ES2201883A1 - REVERSIBLE WATER RECHARGE CENTER. - Google Patents

Abstract

The source has two tanks, where one of the tanks is placed on round and the other tank is placed under the ground. A central repository turbine is attached with the former tank.

Description

Reversible central water recharge.

Technical sector to which the invention relates

Hydraulic and energetic

Prior art

The history of the reversible central of recharge are two:

1) Reversible river plants conventional, which require:

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a great unevenness between the upper reservoir and the reservoir downstream of the dam,

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suitable turbines for low flows and large slopes or jumps hydraulic,

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a river that is capable of feeding the reservoir, because this plant is built conditioned to the great unevenness (100-200 m.) between the upper reservoir and lower reservoir,

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proper machinery to govern the central.

2) The reversible central single deposit, which requires:

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a single deposit, with a small slope between the reservoir and the river,

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   a river abundant,

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pipe that a reservoir and river,

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alternator, turbine and other elements to govern the plant.

Explanation of the invention.

Both conventional reversible exchanges, as reversible single deposit exchanges have a common operation, which consists of:

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turbinate from the upper reservoir to lower reservoir - reversible case conventional - and, in the case of a single tank, turbinate from the deposit to the river, during hours of high energy consumption, when Energy is very expensive.

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pump from the tank inferior to the reservoir during the night, in hours of low consumption, in the case of being a conventional reversible central and from the river to  single deposit in the case of being a reversible central exchange only.

Conventional reversible centrals in their operation can stop fulfilling their work and is that, in times of great droughts the volume of water decreases due to the evaporation, which is why the plant cannot continue running nothing more than the water left in the reservoir and This means that the objectives for which they are met are not met. I build: get an economic benefit for the owner and Turn night energy into daytime. To the central reversible single deposit and reversible recharge do not affects the drought

A reversible central water recharge is similar to a conventional reversible or reversible central single deposit, but there are three very important features that differentiate them:

one.

To take advantage rivers, seas, large lakes and large reservoirs in there is no great difference between the terrain and the level of the fountain. This requires using suitable machinery for small hydraulic jumps and large flow rates to extract it power than a conventional reversible central and for more hours and, consequently, allows the owner of the plant Get a greater economic benefit.

two.

The central Reversible recharge is not affected by drought, times or periods of absence of rains and as a consequence decrease of water from rivers and reservoirs. Simply recharge the deposit bottom, by means of a pipe that joins the tank with the source, so that the plant recovers the water load lost by the  evaporation. Cleaning work will be limited to the number of times when the plant is recharged, in times of drought. The reversible central single deposit is also not affected by the drought because it is supplied by an inexhaustible source but, in this In this case, the cleaning work must be done every day.

3.

Being two deposits, one high, on the ground, and another low, dug in land and open sky, the economic benefit that is obtained is greater than in the case of a conventional reversible exchange or a reversible central single deposit.

The global economic benefit of a plant reversible with a single high tank and attached to the source by The middle of a pipe is governed by the formula:

B1 = c * vol * (H + d-yg)

The economic benefit for a plant Reversible recharge is:

B2 = c * vol * (H + d)

Where "c" is a coefficient that is calculated with the performance of the alternator turbine and the electric tariff corresponding to each moment,

"vol" is the same volume for each Deposit,

"H" is the height of the deposits,

"d" the uneven terrain,

"yg" is the height of the center of gravity of the deposit on the basis of each deposit, which is approximately half the height of the tank and, therefore, "B1" is approximately c * vol * (H + d-H / 2) = c * vol * (H / 2 + d),

"B2" is approximately c * (H + d) * vol; this is: "B2"> "B1". Then the benefit of the plant reversible water recharge is higher than the reversible of single deposit thanks to the excavated ground and sky deposit open.

