ES2249799T3 - FULMINANT BLENDS. - Google Patents

Abstract

A firing mixture which contains explosives, oxidizing and reducing agents is characterized in that it contains one or several explosives which can be fired by laser light. Also disclosed is a process for producing the same and its use.

Description

Fulminating mixtures.

Object of the present invention are mixtures fulminantes, its production as well as its use.

The fulminant mixtures or also loads fulminantes serve for the ignition or ignition of mixtures or loads pyrotechnics, as well as propellant charges. In this case, the mixtures or pyrotechnic charges may be the only charge, but also a booster charge of the ignition or a generating load of gases Propellant charges / gas charges react chemically transforming into shape components predominantly gaseous, which can be used for triggering processes that run quickly as, by example, the acceleration of projectiles launched by a rapid gas expansion, the dynamic introduction of materials from fixing, for example with the help of gun-shaped devices nail-bolts, but also for inflating bags of gas (airbags) or for the firing of belt pretensioners Safety used in the safety of motor vehicles. A variant is represented by the use of liquid / gas charges instead of solid / gas charges. Those take advantage of the reaction of liquid fuel with oxidizing agents for gas generation

The fulminant mixtures are triggered by general mechanically and therefore have to be sensitive with respect to the friction and impact action. As a rule, they consist in initial or primary explosive substances such as, for example, lead trinitro-resorcinate or diazodinitrophenol, reducing agents such as metal powder, as well as oxidizing agents such as barium nitrate or zinc peroxide. Likewise, sensitizers such as tetracene or agents are used. of friction such as glass dust, which raise the sensitivity of Initial explosive substances For ignition systems electrical explosive substances are used first initials that react quickly. However, the high mechanical sensitivity of the components required for the correct operation is disadvantageous in the handling of Raw materials and mixtures. Requires security measures special. Other types of ignition such as action ignition thermal or by high electromagnetic wave coupling often they do not solve this problem, or they are only adequate for completely special applications, strongly Restricted

The mission of the present invention consisted of make available new fulminant mixtures.

In a first embodiment of the invention the mission is solved by fulminating mixtures according to claim 1, which can be activated by light of laser.

In addition to explosive substances, agents fulminating agents according to the invention also contain agents oxidants and reducers, usual. Can also be used possibly binders, processing agents and / or agents pressing aids.

Oxidizing agents can be used as alkali metal peroxides and alkaline earth, zinc peroxide, as well as peroxodisulfates of the mentioned elements and of ammonium, the alkali metal nitrates and alkaline earth, especially lithium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate or strontium nitrate, as well as ammonium nitrate, the oxohalogenated compounds of metals alkaline or alkaline earth or ammonium, with particular preference being potassium perchlorate or perchlorate ammonium. Sulfur is also suitable as oxidizing agent. The agents mentioned oxidants can be used alone or as a mixture.

As reducing agents they are used according to the invention metals such as, for example, titanium, zirconium, aluminum, magnesium, cerium in finely powdered form. Too alloys of these metals can be used according to the invention such as titanium / aluminum or cerium / magnesium. Other agents Reducers are carbon or boron. The reducing agents mentioned they can be used alone or in the form of mixtures.

As binders, compounds of the groups of polyesters or polyurethanes. Compounds with binding properties, which contribute to the heat of explosion and / or balance of oxygen, for example nitrocellulose or polynitropoliphenylene can also be used as binders.

Processing and pressing aids they can be substances that raise, for example, the ability to creep such as Aerosol, or substances that prevent the formation of dust and improve the sliding or dosing capacity, such as graphite or boron nitride.

For better laser light absorption is if possible, dye the fulminant mixtures conforming to the invention or mix them with color pigments. In case of need, thermal stability can be improved by adding stabilizers As such they are taken into account, for example, substances used to stabilize the nitrocellulose

In addition, to influence the speed of calcination calcination moderators may be added to the mixtures fulminant according to the invention.

Calcination moderators are used substances or mixtures thereof, which are suitable to influence the calcination and its speed by heterogeneous catalysis or homogeneous Moderators who in the form of a heterogeneous catalysis they are involved in the chemical reaction, they are metals, metal oxides and / or carbonates of metals and / or metal sulphides. As metals preferably boron, silicon, copper, iron, titanium, zinc or molybdenum. Carbonate carbonate may also be used. calcium. It is also possible to use mixtures of these moderators

Moderators, which in the form of a catalysis homogeneous involved in the chemical reaction, are for example sulfur, copper or ferrocene resorcilates and derivatives thereof. These moderators vaporize due to the temperatures that are present in the reaction, so they can intervene in the reaction by themselves or as consecutive products.

For protection against influences Environmental fulminating mixtures according to the invention can possibly treated or coated with protective agents.

