ES2245016T3 - Defensa para barcos. - Google Patents

Defensa para barcos.

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Publication number
ES2245016T3
ES2245016T3 ES98307729T ES98307729T ES2245016T3 ES 2245016 T3 ES2245016 T3 ES 2245016T3 ES 98307729 T ES98307729 T ES 98307729T ES 98307729 T ES98307729 T ES 98307729T ES 2245016 T3 ES2245016 T3 ES 2245016T3
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
rubber
bumper
plate
marine
synthetic resin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
ES98307729T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
N. c/o Yokohama Plant Bridgestone Corp Yamaguchi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bridgestone Corp
Original Assignee
Bridgestone Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bridgestone Corp filed Critical Bridgestone Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2245016T3 publication Critical patent/ES2245016T3/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02BHYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/20Equipment for shipping on coasts, in harbours or on other fixed marine structures, e.g. bollards
    • E02B3/26Fenders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/022Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping
    • B29C66/0224Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping with removal of material
    • B29C66/02245Abrading, e.g. grinding, sanding, sandblasting or scraping
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/5326Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73751General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B59/00Hull protection specially adapted for vessels; Cleaning devices specially adapted for vessels
    • B63B59/02Fenders integral with waterborne vessels or specially adapted therefor, e.g. fenders forming part of the hull or incorporated in the hull; Rubbing-strakes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/712General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7316Surface properties
    • B29C66/73161Roughness or rugosity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2021/00Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • B29K2023/0658PE, i.e. polyethylene characterised by its molecular weight
    • B29K2023/0683UHMWPE, i.e. ultra high molecular weight polyethylene
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/24Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped crosslinked or vulcanised
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B2231/00Material used for some parts or elements, or for particular purposes
    • B63B2231/40Synthetic materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B2231/00Material used for some parts or elements, or for particular purposes
    • B63B2231/40Synthetic materials
    • B63B2231/42Elastomeric materials
    • B63B2231/44Rubber
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/30Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation in transportation, e.g. on roads, waterways or railways

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

UNA PROTECCION MARITIMA (1) TIENE UNA ELEVADA COHESION ENTRE UNA PLACA DE RESINA SINTETICA DE ALTO DESLIZAMIENTO, COMO UNA PLACA DE POLIETILENO DE PESO MOLECULAR ULTRA-ELEVADO (4), Y UN ELEMENTO DE PROTECCION DE CAUCHO (2), Y TIEMPO DE VIDA MUY LARGO DE LA PLACA DE RESINA SINTETICA DE ALTO DESLIZAMIENTO. SE SUELDAN PREVIAMENTE ENTRE SI, LA PLACA DE RESINA SINTETICA DE ALTO DESLIZAMIENTO (4) Y LA CAPA DE CAUCHO. SE SUELDAN ENTRE SI POR VULCANIZADO LA RESINA SINTETICA DE ALTO DESLIZAMIENTO CON LA CAPA DE CAUCHO, Y EL ELEMENTO DE PROTECCION DE CAUCHO. DE ESTA MANERA, SE REALIZA LA PROTECCION MARITIMA.