This invention consists in drawing water from a sea, river or lake, henceforth source, which fills a reservoir (10) excavated on land and in the open. This deposit has a depth H + d, "H" being the vertical dimension of the tank and, "d", the unevenness created by the terrain. Filling or loading the  Lower tank closes the gate (13), insulating from this mode the source and the deposit, at which time we proceed to pump the water to the upper tank (3), in hours during which the energy is more economical (during the night), with which the water gains potential energy, energy that is converted the next day, in hours of heavy consumption and when energy is more expensive. Do not energy is gained but lost, but a profit is obtained economic for the difference in energy rates between the day and the night. When the water load decreases by evaporation, recharge the bottom tank with the source water, which is inexhaustible. With which the reversible central recharge represents another reservoir, but artificial, that works independently from the source.

Recharged the lower tank (10), it returns to start the previous cycle disconnecting the source (17).

The lower (10) and upper (3) deposits they will be constructed of materials resistant to the action of the type of water from the source (17).

In the event that the source is salt water, it is necessary to use Kaplan turbines (8) with its alternator corresponding special materials, to avoid large sea water aggressiveness. The material of the deposit must be geotextile or concrete materials.

In the event that the source is freshwater, can use Kaplan turbines, suitable for large flows and low slope to save between deposits 3 and 10, differentiating itself from conventional reversibles in that in a conventional the upper tank is a natural reservoir and the Lower tank is artificial, while in a reversible of Refill the two tanks (3 and 10) are artificial. The material The tank must be made of geotextile or concrete materials.

The plant also has a protection dam (2) to prevent the sea from destroying the plant in case of temporary and, in the case of being next to a river, prevent avalanches. The deposits (3 and 10) will be built in the shape of a pyramid trunk inverted, both being the same size: one dug in the ground open sky (10), at sea level, and another high (3) built on the ground, so that there will always be a slope "d", between the lower part of the tank and the upper part of the low deposit that will be at the same level as the source (although the tidal race is minimal). In this way the unevenness that has to save water, which constitutes the burden of central, will be for the purpose of calculation H + d, which earns more energy than when there is only one tank connected to the source. The tanks (3 and 10) are connected to each other by a pipe (5) with gates (4, 7 and 9) and a turbine in its lower part. In addition, the lower reservoir is connected to the source with a horizontal pipe (13) ending in a turret (16) with holes small enough to avoid accidents or the introduction into the pipeline of blunt objects that would cause A fault in the turbine. In the pipe (5) that joins the two tanks (3 and 10) there is a turbine (8) with alternator surrounded by two gates (7 and 9) and all within a booth (6). The front of the central overlooking the sea is covered with a mantle of breakwater (14) to resist the impact of the waves, in case of temporary. The rest of the dike (2) will be loaded with stones (stone heading) on its slopes to weigh more and to defend against the sea or of possible avalanches in rivers. The tank (3) is built with a layer of reinforced concrete on the inner walls, and the bottom of geotextile materials, on the dike (l), one of whose lateral matches the protection dam (2).

Description of the drawings

Figure l: Plan view of the plant.

Figure 2: Section AA of Figure 1 view of profile. "H" is the height of the tank and "d" the slope between the lower part of the upper tank (3) and the part upper tank lower (10).

Figures 1 and 2 contain the following elements:

1- Dam of compacted loose material. One of whose faces coincide with the dike number 2. The dike 1 is constructed on the ground, no need to dig. The material of this dike, like that of dike (2), is extracted from the excavation of the deposit (10). The dike (1) has a height in figure 2 "H", and the sides have a slope that for every meter that descends vertically advances two meters horizontally and is square.

2- Outside dike, called protection. In its face facing the sea (or facing the aggressive side of the fountain) has a double jetty mantle (14), and the other outer faces they are covered with a split stone mantle (which at the same time increases the weight of the dike and defends it from the water).

3- Upper tank, built with concrete and which has its support in dike 1.

