ES2197112T3 - PROCEDURE FOR THE OPERATION OF A WIND FARM. - Google Patents

PROCEDURE FOR THE OPERATION OF A WIND FARM.

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Publication number
ES2197112T3
ES2197112T3 ES00954452T ES00954452T ES2197112T3 ES 2197112 T3 ES2197112 T3 ES 2197112T3 ES 00954452 T ES00954452 T ES 00954452T ES 00954452 T ES00954452 T ES 00954452T ES 2197112 T3 ES2197112 T3 ES 2197112T3
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Spain
Prior art keywords
power
wind
wind farm
energy
facilities
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ES00954452T
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Spanish (es)
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ES2197112T5 (en
Inventor
Aloys Wobben
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • F03D9/257—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor the wind motor being part of a wind farm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/46—Controlling the sharing of generated power between the generators, sources or networks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/96—Mounting on supporting structures or systems as part of a wind turbine farm
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/101—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
    • F05B2270/1011—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n) to prevent overspeed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/20—Purpose of the control system to optimise the performance of a machine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/20—Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
    • H02J2101/28—Wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Harvester Elements (AREA)
  • Transplanting Machines (AREA)

Abstract

Procedimiento para el funcionamiento de un parque eólico, compuesto por al menos dos instalaciones de energía eólica, en donde la potencia entregada por las instalaciones de energía eólica está limitada en su valor a una máxima potencia de alimentación de energía posible, que es menor que el máximo valor posible de la energía que se ha de entregar (valor nominal), y donde la máxima potencia de alimentación de energía posible se determina a través de la capacidad de recepción (capacidad de los conductores) de la red de distribución de energía a la que se alimenta la energía y/o a través de la capacidad de potencia de la unidad de transmisión de energía o del transformador mediante el que se alimenta a la red de distribución de energía la energía generada por la instalación de energía eólica.Procedure for the operation of a wind farm, consisting of at least two wind power installations, where the power delivered by wind power facilities is limited in value to a maximum possible power supply power, which is less than maximum possible value of the energy to be delivered (nominal value), and where the maximum possible power supply power is determined through the reception capacity (conductor capacity) of the power distribution network to the that the energy is fed and / or through the power capacity of the power transmission unit or the transformer by means of which the energy generated by the wind power installation is fed to the power distribution network.

Description

Procedimiento para el funcionamiento de un parque eólico.Procedure for the operation of a park wind.

La invención trata de un procedimiento para el funcionamiento de un parque eólico, así como también de un parque eólico como tal.The invention deals with a method for operation of a wind farm, as well as a park wind as such.

Las instalaciones de energía eólica se instalan siempre en primer lugar de modo individual y, en los últimos años, por primera vez, también debido a las regulaciones administrativas y a las reglamentaciones de construcción, se instalan frecuentemente en parques eólicos. En este caso, un parque eólico es, en su unidad más pequeña, una disposición de por lo menos dos instalaciones de energía eólica, si bien normalmente son considerablemente más. A modo de ejemplo, se puede citar el parque eólico de Holtriem (Ostfriesland), en donde más de 50 instalaciones de energía eólica estás dispuestas en un grupo. Se espera que tanto el número de piezas como la potencia instalada de las instalaciones de energía eólica también crezca de modo considerable en los próximos años. En la mayoría de los casos, el mayor potencial eólico se da en las regiones de la red de distribución con reducida potencia en cortocircuito y reducida densidad de población. Precisamente, en estos casos, se alcanzan rápidamente las limites técnicos de conexión a través de las instalaciones de energía eólica, lo cual tiene como consecuencia que en estos emplazamientos no se puede instalar entonces más instalaciones de energía eólica.Wind power facilities are installed always first individually and, in recent years, for the first time, also due to administrative regulations and to construction regulations, they are frequently installed in wind farms. In this case, a wind farm is, in its unit smaller, an arrangement of at least two facilities of wind energy, although normally they are considerably more. TO As an example, you can cite the Holtriem wind farm (Ostfriesland), where more than 50 wind power installations You are arranged in a group. It is expected that both the number of parts such as the installed power of energy installations wind also grow considerably in the coming years. In In most cases, the greatest wind potential occurs in the regions of the distribution network with reduced power in short circuit and reduced population density. Precisely in In these cases, the technical limits of connection through wind power facilities, which It has the consequence that in these locations you cannot then install more wind power installations.

Un parque eólico y un procedimiento para el funcionamiento de un parque eólico se conocen asimismo del documento DE 196 29 906 A1.A wind farm and a procedure for operation of a wind farm are also known from the document DE 196 29 906 A1.

