02-23 | 2001-04-10 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Method for operating a cryogenic rectification column |
| DE10010810A1 (de) * | 2000-03-08 | 2001-09-13 | Montz Gmbh Julius | Flüssigkeitsverteiler und Verfahren zum Betreiben |
| FR2806325B1 (fr) * | 2000-03-17 | 2002-10-18 | Air Liquide | Module de garnissage, son procede de fabrication, et appareil de traitement de fluide(s) comportant un garnissage correspondant |
| FR2813809B1 (fr) | 2000-09-11 | 2003-07-25 | Air Liquide | Colonne a garnissage d'echange de chaleur et/ou de matiere |
| US6321567B1 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2001-11-27 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Structured packing system for reduced distillation column height |
| US6751986B2 (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2004-06-22 | The Bog Group, Inc. | Structured packing |
| FR2827526A1 (fr) * | 2001-07-20 | 2003-01-24 | Air Liquide | Bande d'interface,garnissage correspondant,et appareil de traitement de fluide(s) correspondant. |
| US20030086845A1 (en) * | 2001-11-05 | 2003-05-08 | Adusei George Y. | Catalytic reactor |
| FR2833190B1 (fr) | 2001-12-10 | 2004-02-27 | Air Liquide | Bande pour module de garnissage, module et colonne correspondants |
| DE10221761A1 (de) | 2002-05-16 | 2003-11-27 | Montz Gmbh Julius | Packung für Wärme- und Stoffaustausch |
| US6991222B2 (en) | 2003-03-31 | 2006-01-31 | George Amir Meski | Structured packing with increased capacity |
| SG115648A1 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2005-10-28 | Air Prod & Chem | Structured packing with increased capacity |
| FR2854579B1 (fr) | 2003-05-09 | 2005-06-17 | Air Liquide | Installation de distillation comprenant des colonnes a garnissages structures ondules-croises et procede d'augmentation de capacite d'une installation de distillation |
| TWI351306B (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2011-11-01 | Sulzer Chemtech Ag | Method of mass transfer of a material or heat |
| FR2867697B1 (fr) | 2004-03-16 | 2007-06-01 | Air Liquide | Structure de garnissage ondule-croise |
| DE102004056419A1 (de) * | 2004-11-23 | 2006-05-24 | Julius Montz Gmbh | Geordnete Packung für Wärme und/oder Stoffaustausch |
| US7267329B2 (en) | 2005-07-27 | 2007-09-11 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Alternating conventional and high capacity packing within the same section of an exchange column |
| RU2300419C1 (ru) * | 2005-10-25 | 2007-06-10 | Московский государственный университет инженерной экологии | Регулярная насадка для тепло- и массообменных аппаратов |
| FR2911391A1 (fr) * | 2007-01-16 | 2008-07-18 | Air Liquide | Procede de separation utilisant une colonne a garnissage structure ondule-croise pour la separation d'un melange de gaz et colonne adaptee a etre utilisee pour le procede |
| FR2915111A1 (fr) * | 2007-04-18 | 2008-10-24 | Air Liquide | Colonne d'echange de matiere et/ou de chaleur a garnissages structures. |
| RU2359749C2 (ru) * | 2007-06-09 | 2009-06-27 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего порофессионального образования "Московский государственный университет инженерной экологии" | Регулярная насадка для тепломассообменных аппаратов |
| FR2929134B1 (fr) | 2008-03-28 | 2010-12-31 | Air Liquide | Procede de fabrication d'un garnissage ondule-croise |
| US8298412B2 (en) | 2008-09-17 | 2012-10-30 | Koch-Glitsch, Lp | Structured packing module for mass transfer column and process involving same |
| FR2939339B1 (fr) * | 2008-12-04 | 2011-03-18 | Air Liquide | Procede et dispositif de fabrication d'une onde de garnissage structure, et appareil de traitement de fluides correspondant |
| TWI495505B (zh) * | 2009-03-18 | 2015-08-11 | Sulzer Chemtech Ag | 用以純化流體之方法及裝置 |
| SE534944C2 (sv) | 2009-08-12 | 2012-02-28 | Alfa Laval Corp Ab | En semikontinuerlig deodoriserare innefattande en strukturerad packning |
| NL2006022C2 (en) | 2011-01-18 | 2012-07-19 | Stichting Energie | Heat integrated distillation column using structured packing. |
| JP6050349B2 (ja) * | 2011-07-21 | 2016-12-21 | スルザー ケムテック アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 波形シートを製造するためのシート成形工具及び方法 |
| KR20140098078A (ko) | 2011-11-29 | 2014-08-07 | 술저 켐테크 악티엔게젤샤프트 | 이산화탄소의 흡수를 위한 방법 및 장치 |
| US9295925B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 | 2016-03-29 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Structured packing and method |
| EP2801374A1 (en) | 2013-05-08 | 2014-11-12 | Sulzer Chemtech AG | An apparatus for germ reduction of a fluid and a process for use thereof |
| US9956540B1 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2018-05-01 | Gtc Technology Us Llc | Structured packing with enhanced fluid-flow interface |
| FR3037507A1 (fr) | 2015-06-16 | 2016-12-23 | Ifp Energies Now | Contacteur pour colonne d'echange de chaleur et/ou de matiere comprenant un garnissage et au moins une zone de chute libre |
