ES2325221T3 - METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF A PROCESS MATERIAL WITH LARGE SURFACE PLASMA. - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for the treatment of a process material, where - the process material is contacted with a large surface area, preferably non-thermal, preferably at least atmospheric pressure, - the plasma is generated in the immediate vicinity of the material process or a gas discharge is generated, in particular a corona discharge, in the process material or in the immediate surroundings, preferably at at least atmospheric pressure, characterized in that the plasma generation or gas discharge is caused between the high voltage pulse electrodes (43, 44) (66, 67) with a duration (62) of at least 10 µs.

Description

Method for treating a material Large surface plasma process.

The invention relates to a method for treatment of a process material, where the process material is brought into contact with large surface plasma, preferably non-thermal, preferably at a pressure that is at least Atmospheric, plasma is generated in the immediate proximity of the process material or is generated in the process material or in the immediate neighborhood a download of, in particular, a download crown preferably at at least atmospheric pressure.

The treatment of process materials primarily triggers a change of a molecular structure of the process material, in particular, on its surface. By for example, in the paper industry or in the paper industry textiles, process materials such as rolls Full paper or full textile rolls have to be treated by application with certain substances. At paper example, the following effects are thus achieved:

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Elimination of molecular groups "colored", whereby a clarification of the paper at least in the surface range,

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increased absorption capacity For a printing ink.

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Increase the stability of the paper.

In textiles and plastics it is already done technically the treatment of surfaces with "cold" plasmas non-thermal, to improve the ability to be colored and / or the ability to be stamped through functionalization superficial, or also to control other specific properties to which one aspires as for example flame protection, rejection or attraction to water.

From DE 198 36 669 A1 a method is known for the previous surface treatment of paper or cardboard with plasma.

Of WO 2004/101891 A1 and FR-A-2711680 methods are known for surface treatment with paper and fiber plasma linked.

So far there are no known methods of treatment, as they are for example essential in the industry of the paper, for the control of the very high speeds of process current.

It is an objective of the invention a result of treatment that is achieved through a treatment of a plasma process material, to improve and / or increase the effectiveness of plasma generation.

The goal is achieved through the generation plasma or gas discharge between impulse electrodes high voltage with a duration of at least 10 \ mus. He use of such short individual high voltage impulses has shown to be particularly advantageous, compared to the application of radiofrequency (RF) or microwave or pulse pulses individual high voltage with more than 10 \ mus duration They are by far less efficient. To obtain a good efficiency energy in plasma generation and its positive effects, both in gases and liquids, it works for it preferably with very short high voltage pulses. The Pulse duration should be clearly shorter, compared to the corresponding to a formation time of the total time of drilling, in the respective medium.

According to the invention, as opposed to known procedures for textiles and plastics, it does not work with a low pressure plasma reactor, which is very expensive due to the indispensable generation of vacuum, but it is applied atmospheric pressure.

Preferably, the process material is a fibrous tissue not interwoven into a suspension, in particular fibers or pulp, a paper to be manufactured, a cardboard to be manufactured, a cardboard to be manufactured, its starting materials for production and / or its intermediate products during production, in Particularly a wet or dry and / or non-pressed sheet.

Preferably, the plasma is generated at a distance less than 20 cm, preferably less than 10 cm, more preferred less than 5 cm of the process material. To reach a good treatment result, for example a bleach of a roll of paper it is advantageous to generate the plasma in the immediate surroundings of the process material.

It is advantageous for the process material to enter contact with the plasma or be treated through discharge of gas on both sides. Plasma treatment on both sides of the process material makes possible a high efficiency of the treatment and preferably high penetration depth in the process material of, for example, aggressive vehicles.

A preferred way of operating the invention is use the plasma or the gas discharge to bleach the process material, in particular in an oven, in a container of bleaching or driving If the method is applied for example within a joint element or a conduit, which is prepared for the transport of the process material, then the method for the treatment of the material of process advantageously during transport and with it Shorten the process time.

