ES2242855T3 - REFRIGERATION ELEMENT TO REFRIGERATE A METAL OVEN. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a cooling element for cooling a metallurgical furnace, in which the side of the furnace shell (113, 213, 313) that faces the interior of the furnace (Oi) is lined with fireproof material (114, 214, 314). Said element has a cooling part (2, 102, 202, 302) and a heating part that is cooled by thermal conduction (4, 104, 204, 304), and allows a protective layer against further clinker ("freeze-line") to form immediately in operating mode. The entire heating part consists only of a thin plate (5, 105, 205, 305), to which a separate cooling part (2, 102, 202, 302) is allocated on the cold side in the form of a pipe. The invention also relates to corresponding cooling systems and to a melting furnace.

Description

Cooling element to cool a metallurgical furnace

The invention relates to an element of cooling to cool a metallurgical furnace, especially the slag zone and / or the metal zone of this furnace, so that the fire shell is provided with fire retardant material on the side directed to the interior space of the oven, and the element of cooling comprises a cold part through which medium flows from refrigeration, which presents a feeding and an evacuation of cooling medium, as well as a hot part cooled by a conduction of heat, so that the hot part of the element cooling in the mounted state ends flush with the side front of the flame retardant material that goes to the interior space of the oven. In addition, the invention relates to a system for the cooling of a metallurgical furnace consisting of at least one of these cooling elements, as well as a melting furnace equipped with such a system.

This type of metallurgical furnaces are used in the manufacture of non-ferrous metals and raw iron. To do this employ round or rectangular ovens in which energy necessary is applied by self-cooking electrodes of the type Söderberg. In many cases, the casting process begins by applying energy through a voltaic arc that turns on freely, which, after forming a spongy scum, You enter it. When the electrodes are introduced into the conductive liquid slag, the emitted energy is transmitted by complete to the metal bath by resistance heating of the scum. In other cases, only part of the energy to the metal bath by resistance heating of the scum. The transmission of energy is achieved by small voltaic arcs that form between the electrodes and the surrounding column ("brush arcing"). In both cases, there is a hot and liquid slag of approximately 1,400 at 1,700 ° C, which circulates in the oven container because of the effects Thermal and magnetic. The thermal circulation is stimulated especially by upward pushing forces caused by density changes due to cooling in the wall of oven.

Through this slag circulation to the oven wall, and also due to the chemical attack caused by the slag, especially wear on the oven wall high of the flame retardant material with which the furnace is coated fusion. This wear only occurs in the stopped state when, With the heat load provided, the furnace wall of Flame retardant material is so well cooled that on its hot side, it is that is, the side that goes into the oven is formed a crust of solidified slag. A scab of this type is known under the concept "freeze line". Slag layer solidified protects the flame retardant material from erosion or corrosion additional slag and therefore is a protective layer desired. The higher the melting power of the oven and, with this, the heat fluxes to be evacuated, the thinner the thickness Remaining wall of fire retardant material.

Higher power densities of cast iron (kW / m2 surface area) especially when in Existing furnaces should be increased power input electricity to increase productivity but, for cost reasons, the floor area must not be increased accordingly. In addition to the re-equipment of existing ovens, the problem arises also in the case of new ovens that are going to be constructed and must have a higher power density in Comparison with known furnaces.

To generate or configure in the thickest way possible this protective layer (freeze-line) despite of high heat fluxes, from the conference report "Furnace Cooling Design for Modern High-Intensity Pyrometallurgical Processes ", from Copper 99-Copper 99 Interbational Conference, vol. V, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1999 by N. Voermann, F. Ham, J. Merry, R. Veenstra and K. Hutchinson have to let go of using bodies of Cooled copper on the oven's fireproof wall. Besides called "fingers" and "plate coolers", it especially proposes the use of so-called refrigerators "waffle coolers". These "waffle coolers" refrigerators they are bodies in the form of plates made of copper with tubes built-in that are equipped on its hot side with grooves and dovetail ribs. In these slots you they introduce bricks of fire retardant material or masses are rammed of flame retardant material. The cooling effect of the ribs in "waffle coolers" refrigerators it causes that when entering direct contact the flame retardant material with the liquid slag is form the desired "freeze line" protection. While this type of refrigerators "waffle coolers" advantageously assume a support function, as a disadvantage has a high weight, as well as the high manufacturing costs that result from it.

