ES2284525T3 - PARTIAL FRAGMENTATION PROJECT IN THE PENETRATOR AS A PROJECT TAIL. - Google Patents

Abstract

The effect of a projectile (1), especially for the purpose of hunting, in the target body essentially depends upon the mass, the material characteristics and the construction thereof. Known partial fragmentation projectiles contain two cores (3, 4) as jacket projectiles. The nose core which faces the top of the projectile consists of a softer lead alloy and the tail core being the projector which is situated in the tail consists of a harder lead alloy. Lead and the alloys thereof are considered as being non-environmentally friendly. The toxic characteristics of the splinters remaining in the body of the animal and of the remaining components pertaining to the projectiles are a burden, whereby said remaining components are ejected into the environment. According to the invention, all the components (2, 3, 4, 22, 23) of the projectile (1) consist of lead-free materials. Moreover, the penetrator (4) is provided with deformation and fragmentation means (14, 29, 31, 33) which are embodied in a conical, crowned or bell-shaped manner and influence the mushrooming and fragmentation of the nose core (3).

Description

Partial fragmentation projectile in the penetrator like projectile tail.

The invention relates to a projectile of partial fragmentation according to the preamble of the first claim.

The performance of a projectile, especially for hunting purposes, in the destination body, depends essentially on your mass, its material properties and its constructive structure. The known partial fragmentation shells contain as two-core enveloping shells, in which the so-called core of nose, which is directed towards the tip of the projectile, is consisting of a soft lead alloy and the tail core, that is behind, is constituted by a lead alloy harder. During the incidence and penetration into the body of fate, they break down into fragments to a predominant extent the projectile shell and softer nose core.

Lead and its alloys are considered as Incompatible with the environment. If a projectile is fragmented during the incidence and penetration into a target body, a animal, remains in accordance with the type of projectile a portion determined from fragments in the animal's body, while the remaining body that leaves the animal's body and other fragments They reach the environment. Both in the body of the animal and also in the environment they represent a burden by virtue of their toxic properties

The tail core causes the action of depth and must exit from the target body under the formation of an ejection hole. In the so-called impacts hard, for example in the case of projectile impact on bone, the shell of the projectile is torn in certain circumstances beyond the line of separation of the two lead cores This leads, in general, to total destruction of the morro nucleus as well as a strong fragmentation of the projectile envelope. The consequence is mass losses projectile strengths and essential deformations or destruction tail core total. This way, you can lose so much energy that is not possible anymore an expulsion of the tail nucleus out of the destination body.

It is known from WO 97/20185 A1 a projectile that is made entirely of free materials of lead. It is an enveloping projectile and is constituted by a soft nose core and a tail core, the penetrator, where the nose of the penetrator and the tail of the nose nucleus meet it enters itself on a flat surface. Under its surface of flat nose, the tail nucleus has no influence controllable over the core fragmentation properties of nose.

They are known from US 4,136,616 A projectiles for hunting and portable weapons, of which show exemplary embodiments with two projectile cores placed one behind the other, which are constituted by a soft material, for example lead. The morro nucleus and the nucleus glue are wrapped, with the exception of their respective end away from the direction of impact, by an envelope of a Hard material. The envelope, which is located in the front area of the tail nucleus, ends in a point and penetrates the nucleus of nose. The tip of the envelope influences the behavior of Morro core fragmentation.

The problem of the present invention is they have a partial fragmentation projectile of a free material  of lead, which when it hits the target body, experiences a rapid disintegration of the shell of the projectile and in the that an expulsion with a defined residual size of the projectile.

The solution of the problem is achieved with the help of the characteristic features of the first claim. Other advantageous configurations of the invention are claimed in the dependent claims.

The projectile, which comprises an envelope, a tail core as a penetrator and a nose core as well as, given the case, a projectile hood or a tip, is constituted of according to the invention for lead-free materials. Since lead and its alloys are considered toxic, it is considered that especially tissue pierced with lead fragments It can only be enjoyed with limitations. On the other hand, if use materials for the projectile according to the invention, such as plastic, and metals copper, tin, zinc, tungsten iron, titanium, silver, aluminum, tantalum, vanadium as well as possible alloys of the indicated metals, the fragments that penetrate the tissue as well as the projectile remains that come out  to nature they are harmless and do not cause any contamination Toxic tissue or the environment.