Un parque eólico convencional que está conectado, por ejemplo, a una subestación transformadora con 50 MW, puede tener, así pues, como máximo una potencia total de 50 MW, es decir, por ejemplo, 50 instalaciones de energía eólica con 1 MW de potencia nominal cada una de ellas.A conventional wind farm that is connected, for example, at a transformer substation with 50 MW, you can have, therefore, at most a total power of 50 MW, that is, for example, 50 wind power installations with 1 MW of nominal power each of them.

Teniendo en cuenta que las instalaciones de energía eólica no han de ser operadas en todo momento en funcionamiento nominal y que, con ello, el parque eólico en su conjunto tampoco alcanza en todo momento su potencia máxima (potencia nominal), se puede advertir que el parque eólico no se usa de un modo óptimo cuando la potencia nominal del parque eólico se corresponde con la potencia total que se ha de alimentar.Given that the facilities of wind power should not be operated at all times in nominal operation and that, with it, the wind farm in its set does not reach its maximum power at all times (nominal power), it can be noted that the wind farm is not used optimally when the nominal power of the wind farm is It corresponds to the total power to be fed.

Según esto, la invención sugiere una solución en la que el parque eólico se equipa con una potencia total que es mayor que la máxima potencia posible de alimentación de la red. Trasladando esto al ejemplo comentado anteriormente, la potencia puede elevarse a un valor superior a 50 MW, por ejemplo, 53 MW. Tan pronto como las velocidades del viento sean lo suficientemente altas para generar la potencia límite de 50 MW, entra en funcionamiento la regulación del parque eólico conforme a la invención, y regula algunas de las instalaciones, o todas ellas, en caso de que se supere la potencia conjunta máxima, de tal manera que ésta siempre se mantenga. Esto significa que para velocidades del viento por encima del viento nominal (velocidad del viento con la que una instalación de energía eólica alcanza su valor nominal), por lo menos una de las instalaciones, o todas ellas, se ponen en funcionamiento con una potencia (ligeramente) estrangulada (por ejemplo, con una potencia de 940 kW en lugar de 1 MW).According to this, the invention suggests a solution in which the wind farm is equipped with a total power that is greater than the maximum possible power supply of the network. Moving this to the example discussed above, the power it can be raised to a value greater than 50 MW, for example, 53 MW. So soon as wind speeds are high enough to generate the 50 MW limit power, it comes into operation the regulation of the wind farm according to the invention, and regulates some of the facilities, or all of them, in case exceed the maximum joint power, so that it always it stays. This means that for wind speeds by above the nominal wind (wind speed with which a wind power installation reaches its nominal value), so least one of the facilities, or all of them, are put in operation with a (slightly) strangled power (by example, with a power of 940 kW instead of 1 MW).

Las ventajas de la invención son claras. En conjunto, los componentes de la red de alimentación (componentes de la red son, por ejemplo, el transformador y los conductores) se usan y cargan de modo óptimo (también es posible un uso hasta el límite térmico). Con esto se pueden utilizar los parques eólicos existentes de un mejor modo, gracias a la instalación de un máximo número posible de instalaciones de energía eólica. En este caso, el número ya no está determinado (no en una medida tan grande) a través de la capacidad existente de la red.The advantages of the invention are clear. In set, the components of the power supply network (components of the network are, for example, the transformer and the conductors) use and charge optimally (use is also possible until thermal limit). With this you can use wind farms existing in a better way, thanks to the installation of a maximum possible number of wind power installations. In this case, the number is no longer determined (not to such a large extent) to through the existing capacity of the network.

Para el control/regulación de una instalación de energía eólica es apropiado que ésta disponga de una entrada de datos, a través de la cual la potencia eléctrica se pueda ajustar en un intervalo de 0 a 100% (referido a la potencia nominal). Por ejemplo, en caso de que se ponga en esta entrada de datos un valor teórico de 350 kW, entonces la potencia máxima de esta instalación de energía eólica no sobrepasará el valor teórico de 350 kW. Cada valor desde 0 hasta la potencia nominal (por ejemplo, de 0 hasta 1 MW) es posible como valor teórico.For the control / regulation of an installation of wind energy is appropriate that it has an input of data, through which the electrical power can be adjusted in a range of 0 to 100% (referred to the nominal power). By For example, if a value is entered in this data entry theoretical of 350 kW, then the maximum power of this installation of wind power will not exceed the theoretical value of 350 kW. Every value from 0 to nominal power (for example, from 0 to 1 MW) is possible as theoretical value.