The "fingers" and "refrigerators of plates "are described by D. Tisdale, D. Brian, R. Sriram and R. McMeekin, in "Upgrading Falconbridge's No. 2 furnace crucible", published in "Challenges in Process Intensification", Montreal PQ, Canada, Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, 1996. By "fingers" are understood copper pipes with a section round cross. However, it is shown as a difficulty the incorporate these tubes into the parallelepiped shaped bricks of flame retardant material. This disadvantage is not presented by known plate coolers. However, these, like that the fingers should be heavy and solid since their dimensions are determined by the diameter of the holes that they run inside them for cooling water, which It makes manufacturing expensive. Fingers, refrigerators of irons and waffle coolers in the state again they do not cross the entire thickness of the fire retardant wall of the oven, but they still require a wall in front of their front wall because of the oven side. In addition, they are not connected to the outer wall of the oven, the so-called "shell", which avoids a compression by the different thermal expansion of the wall Flame retardant and armor.

From E. Granberg, G. Carlsson, "Development of a device for cooling of the safety-zone in the electric arc furnace", exhibited and published in the 3rd European Electric Steel Congress , 2-4 October 1989 Bournemouth, cooling elements are known for the safety zone in electric melting furnaces for the manufacture of steel whose action is based on the heat transport from the hot side of the interior of the oven to a cooling medium outside the shell of the oven.

The document US-A-1724098 discloses a cooling plate for Cuba furnaces equipped with flame retardant coating, which is made of copper with channels arranged for the cooling medium and equipped with ribs of copper planes cooled by thermal conduction and directed inside the oven.

The document DE-A-2924991 unveils a Refrigerated oven wall element that is made up of several pressure tubes connected to each other for passage through the medium of refrigeration, which are endowed in the directed vertices inside the oven with heat conductors in the form of nerves Iron flat soldiers.

The molten copper cooling element comprises a water-cooled junction piece in which they are comb-shaped several solid shaped refrigerators of iron. Between the plate coolers there are arranged flame retardant material. The connecting piece is arranged outside the oven shell. The thickness and central separation of the Plate-shaped refrigerators can be modified. In this solution is disadvantageous the fact that, in case of a configuration with thin plate-shaped refrigerators, the load on the hot side becomes very large, coupled with the risk of the oxidation of copper and a loss of thermal conductivity, while in the case of a refrigerator configuration in shape of thick plates increase the costs of materials and the consequence is an asymmetric cooling.

Accordingly, the invention is based on the objective of facilitating a cooling element, as well as a cooling system for a metallurgical furnace which, avoiding disadvantages cited above, present a hot side that in the operating state immediately forms a protection freeze-line In addition, an oven must be provided which, when equipped with such a system, present a high mechanical stability

This objective is achieved through an element of cooling with the features of claim 1, refrigeration systems with the characteristics of claims 8 and 9, as well as by an oven with the characteristics according to claims 15 and 16. In the dependent claims are disclosed perfections advantageous

According to the invention it is proposed that the whole part hot is configured as a (single) iron, and on its side cold, that is, on its opposite side to the inside of the oven, to the iron is associated with a (single) independent cold part equipped with power and evacuation of cooling medium, so that the cold part is a tube and the iron is placed in the tube with its opposite side to the interior of the oven, inseparably, of parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tube.