In a further preferred modification, it is set in contact with the process material with at least one electrode for plasma generation or gas discharge.

Properly, the method is applied on different types or states of the process materials. In a preferred application, the content of the carrier liquid, in particular water, in the process material is in the range between 40% and 99.9%, preferably in the range between 80% and 98% and in particular in the range between 85% and 98%. With the use of the method according to the invention, within a carrier liquid they can chemical reactions are also advantageously generated particularly efficient that cause the result of treatment.

Preferably, in the plasma or by means of the Gas discharge is generated radicals that act on the materials of process. These radicals effect a chemical reaction, by example with bleaching effect, which effectively supports the achievement of the treatment purpose of the treatment process.

With particular advantage radicals of different type or composition for different material states of process in a paper, cardboard or cardboard production process, in particular at different stages of the process.

It is particularly preferred and convenient that in a paper or cardboard production process, the material of process is exposed to radicals of different type or composition within a few stages of the process, preferably one after Another in time. Thus, stage by stage, it is achieved with advantage an optimal treatment result.

It is convenient that as radicals generate ozone, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl, HO2 and / or HO_ {2} -.

Advantageously, in the bleaching of Process materials, plasma or gas discharge are applied so that radicals form ozone and / or peroxide of increased hydrogen

Starting from the application of different types or combinations of radicals on different process inputs, is advantageous that, during screening and / or in the process material Distributed two-dimensionally, apply plasma or discharge of gas such that hydroxyl is formed as radicals, HO 2 and / or HO 2 {-} increased.

Advantageously, a rate of generation of radicals and / or radical composition generated, influencing an amplitude, a pulse duration and / or a pulse repetition rate of the high voltage pulse. Since, apart from the type and composition of the radicals, also the concentration of the radicals is generated by a process electrical and with it it modulates very well in real time, such a method It is very economical and can be adjusted later within shorter time, for different treatment results such as for example in the context with algorithms that have the ability to Be self-taught

It is convenient that for modulation and regulation of the generation rate and / or type of radicals generated, a concentration of the generated radicals is measured. In a regulation circuit or regulation method preferably used for plasma generation, the concentration of radicals as real value.

For the control and modulation of the rate of generation or composition of the generated radicals, it reaches an additional increase in the influence taken by aspirates, measuring a property of the suspension, preferably a quality property, in particular its opacity, brightness, whiteness, fluorescence colored. Under the result of the measurement of quality properties, you get a feedback that optimally controls the process of treatment

Properly, the concentration or property "online". Having in It has an automated process, this is particularly advantageous, preferably with automation components and sensors, since the reaction occurs almost simultaneously with a Changing quality property.

For regulation, it is appropriate to change the high voltage pulse amplitude at a constant rate of repetition.

In a convenient additional modification, for the regulation changes the repetition rate of the high pulse voltage at a constant amplitude.

A further improvement of the result of the treatment, enriching with oxygen the material of process, preferably for bleaching, in the field of plasma incidence

If the process material is present as suspension or pulp or as fiber porridge, then it is particularly advantageous that, taking into account the result of treatment, preferably for bleaching, use a high voltage pulse duration less than 100 ns. Yes for example the electrodes of a bleaching device are placed by complete inside the suspension, because of the high suspension conductivity is very advantageous to work with Small durations of high voltage impulse. The higher it is the conductivity, for example of the suspension, but can present "ohmic loss" at very high durations of impulse.

In addition, in the sense of an optimal result of the treatment it is convenient that the distributed process material two-dimensionally, in particular by sieving, be surrounded in the field of incidence of plasma by an atmosphere enriched with water vapor.

Preferably, for a process material superficially distributed, in particular pulp or porridge fiber or for sheet not yet pressed which is formed or formed, in Particularly in sieving, a pulse duration of high voltage from 100 ns to 1 \ mus. As already mentioned, in suspensions with high conductivity loss occurs "ohmic"; hence it is advantageous to use impulses with a Low pulse duration and high flank slope.