The projectile according to the invention achieves in an advantageous way, by virtue of its structure constructive, a multiple action in the target body. He penetrator arranged on the tail side of a harder material that the nose core provides a safe expulsion, even in the case of high resistance in the target body, by virtue of its reduced fragmentation and reduced mass loss conditioned in this way. Since the nose setting of the penetrator and the morro core tail configuration are adapted to the desired fragmentation properties of the nose core depending on caliber, impact speed and the nature of the destination body, an action of crushing and wedge adapted to each other over the nose core for its fragmentation. Already during the penetration into the body of fate is carried out the fragmentation of the nucleus of morro of such so that the emission of the fragments is done in a way preferred in the area near the entrance channel. Due to the use of an easily deformable material, such as tin or zinc or its alloys, its property is supported by fragmentation. In this way the mission of the nucleus of Morro is achieved in the destination body, through the assignment of fragments, a destructive action as well as an action of impact.

The nose side of the penetrator, which is constituted by a harder material, it is the decisive tool which determines the development of the fragmentation of the nucleus of the nose. For this reason, it is equipped with deformation and fragmentation. The nose of the penetrator may have a tip in wedge shape in the center with respect to the midline of the projectile, the conical angle of the means being adapted to each other  of deformation and fragmentation and the conical angle of the conical depth of the nose core, at which the tip penetrates of the penetrator A conical shaped nose of the penetrator acts as a wedge on the nose core. The conical angle must adapt to the hardness of the nose core material and to the desired action of fragmentation. The harder the material is and the greater is the angle, the stronger the property for the fragmentation into small fragments. In the case of soft material and acute angle, the rupture in banners, the formation of fungus and disintegration into large fragments. The angle is between approximately 30º and 90º, preferably in 60º approximately.

If the nose of the penetrator has a shape domed, the nose core is first subjected to a strong deformation, before it breaks into fragments under material request beyond the limit of stretching.

The destructive action of the penetrator is additionally supported through deformation, when the tip wedge-shaped or the bulging shape of the deformation means and of disintegration on the nose of the penetrator and in a way mirror symmetric the respective depth on the tail of the nose core are surrounded by a ring surface circular, these surfaces being perpendicular to the line projectile average.

The shape of the projectile's tip has a essential influence on flight properties as well as on the penetration behavior of the projectile in the body of fate and about the fragmentation behavior of the envelope

If you are in front of the nucleus of Morro a space surrounded by the shell of the projectile and the tip of the envelope is not closed, the flight properties of the projectile they are not as favorable as when the opening in the envelope is closed by a point. This tip can be a hood of projectile of a soft thin sheet or a solid tip. A point Closed gives the projectile a slower drop in speed under the uniform development of the lines of the circulation.

The shape of the projectile's tip has, In addition, an influence on the fragmentation of the envelope. In the case of an open tip or a projectile hood of a soft sheet, there are the same relationships as in a projectile of drill. The envelope immediately breaks into banners when It affects the target body. In the case of a solid tip, the projectile will first penetrate the target body and it will starts the fragmentation of the envelope through its deformation strong through the tip and the excess conditioned with it from the material stretch limit.

The tip of the projectile is constituted, like the nose core, by a soft material. It is advantageous that this projectile tip is made, for example, of a plastic biodegradable. The conformation of a plastic is simpler and more economical compared to a solid projectile tip manufacturing of metal. The rest of the projectile tip that remains in the the body of the animal or that is transferred to nature is harmless from the biological point of view

The shape of the nose of the nose nucleus has new influence on resistance to penetration in the body of destiny. If the nose is a flat head, its destruction with deformation, which increases resistance to penetration. If the nose is set as a wooden point, for example through a funnel-shaped cavity, given the case with a cavity that connects then starts a destruction through the breakage in the form of banners, which It favors an early formation of fragments.