| EP3106214B1 (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2020-03-04 | General Electric Technology GmbH | Gas stripper system |
| EP3132848B1 (en) | 2015-08-20 | 2020-01-08 | Sulzer Management AG | Structured packing with specific mounting clips |
| RU191388U1 (ru) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-08-05 | Любовь Петровна Беззатеева | Насадка теплообменного аппарата |
| EP3808445A1 (en) | 2019-10-14 | 2021-04-21 | Sulzer Management AG | Structured packing element with reduced material requirement |
| EP3808447A1 (en) | 2019-10-14 | 2021-04-21 | Sulzer Management AG | Plant and process for efficiently producing a structured cross-channel packing element |
| EP3808446A1 (en) | 2019-10-14 | 2021-04-21 | Sulzer Management AG | Structured cross-channel packing element with reduced material requirement |
| EP3932512A1 (en) | 2020-07-02 | 2022-01-05 | Sulzer Management AG | Structured packing bed for high pressure mass transfer and/or heat exchange applications |
| DE102023004343A1 (de) | 2022-12-01 | 2024-06-06 | Sulzer Management Ag | Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Wasserbenetzbarkeit eines strukturierten Packungselements für eine Kolonne für Massentransfer und/oder Wärmeaustausch |
| US12364965B2 (en) * | 2023-07-11 | 2025-07-22 | Honeywell Federal Manufacturing & Technologies, Llc | High-energy laser surface processing for industrial column packing |
| EP4650045A1 (en) | 2024-05-16 | 2025-11-19 | Sulzer Management AG | Structured packing element with high performance microstructure |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH398503A (de) | 1962-07-31 | 1966-03-15 | Sulzer Ag | Stoffaustauschkolonne |
| FR1377537A (fr) | 1963-09-26 | 1964-11-06 | Tissmetal Lionel Dupont | élément de garnissage pour colonnes d'échange entre deux fluides |
| DE2815343C2 (de) * | 1978-04-10 | 1980-07-10 | Carl Munters-Euroform Gmbh & Co Kg, 5100 Aachen | Füllkörper für den Wärme- und Stoffaustausch, insbesondere für Kühltürme |
| US4225540A (en) * | 1979-04-10 | 1980-09-30 | Carl Munters-Euroform | Packing for heat and material exchange, particularly for cooling towers |
| US4518544A (en) | 1983-01-20 | 1985-05-21 | Baltimore Aircoil Company, Inc. | Serpentine film fill packing for evaporative heat and mass exchange |
| SE459826B (sv) | 1984-10-03 | 1989-08-07 | Munters Ab Carl | Insatskropp av veckade skikt med speciellt utformade kantpartier |
| CH666199A5 (de) * | 1986-01-24 | 1988-07-15 | Sulzer Ag | Kolonne fuer stoff- und/oder waermeaustausch und fuer die durchfuehrung chemischer reaktionen im gleich- oder gegenstrom. |
| DE8904345U1 (de) | 1989-04-07 | 1989-05-18 | Streng, Andreas, Dipl.-Ing., 5210 Troisdorf | Wärme- und Stoffübertrager |
| DE3918483A1 (de) * | 1989-06-06 | 1990-12-13 | Munters Euroform Gmbh Carl | Fuellkoerper |
| US5013492A (en) * | 1990-04-06 | 1991-05-07 | Munters Corporation | Arrangement for contact bodies for liquid and gas |
| DE4122369C1 (en) * | 1991-07-05 | 1992-10-22 | Rainer Richter Gmbh, 5439 Hof, De | Packaging used for heat and mass transfer between liq. and gas - consists of corrugated or folded foil, plate or mat-like packaging elements in zones, in which profiles are inclined to longitudinal axis, etc. |
| US5217788A (en) | 1992-05-11 | 1993-06-08 | Brentwood Industries | Corrugated sheet assembly |
| JPH06312101A (ja) * | 1993-04-28 | 1994-11-08 | Hitachi Ltd | 気液接触用の充填材及び充填塔 |
| CN1091646C (zh) | 1994-10-04 | 2002-10-02 | 普莱克斯技术有限公司 | 用于精炼系统的高容量结构填料 |
-
1995
- 1995-10-31 GB GBGB9522086.9A patent/GB9522086D0/en active Pending
-
1996
- 1996-10-28 EP EP96933588A patent/EP0858366B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1996-10-28 US US09/066,383 patent/US6206349B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-28 DE DE69609517T patent/DE69609517T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1996-10-28 JP JP51718997A patent/JP4084849B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-28 ES ES96933588T patent/ES2150141T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-28 CN CN96198029A patent/CN1116925C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-28 BR BR9611216A patent/BR9611216A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-28 AU AU72260/96A patent/AU7226096A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-10-28 WO PCT/IB1996/001156 patent/WO1997016247A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1997
- 1997-01-29 TW TW086101090A patent/TW350789B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69609517D1 (de) | 2000-08-31 |
| JP4084849B2 (ja) | 2008-04-30 |
| EP0858366B1 (en) | 2000-07-26 |
| BR9611216A (pt) | 1999-05-25 |
| DE69609517T2 (de) | 2002-06-20 |
| CN1201404A (zh) | 1998-12-09 |
| EP0858366A1 (en) | 1998-08-19 |
| TW350789B (en) | 1999-01-21 |
| US6206349B1 (en) | 2001-03-27 |
| JPH11514568A (ja) | 1999-12-14 |
| WO1997016247A1 (en) | 1997-05-09 |
| CN1116925C (zh) | 2003-08-06 |
| AU7226096A (en) | 1997-05-22 |
| GB9522086D0 (en) | 1996-01-03 |
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