ES2341506T3 - MEMBRANE ELEMENT AND PROCEDURE FOR SURFACE COATING, IN PARTICULAR OF CEILINGS OR WALLS. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a membrane element for covering surfaces, more particularly for covering ceilings or walls, comprising a frame and a membrane material stretched over said frame. The membrane element is characterized in that at least one frame region is bent inwardly due to forces exerted on the frame by the membrane material and that the inwardly bent frame region has tightening units for pulling or pushing said frame region outwardly with respect to an abutment, towards the unbent state. The invention further relates to a method for covering surfaces, more particularly for covering ceilings or walls.

Description

Membrane element and procedure for surface coating, particularly of ceilings or walls.

According to a first aspect, this invention refers to a membrane element intended for surface coating, particularly of ceilings or walls, according to the preamble of claim 1.

It also constitutes an object of the invention a procedure for surface coating, in particular of ceilings and walls, according to the preamble of the claim 13.

Finally, the invention relates to a coating of a surface made from the elements of membrane according to the invention.

A generic type membrane element comprises a frame and a tensioned membrane element on East.

A membrane element of this class is known already for the document WO-A-02/08534.

For coating a surface, in particular of a wall or a ceiling, are applied on the surface to be coated membrane elements with a frame and a membrane material tensioned on it, arranged next to each other.

In known rack systems, the tensile forces that necessarily appear are discharged from the tensioned membrane by flexion over the entire length of the frame edges. For this reason profiles are required relatively wide to minimize deformations from this request. This results in a consumption of high material, great weights and high costs and it is especially undesirable in the case of illuminated membrane elements later as the widths are clearly visible frame profiles. In another variant according to the state of the technique the membrane tension is obtained by a mechanism of springs arranged inside the frame. This mechanism is technically complex and also occupies a considerable space of the profile width

The objective of the invention is to create an element of membrane and a procedure for surface coating that allow to cover a surface with structures of considerably narrower frame.

This objective is resolved in a first aspect of the invention by means of the membrane element presenting the characteristics of claim 1.

In another aspect of the invention the objective through the procedure with the characteristics of the claim 13.

Advantageous variants of the procedure according to the invention and preferred embodiments of the membrane element according to the invention constitute the Subject of the dependent claims.

The membrane element of the aforementioned class It is characterized according to the invention by the fact that less one area of the frame is bent inwards due to the forces exerted by the membrane element on the frame, and because in the area of the curved inward frame are tension units are provided to stretch or push this part of the frame outwards with respect to an opposite support, in the sense of uncurved state.

The class procedure cited above for surface coating is perfected according to the invention because the racks of the membrane elements are pre-tensioned with the membrane material, with which at least one area of the frame bends inwards due to the forces exerted by the tension, and because the pre-tensioned membrane elements having the curved frame areas are applied on the surface being treated of coating, and because to close the coating at least one part of the membrane elements with their membrane zones curved inwards attract each other or compress.

It can be considered as a basic idea of the invention firstly the recognition that it is essential that the View width of the profiles is kept as small as possible. In this way the frame system acquires a decisive advantage, especially when used in lighting applications.

The inventors have also recognized that torsions that appear on the racks that are more slender, in particular of some areas of the frame, they can be annulled simple when pushing outward or stretching outward the frame areas curved inwards, towards an element adjoining opposite.

A basic idea of the invention can be considered that the racks are made as slender possible so that at least parts of the frame are curved inward due to the forces that the membrane element exerts on the frame.

Finally, another basic idea of the invention consists in providing in the area of the curved frame elements inward tensioning units to stretch or push these frame parts outward relative to an element Otherwise, in the direction of the uncurved state.

A first essential advantage of the invention it can be considered that in comparison with the state of the art it is possible to obtain considerably more racks slender and therefore there is clearly a greater margin, for example for a lighting design.

Another essential advantage and basic idea of the invention is that the assembly, in particular the opening and / or Lining closure can be done from the front, in particular from a face seen. This simplifies considerably the placement of the coating according to the invention.