For suspensions with conductivity extremely high is preferably preferably apply a pulse high voltage with a duration of less than 3 \ mus, preferably less than 1 [mu], preferably less than 500 ns. The application of short pulses has the advantage that for a side the largest proportion of the impulse energy is not transformed as an ohmic fraction into heat and on the other a Current load with more efficient radical generation.

In addition, it is particularly advantageous that for a process material distributed two-dimensionally, in particular for pulps or fiber porridge or for sheet not yet pressed which is form or formed, in particular in sieving, be applied in electrodes the amplitude corresponding to at least twice the value, preferably at least three times the value of a Corona employment voltage.

In addition, it is appropriate for the generation of plasma or corona discharge a corona discharge is generated of the same voltage and the corona discharge of the same voltage is overlap with high voltage pulses. Overlapping high voltage impulses with an equal voltage have the particular advantage that already from a very high energy level they can start the high-voltage impulses rich in energy.

In addition, it is preferred to employ a rate of pulse repetition between 10 Hz and 5 kHz, in particular of the range from 10 Hz to 10 kHz.

For the aforementioned automation of the method it is advantageous that the injection of electric power power into the plasma is governed mainly by the regulation of amplitude, pulse duration and repetition rate of impulse, of the superimposed high voltage impulse.

In a preferred application of the method it is generated a homogeneous, high volume plasma with high power density without contraction or perforation of the plasma. By means of the stable plasma generation can maintain a rate of constant and high generation, if instead the plasma contraction or perforation then the rate of generation.

It is also appropriate that, in case use a DC voltage of such height, in the plasma is formed, in combination with superimposed high voltage impulses, a download stable CD crown.

In this, it is particularly advantageous that the total amplitude used (CD voltage + pulse amplitudes) be over the static breakdown voltage of the array of electrodes

In addition, the total amplitude used is preferably 2-5 times the static voltage of break corresponding to the arrangement of the electrodes.

It is particularly suitable that the amplitudes of the high voltage pulses are between 10% and 1000% of the voltage CD used.

For uniform distribution of plasma over the process material is suitable that a current of gas perpendicular to the arrangement of the electrodes.

Alternatively, it may be generated a gas stream parallel to the arrangement of the electrodes.

Preferably, examples of operation of the invention that however are in no case limiting, are explained now in more detail by virtue of the illustration. For the clarification the illustration is drawn to scale, and certain Features are represented only schematically. The corresponding parts are in the figures provided with symbols of reference of the same. It shows in detail the

Fig 1 a schematic representation of a installation for paper production with a device sieving, a pressing device and a tuning installation and / or dried,

Fig 2 a bleaching device,

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Fig 3 a representation (cut) of an arrangement For the generation of plasma radicals in pulp or air corona: arrangement of parallel plates or tubes with wire, which is superimposed on a high pulsating voltage,

Fig 4 a representation of the principle of impulses for the generation of radicals in corona discharge in air or in aqueous media through the use of high voltage pulses short (typically <1 \ mus) with high repetition rate of impulse,

Fig 5 to Fig 10 electrode array and system of electrodes for the generation of corona discharges: arrangements plate-plate, plate-wire-plate, coaxial wire-tube, tips-plate, poly-plates-plate, mesh-plate (tube), mesh-mesh,

Fig 11 a hybrid discharge, where an electrode It is completely over the middle of the sieve, while the second electrode is formed by the sieve,

Fig 12 an order of plates or mesh with curved surfaces for adjusting the vessel wall or good use of them as electrode, concentric electrodes in form of pipes for the use of the existing pipe or towers for the pulp as a reaction vessel,

Fig 13 a pulsating discharge in the gas zone close to the surface on the sieve regulator with arrangement of multiple plates and wires, and

Fig 14 a pulsating corona discharge system with wires-coaxial tubes, with gas bubbles pearls, finely distributed, so that in the range of discharge are present very fine gas beads and comes out predominantly a generator formation in the bubbles of gas.