Description

Defensa para barcos.
La presente invención se refiere a un parachoques marino que comprende una placa de resina sintética con propiedad de deslizamiento superior sobre la superficie exterior del parachoques. El parachoques marino de acuerdo con el preámbulo a la reivindicación 1 está descrito en el documento GB 2 088 524 A.
Los ejemplos utilizados como parachoques marinos para absorber un impacto cuando se atraca un barco en el muelle incluyen un parachoques marino que comprende un elemento de parachoques de caucho y una placa de polietileno de peso molecular ultra-alto (UHMW-siglas en inglés) dispuestos en por lo menos una parte de las superficies del elemento de parachoques de caucho.
Convencionalmente, el parachoques marino comprende el elemento de caucho y la placa de polietileno de peso molecular ultra-alto (UHMW-siglas en inglés) que está sujeta al elemento de parachoques de caucho mediante pernos de tal manera que la cabeza de cada perno está situada dentro de la concavidad formada en la placa de polietileno de peso molecular ultra-alto (UHMW-siglas en inglés). La razón porque la cabeza del perno está situada dentro de la concavidad consiste en el hecho de que se intenta prevenir que el casco del barco entre en contacto directo con la cabeza del perno. Sin embargo, la placa de polietileno de peso molecular ultra-alto (UHMW-siglas en inglés) se nivela con la cabeza del perno debido al desgaste de la superficie del polietileno de peso molecular ultra-alto (UHMW-siglas en inglés). En tal caso, el casco del barco entra directamente en contacto con la cabeza del perno y por lo tanto queda dañado.
En el documento JPA 5-59711 está descrito un parachoques marino que comprende un elemento de parachoques de caucho y un film de polietileno de peso molecular ultra-alto (UHMW-siglas en inglés) que está unido al elemento de parachoques de caucho mediante soldadura. En detalle, el film de polietileno de peso molecular ultra-alto (UHMW-siglas en inglés) cuyo espesor se encuentra entre 50 \mum y 10 mm, y el elemento de parachoques de caucho que está compuesto de un molde de caucho no vulcanizado, están bajo la presión de 5-20 kg/cm^{2} en la temperatura de 130-150ºC y están vulcanizados para unir el film de polietileno de peso molecular ultra-alto (UHMW-siglas en inglés) con el elemento de parachoques de caucho.
En el caso de que el film de polietileno de peso molecular ultra-alto (UHMW-siglas en inglés) y el elemento de parachoques de caucho estén unidos por medio de la vulcanización según está descrito en el documento JPA 5-59711, es imposible aumentar suficientemente el film de polietileno de peso molecular ultra-alto (UHMW-siglas en inglés). La vulcanización entre el caucho y el polietileno de peso molecular ultra-alto (UHMW-siglas en inglés) requiere la temperatura de 130-150ºC. Resulta difícil calentar toda la superficie de unión en la temperatura de 130ºC ó más cuando el film de polietileno de peso molecular ultra-alto (UHMW-siglas en inglés) está unido a un molde grande como el elemento de parachoques. Es decir, la temperatura alrededor del centro de la superficie de unión tiene la tendencia de ser más baja que 130ºC y así causa una unión incompleta. Este hecho reduce la fuerza de fijación del film de polietileno de peso molecular ultra-alto (UHMW-siglas en inglés) y su vida útil.
Constituye el objetivo de la presente invención solucionar las deficiencias mencionadas con anterioridad y proporcionar un parachoques marino que tenga un gran poder adhesivo del encolado entre la placa de resina sintética que tiene las propiedades de fricción bajas ó altas propiedades de deslizamiento (de aquí en adelante llamada "la placa de resina sintética de deslizamiento superior") como la placa de polietileno de peso molecular ultra-alto (UHMW-siglas en inglés) y el elemento de parachoques de caucho y que tiene bastante larga vida útil de la placa de resina sintética de deslizamiento superior.
El parachoques marino de la presente invención comprende un elemento de parachoques de caucho y una placa de resina sintética que se encuentra por lo menos en una parte de la superficie exterior del elemento del parachoques de caucho. La placa de resina sintética de deslizamiento superior tiene una capa de caucho soldada a la superficie posterior de la misma y la capa de caucho está unida con el elemento de parachoques de caucho.
En el parachoques marino de la presente invención, la placa de resina sintética de deslizamiento superior que tiene la capa de caucho soldada a la superficie posterior de la misma puede estar sujeta a la superficie exterior del elemento de parachoques de caucho por medio de la vulcanización.
En el parachoques marino de la presente invención, la placa de resina sintética de deslizamiento superior que tiene propiedades de fricción bajas tales como la placa de polietileno de peso molecular ultra-alto y el elemento de parachoques de caucho están fuertemente sujetas por medio de la superficie de unión que se encuentra entre las mismas. Esto quiere decir que, cuando la capa de caucho está soldada a la placa de resina sintética de deslizamiento superior, el espesor de la capa de caucho es considerablemente más pequeño que él del elemento de parachoques de caucho para que la superficie entera entre la capa de caucho y la placa de resina sintética de deslizamiento superior puedan ser calentadas hasta la temperatura de 145ºC ó más, proporcionando de esta manera una sujeción fuerte en toda la superficie de unión. Cuando la resina sintética de deslizamiento superior, a cuya superficie posterior está unida la capa de caucho, está soldada al elemento de parachoques de caucho por medio de la vulcanización, es suficiente que la superficie de unión entre la capa de caucho y el elemento de parachoques de caucho esté calentado hasta la temperatura de 110ºC ó más. En tal temperatura, la superficie de unión puede ser totalmente calentada incluso cuando el elemento del parachoques de caucho sea relativamente grande. Por lo tanto, la capa de caucho y el elemento de parachoques de caucho están fuertemente sujetos en toda la superficie de unión.