The frame elements provided by the invention are suitable for coating flat surfaces or curved in one direction, preferably in the field of architectural applications, for example in ceilings, walls or panels, both indoors and outdoors. The racks that described here can be coated by tensing them with sheets, fabrics, in particular coated fabrics, dispersion sheets of light and nonwoven fabrics of all kinds. Therefore the membrane elements can serve in addition to their function of lining to decorate, give luminosity and / or illuminate. He coating according to the invention and the membrane elements according to the invention can also perform a function acoustics, that is, they can be used to cushion or mitigate the noise and sounds. A combination of the functions cited.

The novelty offered by the invention can considered to be in the way in which the membrane is tensioned, in the slenderness of the frame elements, which is especially an advantage in the case of surfaces with backlighting, as well as finally in the ease of assembly and disassembly partial or total of membrane elements already installed.

In a particularly preferred variant, the Frame of the membrane elements is lined by both sides, the membrane material being able to be on the first face a diffuser material and the membrane material by the second face a lighting technology. The diffuser material takes care that the lighting effect is not damaged by dirt, for example by dead insects, and that the means are not drawn bright.

In preferred embodiments of the coating according to the invention there are light sources for carry out the backlighting of the elements of membrane. Thanks to the racks that according to the invention are can be performed with considerably greater slenderness can be Get numerous new designs.

In principle, the membrane material is you can fix on the frame anyway, for example by a plurality of point junctions, eg fixings to Pressure. A simple union of the membrane element with the mounting frame and that does not give rise to folds is achieved when the membrane material is fixed to the frame by means of a junction joint.

The frame can be constituted in principle of known and suitable materials for this in terms of mechanical properties, for example plastic materials. Without however it is especially convenient for the frame to be consisting of aluminum profiles, in particular with section semi-elliptical

The opposite support can be formed in principle for any object that is mechanically appropriate. Without however, the areas of inward curved frame of membrane elements contiguous In accordance with the invention, these frame areas curved inwards then attract or compress each other so that the forces that appear on the racks will cancel out reciprocally. For this purpose, the number of tensioning elements provided in the areas of the frame according with the length of the rack areas in question each other by traction or compression, as well as by force tensioner of the membrane material.

In an alternative variant they can serve as opposite elements also edge profiles, which may contain in particular home automation components such as for example electrical connections or data lines.

The tensioning elements of the membrane element according to the invention contain threaded joints to exercise traction on curved frame areas, towards the support opposite. These tensioning elements can be realized in a way simple and economical and safely fulfill their mission. For keep the manufacturing cost of the frame profiles, there may be for threaded joints  sliding nuts fixed on the frame, and there may also be threaded bolts to screw the sliding nuts, in particularly in opposite frame areas. These sliding nuts They are in principle threaded nuts.

In order to bring opposite areas together of the frame the threaded bolt can present in an example of simple implementation a right hand thread at a first end and a left hand thread at a second end, in which case the nuts Slides will be equipped with the corresponding threads.

Threaded bolts screw easily on the sliding nuts if the sliding nuts are fixed inside the frame but housed with some slack.

In another preferred alternative that characterized by particularly safe driving possibilities there is a wheel of rotation for the threaded bolt in the frame drive, in particular a cogwheel.

Functionality is achieved especially adapted to the closing of the tensioning units if the threaded bolt it has an area of reduced diameter for the passage through the Sliding nut, a rear stop to ensure the advance towards the drive wheel and a front stop to secure the displacement against the sliding nut.

In the area of the tensioning units is formed conveniently a recess in the frame to access the tensioning units by means of a tool. In the case of be aluminum profiles this can be achieved from a economic way and in principle known.

It is possible to work specially controlled and safe if in the frame and within the area of the recess there are some fastening means, in particular screws, for the defined application of the tool.

In an alternative that is not part of the invention, the tensioning units may comprise pressure joints.  In a simple variant, a pressure joint is obtained by an independent pressure piece that can be applied on the frame, and in particular that is sliding.