Fig 1 shows a schematic representation of a complex installation for the production of paper 1, as employed in the paper mills of today. Its construction and the Composition of different aggregates are determined by the type of quality of paper, cardboard and cardboard to be produced as well as of type of raw material used. The production facility of paper 1 has an extension in the space of approximately 10 m wide and approximately 120 m long. The installation for the paper production produces up to 1400 m of paper 27 per minute. It takes only a few seconds since the first crash of the suspension or pulp 39 on the screening device 9 up to that paper 27 is ready, which is finally rolled in a roll 15. Fibrous material 30 (see Fig 2) diluted with water in a 1: 100 ratio, together with auxiliary substances is applied on the screening device 9 with the sieve 10. The fibers are deposited on the screen 10 together and one on the other. Sieve Water 23 It can be drained or aspirated by means of several chamber zones aspiration 24. In this way a homogeneous union of fibers arises the which is further dehydrated by mechanical pressure in a pressing device 11 and with the help of hot steam. He total paper production process is subdivided into it essentially in the material treatment areas, machine paper, refining and endowment.

The paper used and as a rule also the cellulose arrive at a paper mill in dry form, while wood pulp is usually generated in the same factory and is pumped as a water / fiber mixture, therefore as a suspension of interwoven fibrous material, to the central Materials 3. Used paper and cellulose 30 (see Fig 2) are also dissolved by adding water in a pile of fibers 35 (Fig  2). The non-paper components are let out on different classification aggregates (not shown here). In material center 3 occurs, depending on the type of paper desired, the mixture of different raw materials. Here too auxiliary and filler substances are added, which serve for the improvement of paper quality and the increase of productivity.

The material stop 7 of the installation for paper production 1 homogeneously distributes the suspension of fibrous material over the total sieve width. At the end of screening device 9 the paper roll 27 still contains approximately 80% water

In the pressing device 11 occurs by mechanical pressure an additional dehydration process. On it, paper roll 27 is driven by means of a felt cloth endless absorbent between steel, granite or ebonite rollers, and thereby dehydrated. A part of the water from the sieve 23 is collected by means of the suction chamber zone 24 it is transported to a classifier 5 and another part is recirculated to a collector of pulp 17. To the pressing device 11 is connected a drying system 13. The remaining water is evaporated in the drying installation 13. Sliding the roll of Paper 27 passes through several steam-heated drying cylinders. In the end, the paper roll 27 has a low percentage of humidity. The water vapor generated in the drying installation 13 is aspirated and led to a heat recovery facility not represented.

For a fiber suspension treatment 39 as process material according to the method according to the invention, are arranged in a first example of operation between the top of the material 7 and the area of the beginning of the device screening 9, a first electrode 43 under the screening device 9 and a second electrode 44 on the screening device 9. The electrodes 43 and 44 are arranged so that the suspension of Fiber 39 distributed two-dimensionally passes between them. With that, for the treatment of the fiber suspension 39 a large surface plasma at atmospheric pressure in the immediate proximity of the fiber suspension 39, electrodes 43 and 44 they are attached to a high voltage pulse generator 46. With this high voltage pulse generator is produced between the electrodes 43 and 44 a bulky plasma with a large cross section and with high power density This distributes a density of homogeneously plasma over the treatment area, which is covered by electrodes 43 and 44. According to the invention, This bulky plasma with high power density is generated from so that it superimposes on an intense, impulse corona corona discharge High voltage and short duration, with a high repetition rate 1kHz pulse This way of operation is generated an extremely bulky homogeneous plasma with a high density of power, without the occurrence of corona CD discharges known contractions of plasma.

To support the effect of the treatment, which exerts the cold bulky plasma on the fiber suspension, it introduces into the treatment zone between electrodes 43 and 44, if necessary, oxygen with argon as a support gas by means of a gas distributor 81 for a gas line 80. With the help of the oxygen-argon mixture are generated so particularly advantageous hydroxyl radicals. The radicals hydroxyl are particularly aggressive and oxidizing, thereby achieves a bleaching effect of the process material that remains only a few seconds in the treatment area of between electrodes 43 and 44.

