ES2323023T3 - PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF A PERFORATION IN THE SOIL BY DRILLING BY DISPLACEMENT. - Google Patents

Abstract

Procedure for the realization of a perforation (1) in the ground (3) by means of displacement drilling, in which - a perforation bar (10), which has at least one section displacement zone (20) in a lower section Increased transverse and between at least one tip of the drill rod and the displacement zone (20), at least one conveyor propeller (11, 12), is rotatably introduced into the ground (3), - operational parameters of the rod are recorded of drilling (10) when introducing the drill rod (10) into the ground (3), and - the operational parameters are used for the determination of the drilling capacity (1), characterized in that at least the torque of forces in the drill rod (10) and the penetration depth of the drill rod (10) per revolution are used as operational parameters, because for the determination of the load capacity of the drill (1) a cogeneration is generated. te between the pair of forces on the drill rod (10) and the penetration depth of the drill rod (10) per revolution, and therefore a load capacity index ({alpha}) is established, and because for The establishment of an allocation rule between the load capacity index ({alpha}) and the load capacity is carried out in advance test holes in soil layers with known properties.

Description

Procedure and device for realization of a hole in the ground by drilling by displacement.

The invention relates to a process for the realization of a drilling in the ground by means of displacement drilling, in which a drilling bar, which has at least one section of displacement of increased cross-section, is introduced in a lower section. rotating on the ground, operational parameters of the drill rod are recorded when the drill rod is introduced into the ground, and the operational parameters are used for the determination of the drilling capacity, according to the preamble of the claim.
tion 1.

The invention further relates to a device for conducting a hole in the ground by displacement drilling according to the preamble of the claim 8. A similar device is configured with a drilling bar, which has at least one section in a lower section displacement zone of increased cross section, and a drive device for rotating drive and the axial displacement of the drill rod, being provided means for recording the operational parameters of the bar of drilling when axially introducing the drill rod in the ground, and with a calculation device provided in a mathematical relationship the operational parameters for the Determination of the drilling capacity.

A generic procedure and a device generic are known, for example, from EP 1 277 8871 A2.

In a known drilling procedure for displacement a drill rod is introduced into the ground that in the zone of its end of the side of the floor presents an area of displacement. In this scroll zone the bar drilling is configured with a larger diameter compared to sections of the drill rod arranged below. In the zone the material subjected to perforation is displaced outcrop, configuring a cavity and compacting adjacent areas of the floor radially with respect to the drill rod. In the originated cavity can be introduced a filling material for the formation of a foundation element. For example, from the document DE 103 44 353 A1 and document DE 42 20 976 C1 follow procedures for displacement drilling.

For the determination of the load capacity percussion soundings are known, for example, the "Standard Penetration Test "(SPT). In the standard penetration test a percussion probe is introduced normalized in the ground and the number of percussions that are necessary for the introduction of the probe a distance determined. By compensating the established number of percussions with empirical factors based on the type of soil can estimate the limit load capacity around the piles. Do not However, in a displacement drilling procedure a similar procedure can be comparatively expensive, since it must be prepared in addition to the device Drilling also a percussion device. Besides, the accuracy may not be high enough for certain Fields of application.

EP 0 842 329 B1 discloses a drilling procedure, in which the material is removed to the light by means of a drill screw along the stem of perforation, without radial displacement. In this case It is planned to determine the speed of rotation, the ratio of penetration and / or torque in the drill screw, and check them so that the screw propellers are loaded with soil material that comes from the tip of the screw. In particular penetration speed must be adapted to the speed of extraction of the helical auger, so that neither remove too much material and threatens an obstruction of the screw propeller, do not remove too little material and threatens to a crash of the perforated hole.

EP 1 229 172 A1 describes a drilling procedure in which a drilling machine is equips with sensors to determine the dynamic properties of the drilling tools. The measured values of these sensors they are memorized for subsequent depths. For each depth is calculated from memorized measurements at least one variable that returns soil quality.

EP 0 401 119 A1 discloses another drilling procedure in which parameters are recorded.

The object of the invention is to indicate a displacement drilling procedure and a device displacement drilling, which is particularly easy and economical allow drilling with capacity known load.

The objective is solved by a procedure with the characteristics of claim 1 and a device with the characteristics of claim 8. Examples of embodiment Preferred process are indicated in the claims Dependents

In the process according to the invention is provided that operational parameters of the bar are recorded drilling when the drill rod is introduced into the ground, and that the operational parameters are used for the determination of The load capacity of the drilling.

The invention is based on the knowledge that there is a relationship between the operational parameters that prevail when introducing a tool for displacement drilling in the soil and the load capacity of the drilling originated in this case. This relationship can be based among others on the displacement drilling a displacement takes place radially oriented and, consequently, a compaction of the material of surrounding soil, the properties of compaction again with the load capacity.