According to the procedure they are compressed for it the areas of the frame curved towards the inside of the elements membrane contiguous by at least one piece of pressure, which can present in particular a U-shaped or H-shaped profile, in the corner areas, applying the piece of pressure in the corner area of the frame on both racks, and then sliding the pressure piece away from the corner area, which compresses the frame areas curved into the elements of contiguous membrane Eventually several of such pressure pieces in two frame areas to be joined each other, sliding them over.

For cleaning or maintenance, the elements of membrane can be removed entirely by releasing the elements tensioners, or can only be folded outwards.

Other peculiarities and characteristics of membrane element according to the invention of the process according to the invention and the coating according to the invention They are described below with reference to the figures Accompanied schematics. These show:

Fig. 1: a schematic view of an element membrane according to the invention;

Fig. 2: in a sectional view, an example of realization of a frame profile for a membrane element according to the invention;

Fig. 3: A partially sectioned view of the profile of the frame of Fig. 2 with the machining for the housing of the components of the tensioning units;

Fig. 4: a perspective view of an area of corner of a membrane element according to the invention;

Fig. 5: the frame profile of Fig. 2 with membrane materials, rushes and sliding nuts fixed to the same as well as position insurance;

Fig. 6: the coating according to the invention before contracting membrane elements together;

Fig. 7: a coating according to the invention with tension units indicated schematically, in been tensed with each other;

Fig. 8: another embodiment of a coating according to the invention with an edge profile;

Fig. 9: a detailed view of the union of the membrane elements with the edge profile:

Fig. 10: several views of a wheel drive for a tensioning unit;

Fig. 11: the wheel arrangement of drive of Fig. 10 in the frame profile of Fig. 2;

Fig. 12: a perspective view of a bolt tensioner for a tensioning unit;

Fig. 13 and 14: the positioning of the bolt tensioner of Fig. 2 on the drive wheel of Fig. 10;

Fig. 15 and 16: a first variant of procedure for tensioning adjacent frame areas together

Fig. 17 and 18: a second variant of procedure for tensioning adjacent frame areas together;

Fig. 19 to 21: the operation of a tool for actuating the tensioning units;

Fig. 22 to 27: variants for withdrawal or outward folding of membrane elements for purposes maintenance and / or cleaning; Y

Fig. 28: an alternative embodiment of a tensioning device, which is not part of the invention.

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The basic idea of the invention is described referring to the shown embodiments of schematic form in Figs. 1, 6 and 7. In all Figs. equivalent components always carry the same references.

In Fig. 6 it is schematically represented a coating 100 of a surface, for example a roof of a enclosure, consisting essentially of a plurality of elements of membrane 10 according to the invention. A membrane element 10 according to the invention is represented in Fig. 1 in a view partially sectioned, and has a frame 12 and a material of membrane 14 tightly coated on it. The material of membrane 14 tensioned on the frame 12 of the elements of membrane 10 exerts on the frame 12 oriented forces inwards, so that the areas of the frame 56 remain curved inwards, as indicated schematically in Fig. 6.

The basic idea of the invention is to arrange the frame areas 56 curved inwards about tensioning devices 60 by which the frame areas 56 curved inward, contiguous membrane elements 10, be tensioned approaching each other or pushed closer each. This is schematically represented in Fig. 7 where on the longitudinal sides of the membrane elements 10 three tensioning units 60 are provided respectively and in the narrow sides respectively a tensioning unit 60. Fig. 7 shows the membrane elements 10 in an attracted state or compressed each other. The membrane elements 10 located in the Fig. 7 on the outside are screwed with an edge profile 62 by tensioning units 60.

The frame profiles of the different membrane elements are therefore screwed together at one or more points so that the tensile forces due to the coating are eliminated in a short space between two supports. In this way the profiles can be made with a slender shape, this being one of the essential advantages of the invention. The screw connection is made in such a way that it can be operated from both sides of the cladding despite the inaccessibility of the interior of the frame. This drive can be carried out, for example, by means of a special tool that will be described in detail below, in a narrow groove between adjacent frames, through a cogwheel arranged there. No springs or other additional mechanisms are required to tension the membrane, since the membrane material is itself elastic and acts as a spring. The tension of the membrane that is required to achieve a smooth appearance under loads and external temperature differences that appear realistically and the rigidity to the necessary deformation is obtained by coating the different frames. The edge of the frame that is still unsupported in this state is deformed by the effect of this arc-shaped tension inwards. These inwardly oriented frame-oriented frame edges are screwed together during the assembly of, for example, two frames facing each other, thus giving them the desired straight rectilinear shape. Doing so increases the tension of the membranes in a planned way to a certain extent. When the membrane forces are transmitted from one frame to the other, through several distributed screw connections, these forces are short-circuited, thus allowing the desired slenderness of the profile of the
frame.