A second is also shown in Fig 1 example of operation of the application of the method according to the invention:

In a manner analogous to the above, with an electrode system 47, 48 is generated in the device pressed 11 a large surface plasma for the treatment of paper roll 27, which here represents the process material. He first electrode 47 in device 11 is constructed as a semicircular mesh electrode. For the semicircular design of the electrode 47, the paper roll path can continue on a transport roller 12. The second electrode 48 in the pressing device 11 is conditioned as an electrode of plate and arranged in such a way that the transport roller 12 can be operated between electrodes 47 and 48. To stimulate here also the formation of radicals in the plasma can, if necessary, having an oxygen-argon mixture affected the Plasma treatment zone by gas distributor 81 with gas conduction 80.

The pressing procedure condenses the paper structure, influences in a decisive way in a Greater stability and surface quality. Through the treatment of cold plasma pressed paper, in particular with the generated radicals, the structure is modified further molecular surface of the paper. Increase the stability of the 27 paper and improves the ability to be stamped.

With the usual arrangements of electrodes 43 and 44 as well as 47 and 48 is possible, according to the method according to the invention, driving the paper roll 27 between the generators of discharge. A generator is a special form of a plasma cloud that moves in a linear fashion or a discharge channel located in the development, which is formed following the stimulated high intensity of external field A formation of such a generator takes place within less than 10 ns and it becomes very fast in a thermal channel of penetration. The usual arrangement of electrode systems, where the roll of paper 27 is between the used electrodes For the discharge generator, it is particularly advantageous since that paper 27 acts partially as a barrier dielectric whereby the breakdown of the generator is suppressed.

Fig 2 shows a bleaching device 38 as a third application example. A raw material 30, in particular cellulose, is transported - here the process material - on a conveyor belt 33 to a fiber stack 35. In the fiber stack 35 the raw material 30 is mixed with water and pumped through a conduit tubular 36 to a bleaching cell 37. A first electrode 43 'and a second electrode 44' are operated in each case as a circular area mesh electrode. The first electrode 43 'is disposed in the head space of the suspension 39 of cellulose fibers placed in the bleach cell 37. The second electrode 44' is disposed inside the bleach cell 37 and is thus completely covered by suspension 39 of cellulose fibers. Between the two electrodes 43 'and 44' a large cold plasma is generated by means of the high voltage pulse generator
46.

By direct treatment of the suspension 39 of cellulose fibers with the cold plasma, the radicals OH -, HOO -, O, O 3 are preferably generated in the suspension 39. These radicals cause a chemical bleaching reaction. The high voltage pulse generator 46 is operated in such a way that it generates a high voltage pulse with a duration of 1 mus between electrodes 43 'and 44'. A necessary DC voltage for the generation of radicals and ozone in the cellulose fiber suspension is approximately 10 kV to 100 kV. The high voltage pulses overlap the voltage and thus form a total amplitude of about 10 kV to 500 kV. By treating the suspension 39 of cellulose fibers with a cold electrical discharge, that is plasma, the radicals are generated in situ . In this way, large total amounts of radicals can be applied in the suspension 39. The generated radicals are also finely distributed in the suspension, so that the cost that until now was needed for mixing the chemicals with the suspension can also be reduced.

For further improvement of the process bleaching is introduced into bleach stack 37 by means of a gas conduction 80 an oxygen-argon mixture, which was prepared at a gas distributor 81.

Fig 3 shows as a fourth example of apply a cut representation of a bleach container.  An electrode is arranged in the center of the bleach container high voltage 50. The outer shell of the bleaching vessel it is prepared as a counter electrode 51. In the container of bleaching is a suspension of cellulose fibers 39. Between the electrodes 50 and 51 a generator 53 is shown. radicals are originated in the generator so that electrons rich in energy collide with molecules and thereby dissociate or activate. In dissociation radicals are immediately released 59, while in activation they are generated by a step subsequent radiant UV light. These generated by UV light they react again with water molecules and dissociate these.