According to the invention the capacity of load due to measurements taken directly during processing of displacement drilling in the tooling for displacement drilling. Deepening expensive of drilling special drilling through devices Autonomous polling can be deleted accordingly, so that according to the invention an especially low cost is generated and a especially high profitability. Since the data of the load capacity can also be determined directly in the same actual drilling, and should not be performed at sounding points distanced from the perforation, according to the invention a particularly accurate load capacity determination that especially reflects the terrain structures next to the actual drilling.

Properly fill a cavity formed by introducing the drill rod into the ground with a Especially hardenable filler material, so it can get a foundation element. Load capacity determined in this case may be the carrying capacity of the foundation element. Filling can be done during and / or after the introduction of the drill rod.

According to the invention at least the torque in the drill rod, the penetration depth of the rod of drilling per revolution and in particular the strength of Drilling rod penetration are used as parameters operational This allows a particularly accurate characterization. of the soil crossed and, consequently, a determination Especially accurate load capacity. For determination  of the measured values mentioned can also be used other measured values that have a relationship with at least one of the Measured values mentioned. For example, the hydraulic pressure in a hydraulic drive can be determined for the bar drilling and therefore set the torque on the bar drilling

In addition, it is planned that for the determination a quotient of the drilling capacity is generated between the torque on the drill rod and the depth penetration of the drill rod per revolution, and by This establishes a load capacity index.

The load capacity index α can be a function f of the quotient of the pair of forces M in the bar drilling relative to the depth of penetration of the bar revolution drilling \ frac {\ Delta d} {n}

n

α = f \ left (\ frac {M} {\ left (\ frac {\ Delta d} {n} \ right)} \ right)

In particular, it can be the index α directly the relation of the pair of forces M, with which press the drill rod, with respect to the depth of penetration per revolution \ frac {\ Delta d} {n}

α = \ frac {M} {\ left (\ frac {\ Delta d} {n} \ right)}

The index α can characterize, by For example, the type of soil in the layer of soil crossed.

According to the invention it may be provided that the established operational parameters and / or the capacity index of load set for the determination of the load capacity is compare with a table of values. That is why a Determination of loading capacity especially simple. The values table can be set, for example, in a way empirical

In addition, an especially simple determination and economic load capacity is achieved according to the invention, because for the establishment of an allocation rule between operational parameters and load capacity and / or an allocation rule between the load capacity index and the load capacity, test perforations are made in advance in soil layers with known properties. By means of the comparison of the operational parameters established in the known soil layers and / or load capacity index established here with the values established in the perforations The load capacity of the soil layer can be deducted from the test unknown In particular the load capacity of the soil layer  unknown can be equated with the loading capacity of a layer of known soil, provided there is at least one concordance approximate between the operational parameters and / or the index of Loading capacity. Test perforations serve by consequently for the calibration of the procedure according to the invention and / or the device according to the invention. The properties of the soil layers, in which the perforations of test, in particular its carrying capacity, are established preferably with measurement techniques. For this you can use a known procedure any, for example, a percussion sounding procedure.

For a particularly accurate characterization of the crossed soil it is advantageous that at least one of the parameters  operational records based on the depth of penetration of the drilling rod in the ground. Preferably all operational parameters used for the load capacity determination based on the depth. A record depending on the depth allows establish the stratum and / or the power of the bearing layers. In The operational parameter can be used depending on penetration depth for the determination of a profile of depth of load capacity. For example, the index of load capacity can be established through the depth of drill rod penetration, so you can characterize the depth profile of the ability to load.

Furthermore, according to the invention it is advantageous that at less one of the operational parameters is set for previously determined penetration depths of the bar drilling in the ground. Penetration depths can be, for example, approximately 3 meters. For a measurement similar in sections can reduce the cost in the registration of data. An establishment by parameter sections operational also brings a well-known average, so that the momentary oscillations in operational parameters that result from inhomogeneities premises on the ground.

For the determination of load capacity a from the operational parameters and / or for the determination of the load capacity index, an appropriate calculation device, in particular a computer, which it is in signal connection with parameters sensors operational and / or measurement values that are related to the operational parameters

It is especially advantageous that a depth End of drilling is adjusted according to parameters established operational, in particular the capacity index of established load. For example, it may be planned to drill automatically until a layer of soil is reached with a load capacity limit determined previously.

In particular for a breakthrough especially elevated drilling is planned that the drill rod present in the part of the zone of displacement at least one conveyor propeller The conveyor propeller is provided between the tip of the drill rod and the scroll zone, and it can serve to wear down the soil material that emerges in the drill rod and to transport it to the area of displacement.

In the device according to the invention are provided means for recording operational parameters of the drill rod by axially inserting the rod drilling in the ground, and a calculating device that has in a mathematical relationship the operational parameters for the Determination of the load capacity of the perforations.

A device according to the invention may be adapted in particular for carrying out the procedure according to the invention, whereby the advantages explained can be achieved in this context.

The invention is explained in detail to then by preferred embodiments that are schematically represented in the attached drawing. In this case it shows schematically:

Fig. 1 a side view of a device according to the invention for carrying out the process according to the invention.