An alternative form of a coating 100 it is represented in Fig. 8. There it is planned, in addition to the outer frame profiles 62, also a support profile or centered frame 62, which also joins with the elements of membrane 10 using tensioning devices 60.

The general structure of the elements of Membrane 10 is described with reference to Figs. 1 to 5.

The membrane elements 10 are composed of a stabilizer frame 12 and one or two membranes coated with tense form over this one.

The frame 12 is composed of profiles Slender frame semi-elliptical shape 20, preferably extruded aluminum. In Fig. 2 is represented a profile of this class or frame profile 20 in a section view. The frame 12 preferably has a shape rectangular or square But in principle frame 12 could have virtually any shape, in particular also the shape of any polygon. As can be seen from Fig. 6, 7 and 8 the racks 12 do not have any kind of elements additional to give them longitudinal and transverse stiffness.

The frame profile shown in Fig. 2 it is preferably formed of extruded aluminum, the ratio being between profile height and profile width preferably of approximately 4 to 1 to 5 to 1. The wall thickness of a profile 20 with a height of 80 mm is about 2 mm. In profile 20 they are provided all the holes, holes and milling that require for the manufacture, assembly and revision of the elements of membrane 10. Profile 20 presents on the face oriented towards the interior a semi-elliptical contour 24. In the upper and lower areas are provided some recesses 26 for Insert corner brackets. In the center is planned a hollow chamber 28 for a sliding nut, which is part of a tensioning device described below in detail. The recesses 32 serve to accommodate the screws of clamping for a drive tool for the units tensioners that will also be described later in detail. On the face of the membrane element 10 according to the invention located on the outside of the profile 20 are made respectively slots 22 for a reed that can be inserted. More towards him inside are also elbows 34 that serve as a stop for an adjoining profile. Between these elbows 34 is a recess 38 in which a drive wheel can be housed for a tension unit. For the accommodation of the wheels of drive of the tensioning units are also provided milled holes 44 in the area of the lower stop 34. For the passage of a tensioning bolt to a sliding nut is also provided in the profile 20 a central hole 40, and also the holes 42 intended to immobilize the sliding nuts by means of pins adequate.

In the corners, the profiles of the frame 20 they are cut to miter and join together at the corners of the frame by means of squares that are housed in the hollow chambers 26 of the profile. In the upper face and in the lower face of the profiles and in the corner area are also provided paths slots 48 to be able to fold inward the material of membrane 14 that overlaps the corners after tensioning the coating. This is schematically represented in Fig. Four.

The junction between the membrane materials and the profiles 20 is represented in Fig. 5. In the part a sealing membrane 16 attached by means of a reed 54 which is placed in the groove 22 provided in the profile 20. Correspondingly there is at the bottom a view membrane 18 also joined by means of a reed 54 which is inserted in the lower groove 22 of the profile 20. In Fig. 5 a sliding nut 50 inserted in the hollow chamber 28, which is fixed there by means of pins 52 which they are held in holes 42.