The projectile according to the invention It has a sharp edge. A sharp edge provides an entrance Cleaner on the cover of the hunting piece. This one is not destroyed, It is stamped during entry. The entrance hole, which it is perhaps of large caliber, therefore, it is already occupied during the entrance of the wound to provide blood.

A sharp edge is preferably found in the place, from which the diameter of the projectile, seen from the tip. In the projectile according to the invention, the sharp edge sits at the transition point between the penetrator and the nose core. The nose core essentially comprises the part of the projectile that narrows conically, while the penetrator represents the part cylindrical projectile. The sharp edge has, in this type of projectile, the function of a theoretical breaking point of the envelope When the projectile envelope banners are break the sharp edge at the latest, the penetrator separates from the core of the nose.

The wall thickness of the envelope projectile influences the outbreak and the degree of fragmentation. Therefore, the wall thickness of the envelope is reduced in the area of the penetrator in the direction of the part of the projectile that narrows conically. On the sharp edge has place a jump in the wall thickness, that is, the thickness of the wall is smaller in the area of the nucleus of the nose than in the area of the penetrator A weaker wall thickness favors disintegration of the shell of the projectile in fragments.

With the help of realization examples, explains the invention in detail. In this case:

Figure 1 shows a partial fragmentation projectile according to the invention with penetrator in the nose of the projectile, here with a conical shaped nose of the penetrator, in which the cone as the means of deformation and means of disintegration and the cavity of conical shape in the tail of the nose nucleus are surrounded in each case by a surface
cancel.

Figure 2 shows a projectile tip as hollow tip, which is closed by means of a metal hood.

Figure 3 shows a projectile tip as hollow tip, which is closed by means of a solid tip.

Figure 4 shows an exemplary embodiment. for the shape of the nose of the nucleus of the nose, here with a nose flat.

Figure 5 shows it with a shape cavity conical on the nose, and

Figure 6 shows an example of embodiment for the shape of the penetrator nose and the corresponding shape from the tail of the nose nucleus, here with a conical shaped nose of the penetrator

Figure 7 shows a confrontation of a penetrator with a domed nose and a nose core with a cavity-shaped cavity in the tail, and

Figure 8 shows a penetrator with a nose with bell-shaped tip and a nose core with a corresponding recess in the tail.

Figure 1 depicts a very large scale. enlarged a partial fragmentation projectile 1 according to the invention in the semi-section. A nose core 3 as well as a tail core 4 are surrounded by an envelope of projectile 2. The tail core 4 is the penetrator and is constituted by a material, which is harder than the nose core 3. The nose core is constituted, according to the invention, in instead of lead or a lead alloy, by a material free of lead, for example tin, zinc or alloys of these metals. The penetrator can be constituted, for example, by an alloy coppermade.

The projectile has a hollow point 5. The hole 6 of the envelope 2 can be closed by means of a projectile hood or by a solid tip, as depicted in the following figures 2 and 3.

The nose 7 of the nose core 3 has a conical cavity 8 with a cylindrical bore 9 that is connect below. As explained above, the Morro nucleus shape influences its behavior of deformation and its fragmentation behavior when It affects the target body.

The nose core 3 essentially forms the part 10 of the projectile 1 that narrows conically. In the transition zone from the part 10 of the projectile 1 that conically narrows towards its cylindrical part 12 extends the nose 13 of the penetrator 4 with its deformation and fragmentation means, with a conical tip 14, to the tail 11 of the nose core 3. In the present embodiment, the conical shaped tip 14, which forms the nose 13 of the penetrator 4, is surrounded by an annular surface 15. This annular surface 15 rests in the same way on a surface annular 16, which forms the front surface in the tail 11 of the nose core 3. This surrounds a conical shaped cavity 17, which receives the tip 14 conical in the nose of the penetrator 4. Both annular surfaces 15 and 16 are in right angle 18 over the midline 19 of the pro-
ectile 1.