Esta entrada de datos puede usarse directamente para la limitación de potencia.This data entry can be used directly for power limitation.

Sin embargo, con la ayuda de un regulador también se puede regular la potencia del generador dependiendo de la tensión de la red (en la red del parque eólico o en la red de alimentación).However, with the help of a regulator too generator power can be regulated depending on voltage of the network (in the wind farm network or in the network of feeding).

Otra función importante se explica a continuación a partir de una regulación de un parque eólico. Por ejemplo, se supone que un parque eólico está formado por 10 instalaciones de energía eólica, cada una de las cuales dispone de una potencia nominal de 600 kW. Debido a las capacidades de los componentes de la red (capacidades de los conductores) o a las capacidades limitadas de la subestación transformadora, se supone además que la máxima potencia que se puede entregar (potencia límite) está limitada a 5200 kW.Another important function is explained below. from a regulation of a wind farm. For example, it supposes that a wind farm is formed by 10 installations of wind power, each of which has a power 600 kW nominal. Due to the capabilities of the components of the network (driver capabilities) or limited capabilities of the transformer substation, it is also assumed that the maximum power that can be delivered (limit power) is limited to 5200 kW

Existe ahora la posibilidad de limitar todas las instalaciones de energía eólica a una potencia máxima de 520 kW con la ayuda de un valor teórico (entrada de datos). Con esto se cumple el requisito de la limitación de la potencia que se ha de entregar.There is now the possibility of limiting all wind power installations at a maximum power of 520 kW with the help of a theoretical value (data entry). This is true the requirement of the power limitation to be deliver.

Otra posibilidad viene dada por el hecho de no dejar sobrepasar la potencia máxima como suma de todas las instalaciones, si bien al mismo tiempo generar un máximo de energía (kW-hora (trabajo)).Another possibility is given by the fact of not let the maximum power be exceeded as the sum of all facilities, while at the same time generating a maximum of energy (kW-hour (work)).

A tal respecto habría que saber que en caso de velocidades del viento pequeñas a moderadas del parque eólico, frecuentemente sucede que las instalaciones de energía eólica que están en los mejores emplazamientos (esos son los emplazamientos sobre los que actúa el viento en primer lugar dentro del parque eólico) reciben mucho viento. En caso de que ahora se regulen a la baja todas las instalaciones de energía eólica al mismo tiempo a su valor estrangulado (por ejemplo, todas a 520 kW), entonces, si bien esta potencia generada será alcanzada por algunas instalaciones de energía eólica dispuestas en los buenos emplazamientos, otras instalaciones de energía eólica que se encuentran en la ``sombra de viento'' de las instalaciones de energía eólica bien localizadas (en la segunda y tercera fila) tienen menos viento y trabajan, debido a ello, por ejemplo, sólo con 460 kW de potencia, y no alcanzan el valor de la potencia máxima estrangulada de 520 kW. La potencia total generada del parque eólico, según esto, está claramente por debajo de la potencia límite permitida de 5200 kW.In this regard, it should be known that in case of small to moderate wind speeds of the wind farm, it often happens that wind power facilities that they are in the best locations (those are the locations on which the wind acts first inside the park wind) receive a lot of wind. In case they are now regulated to the lowers all wind power facilities at the same time at strangled value (for example, all at 520 kW), then, although this generated power will be reached by some installations of wind power arranged in good locations, others wind power facilities that are in the `` shadow of wind '' from well-located wind power facilities (in the second and third row) they have less wind and work, due to this, for example, only with 460 kW of power, and not they reach the value of the maximum strangulated power of 520 kW. The total power generated from the wind farm, according to this, is clearly below the allowable power limit of 5200 kW

La regulación del parque eólico conforme a la invención regula, en este caso, cada una de las instalaciones individuales de tal manera que se ajuste el máximo rendimiento de energía posible. Esto significa, concretamente, que por ejemplo las instalaciones en la primera fila (es decir, en los buenos emplazamientos) se regulan a una potencia mayor, por ejemplo a la potencia nominal (es decir, no se produce estrangulamiento). Con esto se incrementa la potencia eléctrica total en el parque eólico. La regulación del parque, sin embargo, regula cada una de las instalaciones de tal manera que no se supere la máxima potencia de conexión eléctrica permitida, mientras que al mismo tiempo el trabajo generado (kWh) alcanza un valor máximo.The regulation of the wind farm according to the invention regulates, in this case, each of the facilities individual so that the maximum performance of possible energy. This means, specifically, that for example facilities in the first row (that is, in the good locations) are regulated at a higher power, for example at rated power (i.e. no strangulation occurs). With This increases the total electric power in the wind farm. The regulation of the park, however, regulates each of the installations in such a way that the maximum power of electrical connection allowed, while at the same time the generated work (kWh) reaches a maximum value.