Depending on the application, they can be used as membrane materials textile fabrics, sheets and non-woven fabrics of all kinds. It is designated as a visible membrane that membrane that is oriented towards the observer, by example towards the interior of the enclosure, and that is what forms the enclosure of the enclosure itself. On the back of a membrane 20 may be provided, as indicated for example  in Fig. 5, a sealing membrane that mainly serves to cover the interior space of the membrane elements 10 and protects the interior space against dirt and entry moisture. In addition, a sealing membrane of this class 16 can serve as a diffuser in the case of illuminated membranes posterior in order to significantly reduce reproduction of the lighting means and the particle shadows of dirt, if you don't avoid them completely. To make a mere coating function are especially suitable sheets or coated fabrics. For the application as a diffuser they are especially suitable sheets, fabrics and non-woven fabrics that scatter the light. They can also be performed as seen membranes acoustic effect elements such as elements sound dampers, preferably with a membrane view perforated

For the manufacture of membrane elements frame profiles 20 are cut first according with the desired dimensions for the frame and are joined by means of angular profiles to form a frame 12. The frame 12 is It is then covered with the diaphragm 18 and eventually with the sealing membrane 16, tensioning them so that they are smooth. The Union of the visible membrane 18 and of the sealing membrane 16 with the frame profile 20 takes place, as represented in the Fig. 5, by means of a pressure joint by means of a reed 54 or a weatherstrip cord, which is preferably made of a soft plastic material, for example PVC, TPE or other suitable material. Instead, you can also use a pressure profile or an extruded aluminum pressure rail.

The initial tension in the membranes 16, 18, which It is automatically set when making a smooth coating, gives place to a deformation of the slender profiles of the frame 20 inwards as indicated schematically in the Fig. 6. The magnitude of this deformation is determined by the pre-tensioning forces that have been applied, and it remains defined exactly. This conformed is intentional and is part of the assembly concept described below.

In accordance with the invention it is planned to cancel the deformations of the frames caused by the initial tension of the membrane, tensing in the opposite direction by means of special tension mechanisms in order to return to the state original not deformed. As contrary support for this they can serve in the preferred variants the adjacent membrane elements 10, or according to the type of arrangement, also an adequate profile of the bode 62. In this way the forces of pre-tensioned membranes, annulling each other.  After tensioning in the opposite direction, the frame returns to present the original form the same as before being coated with The membranes This can be seen from Figs. 7 and 8. The elements of membrane 10 can be arranged differently. In a first variant depicted in Figs. 6 and 7, an edge profile 62 surrounds an entire arrangement of a plurality of elements of membrane 10. Edge profile 62 serves as the opposite support for absorb the tensile forces of the membrane elements 10 in The edge of the set. At the same time, the edge profile 62 it can also serve as a closing element or connection to a contiguous structure Edge profile 62 is also manufactured preferably based on commercial aluminum profiles or a folded aluminum or steel sheet.

In the second embodiment represented schematically in Figs. 8 and 9 it is also provided in the area inside the cladding assembly a support profile 62, which you can present for example a U-shape, and that conveniently It is also made of aluminum. This inner edge profile 62 can serve to house and guide installation ducts such as cable harnesses and water pipes as well as for the integration of water spray facilities and others technical facilities of the building. For this it can be it is convenient to provide the channel with a coating 64. In this case the edge profile 62 essentially meets the objective of absorbing the tensile forces of the adjacent membrane elements. In addition, this edge profile can also carry some bolts of hinge for the folding of the membrane elements, which will describe later.

The tensioning mechanism and the tensioning process are explained by referring to Figs. 10 to 21.

The tensioning units 60 by means of which short-circuit the prestressing forces of the membrane material 14 consist essentially of a threaded bolt or tension bolt 80, a drive wheel 70 and a sliding nut that is placed on one of the edge profiles 20. A tension bolt 80, a wheel of drive 70 and two sliding nuts 50 with internal thread they form a tensile unit 60. The number of tensile units per unit length or per frame side depends on the forces of tension and flexural rigidity of the frame profiles twenty.