4- Gate that has the mission to be open while pumping water from the lower tank. When has Once the tank filling process (3) is finished, the gate (4) and thus (emptying the pipe 5) does not gravitate on the turbine the weight of the water column, height "H + d".

5- Pipe connecting the tanks (3) and (10).

6- House that houses: the gates (7) and (9), the turbine (8) with its alternator. It also houses this booth: a room of controls from which all the elements that are controlled are controlled govern the elements contained in the pipe (5).

7- Gate that when it closes, isolates the turbine (8) of the upper tank (3).

8- Turbine with its corresponding alternator, inside the pipe (5).

9- Gate that, together with the gate (7), serves to isolate the turbine (8) and thus be able to access it to Maintenance and breakdowns.

10- Lower tank excavated on land and a open sky, made of concrete, to defend it from water. East tank is connected to the sea or source through the pipe horizontal (13).

11- Screen of metal sheet piles in the land, to defend the tank 10 from the water that is filtered by the land from the sea or source.

12- Gate that isolates the tank (10) of the pipe (13).

13- Horizontal pipe connecting the tank (10) With the sea or fountain. The pipe (13) begins in the tank (10) and it ends in the turret (16), in the sea or fountain.

14- Double blanket of breakwater to resist momentum of the waves in case there is a storm at sea. Whether it will be a mighty river or any other type of source in aggression situation (such as an avalanche) then it would be situated,  this mantle, on the side of aggression.

15- Gate whose mission is to isolate the section of the pipe (13) between this gate and the gate (12), in order to keep the sand clean of cited section (maintenance work).

16- Cylindrical turret with holes rectangular with a grid of square mesh, which has for mission to prevent people from entering the system and so Avoid an accident. Also that a blunt object (for example a root of a tree) is entered into the system. The holes rectangular with grid, will be separated throughout the lateral surface of the turret. Rectangular holes they will have a section of 30cm.x40cm ..

17- Sea or source.

Description of an embodiment

Figures 1 and 2 show a type of central in which for example can be set a tank height of 13 meters and a slope, "d", of zero, as well as a length of 300 meters deposit. The protection dam will be between 1.5 and 17 meters high depending on the type of fountain. If it's about from the North Sea it may be necessary to need levees of up to 15 meters If the type of fountain is a large lake with 1.5 meters of dike will be enough. In our example it will be a dike of 13 m. high with an upper base of 4 m. and one 56 m lower base. Inside and protecting them we will put deposits 3 and 10 of dimensions of 300 m. sideways for 13 m. from deep with lateral slopes that descend 1 m. for every 2 m. in horizontal that advances.

The object of this invention is to increase the profit or economic benefit that we get from pumping to the deposit superior in hours of low cost rate and turbinate in hours of high rate Thus a profit of 114104 pesetas will be obtained daily and an annual benefit of 41.64 million pta. Turret It will be 10 m. in diameter and will have 30cm holes. x 40cm with an inner grid of a grid of 10 cm. sideways. The The dike's front will be protected with a double jetty protect it from the aggressions of the sea or source.

Industrial application

The reversible central water recharge consists of two artificial deposits that are located near a source with an inexhaustible characteristic due to the high amount of carrying water, which characterizes the reversible central of water recharge Consisting of two deposits isolated from the source and due to the characteristic fact of being small slopes, the economic benefit increases with the height of the deposit, as well as with the "d" slope.

Claims (2)

1. Reversible water recharge plant characterized by:

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two deposits artificial of identical dimensions: one excavated in the open sky and another, higher, placed on a dike that is at least 10 m. from the upper edge of the excavation of the lower deposit, in horizontal.

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protection dam that surrounds the two deposits, of a height that can oscillate between 1.5 m. and the 17 m. high, depending on the aggressiveness from the source.

2. Reversible water recharge plant according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a tube that joins the tank excavated on the ground with the turret, at the source, resulting in the plant operating independently of the source where the plant is recharged only for compensate the volume of evaporated water.