In the case of impact of projectile 1 on a target body, the penetrator 4 exerts two actions on the softer nose core 3. The annular surface 15 crushes the nose core material 3, while tapered tip 14 it penetrates like a wedge in the material and fragments it. The Morro 4 core fragmentation is first performed under massive deformation of the material. The conical angle 35 must be adapted to the hardness of the nose core material 3 and to the desired action of fragmentation. The harder the material is and the greater is angle 35, the greater the availability for disintegration into small fragments. In the case of material soft and acute angle 35, the breakage in banners prevails, the Fungus formation and disintegration into large fragments. He conical angle 35 is therefore approximately between 30 ° and 90º, preferably at 60º approximately.

Approximately at the place where the tip of the cone 14 of the penetrator 4 in the nose core 3, is disposed on the periphery of projectile 1 a sharp edge 27 on the envelope 2. The sharp edge 27 can be formed, by example, through the pressure penetration of a rib 28 in envelope 2 of projectile 1, thereby crushing the material soft of the nose core 3 and a ridge is formed in envelope 2 sharp 27. The sharp edge causes, when passing through the hunting piece cover a cleaner inlet hole with sharp bounded edge.

Through the rib 28, with which it is formed sharp edge 27 predetermined projectile fragmentation 1 in the nose core 3 as well as in the penetrator 4. When tear the envelope of the projectile 2, the sharp edge 27 acts as a theoretical breaking point. The flags of the envelope 2 that disintegrates into fragments are torn apart later in this place. In addition, separation of the nose core and the penetrator 4 because the thickness of the envelope wall is reduces from projectile tail 20 to sharp edge 27. The wall thickness of envelope 2, which surrounds part 10 of the projectile 1 that narrows conically, extends at approximately the same wall thickness reduced to hole 6 of the hollow tip 5.

Figures 2 and 3 show two examples of embodiment for projectile tip configuration 21. In Figure 2, the hole 6 of the envelope 2 to the hollow tip 5 it is closed by means of a shell of the projectile 22. In the present embodiment, a metal cap with a smaller wall thickness consists of a metal essentially softer than the envelope 2. The hood of the projectile 22 closes the hole 6 and thus improves the aerodynamic properties of the projectile 1. When it strikes a target body, the shell of the projectile easily deforms 22. It will act on envelope 2 only to a degree not essential, so that only deformation and fragmentation of envelope 2 during its impact.

In Figure 3, the hole 6 in the envelope 2 it is closed by means of a solid tip 23, in whose body shape Conical a rod is connected, which is inserted into the cylindrical drill 9 of the nose core 3. In the case of impact of the solid tip 23 it deforms in the first place and therefore will penetrate the target body, before the pressure that is formed is so large that fragmentation of envelope 2 to occur through the recoil of tip 23 and the nose core is crushed 3.

Figures 4 and 5 show other examples of embodiment for the shape of the nose 7 of the nose core 3. These exemplary embodiments are equally suitable for closing the hole 5 of the envelope 2 according to the example of embodiment of figure 2 with a projectile hood 22. When the flat front surface 25 of the nose core 3 as per Figure 4 on a target body, crushing is favored  of the material, while the cavity 26 conically agreed with figure 5 it favors a direct tear and, therefore, a mushroom formation The conical angle 36 corresponds to the angle of opening of the usual pointed hole in the projectiles gaps

Figures 6, 7 and 8 show other examples of embodiment for the configuration of the shape of the nose 13 of the penetrator 4 and the corresponding shape of the tail 11 of the core of nose 3. In the exemplary embodiment according to the figure 6, the nose 13 of the penetrator 4, as a means of deformation and of fragmentation, is a conical tip 29, which exerts a strong wedge action on the nose core 3. This tip 29 is received, as in figure 1, in the tail 11 of the nose core 3. The comic angle 35 must also be adapted here to the hardness of the nose core material 3 and to the desired action of the fragmentation. The harder the material is and the greater the angle 35, the greater the availability for disintegration in small fragments In the case of a soft material and an angle Acute 35, banner breakage prevails, fungus formation and disintegration into large fragments. The conical angle 35 is also, therefore, here approximately between 30º and 90º, with preference approximately in 60º (?).

