ES2355489T3 - Dispositivo de osteosíntesis intramedular de dos partes de hueso, en particular de la mano y/o del pie. - Google Patents
Dispositivo de osteosíntesis intramedular de dos partes de hueso, en particular de la mano y/o del pie. Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/72—Intramedullary devices, e.g. pins or nails
- A61B17/7291—Intramedullary devices, e.g. pins or nails for small bones, e.g. in the foot, ankle, hand or wrist
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/72—Intramedullary devices, e.g. pins or nails
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
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- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
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- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2210/0019—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol operated at only one temperature whilst inside or touching the human body, e.g. constrained in a non-operative shape during surgery, another temperature only occurring before the operation
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Abstract
Dispositivo de osteosíntesis intramedular de dos partes de hueso, en particular de la mano y/o del pie, constituido por un cuerpo (1) de forma alargada y de sección transversal plana que presenta, sucesivamente, a partir de uno de sus extremos, una zona de anclaje (1a) que coopera con una de las partes de hueso a inmovilizar, una zona media (1c) apta para resistir los esfuerzos de cizalladura y de flexión, y una zona de anclaje (1b) en la otra parte de hueso a inmovilizar, caracterizado porque: - cada una de dichas zonas de anclaje (1a) y (1b) está realizada en un material con memoria de forma apto para permitir su deformación, con el fin de permitir una introducción en las partes de hueso sin acceso pulpar, y después asegurar un anclaje en dichas partes de hueso evitando cualquier movimiento de rotación, resistiendo a la tracción y manteniendo un esfuerzo de compresión, - la zona de anclaje (1a) que coopera con una de las partes de hueso a inmovilizar presenta dos patas o aletas (1a1) y (1a2) aptas para ser separadas bajo el efecto de la deformación, por memoria de forma; - la zona de anclaje (1b) en la otra parte de hueso a inmovilizar presenta, en su espesor, una lumbrera (1b1) para permitir una deformación por elasticidad bajo el efecto de la memoria de forma y un bloqueo por hinchado.
Description
La presente invención se refiere al sector técnico de los implantes ortopédicos, en particular para artrodesis y osteosíntesis.
Se recuerda que el objetivo de una artrodesis es obtener una estabilidad muy buena tanto primaria como secundaria y comprimir, o mantener en compresión, dos partes de hueso o fragmentos 5 óseos que conviene inmovilizar. La estabilidad es crítica para obtener la consolidación, minimizando al mismo tiempo los problemas anexos tales como el dolor, el hinchamiento, etc… El efecto de compresión permite consolidar más rápidamente la osteotomía en la posición elegida por el cirujano cuando tiene lugar la operación.
Se han propuesto diferentes soluciones técnicas para realizar una artrodesis, en particular a 10 nivel del pie, de la mano, de la muñeca, etc. Se pueden citar, por ejemplo, las grapas básicas sin memoria de forma que no aseguran una compresión, al contrario de las grapas con memoria que permiten comprimir las dos partes de hueso a consolidar, lo cual corresponde al objetivo buscado.
Sin embargo, para obtener una estabilidad satisfactoria, es necesario colocar dos, incluso tres grapas, en unos planos diferentes. Resulta de ello un volumen importante, lo cual limita las aplicaciones 15 (articulación metacarpo-falángica por ejemplo).
Se han propuesto asimismo unas placas y tornillos extramedulares que necesitan un volumen relativamente importante. A este respecto, es difícilmente previsible miniaturizarlos, lo cual podría generar unos problemas de comportamiento y de rigidez.
Este estado de la técnica se puede ilustrar mediante las enseñanzas de la patente 20 US nº 4.364.382 que describe una placa de sección plana cuyos bordes longitudinales presentan una serie de dentados.
Algunos tipos de tornillos pueden ser utilizados en intramedular, pero generan dificultades de posicionamiento (paso por la pulpa en particular).
Se pueden utilizar asimismo unos pasadores que presentan un volumen reducido. Sin embargo, 25 la estabilidad obtenida no es satisfactoria y es necesario proceder a una retirada. Una solución de este tipo se desprende de la enseñanza de la patente GB 2 119 655.
La patente FR 2 794 019 describe un implante de osteosíntesis destinado al tratamiento de cualquier tipo de hueso, en particular de los huesos largos y de huesos pequeños, constituido por un cuerpo de forma general de revolución que comprende una parte constituida por un arrollamiento 30 helicoidal de un hilo de material deformable, para el posicionado de un medio de apoyo con respecto a los fragmentos óseos.