Unlike in known solutions, it forms a cooling element from a single iron in which has a cold part separated and independent of others cooling elements This way you get a relationship adequate surface of the hot part with respect to the surface of the cold part, in addition to good properties of refrigeration. Therefore, in the operating state it is formed directly on the hot side of the cooling element, it is say, on the front side of the flame retardant material that goes to the inside the oven, as well as on the front side of the iron, Quickly a protective layer or freeze-line.

The union is achieved through a connection complete, preferably by welding, to ensure a Good heat transport. Advantageously, the element of cooling consists of a copper plate and a copper tube and, in this case, of pieces of a standard measure that are available in stock, which considerably reduces costs of material and, above all, treatment costs. In general, it creates a reliable and cost-effective cooling element which can be used in multiple cases. It is also especially advantageous than the components used (iron, tube), due to its type of manufacturing (laminate, extrusion) do not present a thick grain foundry structure but a structure fine grain uniform. This implies better properties of thermal conductivity, as well as a reduced tendency to formation and extension of cracks.

Preferably, the iron is configured very thin, in the sense of a sheet. The thickness of the plates is preferably in the range of 10 to 40 mm, preferably from 20 to 40 mm.

To avoid warping of the plate or thin sheet due to a different thermal expansion along the plate surface, it is proposed to make indentations in the plate or sheet perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube refrigeration. Due to the separation in iron strips independent individuals and, in addition, due to the reduced thickness, achieves a flexible adaptation to the dilation movements of the flame retardant material. This also has the special advantage of being prevents the formation of insulating air interstices between the material Fire retardant or fire retardant wall and iron.

The separations between the slits are applied preferably evenly. Separations of approximately 100 to 400 mm with groove widths of 2-5 mm

In the case of cooling systems proposed, the following types may result: cooling according to type I, with cooling elements arranged vertically whose cold part or tube is arranged outside the oven shell; cooling system according to Type II, with cooling elements arranged vertically whose cold part or tube is arranged inside the oven shell; cooling system according to type III with elements of horizontally arranged refrigeration whose cold part or tube it is arranged outside the oven shell; system of cooling according to type IV with cooling elements arranged horizontally whose cold part or tube is arranged inside the oven shell.

The cooling systems are designed in function of foundry power density and separation of the electrodes with respect to the oven wall and, specifically, selecting the geometry of the plates and / or the separation between the hot side and the cold part and / or the separation of the irons with each other. In relation to plate coolers known, the hot part plate is set thin. The separation between the hot side and the cold side, that is, the tube, is relatively short. Preferably, the iron has a quadrangular geometry.

In these cooling systems, the separation vertical or horizontal of the cooling elements with respect to its next adjacent cooling element is sized as flame retardant material corresponding to the multiple or a multiple of the bricks height or width format flame retardant This has the advantage, in the case of the provision horizontal, that the number of cooling elements arranged on top of each other can be flexibly adapted from the height of the slag zone or the metal zone. Are suppressed the cutting works of fireproof bricks; expense is reduced mounting

Preferably, it is proposed to connect the cooling elements of a series cooling system one behind the other by the water side, so that the evacuation of the cooling medium of a cooling element is linked to the supply of an element's cooling medium of adjacent cooling, if necessary, by means of a tube rigid connection or flexible connection tubes. The number of cooling elements that can be connected in series about behind others depends on the quality of the cooling water available and / or the maximum allowed water temperature of refrigeration.

The furnace construction, especially the wall of the oven, it must be adapted, according to the invention, to the systems individual refrigeration and its peculiarities. For a Type III cooling system is proposed a furnace round or rectangular cast iron whose shell is shaped folded in the cooling zone towards the interior of the oven and screen screens to support the upper area of the part of the oven that now stands out. This construction of the furnace shell gets the weakening of its ability to mechanical load due to the horizontal grooves necessary for the cooling elements are compensated with a separation relatively small vertical

In the horizontal arrangement, they are applied in the Oven shell slits with a length corresponding to the horizontal expansion of the cooling element. The height of the slits are selected in this case advantageously from so that the corresponding cooling element can withstand the inevitable thermal expansion of the flame retardant material without be hindered in this movement by the upper edge or bottom of the slit. Therefore, it is a height relatively large cleft.