You get a crush action yet stronger on the core of nose 3 when nose 13 of the penetrator 4 according to figure 7 as deformation means and means of fragmentation has a bulging shape 31. This is inserted into a cavity-shaped cavity 32 of the nose core 3. In the In this exemplary embodiment, first of all a strong crushing of the nose core material 3 with excess following the stretch limit of the material, which leads finally to a tear and a fungus formation of the nucleus of nose 3.

Figure 8 shows an example of embodiment with a bell-shaped tip 33 as nose 13 of the penetrator 4. It is a tip with combined crushing action and fragmentation, which extends into a recess 34 of the nucleus of nose 3 configured in a corresponding manner.

Claims (16)

1. Partial fragmentation projectile of a lead-free material with a nose core (3) which, as a core soft, it is the fragmented part of the projectile (1), and with a tail core as penetrator (4), in which the nose (13) of the penetrator (4) has a means of deformation and fragmentation (14, 31, 33), which is arranged in the center with respect to the middle line (19) of the projectile (1), in which the shape of the tail (11, 30, 32, 34) of the nose core (3) is adapted in each case to the shape of the deformation and fragmentation medium (14, 31, 33) of the penetrator (4) that penetrates directly into it and in which the configuration of the nose (13) of the penetrator (4) and the tail configuration (11, 30, 32, 34) of the nose core (3) are adapted to the desired fragmentation properties of the nose core (3) depending on the caliber and speed of impact as well as the nature of the destination body, through in a conical shape (14) for fragmentation, a bulging shape (31) for crushing and a bell shape (33) for Common fragmentation and crushing of the nose nucleus (3). 2. Partial fragmentation projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle (35) of the conical tip (14, 29) is approximately between 30 ° and 90 °, preferably approximately 60 °. 3. Partial fragmentation projectile according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the deformation and fragmentation means (14) is surrounded by a circular ring surface (15) and because this circular ring surface (15) it is perpendicularly (18) to the midline (19) of the projectile (1). 4. Partial fragmentation projectile according to claim 3, characterized in that the tail (11) of the nose core (3), which is adapted to the nose (13) of the penetrator (4), is surrounded by a circular ring surface (16) and because this circular ring surface (16) is perpendicular (18) to the midline (19) of the projectile (1). 5. Partial fragmentation projectile according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the nose (7) of the nose core (3) has a shape adapted to the desired deformation and fragmentation behavior of the nose core (3) during penetration into the target body. 6. Partial fragmentation projectile according to claim 5, characterized in that the nose (7) of the nose core (3) is configured as a flat head (25) or as a hollow point (8, 9; 26). 7. Partial fragmentation projectile according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the tip (21) of the projectile (1) has a shape adapted to the desired flight properties. 8. Partial fragmentation projectile according to claim 7, characterized in that the projectile (1) carries a projectile bell in the form of a cap (22). 9. Partial fragmentation project according to claim 7, characterized in that the projectile (1) has a solid tip (23) superimposed. 10. Partial fragmentation projectile according to claim 9, characterized in that the solid tip (23) has a rod (24) on the rear side, which reaches the nose core (3). 11. Partial fragmentation projectile according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the tip of the projectile (23) consists of a biodegradable plastic. 12. Partial fragmentation projectile according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the projectile (1) has a sharp edge (27). 13. Partial fragmentation projectile according to claim 12, characterized in that the sharp edge (27) is formed approximately at the transition point between the penetrator (4) and the nose core (3) through a rib (28 ) in the shell (2) of the projectile (1). 14. Partial fragmentation projectile according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the wall thickness of the shell (2) of the projectile (1) is reduced from the tail (20) of the projectile (1) to the edge sharp (27). 15. Partial fragmentation projectile according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the wall thickness of the shell of the projectile (2) is smaller in the part (10) of the projectile (1) which conically narrows than in the cylindrical part (12). 16. Partial fragmentation projectile according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the following materials are used especially for the projectile (1): plastics, especially biodegradable synthetic resins and copper, tin, zinc are used as metallic materials. iron, tungsten, titanium, silver, aluminum, tantalum, vanadium as well as possible alloys of these metals.