In Fig. 4 the characteristic voltage of the high voltage pulses, used in accordance with the invention, is represented. A first pulse 66 and a second pulse 67, with a pulse amplitude 62 of less than 10 mus in each case, exhibit a pulse repetition time interval 63. In the abscissa the time is indicated in ms and in the ordered the voltage in kV is indicated. The units are chosen arbitrarily. A level of approximately
100 kV of the DC voltage drops together with the abscissa represented. The pulse voltage represented is thus the superimposed DC voltage. Pulses 66 and 67 have a strongly rising side with a rise time 64 and a flank that falls less inclined. The pulse repetition time 63 is typically between 10 µm and 100 ms.

In this the individual impulses 66, 67 have such total amplitude, such that over the predetermined continuous voltage  a predetermined energy density is also reached. How I know mentioned, the pulse lift time 64 is short on it Comparison with pulse reduction time. Through such type of impulses are achieved that electric drilling can be avoided, the which would lead to spatial and temporal distortions in the homogeneous distribution of plasma density.

Fig 5 to Fig 10 show other examples of electrode systems for the generation of corona discharges in preferably aqueous media, which may be for use according to the method according to the invention. In Fig 5 it is represented a plate-plate arrangement of a first plate 70a as electrode and the second plate 70b as electrode. The first plate 70a and the second plate 70b are arranged in parallel a Regarding the other. The first plate 70a forms the high electrode voltage and is connected with a high voltage cable to the generator high voltage pulses 46. The second plate 70b forms the counter counter electrode and is like a grounded electrode along with the high voltage pulse generator 46.

An arrangement is shown in Fig 6 corresponding with special flat plate electrodes. exist again two solid plate electrodes 70a and 70c at interval fixed, where a high voltage electrode 71 passes through the center. this plate-wire-plate arrangement, the high voltage electrode 71 is built as solid wire and joins the high voltage pulse generator 46 with the high output voltage. The plates 70a, 70c are also grounded together with the high voltage pulse generator.

Fig 7 shows a wire-tube arrangement like electrode system On a cylindrical electrode 72, a high voltage electrode 71 protrudes in half. As in the Fig 6, the high voltage electrode 71 is constructed as a wire solid and is connected to the high voltage pulse generator 46. The cylindrical electrode 72, which is designed preferably as a wire net, it is grounded together with the high voltage pulse generator 46.

Fig 8 shows an arrangement of Needle-plate as electrode system. Three needles 73 are connected to the high voltage pulse generator 46 through high voltage conduction. The needles 73 are arranged perpendicular to a plate electrode 74 grounded. Distance of needle electrodes 73 to the plate electrode 74 is adjustable and can thereby adjust to Different process conditions.

Fig 9 shows a system arrangement of electrodes, which includes 3 plates 70a, 70d and 70e. The first plate 70a, which is connected as a high voltage electrode with the high voltage pulse generator 46, is arranged in half between two solid plates 70d and 70e. The plates 70a and 70b are joined on a 70f plate connector. Since the 70d plate is grounded as a counter electrode together with the generator high voltage pulse 46, plate 70e over plate connector 70f also has the function of a counter electrode set to land.

Fig 10 shows an electrode system as mesh-mesh arrangement. Analogously to Fig 5 they are here in parallel and face to face a first mesh 75a and a second mesh 75b. The first 75th mesh thereby forms the high voltage electrode and is connected to the pulse generator high voltage 46. The second mesh 75b forms the counter electrode grounded and connected to the high pulse generator voltage 46.