La patente FR 2 787 313 se refiere asimismo a un implante de osteosíntesis constituido por un cuerpo de forma general de revolución para permitir la introducción del implante en el fragmento óseo por contracción y su apoyo contra el fragmento en un estado de expansión. 35
La patente US nº 3.824.631 describe un implante de osteosíntesis que sirve de puente en una junta entre dos huesos y constituido por metal que tiene una forma hueca y provisto en un extremo de un bifurcación para poder recibir el canal medular de dos metacarpos. En el extremo opuesto, está prevista una extensión para la implantación en el radio.
El documento EP 1 300 122 A2 describe un implante que presenta dos brazos alargados unidos 40 entre sí por un elemento que permite la flexibilidad entre los dos brazos. El elemento que los une presenta dos zonas cóncavas cada una situada en un lado opuesto del elemento.
Por último, se conocen unos clavos intramedulares, pero estos últimos necesitan una grapa complementaria con el fin de bloquearlos en rotación.
La invención se ha fijado como objetivo evitar estos inconvenientes de una manera simple, 45 segura, eficaz y racional.
El problema que se propone resolver la invención es permitir la fijación de dos partes de hueso una a la otra, de una manera rígida con una compresión dinámica y retentiva con el fin de obtener una osteosíntesis fiable y rápida.
Para resolver dicho problema, se ha concebido y puesto a punto un elemento de artrodesis 50 intramedular de acuerdo con las características definidas en la reivindicación 1.
La invención encuentra una aplicación particularmente ventajosa, para la realización de artrodesis a nivel de las falanges proximales y medianas, para las articulaciones interfalángicas proximales y las articulaciones interfalángicas distales, a nivel de la mano y/o a nivel del pie.
La invención se expone a continuación con mayor detalle con la ayuda de las figuras de los 55 planos adjuntos, en los que:
- - la figura 1 es una vista en planta de carácter esquemático que muestra la colocación del elemento de artrodesis intramedular según la invención entre una falange proximal y una falange mediana para asegurar el bloqueo de la articulación interfalángica proximal;
- - la figura 2 es una vista en planta de un ejemplo de realización del elemento de artrodesis en el momento de su introducción;
- - la figura 3 es una vista que corresponde a la figura 2 que muestra el elemento de artrodesis 5 después de su implantación para realizar la compresión;
- - la figura 4 muestra la colocación del elemento según la invención a nivel de un dedo del pie.
El elemento de artrodesis según la invención está constituido por un cuerpo de forma alargada 10 designado en su conjunto por (1). Cada uno de los extremos del cuerpo está conformado para realizar una zona de anclaje (1a) a una zona de anclaje (1b).
Entre las dos zonas de anclaje (1a) y (1b), está formada por lo menos una zona media (1c) apta para resistir los esfuerzos de cizalladura y de flexión. Generalmente, los esfuerzos de cizalladura y de flexión se ejercen a nivel del foco óseo a consolidar. La forma de esta zona media (1c) está adaptada a la 15 forma interna del hueso. Su longitud se determina con el fin de permitir un ligero desplazamiento en el centrado.
A título indicativo en modo alguno limitativo, esta zona media puede presentar una sección rectangular de 2 a 3 mm x 1 a 1,5 mm aproximadamente y una longitud de 3 a 5 mm aproximadamente (para el pie y la mano). 20
Las zonas de anclaje (1a) y (1b) están conformadas para evitar cualquier movimiento de rotación, resistir una solicitación en tracción, y mantener la compresión manual aplicada en el momento de la colocación por el cirujano con el fin de reducir el foco. Para obtener este resultado, las zonas de anclaje (1a) y (1b) están realizadas en un material con memoria de forma para ser deformadas por efecto térmico (memoria tibia) o por efecto mecánico (superelasticidad). El objetivo buscado, a nivel de las 25 zonas de anclaje, considerando, por una parte, su perfil, y, por otra parte, la naturaleza del material que las constituye es permitir una introducción en las partes de hueso, en particular por vía dorsal sin acceso pulpar, por una parte, y después asegurar un anclaje en dicha parte de hueso con el fin de obtener o mantener el esfuerzo de compresión buscado, por otra parte. Las zonas de anclaje (1a) y (1b) son idénticas o no, según el tipo de hueso y su morfología. 30
En función del tipo de artrodesis realizada, es decir de la naturaleza de las articulaciones interfalángicas a bloquear por ejemplo, las zonas de anclaje (1a) y (1b) pueden presentar diferentes formas de realización.