In the cooling system according to type IV only openings should be applied in relation to type III smaller and, with it, smaller weakening points, in the furnace shell for the intake and evacuation circuits of the cooling medium of the cold part or tube. In the case of this solution, only the static load capacity of The shell of the oven. However, an increase in the load capacity by displaced arrangement about to other cooling elements arranged one above others.

Type I and II refrigeration systems are Consider especially for round ovens. The geometry of the plates, specifically their length, are preferably adapted to the height of the slag area. In type I, in which the iron of the hot part extends through the furnace shell and the cold part or tube is outside the shell of the oven, a oven shell with weakened stability due to vertical grooves can be reinforced mechanically by ribs or rings to absorb peripheral stresses from thermal expansion of the flame retardant material, so which guarantees that the vertical indentations in the shell of the oven allow free movement of the cooling elements integrated into the flame retardant material, especially upwards.

Other particularities and advantages of the invention they follow from the dependent claims and the following description in which the forms of embodiment of the invention shown in the figures. In this case, in addition to the combinations of exposed features previously, they are also essential for the invention isolated features or in other combinations. They show:

Figure 1, a side view of a detail of a cooling element proposed according to the invention which is It consists of an iron and a tube;

Figure 2, a cross section of the element cooling according to figure 1 along the line A-A;

Figure 3, a vertical section through a oven wall with integrated cooling system type III and shaped oven shell;

Figure 4, a horizontal section B-B through an oven wall with a system cooling according to figure 3;

Figure 5, a vertical section through a furnace wall with type IV cooling system integrated;

Figure 6, a horizontal section B-B through an oven wall with a system cooling according to figure 5;

Figure 7, the representation of a system of cooling according to type IV, so that the elements of refrigeration that are arranged over each other are arranged displaced;

Figure 8, a vertical section through a furnace wall with cooling system type I integrated.

Figure 1 shows a detail of an element 1 of cooling that consists of a cold part 2 through which it flows through a cooling medium, for example, water from cooling, in the form of a tube 3 with a diameter d_ {i} interior and wall thickness d_ {w}, as well as a part 4 hot cooled only by thermal conduction. The hot part 4 which, therefore, is not crossed by water from cooling, it consists of a thin copper plate 5, which he will name in the successive "copper plate". Tube 3 too It is made of copper and corresponds to a standard measure or normalized copper pipes. The copper plate is welded with its longitudinal side 6 of the cold side to the lining 7 of the tube parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tube and, starting from side 8 hot, it is equipped with slits 9 which, in the case of the shape of embodiment shown, extend to junction 10 of welding. The heat of the space O_ {i} inside the oven that it hits the hot side 8 it comes off by driving thermal through the copper plate to tube 3 and, here, to the middle of cooling flowing through the tube 3. The complete connection which allows a thermal transport without disturbances between the sheet copper and tube 3, here in the form of solder joint 10, is It also clarifies in Figure 2. The copper plate is configured as relatively thin form, preferably between 20 to 40 mm. From advantageously, a copper sheet of a size is also used normalized In combination with the grooves 9 a sheet is flexible copper that allows high thermal transport and, at At the same time, it can withstand thermal expansion of the material flame retardant

Figure 3 shows the layout of a plurality of cooling elements 101 to form a system of refrigeration. In the type III refrigeration system (11), shown here, the cooling elements 101 are arranged horizontally, that is, the hot part 104 configured as copper plate is incorporated into the wall 112 of the furnace of such so that the planar plane extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the oven.