With the arrangement shown in Fig 11, it is generated a hybrid discharge, where an electrode 75a is located completely out of a pulp 39 to be bleached and a second electrode 76b is totally or partially submerged in the pulp 39. In this other application example, electrode 76 is operated as a mesh electrode and is attached to the generator high voltage pulse 46. Also, counter electrode 76b set to Earth is operated as a mesh electrode.

Fig 12 is a plan representation of another example of application a bleach tub with a wall of container 77. For the bleaching tub an arrangement of plates or mesh with curved surfaces for adjustment over the container walls or the use of the walls of the container as electrode. A multiple wire electrode 79 is arranged as a concentric electrode, which follows the course of the wall 77 of the vessel and is connected to the pulse generator high voltage 46. Two counter electrodes face each other: on one side the wall 76 of the container and on the other electrode of plates 78. The high voltage electrode 79 is arranged free of contact between the wall 76 of the container and the plate electrode 78. The wall 77 of the container and the plate electrode 78 are united to each other by the electricity they conduct, and form with it is the grounded electrodes, which are connected to the high voltage pulse generator 46.

To generate pulsating downloads in space with a head close to the surface on the pulp 39, it is represented in Fig 13 as another example of application a special arrangement of electrodes A high voltage electrode 50 includes several bar electrodes electrically attached to each other and is arranged in the head space near the surface of the pulp 39 such that its bars have a parallel course to the surface. A grounded counter electrode 51 is constructed as a plate and is arranged equidistant on the total surface of the high voltage electrode 50.

Fig 14 shows as a last example of operation, a corona discharge system in an aqueous solution or pulp 39. The electrode system is formed analogously to Fig 3 as a coaxial system of electrodes and wires. He high voltage electrode 50 is arranged coaxially to the counter electrode 51, which forms the wall of the container. For support the bleaching effect, they are introduced to the discharge zone, through the gas line 80 by means of a gas distributor 81, Very fine gas pearls. In gas bubbles 82 and 83 are formed preferably the generators mentioned in Fig 3. Because of the oxides of the oxidants 57 are generated. In this way, they generate in the suspension certain radicals.

Claims (36)

1. Method for the treatment of a material process where

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he process material is contacted with a large plasma surface, preferably non-thermal, preferably under pressure at least atmospheric,

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he Plasma is generated in the immediate proximity of the process material or a gas discharge is generated, in particular a corona discharge, in the process material or in the immediate surroundings, preferably at at least atmospheric pressure,

characterized in that the generation of the plasma or the discharge of the gas is caused between the high voltage impulse electrodes (43, 44) (66, 67) with a duration (62) of at least 10 µm. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the process material includes a fibrous material not interwoven into a suspension, in particular fibers or pulp (39), a paper to be manufactured (27), a cardboard to be manufactured, a cardboard to be manufactured, its starting materials (30) for production, and / or its intermediate products during production, in particular a wet, dry and / or non-pressed non-pressed sheet. 3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the plasma is generated at a distance of less than 20 cm, preferably less than 10 cm, preferably less than 5 cm, of the process material. 4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the process material is brought into contact on both sides with the plasma or is treated by means of gas discharge. 5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the plasma or gas discharge is used for bleaching the process material, in particular in an oven, in a bleaching vessel (37) or in a pipe . Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the process material is contacted with at least one electrode (44) for the generation of the plasma or the gas discharge. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the content of the support liquid, in particular water, in the process material is in the range between 40% and 99.9%, preferably in the range between 80% and 98% and in particular in the range between 85% and 98%. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the plasma or radicals (59) are generated by means of the gas discharge, which act on the process material. 9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that for different states of the process material in a paper, cardboard or cardboard production process, in particular for different process materials, radicals (59) of different type or composition are used. Method according to claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the process material within a process stage in a paper or cardboard production process is exposed to radicals (59) of different type or composition, preferably following one behind the other. in the time. Method according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that ozone (O 3), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), hydroxyl (OH), HO_ {are generated as radicals (59). 2} and / or HO 2 -. 12. Method according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that during the bleaching of the process material the plasma or gas discharge is applied, such that as radicals (59) propagate and / or form ozone (O_ {3}) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 13. Method according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that during the screening and / or in the two-dimensionally distributed process material, the plasma or gas discharge is applied such that as radicals (59) hydroxyl are propagated ( OH), HO 2 and / or HO 2 - is formed. 14. Method according to one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that a rate of generation of the radicals (59) and / or the composition of the generated radicals (59) is modulated by influencing an amplitude (U), a pulse duration (62) and / or a pulse repetition rate (63) of the high voltage pulses (66, 67). 15. Method according to one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that for the modulation and regulation of the generation rate and / or the type of the generated radicals (59) a concentration of the generated radicals (59) is measured.