Por ejemplo, una de las zonas de anclaje (1a) presenta dos patas o aletas aptas para ser separadas bajo un efecto térmico por ejemplo. O bien, estas zonas de anclaje (1a) pueden presentar una 35 sola pata o vástago apto para ser curvado bajo el efecto de la memoria del material que la constituye. O bien, la zona de anclaje (1b) presenta, en su espesor, una lumbrera para permitir una deformación por elasticidad, bajo un efecto térmico por ejemplo, y mantener la posición por una presión sobre la longitud del hueso.
Según otra característica de la invención, para tener en cuenta la anatomía de las diferentes 40 falanges por ejemplo, a saber el estrechamiento interno del hueso (forma de reloj de arena), la zona media (1c) está unida a por lo menos una de las zonas de anclaje (1b) por una zona de unión (1d) más fina.
Se hará ahora referencia a las figuras de los planos que muestran un ejemplo de realización de un ejemplo de artrodesis intramedular. 45
En este ejemplo de realización, el cuerpo (1) presenta, en uno de sus extremos, una zona de anclaje (1a) en forma de dos patas o aletas (1a1)-(1a2). Esta zona de anclaje (1a) está prolongada por la zona media (1c) de forma general, vista en planta, sustancialmente triangular. La zona media (1c) está unida a la otra zona de anclaje extrema (1b) por una zona de unión (1d) de forma general, vista en planta, sustancialmente rectangular. La zona de anclaje (1b) presenta, en su espesor, una lumbrera de 50 forma general sustancialmente oblonga (1b1).
Se hará referencia ahora a la figura 2 que muestra el elemento en el momento de su introducción, es decir antes de la separación de las patas (1a1)-(1a2), y de la apertura de la lumbrera (1b1). Por ejemplo, esta configuración se obtiene cuando el conjunto del elemento es sometido a una baja temperatura muy inferior a la del cuerpo humano por ejemplo. Inversamente, después de la 55 implantación (figura 3), bajo el efecto del calor del cuerpo, las patas (1a1) y (1a2) se separan, así como la lumbrera (1b1), lo cual provoca, de una manera concomitante, una deformación de la zona de anclaje (1b).
Se debe observar que el perfil de la zona media (1c) evita el hundimiento cuando se cierra de nuevo el foco. 60
En una forma de realización a modo de variante, la zona de unión (1d) puede estar hendida para aprovecharse de un efecto de hinchado por memoria de forma y de refuerzo del anclaje en la zona diafisaria.
Se recuerda que el elemento según la invención está particularmente bien adaptado para el tratamiento de la patología “dedo del pie en garra o en martillo”, realizando una artrodesis a nivel de las 5 falanges P1 y P2 sobre los radios 2 a 5, observando que dichas aplicaciones no deben ser consideradas como limitativas, mediante unas adaptaciones esencialmente dimensionales (reimplantaciones de dedo, artrodesis de la articulación interfalángica distal y de la articulación interfalángica proximal de la mano, artrodesis MP del dedo gordo del pie).
Evidentemente, el conjunto del elemento de artrodesis según la invención puede presentar unas 10 características de construcción aptas para mejorar en particular el anclaje y la compresión.
Por ejemplo:
- unos dentados sobre las patas de uno de los lados para un mejor anclaje en el hueso esponjoso;
- unas patas onduladas implantadas (rectas antes de la implantación) para permitir un 15 acortamiento y por tanto una compresión del foco de artrodesis suplementaria con respecto a un simple sostenimiento;
- una zona central cónica para evitar un hundimiento no deseado del implante en el momento en que se cierra el foco.
A título indicativo, la memoria utilizada es preferentemente memoria tibia, de manera que no es 20 necesario un calentamiento puesto que no se produce ningún acceso. El inicio de apertura se efectúa aproximadamente de 15 a 20ºC, mientras que el final se efectúa aproximadamente de 30 a 35ºC.
La técnica operatoria sigue siendo clásica.
Claims (4)
- REIVINDICACIONES
- 1. Dispositivo de osteosíntesis intramedular de dos partes de hueso, en particular de la mano y/o del pie, constituido por un cuerpo (1) de forma alargada y de sección transversal plana que presenta, sucesivamente, a partir de uno de sus extremos, una zona de anclaje (1a) que coopera con una de las partes de hueso a inmovilizar, una zona media (1c) apta para resistir los esfuerzos de cizalladura y de 5 flexión, y una zona de anclaje (1b) en la otra parte de hueso a inmovilizar, caracterizado porque:
- - cada una de dichas zonas de anclaje (1a) y (1b) está realizada en un material con memoria de forma apto para permitir su deformación, con el fin de permitir una introducción en las partes de hueso sin acceso pulpar, y después asegurar un anclaje en dichas partes de hueso evitando 10 cualquier movimiento de rotación, resistiendo a la tracción y manteniendo un esfuerzo de compresión,
- - la zona de anclaje (1a) que coopera con una de las partes de hueso a inmovilizar presenta dos patas o aletas (1a1) y (1a2) aptas para ser separadas bajo el efecto de la deformación, por memoria de forma; 15
- - la zona de anclaje (1b) en la otra parte de hueso a inmovilizar presenta, en su espesor, una lumbrera (1b1) para permitir una deformación por elasticidad bajo el efecto de la memoria de forma y un bloqueo por hinchado.