An exemplary embodiment of a device displacement drilling according to the invention is represented in fig. 1. The device has a drill rod 10 which can be rotated by a drive device 41 in the direction of the arrow, and can move axially in the arrow direction. Near its tip the drill rod 10 has a scroll zone 20, in which the bar of drilling 10 is configured with a larger diameter compared to the areas arranged above and below. On the side of the area displacement 20 oriented towards the tip of the bar perforation 10 is arranged in the drill rod 10 a first conveyor propeller 11. On the side of the zone offset 20 opposite the tip of the drill rod 10 a second conveyor propeller 12 is provided in the bar drilling 10.

In the rotary introduction of the bar drilling 10 in the ground 3 the soil material that wears out emerges at the tip of the drill rod 10. This material of Worn ground is transported by conveyor propeller 11 lower along the drill rod in the area of displacement 20. Because of the enlargement of the diameter of the drill rod 10 in scroll zone 20, the material  of axially transported worn floor travels in this case radially with respect to the drill rod 10, and it press on the adjacent ground area. Therefore it is done a hole 1 in the floor 3 without the floor material worn out come to light and occur as excavation.

The upper conveyor propeller 12 arranged running opposite the first conveyor propeller 11 serves to the supply of soil material, which bursts into the areas upper drilling in drilling 1, to the area of displacement 20 where it is also pressed radially in the adjacent ground area.

In an upper area of the drill rod 10 this one is flat, that is, it is configured without a propeller conveyor A conveyor propeller arranged flush is not required in a displacement drilling procedure since the worn floor material remains in the ground.

A drill 10 is provided with a pickup device 51, with which the penetration depth of drill rod 10 per drill rod revolution 10. Another device pickup 52 is provided in drive device 41 and serves to determine the torque with which it is loaded the drill rod 10 by the drive device 41. In addition, with the pickup device 52, the penetration force axially oriented on the bar drilling 10. The two pickup devices 51 and 52 are in signal connection with the calculation device 53, in particular in duct joint. This calculation device 53 is used for determination of drilling capacity 1 from of the recorded torque, the depth of penetration by Engraved revolution and recorded penetration force. In particular the calculating device 53 can be used to determine an index load capacity? from the values mentioned.

In the embodiment shown, the soil 3 pierced by drilling 1 has three layers of floor 4, 4 ', 4' 'arranged on each other with different load capacities Therefore the calculation device 53 establishes a different load capacity index every time α, α ', α' 'by gradually crossing the layers of floor 4, 4 ', 4' '.

Claims (8)

1. Procedure for conducting a drilling (1) in the ground (3) by drilling by displacement, in which

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a drill rod (10), which has a lower section than minus a displacement zone (20) of cross section increased and between a tip of the drill rod and the area of displacement (20) at least one conveyor propeller (11, 12), is rotatably enter the ground (3),

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be record operational parameters of the drill rod (10) when introducing the drill rod (10) in the ground (3), Y

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the operational parameters are used to determine the drilling capacity (1),

characterized in that at least the torque of the drill rod (10) and the penetration depth of the drill rod (10) per revolution are used as operational parameters, because for the determination of the capacity of drilling load (1) a quotient is generated between the pair of drilling rod forces (10) and depth of drilling rod penetration (10) per revolution, and by this establishes a load capacity index (?), and because for the establishment of a rule of assignment between the load capacity index (?) and the Load capacity test perforations are performed in advance in soil layers with known properties. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the penetration force of the drill rod (10) is used as an operational parameter. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the established operational parameters and / or the established load capacity index (?) Are compared for the determination of the load capacity with a table of values. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the operational parameters is recorded as a function of the penetration depth of the drill rod (10) in the ground (3), the operational parameter being used as a function of the penetration depth in particular for the determination of a depth profile of the load capacity. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the operational parameters is established for the previously determined penetration depths of the drill rod (10) in the ground (3). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a final drilling depth (1) is adjusted according to the established operational parameters. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a cavity formed by introducing the drill rod (10) into the ground (3) is filled with a particularly hardenable filler material and a drill pile is formed. 8. Device for the realization of a drilling (1) on the ground by displacement drilling,  in particular for carrying out the procedure according to one of the preceding claims, with

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a drill rod (10), which has a lower section than minus a displacement zone (20) of cross section increased and between a tip of the drill rod and the area of displacement (20) at least one transport propeller (11, 12),

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a drive device for rotating drive and the axial displacement of the drill rod (10),

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means being provided for the record of the operational parameters of the drill rod (10) by axially introducing the drill rod (10) into the soil (3), and

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a device of calculation (53) that has the parameters in a mathematical relationship operational for the determination of the load capacity of the perforation (1),

characterized in that the means for recording the operational parameters are designed to record as operational parameters at least the torque on the drill rod (10) and the penetration depth of the drill rod (10) per revolution, because for the determination of the capacity of drilling load (1), the device is designed to form will generate a quotient between the pair of forces in the bar drilling (10) and penetration depth of the bar drilling (10) per revolution, and for that reason establish a load capacity index (α), and because the device is calibrated by test perforations, which for the establishment of a rule of allocation between the load capacity index (?) and the Loading capacity are performed in advance on layers of soil with known properties