La gestión del parque eólico conforme a la invención se puede ajustar de un modo sencillo a cada una de las situaciones que se pueden dar. Así pues, por ejemplo, se puede llevar a cabo de un modo muy sencillo otra estrangulación de la potencia de las instalaciones individuales, en caso de que una o varias instalaciones del parque eólico sean retiradas de la red (hayan de ser retiradas), bien sea por razones de mantenimiento o por otras razones, una instalación individual o varias hayan de ser cerradas provisionalmente.The management of the wind farm according to the invention can be adjusted in a simple way to each of the situations that can occur. So, for example, you can carry out in a very simple way another strangulation of the power of individual installations, in case one or several wind farm facilities are removed from the network (must be removed), either for maintenance reasons or for other reasons, an individual installation or several must be provisionally closed.

Para el control/regulación del parque eólico o de cada una de las instalaciones, es posible usar un dispositivo de tratamiento de datos / de control, que esté unido con las entradas de datos de las instalaciones, y que determine a partir de los datos de la velocidad del viento determinados (por cada instalación), el valor de estrangulación de la potencia adecuado en cada caso para cada una de las instalaciones o para todo el parque eólico.For the control / regulation of the wind farm or of each of the facilities, it is possible to use a device data processing / control, which is linked to the inputs of facilities data, and determined from the determined wind speed data (for each installation), the throttle value of the appropriate power in each case for each of the facilities or for the entire park wind.

La figura 1 muestra en un diagrama de bloque, el control de una instalación de energía eólica por medio de un microprocesador \muP, que está unido con un dispositivo ondulador (PWR), mediante el que se puede alimentar una corriente alterna de varias fases en una red de distribución. El microprocesador dispone de una entrada para la introducción de potencia P, una entrada para la introducción de un factor de potencia (cos \varphi), así como de una entrada para la introducción del gradiente de potencia (dP / dt).Figure 1 shows in a block diagram, the control of a wind power installation by means of a microprocessor [muP], which is connected to a corrugating device (PWR), whereby an alternating current of several phases in a distribution network. The microprocessor has of an input for the introduction of power P, an input for the introduction of a power factor (cos \ varphi), as well as of an input for the introduction of the power gradient (dP / dt).

El dispositivo ondulador, compuesto por un rectificador, un circuito intermedio de corriente continua y un ondulador, está unido con el generador de una instalación de energía eólica, y recibe de éste la variable del número de revoluciones por minuto generadas por el generador, es decir, dependiendo del número de revoluciones por minuto del rotor de la instalación de energía eólica.The undulating device, consisting of a rectifier, an intermediate circuit of direct current and a inverter, is connected to the generator of an installation of wind energy, and receives from it the variable of the number of revolutions per minute generated by the generator, that is, depending on the number of revolutions per minute of the rotor of the wind power installation.

La concepción representada en la figura sirve para la explicación de cómo la potencia entregada por una instalación de energía eólica puede limitarse en su valor a un valor máximo posible de alimentación de red.The conception represented in the figure serves for the explanation of how the power delivered by a wind power installation can be limited in value to a maximum possible power supply value.

La figura 2 muestra la representación principal de un parque eólico, compuesto por, por ejemplo, tres instalaciones de energía eólica 1, 2 y 3, desde las cuales (mirado desde la dirección del viento) dos de ellas están una junto a la otra, y la tercera está colocada detrás de las dos primeras. Puesto que cada una de las instalaciones de energía eólica dispone de una entrada de potencia para el ajuste de la potencia de cada una de las instalaciones (Fig. 1), es posible, a través de un dispositivo de tratamiento de datos mediante el que se controla todo el parque eólico, ajustar cada una de las potencias de cada una de las instalaciones de energía eólica en un valor deseado. En la figura 2, los mejores emplazamientos de las instalaciones de energía eólica son aquellos sobre los que incide el aire en primer lugar, es decir, las instalaciones 1 y 2.Figure 2 shows the main representation of a wind farm, consisting of, for example, three facilities of wind energy 1, 2 and 3, from which (viewed from the wind direction) two of them are next to each other, and the third is placed behind the first two. Since each one of the wind energy facilities has an entrance to power to adjust the power of each of the facilities (Fig. 1), it is possible, through a device data processing through which the entire park is controlled wind, adjust each of the powers of each of the wind power facilities at a desired value. In the figure 2, the best locations of energy facilities wind power are those on which the air strikes first, it is  say, facilities 1 and 2.