The sliding nuts 50 have a thread in the that the tension bolts 80 can be screwed on. The nuts slides 50 are introduced into the hollow chambers 28 of the profile of the frame 20, they slide to the right place and their left and right position, for example by simple metal pins This is preferably done with some clearance, which facilitates the screwing of the bolts tensioners 80. The sliding nuts are preferably made of steel zinc plated

The tension bolts 80 approach with each other the membrane elements 10 with which they are short-circuited with each other the prestressing forces of the membrane elements 10 and the areas of the frame 56 of the curved membrane element 10 inward again align in direction parallel. A tensioning bolt 80 that is manufactured by a procedure basically known is schematically represented in Fig. 12. The tension bolt 80 has a stop 82 at one end by means of the which prevents it from getting out or falling off the wheel of drive 70 which will be described later. Inland, the tension pin 80 then has a flattened area 86, where an outer thread 84 is carved on the outer faces that fits on the sliding nuts 50. Going through a reduction 88, the tension bolt 80 reaches an area of reduced diameter 87 whose axial length and radial thickness are chosen such that this area of reduced diameter 87 can pass freely through of the hole in the sliding nuts. This functionality is will describe later in more detail. In the end, the bolt tensioner 80 is finally topped by a cap nut 89 which is threaded there on a thread not shown in Fig. 12 and which serves as a stop against a sliding nut 50.

The structure of a drive wheel 70 and its joint action with tension bolt 80 and edge profile 20 It is described with reference to Fig. 10 to 14. The wheel of drive 70 which in Fig. 10a) is represented in a view front, in Fig. 10b) in a side view and in Fig. 10c) in a rear view comprises as essential elements a plate 74 in the form of a circular disk, a cogwheel 74 placed on that or molded together with the one used to drive this wheel, as well as a hole 76 for the passage of a tension bolt 80. A particularity of this hole 76 consists, as is shown in Fig. 10c), in which the corner areas are each equipped with a recess 78 applied selectively, which avoid damaging the tensioning bolt thread 18.

The positioning of the drive wheel 70 in relation to the profile of the frame 20 is represented in the Fig. 11a) and b). An edge of the plate 74 penetrates for it in a slot 36 located behind the stop square 34 of the profile of the frame, thus being secured to prevent it from falling outside, see Fig. 2. In Fig. 11b you can also see how position the drive wheel 70 centered with respect to the recess 44, so that through this recess 44 you can access the drive wheel 70 with a tool, which will be described later. In the example shown, it is used for driving the drive wheel 70 a wheel gear 72. Drive wheel 70 is preferably manufactured in stainless steel The drive wheel 70 presents in its center one hole 76, suitable for flattening the pin 86 tensioner 80, and is placed on it as shown in the Fig. 13 and 14. When the drive wheel 70 is turned, transmits the torque through hole 76 to the tension pin 80. Due to the penetration of the plate 74 into the groove 76 behind the stop elbows 34 of the frame profile, see Fig. 2, are also prevents the drive wheel 70 from moving so uncontrolled in one way or another on the tension bolt. For turning the drive wheel 70 a turning tool is used which will be described later in detail.

To carry out the tensioning process, position the drive wheel 70 in the frame profile 20 in front of the sliding nut 50, as shown in the Fig. 11. Next, a tension bolt 80 is passed through the drive wheel 70 and screwed forward in the nut slide 50 inside the frame profile 20 until it reaches the stop 82. This situation is represented in Fig. 15. Stop 82 serves to hold the tension bolt 80 when releasing the elements of the membrane, and so that it cannot fall undesirably to the inside the membrane element. Then it curls from back over the end of the tension bolt 80 provided with one more thread reduced, a cap nut 89 and is immobilized to prevent that can be released undesirably, for example by glue. This cap nut 89 serves as a stop later.

A first variant of the mutual tension is described with reference to Figs. 15 and 16. After preparing  The starting situation of Fig. 15 compresses each other rack areas to be joined, for example with some suitable pliers, such that the threaded part 84 of the bolt tensioner 80 can be screwed onto the sliding nut 50 of the contiguous membrane element 10, using the wheel of drive 70 and a turning tool. The pliers for compress the facing areas of the frame can fit into particular in the groove 36 of the profiles 20, see Fig. 3. When the tension bolt 80 has been sufficiently screwed to through the sliding nut of the frame profile 20 located at on the right in Fig. 16, there is no longer a threaded adjustment between the sliding nut 50 and tension bolt 80, so that when following turning the tension bolt 80 is only held by the sliding nut 50 of the frame profile 20 located on the left in Fig. 16. When the tension bolt has been threaded deep enough, the cap nut 89 stops with the sliding nut 50 of the frame profile 20 located on the right in Fig. 16, and the continuation of the turn of the tension bolt 80 results in a approximation of frame profiles 20 which is about bringing each.