The oven wall 112 is made up of the shell 113 of the oven and of flame retardant material 114 with which the oven is equipped on its side directed to the interior O_ {i} of the oven. In the way of embodiment shown here, the furnace shell 113 is coated with 115 fire bricks of a certain height H_ {F} and are filled with fireproof mass 116 rammed into bricks 115 flame retardant The individual cooling elements 101 are arranged in the cooling zone such that side 108 Hot plate 105 thin copper or copper plate, it is that is, the front side exposed directly to the atmosphere of the oven, in a mounted state ends flush with the front side 117 of the fireproof bricks 115 directed to the interior space O_ {i} of the oven, that is, no flame retardant material is needed before from the front side of the copper plates.

The cooling elements 101 are arranged in this embodiment on top of each other with a separation of two fireproof bricks 115, so that the lining is held in each case in shell 113 of the oven by an anchor element 118 of the brick. Thanks to its shape structural and available among fireproof bricks, the cooling elements are largely self-supporting, which saves elements of fixation.

The copper pipes 103 assigned to each sheet of individual copper forming a cooling channel 119 are arranged outside shell 113 of the oven. At the end of each of the tubes 103 are provided sections 120, 121 of tube or transitions to feeds 122 of cooling medium or evacuations 123 of cooling medium, see also Figure 4. Together, by the appropriate relationship of the surface of part 104 hot to the surface of part 102 cold of the individual cooling elements 101 along on the hot side of the shell, a layer of protection or freeze-line 124 (only one is shown freeze-line protection section). This way, the remaining wall thickness of the fireproof bricks 115 not attacked by erosion is large.

Since the copper pipes 103 of the individual cooling elements 101 are arranged outside the shell 113 of the oven, openings 125 or corresponding grooves are applied to the shell 113 of the oven that are somewhat longer than the length of the sheet metal. copper and whose height H _ \ ddot {O} must not be too low so that the copper plate is not obstructed during the movements of the flame retardant bricks 115 in the opening 125 of the groove. To compensate for the weakening of the furnace shell 113 caused by the opening, the furnace shell 113 in the cooling zone formed by the cooling system 11, which can approximately correspond to the slag zone, is configured domed inwards (see Figure 3). The forces of parts of the furnace structure 126 that are arranged above and acting on the furnace shell 113 are captured by bulkheads 127 or are additionally directed towards
down.

The metal zone that follows next by below the slag area can also be configured with a refrigeration system 11 of this type or, as shown here, with a 128 irrigation cooling that acts from outside in the shell 113 of the oven. To do this, the shell 113 of the oven is coated on its side opposite the interior of the oven in such a way that it forms an intermediate space 129. The cooling water is supplied by means of a feeding tube 130 to the intermediate space 129, of so that it sprinkles along the outer side of the shell 113 from the oven.

The arrangement of screen plates 127 mentioned above is clarified especially in figure 4, the which shows a horizontal cut through system 11 of cooling shown in figure 3 on the wall 112 of an oven of fusion along the B-B line. The length of copper pipes 103, which can acquire values between one meter and several meters, or also less than one meter, corresponds approximately to the length of the copper plate.

The type of cooling system III (11), described above, with copper pipes that are arranged on the outside The furnace shell is especially used in melting furnaces which are equipped with fire retardant material, which, in case of high temperatures, reacts with water, such as, for example, oxide of magnesium. If an arrangement of conductive pipes of cooling water inside the oven shell, a cooling element system according to type IV (12), which It is shown in detail in Figures 5 and 6. Figure 5 shows a vertical section through a wall 212 of the oven, while that figure 6 shows a horizontal section.

Copper pipes 203 with channel 219 cooling of cooling elements 201 are arranged inside the rammed fire retardant mass 216 that lies between the shell 213 of the oven and the fireproof bricks 215. As in the case of the cooling system according to type III (11), the 205 plates or thin copper plates are arranged between the 215 individual fire retardant bricks. The shell 213 of the oven is provides openings 225 for passage through the two sections 220, 221 of tube for the corresponding feeding 222 of medium cooling and the corresponding evacuation 223 of means of cooling of each of the copper pipes 203. Although in the case of this cooling system 12 the shell 213 of the oven is weakens much less, sheet screens 227 can be provided for increase stability (see figure 6), which extend in the cold side of the shell 213 of the oven in container 230 of the oven.