Claims (6)

1. Procedimiento para el funcionamiento de un parque eólico, compuesto por al menos dos instalaciones de energía eólica, en donde la potencia entregada por las instalaciones de energía eólica está limitada en su valor a una máxima potencia de alimentación de energía posible, que es menor que el máximo valor posible de la energía que se ha de entregar (valor nominal), y donde la máxima potencia de alimentación de energía posible se determina a través de la capacidad de recepción (capacidad de los conductores) de la red de distribución de energía a la que se alimenta la energía y/o a través de la capacidad de potencia de la unidad de transmisión de energía o del transformador mediante el que se alimenta a la red de distribución de energía la energía generada por la instalación de energía eólica.1. Procedure for the operation of a wind farm, consisting of at least two energy facilities wind power, where the power delivered by the facilities of wind power is limited in value to a maximum power of possible power supply, which is less than the maximum value possible energy to be delivered (nominal value), and where the maximum possible power supply power is determined at through reception capacity (driver capacity) of the power distribution network to which the energy is fed and / or through the power capacity of the transmission unit of power or of the transformer by means of which it is fed to the network of energy distribution the energy generated by the installation of wind power. 2. Parque eólico, compuesto por al menos dos instalaciones de energía eólica, con un máximo valor posible de la potencia que se ha de entregar (potencia nominal), que es mayor que la máxima potencia que se puede alimentar a la red de distribución de energía a la que está conectado el parque eólico, caracterizado porque esta máxima potencia de alimentación de energía posible se determina a través de la capacidad de recepción (capacidad de potencia) de la red de distribución de energía en la que está conectado el parque eólico y/o a través de la capacidad de potencia de la unidad de transmisión de energía o del transformador mediante el que se alimenta a la red de distribución de energía la energía generada por la instalación de energía eólica.2. Wind farm, consisting of at least two wind power installations, with a maximum possible value of the power to be delivered (nominal power), which is greater than the maximum power that can be fed to the distribution network of energy to which the wind farm is connected, characterized in that this maximum possible power supply power is determined through the reception capacity (power capacity) of the power distribution network in which the wind farm is connected and / or through the power capacity of the power transmission unit or the transformer by which the energy generated by the wind power installation is fed to the power distribution network. 3. Parque eólico según la reivindicación 2, caracterizado porque la potencia de al menos una o varias de las instalaciones de energía eólica, o de todas las instalaciones de energía eólica del parque eólico, se estrangula cuando se alcanza la máxima potencia de alimentación de energía posible.3. Wind farm according to claim 2, characterized in that the power of at least one or more of the wind power installations, or of all wind power installations of the wind farm, is throttled when the maximum power supply power is reached possible. 4. Parque eólico según una de las reivindicaciones 2 ó 3, caracterizado porque el estrangulamiento de la potencia para todas las instalaciones de energía eólica es igual de grande o es diferente.4. Wind farm according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the power throttling for all wind energy installations is equally large or different. 5. Parque eólico según una de las reivindicaciones 2 a 4, caracterizado porque al menos una instalación de energía eólica del parque eólico dispone de una entrada de datos, a través de la cual se puede regular la potencia eléctrica de la instalación de energía eólica en un intervalo de 0 a 100% de la potencia nominal respectiva, y porque se prevé un dispositivo de tratamiento de datos, que está unido con la entrada de datos y mediante el que se regula el valor de regulación en el intervalo de 0 a 100%, dependiendo de lo grande que sea la potencia que el parque eólico en su conjunto pone a disposición en su salida para la alimentación a una red de energía.5. Wind farm according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that at least one wind power installation of the wind farm has a data input, through which the electrical power of the wind power installation can be regulated in a range of 0 to 100% of the respective nominal power, and because a data processing device is provided, which is linked to the data input and by which the regulation value is regulated in the range of 0 to 100% , depending on how large the power that the wind farm as a whole makes available at its outlet for power to a power grid. 6. Parque eólico según una de las reivindicaciones precedentes, caracterizado porque las instalaciones de energía eólica que están expuestas al viento en primer lugar dentro del parque eólico se limitan en su potencia en menor medida que las instalaciones de energía eólica que están situadas en la dirección del viento por detrás de las instalaciones de energía eólica previamente mencionadas.6. Wind farm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wind power installations that are exposed to the wind firstly within the wind farm are limited in their power to a lesser extent than the wind power facilities that are located in the direction of the wind behind the wind power facilities previously mentioned.
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