Alternatively, the bolt can be unscrewed tensioner 80 from the beginning of the tensioning process using of the turning tool, removing it from the profile 20 on the right side up to the backstop, that is until the cap nut 89 make contact with the sliding nut 50. This is shown in Fig. 17. Next, the tension bolt 80 approaches the profile located on the left in Fig. 17 using some pliers, and the profiles can then be screwed together. For both variants finally reached the final state represented in Fig. 17 in which the profiles 20 are in contact with each other at through their top 34 squads and with that they have reached their final position In Fig. 18 you can also see that among the frame profiles 20 is a gap 60 through which it is possible to access the sprocket 72 of the wheel drive 70.

This is explained by referring to Fig. 19 to 21 where a tool is shown schematically drive that is equipped with reference 90. The tool drive consists essentially of a plate 92 in which the example shown are rotatably arranged other two cogwheels 94, 96, by means of which you can turn the gearwheel 72 of the drive wheel 70 for the bolt tensioner 80. The tool 90 passes through it through the recesses 44 provided in profile 20 and is positioned there with precision by means of the screws 98 screwed there in the holes 46, see Fig. 3, whereby they are further transmitted to the frame profile 20 all the forces that appear when turning the tension bolt 80. In this way it is advantageously possible a Comfortable and virtually effortless work for an operator. He Spinning of the sprockets is preferably performed by means of a motor, for example an electric motor.

An alternative example of a tensioning device which does not belong to the invention is indicated schematically in Fig. 28. There the frame profiles 20 opposite each other are keep subjects attached to each other by means of a piece of pressure 68 with H-shaped profile. This profile can be entered for example between the frame profiles 20 through recesses made in a suitable place. Will eventually could also provide some U-shaped profiles to place from the outside on properly planned elbows oriented outwards, similar to elbows 34 inward oriented.

The work of revision, cleaning and accessibility of the coating according to the invention and of the membrane elements according to the invention are explained by reference to Fig. 22-27. Revision work is understood as mainly cleaning and preservation of surfaces upper and lower membrane or materials there employees, as well as the joints between the membrane elements 10. Review of membrane elements 10 or any lighting means located behind can be made of various modes. In a first variant elements of insulated membrane 10 independently of each other, thanks to the system special assembly with tensioning units 60, and due to its reduced own weight could be disassembled for example by two people. This is indicated schematically in Fig. 22. This membrane element 10 can be cleaned, replaced or modified to then in the way that is eventually desired.

In a second variant shown schematically in Figs. 23 to 27 the elements of membrane 10 by means of tension bolts 80 or by means of some hinge bolts provided for this purpose. Bolts of hinge can be provided for example between the elements of membrane 10 and edge profiles 62. All other units tensioners 60 are released before folding the membrane element 10. In Figs. 23 to 25, a blasting process is shown in which the axis of rotation is located approximately a quarter part of the narrow side of a membrane element 10. In this case, a part of the membrane element 10 is above the Edge profiles 62 after having knocked it down. The element of membrane 10 is therefore rotated around the axis of the bolt and is Abbat then to an open position. According to the conditions of local space and individual wishes of the property or the architect you can define the location of the pivot point and the sense of dejection.

In the variant shown in Fig. 26 and 27 the pivot point is for example in a corner area of the membrane elements, and these fold down around of its longitudinal side. Fig. 6 shows various phases of depletion of an isolated membrane element. Fig. 7 shows a situation with a total of six membrane elements 10 shot down in a coating according to the invention 100.

The features cited here allow for equal quick and easy accessibility to parts of buildings and to installed elements such as for example installations of lighting and other facilities that are arranged behind the membrane elements.

With the present invention a new one is provided membrane element class and a new procedure class to coat surfaces by which it is possible get a considerably more slender design of the structure of support and therefore considerable advantages can be achieved in how much material consumption and design possibility.