In addition, in the case of a cooling system Type IV (12) achieves an increase in stability through an offset arrangement of the layers of elements 201 of refrigeration arranged on top of each other, which is shown in Figure 7. Figure 7 shows, seen from the cold side of the Oven shell, a type IV refrigeration system (12) with copper pipes 203 that are arranged within elements 201 of refrigeration arranged horizontally on top of each other a First, second, third and fourth level. Through a channel 231 Common water enters cooling water, through the 220 sections of inlet tube protruding through corresponding openings in the oven shell, in tubes 203 copper of the first level cooling elements 201 or lower level to exit again through sections 221 corresponding outlet pipe. However, in the case of the embodiment shown here, the cooling water does not come out immediately but is transported by a tube 232 of connection that is arranged inside, also embedded in the mass fireproof rammed, to sections 220 of tube inlet pipe 203 copper of the cooling elements 201 of the following highest level. This transport of cooling water is continued until it has passed through the copper pipes 203 of the cooling elements 201 of the fourth level or upper level and the cooling water exits through sections 221 of tube outlet and circuits 223 of evacuation of cooling water in a common recirculation channel to be conducted from there to a cooling system by cooling water (no shown).

Refrigeration systems according to type III (11) and IV (12) are especially used in quadrangular furnaces, while refrigeration systems according to type I and II are especially used in the case of round furnaces. A vertical section of the cooling elements of a system according to type I (13) is shown in Figure 8. In this type of cooling system, the cooling elements 301 are arranged in such a way on the wall of the oven that flat of the plates 305 or the longitudinal axis of the copper pipes 303 run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the furnace. The cold part 302 or the copper tube 303 of each of the cooling elements 301 is outside the shell 313 of the oven. The length of the copper plates preferably corresponds to the height of the slag area. The grooves of the copper plate are indicated with 309. To mount the cooling elements 301, openings 325 or narrow but elongated grooves in the vertical direction are applied to the shell 313 of the oven. The shell 313 of the oven is preferably reinforced by ribs or
rings 335a, b.

Claims (17)