- 2. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la zona media (1c) está unida a 20 la zona de anclaje (1b) por una zona de unión (1d) de sección reducida.
- 3. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la zona media (1c) es de forma general, vista en planta, sustancialmente triangular, para evitar el hundimiento cuando se cierra de nuevo el foco de fractura.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0550957A FR2884406B1 (fr) | 2005-04-14 | 2005-04-14 | Dispositif d'osteosynthese intramedullaire de deux parties d'os, notamment de la main et/ou du pied |
| FR0550957 | 2005-04-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2355489T3 true ES2355489T3 (es) | 2011-03-28 |
Family
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Family Applications (4)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES10010503T Expired - Lifetime ES2386336T3 (es) | 2005-04-14 | 2006-04-12 | Dispositivo de osteosíntesis intramedular de dos partes de hueso, en particular de la mano y/o del pie |
| ES10003892T Expired - Lifetime ES2399591T3 (es) | 2005-04-14 | 2006-04-12 | Dispositivo de osteosíntesis intramedular de dos partes de hueso, en particular de la mano y/o del pie |
| ES06743805T Expired - Lifetime ES2355489T3 (es) | 2005-04-14 | 2006-04-12 | Dispositivo de osteosíntesis intramedular de dos partes de hueso, en particular de la mano y/o del pie. |
| ES10003893T Expired - Lifetime ES2404654T3 (es) | 2005-04-14 | 2006-04-12 | Dispositivo de osteosíntesis intramedular de dos partes de hueso, en particular de la mano y/o del pie |
Family Applications Before (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES10010503T Expired - Lifetime ES2386336T3 (es) | 2005-04-14 | 2006-04-12 | Dispositivo de osteosíntesis intramedular de dos partes de hueso, en particular de la mano y/o del pie |
| ES10003892T Expired - Lifetime ES2399591T3 (es) | 2005-04-14 | 2006-04-12 | Dispositivo de osteosíntesis intramedular de dos partes de hueso, en particular de la mano y/o del pie |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES10003893T Expired - Lifetime ES2404654T3 (es) | 2005-04-14 | 2006-04-12 | Dispositivo de osteosíntesis intramedular de dos partes de hueso, en particular de la mano y/o del pie |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (6) | US8475456B2 (es) |
| EP (4) | EP2221026B1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP4897791B2 (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE488204T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU2006234593B2 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2604526C (es) |
| DE (1) | DE602006018273D1 (es) |
| ES (4) | ES2386336T3 (es) |
| FR (1) | FR2884406B1 (es) |
| WO (1) | WO2006109004A1 (es) |
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2005
- 2005-04-14 FR FR0550957A patent/FR2884406B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2006
- 2006-04-12 ES ES10010503T patent/ES2386336T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2006-04-12 ES ES10003892T patent/ES2399591T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2006-04-12 AT AT06743805T patent/ATE488204T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-04-12 DE DE602006018273T patent/DE602006018273D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2006-04-12 ES ES06743805T patent/ES2355489T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2006-04-12 EP EP10003893A patent/EP2221026B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2006-04-12 EP EP10003892A patent/EP2221025B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2006-04-12 EP EP06743805A patent/EP1868536B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2006-04-12 EP EP10010503A patent/EP2275055B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2006-04-12 ES ES10003893T patent/ES2404654T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2006-04-12 CA CA2604526A patent/CA2604526C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2006-04-12 AU AU2006234593A patent/AU2006234593B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-04-12 JP JP2008505944A patent/JP4897791B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2006-04-12 WO PCT/FR2006/050345 patent/WO2006109004A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2006-04-12 US US11/911,405 patent/US8475456B2/en active Active
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2013
- 2013-05-17 US US13/896,894 patent/US9492215B2/en active Active
- 2013-05-20 US US13/897,775 patent/US9283007B2/en active Active
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2016
- 2016-10-13 US US15/292,955 patent/US10022167B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2018
- 2018-06-27 US US16/020,005 patent/US11006984B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2019
- 2019-12-06 US US16/706,044 patent/US11478285B2/en active Active
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