De acuerdo con la presente invención, incluso si el espesor de la placa de resina sintética de deslizamiento superior como la placa de polietileno de peso molecular ultra-alto sea relativamente grande, la placa de resina sintética de deslizamiento superior y el elemento de parachoques de caucho pueden estar fuertemente unidos uno al otro. Adicionalmente, el parachoques marino puede ser utilizado sin problema a no ser que la placa de resina sintética de deslizamiento superior se desgaste casi por completo.
La rugosidad de la superficie de la capa de caucho que se vaya a unir con el elemento de parachoques de caucho, aumenta más aún el poder adhesivo del encolado entre la capa de caucho y el elemento del parachoques de caucho.
Se procederá ahora a describir una realización, solamente a efectos de ejemplo, con referencia a los dibujos acompañantes, en los que:
La Figura 1 es una vista en perspectiva que muestra un parachoques marino de acuerdo con la presente invención.
Como está presentado en la Figura 1, el parachoques marino 1 comprende un elemento de parachoques de caucho 2, una capa de caucho 3 y una placa de resina sintética 4 con propiedades de deslizamiento superior (de aquí en adelante llamada "la placa de resina sintética de deslizamiento superior") que está unido con el elemento de parachoques de caucho 2 a través de la capa de caucho 3.
Para fabricar el parachoques marino 1, la placa de resina sintética con deslizamiento superior que tiene propiedades de fricción bajas 4 y la capa de caucho 3 están previamente soldadas una con la otra. La placa de resina sintética de deslizamiento superior 4 con la capa de caucho 3 se sujeta entonces al elemento de parachoques de caucho 2 por medio de la vulcanización.
Un ejemplo preferente de la placa de resina sintética de deslizamiento superior es una placa de polietileno de peso molecular ultra-alto (UHMW-siglas en inglés).
El espesor de la placa de resina sintética de deslizamiento superior se encuentra preferentemente en el rango entre 10 y 100 mm, especialmente entre 30 y 50 mm. Utilizando la placa de resina sintética de deslizamiento superior de este espesor se extiende la vida útil del parachoques marino.
El espesor de la capa de caucho es preferentemente fino, encontrándose entre 1 y 50 mm, especialmente entre 1 y 5 mm. Utilizando tan fina capa de caucho hace posible que toda la superficie de unión entre la capa de caucho 3 y la placa de resina sintética de deslizamiento superior se pueda calentar en la temperatura de 145ºC ó más para proporcionar una soldadura fuerte a través de las mismas.
La temperatura de la soldadura del caucho y la placa de resina sintética de deslizamiento superior se encuentra preferentemente en el rango entre 145 y 160ºC, la presión para su presurización está preferentemente en el rango entre 2 y 30 kg/cm^{2}, especialmente entre 2 y 10 kg/cm^{2}.
Es preferente que el elemento del parachoques marino de caucho 2 esté previamente formado como un molde no vulcanizado ó con baja vulcanización y posteriormente la placa de resina sintética de deslizamiento superior 4 con una capa de caucho 3 esté soldada con el molde por medio de la vulcanización.
Es preferente que la superficie de la capa de caucho 3 esté hecha rugosa por medio de pulimentación ó utilización de tela antes de la vulcanización.
Los ejemplos de caucho como material de la capa de caucho y el elemento de parachoques de caucho incluyen el caucho natural (NR-siglas en inglés), caucho de estireno-butadieno (SBR-siglas en inglés), caucho de butilo (BR-siglas en inglés), caucho de cloropreno (CR-siglas en inglés) y caucho sintético de etileno propileno dieno monómero (EPDM-siglas en inglés). El componente de caucho contiene un acelerador de vulcanización y, si fuera necesario, un relleno como negro de carbón, sílice y arcilla, antioxidante, ayudante de procesamiento y suavizador.
La capa de caucho 3 y el elemento de parachoques de caucho 2 están preferentemente hechos del mismo caucho.
Ejemplo 1
La capa de caucho 3 que tiene el espesor de 5 mm estuvo formada sobre la superficie trasera de la placa de polietileno de peso molecular ultra-alto (UHMW-siglas en inglés) 4 por medio de la soldadura del caucho con la superficie trasera de la placa de polietileno de peso molecular ultra-alto (UHMW-siglas en inglés) (tamaño: 300% 300% 50 mm) con la presión de 30 kg/cm^{2}, en la temperatura de 158ºC por el periodo de 45 minutos.
Entonces, el molde no vulcanizado como el elemento de parachoques de caucho del mismo componente de caucho como la capa de caucho 3 y la placa de polietileno de peso molecular ultra-alto (UHMW-siglas en inglés) 4 con la capa de caucho 3 fueron colocados uno encima de la otra y sometidos al tratamiento térmico y presurizados bajo la presión de 30 kg/cm^{2}, en la temperatura de 150ºC por el periodo de 180 minutos. De este modo, la capa de caucho 3 y el elemento de parachoques de caucho 2 fueron vulcanizados y soldados uno con el otro.
El parachoques marino estuvo hecho de esta manera. También se realizó en el parachoques marino el ensayo de la resistencia al arrastre de la placa de polietileno de peso molecular ultra-alto (UHMW-siglas en inglés) 4. Como resultado de este ensayo, se descubrió que la fuerza de arrastre era de 30 kg/cm ó más.
Ejemplo Comparativo 1
Se hizo un parachoques marino de la misma manera que en el Ejemplo 1 excepto el hecho de que el molde del elemento del parachoques de caucho y la placa de polietileno de peso molecular ultra-alto (UHMW-siglas en inglés) 4 estaban directamente colocadas uno sobre la otra sin la capa de caucho 3. Sin embargo, apareció en este caso una unión incompleta en el parachoques marino.
Según se ha mencionado con anterioridad, en el parachoques marino de acuerdo con la presente invención, la placa de la resina sintética de deslizamiento superior que tiene un espesor grande puede estar fuertemente unida al elemento del parachoques de caucho por medio de la vulcanización. En este parachoques marino, no se requiere ningún perno para fijar la placa de la resina sintética de deslizamiento superior con el elemento del parachoques de caucho. Por lo tanto, no existe la posibilidad que se deteriore el casco del barco incluso si se desgaste completamente la placa de la resina sintética de deslizamiento superior. No existe la posibilidad que el casco del barco esté en contacto directo con el caucho porque la placa de la resina sintética de deslizamiento superior se encuentra sobre la superficie exterior del elemento del parachoques de caucho así que el lado negro del caucho nunca se encuentra sobre el casco del barco.