1. Cooling element for cooling a metallurgical furnace, in which the shell (113, 213, 313) of the furnace is provided on the side directed to the interior space (O_) of the furnace with material (114, 214 , 314) fire retardant, comprising a cold part (2, 102, 202, 302) through which it flows through cooling means, which has a supply (122, 222, 322) of cooling medium and an evacuation (123 , 223, 323) of cooling medium, as well as a hot part (4, 104, 204, 304) cooled by thermal conduction, so that the hot part of the cooling element in the assembled state ends flush with the side (117 ) front of the fire-retardant material (114, 214, 314) that goes to the interior space (O_) of the oven, characterized in that the whole hot part is configured as an iron (5, 105, 205, 305) and because it is plate (5, 105, 205, 305) is associated on the cold side to a part (2, 102, 202, 302) cold indepe ndiente, so that the cold part is a tube (3, 103, 203, 303) and the iron (5, 105, 205, 305) is placed with its opposite side to the inside (O_) of the oven so inseparable in the tube (3, 103, 203, 303) parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tube. 2. Cooling element according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate (5, 105, 205, 305) is placed in the tube (3, 103, 203, 303) with a total joint. 3. Cooling element according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the plate (5, 105, 205, 305) has a thickness of 10 to 40 mm, preferably 20 to 40 mm. 4. Cooling element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the plate (5, 105, 205, 305) has grooves (9, 309) that run perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube (3, 103, 203 , 303) which, starting from the side of the plate not connected with the tube, are applied to the plate in the direction of the tube. 5. The cooling element according to claim 4, characterized in that the separations of the slits (9, 309) are homogeneous and the slits (9, 309) extend to the tube (3, 103, 203, 303). 6. The cooling element according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the tube (3, 103, 203, 303) has a length of one meter to several meters. 7. Cooling element according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that both the plate (5, 105, 205, 305) that forms the hot part, as well as the tube (3, 103, 203, 303) that forms the Cold part are made of copper or other thermal conductive material. 8. System for cooling a metallurgical furnace with at least one cooling element according to one of claims 1 to 7, so that the shell (113, 213) of the furnace is provided with flame retardant material (114, 214) on its directed side to the interior space (O_) of the oven, and so that the corresponding cooling element comprises a cold part (102, 202) through which it flows through cooling means, which has a supply (122, 222) of cooling medium and an evacuation (123, 223) of cooling medium, as well as a hot part (104, 204) cooled by thermal conduction, and so that the hot part of the cooling element in the assembled state ends flush with the front side (117) of the flame retardant material (114, 214) directed to the interior space of the oven, characterized in that the hot part configured as a single plate (105, 205) is mounted on the wall (112) of the oven formed by the shell ( 113, 213) of the oven and the flame retardant material (114, 214), so that the plane of the plates extends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the oven (horizontal arrangement). 9. System for cooling a metallurgical furnace with at least one cooling element according to one of claims 1 to 7, so that the furnace shell (313) is provided with flame retardant material (314) on its side directed to the space (O_ {i}) inside the oven, and so that the corresponding cooling element comprises a cold part (302) through which it passes through cooling means, which has a supply (322) of cooling means and an evacuation ( 323) of cooling medium, as well as a hot part (304) cooled by thermal circulation, and so that the hot part of the cooling element in the assembled state ends flush with the front side of the flame retardant material directed to the interior space of the oven , characterized in that the hot part configured as a single plate (305) is mounted on the wall of the oven formed by the shell (314) of the oven and the flame retardant material (314) in such a way that the Flat plate extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the oven (vertical arrangement). 10. System according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the cold part (202), crossed by means of cooling, of the corresponding cooling element (201) is arranged on the side directed to the interior (Oi) of the oven the shell (213) of the oven. 11. System according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the cold part (102, 302), crossed by means of cooling, is arranged on the side of the shell (113, 313) of the oven opposite the interior (O_ {i}} ) from the oven. 12. System according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the geometry of the plates (105, 205, 305) and / or the separation between the hot side (108) and the cold part (102) and / or the separation of the plates (105, 205, 305) of each other of the cooling elements are designed correspondingly to the melt power density. 13. System according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the separation of the plates (105, 205, 305) of adjacent cooling elements (101, 201, 301) is sized as a flame retardant material corresponding to the multiple or a multiple of the height format (H_ {F}) or the width format of the fire bricks (115, 215). 14. System according to one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the evacuation of the cooling medium from a cooling element is connected to the cooling medium supply of an adjacent cooling element (201). 15. Melting furnace with a system according to claims 8 and 11 for cooling the slag zone and / or metal zone with at least one cooling element according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, in the arrangement horizontal, several layers of cooling elements (101) forming a cooling zone and, in an arrangement of the cold part (102) crossed by means of cooling, on the side of the shell (113) of the oven opposite the interior ( O_ {i}) of the oven, the shell (113) of the oven is configured displaced in this cooling zone in the direction of the interior space (O_ {) of the oven, and because by a sheet structure, especially by means of plates (127 ) of screen, is protected for the additional conduction of vertical forces above the cooling zone. 16. Melting furnace with a system according to claims 9 and 11 for cooling the slag zone and / or metal zone with at least one cooling element according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in case of vertical arrangement of several cooling elements (301) forming a cooling zone, and in case of an arrangement of the cold part (302) through which it flows through cooling means on the side of the shell (313) of the oven opposite the interior (O_) of the oven, the shell (313) of the oven is reinforced by ribs (335a, b) or rings. 17. Melting furnace according to claim 15 or 16, characterized by a round furnace (O_R) or a rectangular furnace (O_ {Re}) to produce non-ferrous metals or raw iron or by an arc furnace to produce steel.