The fulminating mixtures according to the invention They can be used in various ways. They are preferably used for the ignition of mixtures or pyrotechnic loads, as well as of propellant charges that are used to trigger processes that run rapidly such as, for example, the acceleration of projectiles, the nailing of fixing materials, for example with help of nail-studs, or also for the inflation of gas bags (airbags), or for firing the seat belt pretensioners used in the safety of motor vehicles

The characteristic data related to the safety technique of some of the fulminant mixtures according to the invention have been represented in Table 2. The data were determined according to the methods of the Federal Institute of Materials Testing (Bundesanstalt für Materialprüfung). In comparison with the primary explosive substance lead trinitro-resorcinate, in the case of fulminating agents according to the invention are clearly improved friction sensitivity and impact sensitivity.

For the evaluation of important quantities characteristics of the fulminating mixtures according to the invention, such as the energy that is released in the reaction (heat of explosion), the pressure, the temperature of the explosion and the reaction products formed at this temperature, was calculated through a thermodynamic computer program a reaction that runs adiabatically from fulminant mixtures according to the invention at constant volume and with a density of 0.1 g / cm3 load. Table 3 shows the most data important of thermodynamic calculation. Ignition energy required for triggering a reaction was determined experimentally.

The following examples or comparative examples they should illustrate the invention, without limiting it.

Examples 1 to 16

Fulminant mixtures conforming to the invention according to known procedures. The components individual were screened with the mixing ratios indicated in Table 1 through a sieve with a mesh opening width 0.2 mm, and mixed for 30 minutes in a mixer oscillating 200 mg of each of these mixtures were pressed with a pressing force of 71 N / mm2 to form tablets with a 6mm diameter The tablets thus produced were ignited with a laser beam (wavelength: 1,060 nm), an energy of 200 mJ radiation and a pulse length of 2.5 ms. He Power up behavior has been reproduced in Table 1.

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TABLE 2

Sample Pressure [atm] T [K] Cex [cal / g] Proportion of Energy from condensate [% / mol] on [mJ] NPE 1,109 2,932 586 0 \ approx 10 NPE / KNO_ {3} 66.7 / 33.3 907.4 3,073.5 672 7.5 160 NPE / ZnO2 / Ti 45/50/5 1,198 4,146 978 14.8 \ approx 200 Black Gunpowder / NPE 75/25 430 2,290 -179 11.6 \ approx 200 AZM 0 9531 / NPE 75/25 622 3,265 615 52 \ approx 200 NPE / KNO_ {2} / B 50/40/10 843 3,374 673 29 \ approx 90 NPE / ZnO2 66.7 / 33.3 1,341 4,044 1,016 7 > 200 NPE / ZnO2 / B 64.6 / 32.3 / 2.9 1,194 3,731 991 14 > 200 NPE / KNO_ {3} / B 54.3 / 32.2 / 2.9 1,002 3,382 752 2 \ approx 100 NC / KNO_ {3} 66.7 / 33.3 872 3,282 853 eleven Do not there is switched on Trinitro-resorcinate lead 683 3,839 550 10 \ approx 5

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TABLE 3

Explosive substance Friction sensitivity [N] Impact sensitivity [J] Flash point [ºC] Trinitro-resorcinate 2 \ leq 0.025 280 from lead AZM O 2956 \ geq 360 5 > 400 AZM OR 9531 \ geq 360 4 > 400 Gunpowder black \ geq 360 5 > 400 HITP (base \ geq 360 fifteen - fifty > 400 aminotetrazole) NPE \ geq 360 7.5 > 280 NPE / ZnO2 / Ti \ geq 360 fifteen 230 NPE / ZnO2 240 twenty 235 NPE / KNO_ {3} + 3% B 160 4 decomposition to start from 230 PNP / KNO_ {3} \ geq 360 10 293 PNP / KNO_ {3} / B \ geq 360 10 293

Claims (8)

1. Fulminating agent, which contains usual oxidizing and reducing agents, characterized in that it can be ignited by laser light and contains polynitropoliphenyl ether or polynitropoliphenylene or mixtures of these compounds. 2. Fulminating agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally contains oxidizing agents, reducing agents, binders, calcination moderators, processing agents and / or usual pressing adjuvant agents. 3. Fulminating agent according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the oxidizing agent is selected from sulfur, between the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal peroxides, between zinc peroxide, between the peroxodisulfates of the mentioned elements and ammonium, between nitrates of alkali and alkaline earth metals, especially lithium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate or strontium nitrate, as well as ammonium nitrate, among oxohalogenated compounds of alkali or alkaline earth metals or of ammonium, especially between potassium perchlorate or ammonium perchlorate or between mixtures of the substances mentioned. 4. Fulminating agent according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the reducing agent is a metal selected from titanium, zirconium, aluminum, magnesium or cerium, a mixture of these metals, an alloy of these metals such as titanium / aluminum or cerium / magnesium, because it is carbon or boron or because it is a mixture of the agents mentioned. 5. Fulminating agent according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is dyed or mixed with colored pigments. 6. Fulminating agent according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that as calcining moderators substances or mixtures thereof are used which are suitable for influencing, by heterogeneous or homogeneous catalysis, the calcination and its velocity. Method for the production of the fulminating agent according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the corresponding individual components are mixed and then pressed. 8. Use of the fulminating agent according to one or several of claims 1 to 6, for lighting mixtures or pyrotechnic assemblies as well as propellant charges.