Claims (18)

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1. Membrane element (10) for coating surfaces, in particular ceilings or walls, in particular for carrying out the method according to one of claims 13 to 14, with a frame (12) coated with a material of tense membrane (14), where at least one area of the frame (56) it is curved inwards due to the forces exerted by the membrane material (14) on the frame (12), where in the area of the frame (56) curved towards inside there are tensioning units (60) for exert traction or compression on this area of the frame (56) with with respect to an opposite support (62, 12) towards the outside, in the sense towards the uncurved state, characterized , because the tensioning units (60) comprise bolted joints to exert on the curved areas of the frame (56) traction towards the opposite support, because for the bolted joint there are some sliding nuts (50) fixed to the frame (12) and because there are  threaded bolts (80) to screw on the sliding nuts (50), especially in areas of the frame opposite each other.

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2. Membrane element according to claim one, characterized because the membrane material (14) is a sheet, a coated fabric, a light scattering sheet or a nonwoven fabric.

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3. Membrane element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized because the frame (12) is covered by both faces.

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4. Membrane element according to claim 3, characterized because the membrane material (14) is because of the first face a diffuser material, and because on the second side, the material of the membrane (14) is a luminotechnical material.

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5. Membrane element according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized because the membrane material (14) is fixed to the frame (12) by means of a reed joint (22, 54).

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6. Membrane element according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized because the frame (12) is formed by aluminum profiles, in particular with a middle section ellipse.

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7. Membrane element according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized because the threaded bolt (80) presents in a first end a right hand thread and in a second end a left hand thread

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8. Membrane element according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized because the sliding nuts (50) are housed in the frame (12).

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9. Membrane element according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized because to turn the threaded bolt (80) there is in the frame (12) a drive wheel (70).

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10. Membrane element according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized because the threaded bolt (80) has an area of reduced diameter (87) to pass through the nut slide (50), a rear stop (89) to ensure displacement with respect to the drive wheel (70) and a front stop (82) to ensure displacement relative to the sliding nut (fifty).

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11. Membrane element according to one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized because in the area of tensioning units (60) a recess (44) is made in the frame to give access to the tensioning units (60) by means of a tool (90).

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12. Membrane element according to claim eleven, characterized because in the frame (12) they exist in the area of the recess (44) a stop means, in particular some screws (98) to apply the tool in a defined way (90).

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13. Procedure for coating surfaces, in particular of ceilings or walls, by using of membrane elements according to one of claims 1 to 12, in which membrane elements are placed (10) with a frame (12) and a tense coated membrane material (14) on them, next to each other on the surface that is about coat, where the racks (12) of the elements of membrane (10) are previously coated by tensing them with the material membrane (14), thereby at least one area of the frame (56) it bends inwards due to the forces exerted by the taut lining, where the membrane elements (10) pre-coated and stretched that have the frame areas curved (56) are applied to the surface to be coated, Y where to close the lining (100) join at least a part of the membrane elements (10) with the zones frame (56) curved inward, approaching or compressing them with the racks (12) of membrane elements contiguous (10), characterized because the frame areas (56) curved towards the interior is drawn to an opposite support through unions threaded, and because some sliding nuts (50) that go fixed on the frame (12) are screwed by threaded bolts (80).

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14. Method according to claim 13, characterized because the assembly, in particular the opening and / or the closing of the lining is done from the front, in particular from a face seen.

         \ global \ parskip1.000000 \ baselineskip
      

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15. Surface coating, in particular of ceilings or walls, with a plurality of membrane elements (10) according to one of claims 1 to 12. 16. Coating according to claim fifteen, characterized because depending on the length of the zones of frame (56) to be attracted to each other or compressed together and depending on the force exerted by the membrane material (14) a plurality of tensioning units (60) are provided throughout the entire length of the frame areas (56).

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17. Coating according to claim 15 or 16, characterized because there are lighting sources for the backlighting of the membrane elements (10).

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18. Coating according to one of the claim 15 to 17, characterized because there are some edge profiles (62) for host home automation components.