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16. Method according to one of claims 8 to 15, characterized in that for the modulation and regulation of the generation rate or the composition of the generated radicals (59), a suspension property, preferably a quality property, is measured in particular opacity, brightness, whiteness, fluorescence or colored spots. 17. Method according to one of claims 15 to 16, characterized in that the concentration or property is measured "in line". 18. Method according to one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the amplitude (U) of the high voltage pulse (66, 67) is changed at constant repetition rate (63) for regulation. 19. Method according to one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that for regulation the repetition rate (63) of the high voltage pulse (66, 67) is changed to a constant amplitude (U). 20. Method according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the process material, preferably for bleaching, is enriched with oxygen in the area of incidence of the plasma. 21. Method according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that a high voltage pulse duration (62) of less than 100 ns is preferably used for bleaching. 22. Method according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the two-dimensionally distributed process material, in particular during screening, is surrounded by an atmosphere enriched in water vapor in the area of incidence of the plasma. 23. Method according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that for two-dimensionally distributed process materials, in particular pulp (39) or fiber pulp or sheet not pressed or in formation or formed, in particular during screening, a high voltage pulse duration (62) from 100 ns to 1 \ mus. 24. Method according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that high voltage pulses (66.67) with a duration (62) of less than 3 [mu], preferably less than 1 [mu], preferably less than 500 ns are applied. 25. Method according to one of claims 14 to 24, characterized in that for two-dimensionally distributed process materials, in particular pulp (39) or fiber pulp or sheet not pressed or in formation or formed, in particular during screening, the amplitude ( U) corresponding placed on the electrodes is at least twice the value, preferably at least three times the value, of a corona application voltage. 26. Method according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that for the generation of the plasma or of the corona discharge, a continuous voltage corona discharge is generated and the high voltage impulses overlap the continuous voltage corona (66, 67 ). 27. Method according to one of claims 14 to 26, characterized in that a pulse repetition rate (63) between 10 Hz and 5 kHz is used, in particular from the range of 10 Hz to 10 kHz. 28. Method according to one of claims 14 to 27, characterized in that the injection of electric power power into the plasma is governed primarily by the regulation of the amplitude (U), pulse duration (62), and pulse repetition ( 63) of the high voltage pulse that has been superimposed. 29. Method according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that a homogeneous bulky plasma is generated, with high power density, without contraction or perforation of the plasma. 30. Method according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that a CD voltage of such height is used that, together with the superposed high voltage pulses, a stable CD corona discharge is formed in the plasma. 31. A method according to claim 29, characterized in that the DC voltage used is below that used for stable operation without high voltage pulse overlap. 32. Method according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that the total amplitude employed (CD voltage + pulse amplitude) is above the static breakdown voltage of the electrode array. 33. Method according to one of claims 30 to 32, characterized in that the total amplitude used corresponds to two to five times the static breakdown voltage of the electrode array. 34. Method according to one of claims 30 to 33, characterized in that the amplitude (U) of the high voltage pulse is between 10% and 1000% of the DC voltage used. 35. Method according to one of claims 1 to 34, characterized in that a gas stream is generated perpendicular to the array of electrodes (43, 44). 36. Method according to one of claims 1 to 35, characterized in that a gas stream is generated parallel to the array of electrodes (43, 44).

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