Claims (4)

1. Un parachoques marino compuesto de: un elemento de parachoques de caucho y una placa de la resina sintética que se coloca por lo menos en una parte de la superficie exterior del mencionado elemento del parachoques de caucho, caracterizado por el hecho de que
la citada placa de la resina sintética tiene una capa de caucho soldada a la superficie posterior de la misma y la citada capa de caucho está unida con el elemento de parachoques de caucho.
2. Un parachoques marino según está reivindicado en la reivindicación 1, donde la resina sintética de deslizamiento superior es polietileno de peso molecular ultra-alto.
3. Un parachoques marino según está reivindicado en la reivindicación 1 ó 2, en el que la placa de la resina sintética de deslizamiento superior que tiene la capa de caucho soldada sobre la superficie posterior de la misma está unida a la superficie exterior del elemento del parachoques de caucho por medio de la vulcanización.
4. Un parachoques marino según está reivindicado en la reivindicación 3, en el que la superficie de la capa de caucho que está unida al elemento del parachoques de caucho, está hecha áspera por medio de pulimentación ó utilización de tela aumentando de esta manera el poder adhesivo del encolado entre la capa de caucho y el elemento del parachoques de
caucho.
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EP0905017B1 (en) 2005-07-13
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JPH1193141A (ja) 1999-04-06
US6050211A (en) 2000-04-18
EP0905017A2 (en) 1999-03-31
DE69830824D1 (de) 2005-08-18
US6155192A (en) 2000-12-05
AU8705698A (en) 1999-04-15
EP0905017A3 (en) 2000-11-08

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